MEK 10503 :Power System Protection Assignment Current transformer

Figure 1 Consider the single line diagram of the simple power system in Figure 1, where a 3-phase 100 MVA, 123 kV, 50 Hz, source with an internal impedance of Zs=5.1985.82o is supplying a 3- phase load of 50MW+j20MVar. A three-phase to ground fault occurs at the load terminal around 0.5s. Assume that the fault remains without being cleared. 1. Create a simulation case of the system shown in PSCAD. Use the three-phase source model-1 in the PSACD master library with R-R//L impedance type for the source. Assume that the zero sequence impedance is same as the positive sequence impedance. Use PSCAD 3-phase fault component to simulate the fault with timed fault logic to control the fault timing. Observe the fault currents in phases A, B and C. Determine the fault times that would give the minimum and the maximum dc offset in Phase-A. 2. Use the CT model (JA model) available in PSCAD master library to simulate the Phase-A CT. Observe the CT secondary waveforms with the time of fault set to the point which cause the minimum dc offset in the Phase-A current. Also monitor the magnetic flux density (B) and the magnetic field intensity (H) in the CT core (B-H curve is best observed in an x-y plot). Use the following parameters for the CT model. CT ratio: 800:5A, Secondary resistance: 0.5 Secondary inductance: 0.8 mH, Core area: 8.60x10-3m2 Path length: 0.6377m Remanent flux density: 0 T Material type: default material (materai1) Burden: 4 + 18.4 mH 3. Suppose that the CT tap is changed to obtain a ratio to 600:5A. Assume that the other parameters of CT model remain unchanged. Run the simulation and observe the CT secondary waveform. Comment on the observations. 4. Repeat the simulation with fault time set to the value that gives the maximum dc offset in Phase-A. Observe the CT secondary waveforms and B-H characteristics. Repeat the simulation with CT tap reverted to 800:5A. Comment on your observations.

Refer to the following paper for further information on the CT model. 1. U. D. Annakkage, P. G. McLaren et al, A current transformer model based on the JilesAtherton theory of ferromagnetic hysteresis, IEEE transactions on power delivery, Jan. 2000.