taxmuftuljyK-vpOfxkwfpmapmif
twJ G (11)? trS w f ( 3)? toif ; awmf t wG i f ; uef U owf x k w f a 0onf / rwf v ? 2009ck E S p f /
jrefrmjynfonf bk&m;o
cif\ aumif;MuD;r*Fvmudk cHpm;
&aomwkid ;f jynfjzpfonf[k qkEd idk f
ygonf/ ,aeY urÇmhEkdifiHrsm;pGmü
bk&m;ocifudk tav;rxm;Mu
awmhyg/ odyHÜESifhenf;ynm wkd;
wufrIu vlwkdYonf bk&m;ocif
\rprIudk rvkdtyfawmh[kqkd&r
avmuf ajymif;vJaejyDjzpfonf/
xkdYaMumifh trsm;aomvlwkdYu bk
&m;[lonfrvkyd g/ rdro d m t"du
jzpfonf/ rdrdMudK;pm;rSom rdrdt
usK;d cHpm;&rnf/ bk&m;udq k ak wmif;
ae&HkrQjzifh? bk&m;udktm;udk;ae½Hk
rQjzifh rvHkavmuf[k qkdMuonf/
okdYaomf avmuMuD;xJü BudK;pm;
wkdif; r&&SdEkdifaomt&mrsm;pGm &Sd
Muygonf/ xko d Ydk r&Ekid Mf ujcif;rSm
bk&m;ocif\opömaMumifh jzpfyg
onf/ tcsKdUaomolwkdYu vlenf;
vl[efjzifh rsm;pGmBuKd ;pm;jy;D aemuf
tusKd;rsm;pGm cHpm;&zkdY&ef arQmf
vifMh uonf/ okaYd omf trsm;aom
olwkdYu arQmfvifhxm;oavmuf
jyefí r&Muyg/ BudK;pm;tm;xkwf
ívkyaf qmifygvsuf arQmv f ifx
h m;
onfh twkid ;f r&ygu bk&m;ocif
\rprIuckd &H zkYd ud;k pm;em;axmifzYdk
vkdvmygonf/ vlYtaeESifh MudK;
pm;tm;xkwfí &&SdEkdifaomt
wkid ;f twmrSm tueft Y owfEiS &hf dS
ygonf/ vlu bk&m;ocifudk udk;
pm;trSDjyKonfhtcg bk&m;ocif
xHrw S ek jYf yefí aus;Zl;jyKruI kd cHpm;
EkdifzkdY&ef bk&m;&Sifonf tpOft
ouf&iS af ezkv Yd t
dk yfygonf/ xm0
&bk&m;rlum;? tpOftjrJ touf
&Siaf wmfro
l nfomru arwåmESihf
wJzG ufaeawmfral om yk*K¾d vaf wmf
jrwf jzpfygonf/ xkaYd Mumifh uREykf f
wkdY vlom;rsm;u udk;pm;trSDjyK
onfhtcg rpaus;Zl;jyKEkdifaom
t&Sifjzpfygonf/ ,HkMunfolrSef
vQif toufwmü bk&m;ocif\
rpaumif;MuD;ay;aom udk,fawGY
oufaoudk cHpm;xm;&zk&Yd ef vkyd g
onf/ xkod Ydk oufaoudk cHpm;xm;
&olrsm;omvQif bk&m;ocif\
aumif;jrwfjcif;taMumif;udk ouf
aoxlEkdifrSm jzpfonf/ bk&m;o
cif\aumif;jrwfaMumif;udk udk,f
awGYoufaocHpm;xm;&jcif; r&Sd
ygu oufaoxlEidk rf nfr[kwyf g/
,HkMunfjcif;\ oufao
]] xk d t cg wpf q ,f h E S p f
ES p f y gwf v H k ; aoG ; oG e f t empJ G
aomaMumihf? rsm;pGmaom aq;
orm;wk d Y v uf ü tvG e f c H & í?
Opö m &S d o rQuk e f a omf v nf ; ouf
omr&onf o mru? temwk d ;
aomrd e f ; rwpf a ,muf o nf } }
(rm? 5;25-26)
txuf u srf ; yk d ' f ü q,f h
ESpfESpfwkdifwkdif aoG;oGefa0'em
cHpm;ae&aom trsKd;orD;wpf
a,muftaMumif; azmfjyxm;yg
onf/ xkdtrsKd;orD;onf rdrda0
'e maysmufvo dk jzifh &So d rQ pnf;
pdrOf pömudk tukecf í H rsm;pGmaom
orm;awmfrsm;xHü ukorIcH,lyg
onf/ okdYaomf a0'emraysmuf
&HkrQru temwkd;yGm;vmjyD; aq;
orm;trsm;vuf ü wpf r sKd ; jyD ;
wpfrsKd;prf;oyfukorI\'gPfudk
rsm;pGmcHpm;&ygonf/ aemufq;kH ü
&SdorQOpömrsm; ukefoGm;ygonf/
ta<u;rwufonft h wGuyf if cs;D
rGrf;&rnfjzpfonf/ ,aeYrsm;pGm
aom a0'emcHpm;&olrsm;onf
vnf; xkdtrsKd;orD;uJhokdYyif jzpf
onf/ rusef;rmí aq;&HkoGm;
onfhtcg aq;oGif;zkdY? t[m&
xnfhzkdY cE¨mxJydkufrsm; xkd;xnfh
onfhtcgrsm;pGm emusifrIcHpm;
&onf/ usef;rmvkdí aq;orm;
awmfw\ Ydk pdww f idk ;f usjyKMuonf
udk rcsdrqefY cHpm;Mu&ygonf/
aoG;oGeftempJGaom rdef;ronf
vlYtpGrf;&SdorQ ukorIcH&jyD;? r
aysmufonfhtqHk; arQmfvifhcsuf
rJhaecsdefwGif a,&Ic&pfawmf\
odwif;awmfukd Mum;&onfjzpfí
page 1
rdrdonf t0wfawmfudkom wkdY
vQif csrf;om&rnf[kqdkvQuf vl
pkta0;xJü aemufawmfokdY vm
í t0wfawmfukd wkyYd gonf/ xko d Ydk
,HkMunfjcif;ESifh wkdYxdonfh cP
jcif;wGif aoG;pka0;&m cef;ajcmuf
onfjzpfí xkad &m*g\ESyd pf ufjcif;
rsm;ESifh uif;vGwfjyDjzpfaMumif;
uk, d cf E¨mücHpm; od&&dS ygonf/ xkd
trsKd;orD;&Sd&m t&yfü oif;tkyf
q&mr&Sdyg/ rnfolurQvnf; ol
tay:ü vufwifqkawmif;ay;
onf r[kwyf g/ xkt d rsK;d orD;onf
c&pf,mefr[kwfyg/ rdrda0'em
aysmufzkdY aq;orm;rwwfEkdif
aMumif;odNyD;aemuf ocifa,½I
onfom rdrad &m*g aysmufuif;ap
EkdifaMumif;odjyD; ,HkMunfí yef;
yGm;udk wkdYxdjcif;jzpfonf/
]]a,&Ionf rdrdukd,frS
wef c d k ; xG u f o nf u d k csuf j cif ;
od a wmf r l v Qif vl p k t a0;ü
aemuf a wmf o k d Y vS n f h í igh t
0wf u d k tb,f o l w k d Y o enf ;
[k ar;awmf r l \ }}
(rm? 5;30)/
ocifa,½IxkdokdYar;awmf
rlonfrSm rnfolu rdrdtm;wkdY
onfukd rodír[kwyf g/ ygwf0ef;
usirf S vlrsm;u xk, d MkH unfjcif;\
oufaoudk Mum;odí jrifawGEY idk f
MuzkdY&ef jzpfygonf/ ,aeYvnf;
xdo k ufaoudk uREyfk w f t Ydk a,muf
wkdif;tm; bk&m;ocifu Mum;od
apvkyd gonf/ bk&m;ocif\tHMh o
bG,fwefcdk;awmf ESifhrpjcif;ouf
aoonf twdwfu c&pfawmf\
tcsed u f mvu om&So d nf r[kwf
yg/ ,aeYvnf; xkdoufaoudk cH
pm; &&SdEdkifygonf/ ,HkMunfolr
[kwf c&pf,mefr[kwfaomtrsKd;
orD;wpfO;D cE¨muk, d x f üJ uifqm
tvHk;&Sd&HkrQru wpfudk,fvHk; uif
qmjyefaY eojzifh q&m0efu vuf
avsmhjyD; jyefckdif;&m wpfcsdefu
aoG;oGeftempJGaomrdef;ronf
c&pfawmf\yef;yGm;udk wkdYí csrf;
om&aomtjzpftysufudk tjcm;
olrsm;a0iScsuft& Mum;odxm;
onf u d k jyef v nf o wd & ojzif h
pdwfESvHk;xJü udk,fawmf&Sif rpyg
rnft
h aMumif; t"d|mefjyKygonf/
wpfygwf jynfhí q&m0efu csdef;
csufonfhtwkdif; aq;&Hkjyefjy&m
q&m0efu rnfonfah q;aomuf
í rnfojYdk yKoenf;[kar;&m rnf
okdYrQ rjyKaMumif; rnfonfhaq;rS
raomufaMumif; ajymygonf/ xkd
trsK;d orD;onf bk&m;ocif\ tHh
MobG,fwefcdk;awmftm;jzifh Akduf
xJrS tvH;k r&Sad wmh? uifqma&m*g
aysmufuif;cGifh &&SdoGm;ygonf/
,aeYbk&m;ocif\ 0dnmOfawmf
onf "r®tm&Hku bk&m;ocif\
EIwfuywfawmfudk Mum;í wkefY
jyefaom ESvHk;om;rsm;tay:ü
tvkyv f yk v
f su&f ydS gonf/ ,ckxdk
oufaoudk cHpm;oGm;olu ,Hk
Munfolr[kwfyg/ wpfa,mufu
uifqma&m*gjzpfjyD;rS tHhMobG,f
oufao&í c&pfawmfudk &oGm;
ygonf/ tjcm;wpfa,mufu xkd
trsK;d orD;oufaocHí c&pfawmf
udk &oGm;ovkd tcsKdUu ta<u;
wifae&mrS ta<u;uif;atmif
rpaom bk&m;oufaoudk &jyD;
c&pfawmfukd &oGm;Muolrsm;vnf;
&SMd uygonf/
avmuDom;taygif;udk
cspfaombk&m;
,aeYbk&m;&Sif\ tHHhMo
bG,o f ufaoESihf rprIukd cHpm;cGihf
&SdaeygvsufESifh aysmufaomom;
uJo h Ydk tztdrEf iS hf a0;aomt&yfü
&Sdaeygovm;/ tcsKdUu toif;
awmfoYdk tygwfpOf vmaeygvsuf
ESifh pdwfu tjcm;ae&mü &Sdae
wwfonf/ tvkyfü? pD;yGm;a&;
vkyfief;ü? pm;a&;aomufa&;ü?
rdom;pkta&;udpörsm;ü pdwfu
a&mufaewwfonf/ xkdokdYjzpf
aeygu bk&m;ocif\ tHMh obG,f
oufaoudk cHpm;Ekdifaom tcGifh
ta&; &SdaeygvsufESifh &HI;edrfhae
rnfjzpfonf/ tHhMobG,fouf
aoESifh bk&m;EIwfuywfawmfudk
Mum;ae&ygvsuf xkdt&mwkdYonf
twdwfujzpfcJhaom t&mrsm;
jzpfonf/ ,aeYrjzpfEkdifyg[k ,l
qaeygovm;/ ,aeY c&pfawmf
u igonf touf&SifaomMumifh
oifwkdYonfvnf; &Sifvdrfhrnf[k
rdeaYf wmfryl gonf/ c&pfawmfonf
w&m;oufoufudkom ay;aom
t&Sifr[kwfyg/ arwåmESifhwJGzuf
í aus;Zl;jyKaeaomt&Sif? jzpf
ygonf/ ,aeY uREyfk w f o Ydk nf c&pf
,mefr[kwfí bk&m;ocifESifh r
qkdif[k rrSwf,lygESifh/ vlrSefvQif
tm;vHk; bk&m;ocifESifh pyfqkdifyg
onf/ crnf;awmfbk&m;u tMuH
tpnfawmfESifhtnD avmuDom;
taygif;wkdYukd cspfawmfrlí om;
awmfudk pGefUYawmfrlonf/ om;
awmfonfvnf; avmuDom;t
aygif;wkdYudk cspfawmfrlí rdrdt
oufawmfudk pGefYawmfrlygonf/
toufawmfudkpGefYjyD;rS aojcif;ü
vrf ; qH k ; oG m ;ygu uREk f y f w k d Y t
wGuf tusKd;r&Sdyg/ okdYaomf c&pf
awmfonf aojcif;udak tmifí&Sif
jyefxajrmufjyD;rS tHhMobG,fwef
cdk;awmfESifhrpvsuf aus;Zl;jyKae
aomt&Sif jzpfawmfrlygonf/ c
rnf;awmf bk&m;&Siftcsdefumv
uvnf; xkdokdYao&mrS jyefí &Sif
jyefxajrmufcahJ om oufao&Syd g
onf/ (3&m?17)wGif tpmacgif;
yg;aom tcsed u f mvü ya&mzuf
{vd,tm; rkqkd;rwpfOD;xH ap
vTwyf gonf/ xkrd q k ;dk ronfvnf;
aemufqHk;pm;p&m rkefYnufvuf
wpfqyk Ef iS hf qDtenf;i,fom &Syd g
onf/ xkdvufusefudkpm;jyD; ao
zkdYjyifqifaecsdefü {vd,a&muf
vmjyD; {vd,pum;twkdif; OD;pGm
rkefYjym;udk zkwfíauR;ojzifh {vd
,? xkrd qk ;kd rESiohf m;wko Yd nf tk;d ü
&Sdaom rkefYnufrukef Al;ü&Sdaom
qDravsmhbJ tifwefumvygwf
vHk; 0pGmpm;&Muygonf/ okdYjyD;rS
rkqkd;r\om;onf jyif;pGmaom
tema&m*gpJ G í touf c sKyf y g
onf/ xkt d cg ya&mzuf{vd,u
oifo h m;udk ightm;ay;avmh[k qkd
vsuf rdrdae&mtxufcef; okdY
aqmifoGm;jyD;vQif bk&m;ocifü
page 2
qkawmif;ojzifh oli,ftm; jyef
í touf&SifapjyD; trdütyf
avonf/ ,aeY xdktjzpftysuf
rsm;udk Mum;aomoltaygif;u
twdwforkdif;aMumif;\ jzpf&yf
[kqkdMuEkdifaomfvnf; c&pfawmf
onftMhH obG,t f rIukd ,aeYjyKeidk f
aomt&Sif jzpfygonf/ q,fESpf
ESpf aoG;oGeftempJGaom rdef;rü
ol\,HMk unfjcif;aMumifh uk, d uf m
,ü oufaoudkcHpm;ap&HkrQru
ud, k af wmfonf olt Y m; EIwx f uG f
*wd p um;ud k v nf ; Mum;apyg
onf/
]]ukd,fawmfuvnf; igh
orD ; ? oif \ ,H k M unf j cif ; onf
oifhtemudk jidrf;apjyD? jidrf0yf
pG m oG m ;avmh / a&m*gES d y f p uf
jcif ; ES i f h uif ; vG w f a p[k rd e f Y
awmf r l \ }}
(rm? 5;34)/
bk&m;ocifonf twdwf
uom tHMh obG,t f rIrsm;udk jyKí
touf&Sifaombk&m; r[kwfyg/
,aeY? raeY? aemifumvwkdif r
ajymif;rvJ touf&Sifvsuf &Sd
awmfrlaomt&Sif jzpfawmfrlyg
onf/ xkdt&Sifu igonf uyf
urÇmukefonfhwkdifatmif oifwkdY
ESit hf wl tpOfrjywf&rdS nf[k *wd
xm;ygonf/ w&m;udk tajcxm;
í BuKd ;pm;touf&iS af omolonf
w&m;\tusKd;udk cHpm;&rnfjzpf
aomfvnf; uHydí rcsdjzpfvm
onfhtcg w&m;u rwwfEkdifyg/
arwåmawmf&iS f bk&m;ocifuom
vQif uHydí rcsdatmifjzpfae&
aomtajcqkd;? tyg,fwdk;&rnfh
tjzpfrS u,fwifEkdifaom t&Sif
jzpfygonf/ aus;Zl;awmf csD;rGrf;
jcif;,Zfyal Zmfonf[q k &dk mü aus;
Zl;wifp&mudk pOf;pm;jyD;rS bk&m;
ocifudk jyefvnf aus;Zl;wifí
xkwfazmf0efcHjcif; jzpfygonf/
bk&m;ocif\ oufaoudk
cHpm;zkdY&ef
]]xkdYaMumifhþrQavmuf
rsm;pGmaom oufaotaygif;
wkdYonf igwkdYudk 0ef;&Hvsuf&Sd
Muonf j zpf í igwk d Y o nf cyf
odrf;aom0efwkdYudk4if;? aESmuf
,Sufwwfaom 'kp&kdufudk4if;
y,f & S m ;í? igwk d Y r suf a rS m uf ü
xm;aomyef ; wH k ; wk d i f o k d Y a &muf
jcif;iSm tm;ravsmhbJ ajy;Mu
uk e f t H h } }
(a[ 12;1)/
wrefawmfMuD;u xkdtm
rcHcsufudk &&SdcHpm;xm;ygonf/
udk,fawmf\oufaorsm;udk t
oufwmü &&Sdxm;jyD; pdwfcsaeyg
onf/ xko d ufaoudk vlwidk ;f cHpm;
zk&Yd ef uk,d af wmfu ay;vkyd gonf/
rdrdtjypfrsm;udk 0efcsí aemifw
ESvHk;om;ESifh wkd;0ifvsuf udk,f
awmftm; toufwmü ,HkMunf
vufcHygu tjypfvGwfjcif; ouf
aoudk cHpm;&rnfjzpfygonf/ t
jypfvw G jf cif;oufaoudk r&aom
olu aocgeD;tcsed üf aMumuf&UHG rI
aMumifh vl;vSdrfhaeygonf/ tjypf
vGwfjcif;oufaoudk &&Sdxm;ol
onf aojcif;udkraMumufyg/ t
wGif;oufaou tyg,fvm;&
rnfhta&;twGufrylbJ pdwfat;
aeygonf/ taMumif;rSm om;
awmfudk &aomolonf touf
udk&\[laom *wdawmfu pdwf
csrIudk jzpfapygonf/ ,ck b0ü
cHpm;&rnfh *wdawmfrsm;ESihf ygwf
oufí oufaoudk &xm; aom
olonf wrvGeftwGuf cHpm;&
rnfh*wdawmfESifh tmrcHcsufrsm;
tay:üvnf; oHo,r&Syd g/ om;
awmfukd ,HMk unfaomolonf ao
vGeaf omfvnf; &Si&f rnfjzpfonf/
xkd&Sifoefjcif;onf ocFg&u@
oHo&mxJü &Sio f efrnfr[kwyf g/
xm0&u@ bk&m;ocif\tdrf
awmfü &Sifoef&rnfhtcGifhta&;
jzpfonf/ xkdYaMumifh þrQavmuf
rsm;pGmaomoufaorsm;udk qif
jcifyg/ ud,k wf idk cf pH m;&aom ouf
aorsm;jzif&h iS o f efyg/ xko d ufao
rsm; uREyfk w
f tYdk oufwmü rcHpm;
&ao;ygu bk&m;ocif\aumif;
jrwfjcif;udk cHpm;&zkdY&ef jrnf;prf;
Munfhyg/ bk&m;ocifu ]]ighudk
ac:avmh?igxl;rnf}}[k *wdxm;
ygonf/ bk&m;ocifonf uREkfyf
wkaYd c:onft h cgxl;í rpvko d jzifh
apmifhaeaomt&Sif jzpfygonf/
td r f a ep&mr&S d j zpf a eygovm;?
pm;p&mr&Sdjzpfaeygovm;/ a&m
*ga0'emcHpm;&jyD; ukozkdY&ef r&Sd
jzpfaeygovm;/ udk,fawmfudk
ajymyg/ toJuifqmjzpfaomnD
tpfudkwpfOD; ukoaysmufuif;zkdY
&ef q&m0efrwwfEkdifaomfvnf;
,HkMunfolrsm;? toif;vlMuD;rsm;
qkawmif;ay;jcif;tm;jzifh tHhMo
bG,o f ufaoudk cHpm;&jy;D aysmuf
uif;cGifh&cJhonf/ xkdnDtpfudk t
oufwmü r*Fvm&Sad omoufao
udk cHpm;cJh&onfjzpfí tjcm;ol
rsm; toJuifqma0'emjzpfygu
bk&m;&Sif wwfEkdifawmfrlaMumif;
udk uk, d af wGo
Y ufaoESihf a0iStm;
ay;Ekid rf nf jzpfonf/ bk&m;ocif
onf uREkfyfwkdYESifhtwl&Sd&HkrQru
bk&m;ocif\oufaoonfvnf;
uREkfyfwkdYü&Sdygonf/ tjcm;wkdif;
EdkifiHrsm;üum; xkdokdYr[kwfyg/
ynm&Sdonf/ aiG&SdMuonf/ okdY
aomf olwkdYtoufwmü bk&m;
ocifu aemufq;kH üom&Sad eonf
[k qkd&rvdkjzpfaeayonf/ olwkdY
toufwmü rdrdwkdYOmPfudkom
trSDjyKí touf&SifaeMuonf/
cJ,Of;jcif;onf tr*Fvmr[kwf
yg/ cJ,Of;jcif;tm;jzifh bk&m;ocif
udk ac:zkdY&ef tcGifh&MujyD; udk,f
awmf\oufaoudk cHpm;Ekid o f nf
jzpfí r*Fvmjzpfygonf/ qif;&J
jcif;? cJ,Of;jcif;trIwaYdk Mumifh pdwf
ysufNiD;jiL;aejcif;onf avmu
obm0udk tm½HkpkdufaeMuí jzpf
ygonf/ xkdYaMumifh uREkfyfwkdYonf
avmuDobm0udk tm½Hpk u kd í
f t
ouf&SifaeMu&mrSajymif;í 0dOm
Pobm0 avmukwå&mu@udk
tm&Hkpkdufí touf&SifMujcif;
tm;jzifh bk&m;ocif\oufao
udk cHpm;EkdifMuzkdY&ef arwåmESifht
oday; a0iSvkduf&ygonf/
emrawmfjrwfü
nDtpfudkBuD;DrwifarmifxGef;
page 3
 ]]a,½k&SvifNrdKUteD;odkY
csOf ; í oH v G i f a wmif a jc&if ; ü
Aufzma*&GmodkY a&mufMuaom
tcg a,½I o nf wynf h a wmf
ES p f a ,muf w k d Y u d k apvT w f í
oif w d k Y a &S h ü &S d a om&G m od k Y oG m ;
Mu/ xdk&Gmü csnfaESmifvsuf&Sd
aomjrnf ; rES i f h jrnf ; uav;
ud k oif w d k Y o nf csuf j cif ; awG Y
vdrfhrnf/ jrnf;BudK;udk jznfí
ighxHodkY aqmifcJhMu/ olwyg;
onf oifwdkYtm; wpfpHkwpfck
udkqdkvQif ociftvdk&Sdonf[k
jyef a jymMuavmh / xd k o d k Y ajym
vQif xd k o l o nf csuf j cif ; ay;
vdkufrnf[k rSmxm;awmfrl\/
xd k t aMumif ; t&mum; ...
ya&mzuf \ EI w f x G u f j ynf h p H k
rnf h taMumif ; jzpf o wnf ; /}}
(róJ 2 1;55)
txufygusrf;pum;wGif
ocifa,½Ionf rdrdwynfh ESpf
a,muftm; ta&SU&Gmü &Sdaom
jrnf;rESihf jrnf;uav;udk ,lz&Ykd ef
apvTwo f nfuakd wG&Y onf/ ocif
trdefYtwdkif;oGm;Mu&mwGif csnf
aESmifvsuf&Sdaomjrnf;rESifhjrnf;
uav;udak wGí Y jrnf;BuKd ;udk jznf
aepOfwiG f xdt k &yfü &Sad omolt
csdKUwdkYu tb,faMumifh jrnf;BudK;
udk jznfoenf;[kqdkvQif udk,f
awmfrSmxm;awmfrlonftwdkif;
ociftvk&d o dS nf[k wynfah wmf
wdkYonf jyefajymonfhtcg xdkol
wdkYu tcGifhay;Muygonf/
udk,fawmftwGuf
taumif;qHk;udkay;yg
txuf t aMumif ; t&m
udk uREkfyfwdkYqifjcifonfhtcg w
ynfah wmfwo Ykd nf ociftrdeaYf wmf
twdkif;oGm;Muovdk? ocifajym
cdkif;onfhtwdkif; ajymMuonfudk
awG&Y onf/ xdt k cg ocifred aYf wmf
rlonfhtwdkif;jrnf;udk ydkif&Sifu
ay; vdkufygonf/ jrnf;&Sifonf
jrnf;udk ausauseyfeyfESifh udk,f
awmf toH;k jyKz&Ykd ef ay;vdu
k o
f nf/
ocifa,½IxHawmfodkY jrnf;u
av;a&muf&Sdvmonfhtcg udk,f
awmfpD;íaumif;zdkY? oufawmifh
oufom&SdzdkY&ef wynfhawmfwdkYu
rdrdwdkYt0wfrsm;udk jrnf;ausm
ay:odYk wifMuygonf/ Ny;D rS ud, k f
awmfonf jrnf;udk pD;awmfrlyg
onf/ wynfhawmfwdkYonf xdkodkY
jyKzdkY&ef rnfolrQwdkufwGef;í r
[kwfyg/ udk,fawmftwGuf jzpf
vQif rdrdwdkYtaumif;qHk;vkyfay;
vdkonfqdkonfh twGif;tm½kH\
ESv;kH om;u ay:xGuv f monft h (rm11;1-8) þae&mwGif yg0ifrYI
jyKtrljzpfonf/ wynfah wmfwu Ykd
xdkodkYjyKMuaomaMumifh tjcm;ol
rsm;twGuf vkyfp&m r&Sdawmh[k
jrifp&m&Sad omfvnf; ud, k af wmft
wGufjzpfygu tpOfvkyfay;p&m
&Sad eygonf/ tjcm;aomolrsm;u
jrnf;ausmay:ü wynfhawmfwdkY
t0wfukd wifí rdrw d wYkd ifp&mr&Sd
awmhyg[k tjypfwifraeyg/ rdrd
wdtYk 0wfrsm;udk ud,
k af wmf<uvm
rnfhvrf;ü cif;Muonfudk awGU&
onf/ wynfhawmfwdkY jrnf;ausm
ay:rSm cif;aomt0wfrsm;u r
npfywfEidk af omfvnf; ,ck vlrsm;
vrf;ücif;Muaomt0wfrsm;u
zkefrsm;? oJrsm;jzifh npfayEkdifyg
onf/ odaYk omf ud,k af wmftwGuf
ay;&onfudk 0rf;ajrmufNyD; aus
eyfpmG jyKMuonfuakd wG&Y onf/ xdk
ae&mwGif tcsKd Uaomolrsm;u t
0wftpm;r&Sad wmhívm;rod?c&pf
awmf<uvmrnfhvrf;wavsmuf
wGif cif;Muonfudk awGY&onf/
u@tm;jzif h rwl n D M uaomf
vnf; wlnDaomt&mrSm udk,f
awmftwGuf rdrdwdkY wwfEkdiforQ
vkyfay;vdkonfhESvHk;om; jzpfay
onf/ xdaYk Mumifh uREyfk w f t Ykd ouf
wmüvnf; udk,fawmftwGuf yg
0ifvykd gu tjcm;olrsm;ESirhf wGuf
uyfyJ yg0ifEdkifaom u@rsm;pGm
&So
d nfukd odjrifoifyh gonf/ ud, k f
awmftwGufjzpfygu taumif;
qH;k yg0ifvakd omESv;kH om;udk ud, k f
awmfu todtrSwfjyKygonf/
ud, k af wmf<uvm&mvrf;wavsmuf
wGif vltyk Bf u;D u a&SUaemufvu kd f
ygvmMuygonf/ xdo k Ykd vdu
k yf gvm
&if;ESifh udk,fawmf jyKcJhaomthHMo
bG,ferdwfvu©Pmrsm;? aus;Zl;
jyKrrYI sm;udk qifjcifa&wGuí f a[m
&S@jzpfapownf;/ xm0&bk&m;
tcGifhESifh <uvmawmfrlaomol
onf r*Fvm&Sdapownf;[k csD;
rGrf;a<u;aMumfMuygonf/ ,aeY
uREyfk w f EYkd v
S ;kH om;xJü bk&m;ocif
\aumif;jrwfjcif;? aus;Zl;jyKjcif;
rsm;wdkYudk a&wGufMuygu tpOf
csD;rGrf;EkdifMurnfjzpfonf/ uREfkyf
wdkYtoufwmü bk&m;&Sif\aus;
Zl;awmfudk a&wGufcsD;rGrf;jcif; t
oufwmr&Syd gu tqH;k übk&m;&Sif
udk aus;Zl;uef;rdonftxd t
ouf w monf ,d k , G i f ; ysuf p D ;
oGm;Ekid af yonf/ ocifa,½IteD;
tyg;ü vdkufaeaom vltkyfBuD;
udk xdo k cYkd s;D rGr;f zd&Yk ef rnfou l rQ EI;d
aqmfír[kwyf g/
page 4
ESvHk;om;rS xGufvmaom
csD;rGrf;pum;
vltkyfBuD;\csD;rGrf;pum;
xJwGif a[m&S@ jzpfapownf;
[laompum;rSm a[NApJ um; jzpf
ygonf/ t"dyÜg,frSm u,fvTwf
awmf r l y g/ csD ; rG r f ; ygonf [ k
t"dyÜg,f&ygonf/ vltrsm;onf
rnfonfht&mrS u,fvTwfzdkY&ef
udk,fawmfhudk [pfac:aejcif; jzpf
ygoenf;/ xdktcsdefu olwdkYonf
a&mrwdkY\ tkyfcsKyfrIatmufwGif
uRecf aH e&í vGepf mG yifyef; qif;&J
Muonf/ xdkodkYcHpm;ae&í ya&m
zuftqufqufwdkY a[majymae
onfhar&Sd,udk olwdkYu arQmfvifh
aeMujcif;jzpfonf/ c&pfawmfjyK
aomtHhMobG,ftrIrsm;wdkYudk jrif
onft h cg olwaYkd pmifah rQmaf eaom
ar&S, d onf ud, k af wmfjzpfaMumif;
udk odoGm;Muojzifh olwdkYcHae&
aomqif;&J'ku©rS u,fvTwfzdkY&ef
atmf[pfaeMujcif;? csD;rGrf;aeMu
jcif ; jzpf y gonf / xm0&bk & m;
tcGifhESifh <uvmawmfrlaomol
onf r*Fvm&Sdapownf;[k qdk
aeMujcif;rSmvnf; BudKwifya&m
zufjyKxm;onfhtwdkif; jynhfpHkae
Ny[ D q
k akd eMujcif;jzpfygonf/ ud, k f
awmfonf xm0&bk&m;tcGifhESifh
<uvmawmfrlaom ar&Sd,jzpf
aMumif;udk olwo Ykd nf OD;aESmuft
odtm;jzifhomru ESvHk;om;rS
trSefwu,f odjrifcHpm;,HkMunf
MuaomaMumifh olwdkY\csD;rGrf;
atmf[pfoHu ESvHk;om;rS xGuf
vmaom pum;vH k ; rsm;jzpf M u
onf/ ,aeY uREyfk w f Ykd toufwm
üvnf; udk,fawmfudk u,fwif
ydkif&SifESifh ociftjzpf ESvHk;om;rS
trSefwu,f oabmaygufem;
vnfjyD;? ,HkMunfaeMuolrsm;jzpf
zdkY vdktyfygonf/ vlxkBuD;\,Hk
MunfarQmfvifhjcif;u ocifa,½I
onf olwdkYtm; uRefb0rS u,f
EIwfí 'g0d'f\EkdifiHü &Sifbk&ift
aeESifh eef;xdkifrnfhtajctaet
xd ,H k M unf a rQmf v if h x m;Muyg
onf/ xdrk Qru aumif;uifb0*f
0,fbkef;BuD;apownf;[k qdkae
Mujcif;rSmvnf; udk,fawmfonf
ajrBuD;ay:ü uRefb0rS rdrdwdkYudk
a&G;EIwu f ,fwif,rkH Qru aumif;
uifbHkxdwdkifatmif cHpm;&rnfh
tmrcHcsuu f kd ay;rnft
h &Sit f jzpf
,HMk unfaeMujcif;jzpfonf/ uREyfk f
wdt
Yk oufwmüvnf; bk&m;ocif
udk cs;D rGr;f Muonft
h cg ud,
k af wmf
onf ,ckb0tmrcHcsufomru
aemifwrvGeftxd uREkfyfwdkYudk ydkY
aqmifay;NyD; ,ckb0? aemifb0
ESpfu@pvHk;twGuf Nidrfouf
0rf;ajrmufjcif;udk cHpm;aprnfht
&SifjzpfaMumif; ESvHk;om;u od
rSwfí touf&SifMuzdkY&ef jzpfyg
onf/ xdkodkYtvdkiSm udk,fawmf
onf tvdkawmf&Sdygonf/ ocif
a,½I\avmu<uvmjcif;onf
BudKwifí ESpfaygif;rsm;pGm ya&m
zufjyKxm;csufrsm;ESifhtnD jynfh
pHv
k mjcif;jzpfygonf/ wynfah wmf
ESpfOD;\ emcHjcif;tm;jzifh ya&m
zufjyKcsufrsm;onf NyD;jynfpHkvm
ouJhodkY uREkfyfwdkYtoufwmü
vnf; bk&m;ocif\tvdkawmf
ESifhtnD emcHí touf&Sifygu
emcHí touf&Sifolrsm;tay:ü
xm;aom bk&m;ocif\*wdawmf
jynfhpHkcsufrsm;udk awGYjrifcHpm;&
rnfjzpfonf/ xdek nf;wl qd;k aom
toufwmü &Sifoefyguvnf;
bk&m;ocifudk rxDrJhjrifjzpfí t
ouf&iS o f w
l t
Ykd ay:ü oufa&muf
rnfb h &k m;ocif\ owday;pum;
twdkif; qdk;usdK;tr*Fvmudk cHpm;
&rnf jzpfonf/ ,aeY uREkfyfwdkY
rnfot Ykd ouf&iS af eMuonfukd t
av;*½kjyKMuzdkY vkdtyfygonf/
tvdkawmfESifhtnD
touf&Sifyg
bk&m;ocif\tvdkawmf
onf jynfhpHkí vlwdkYEIwfxJu csD;
rGr;f a<u;aMumforH sm;udk jyKMuonfh
tcg udk,fawmfonf 0rf;ajrmuf
aomfvnf; pmwefrmewfESifh t
aygif;tygwdkYu ESpfoufauseyf
jcif; r&Sdyg/ vltpkta0;üygvm
aomzm&d&SJtcsdKUwdkYonf vlxku
xdkodkY jyKaeonfudk rauseyfyg/
xdaYk Mumifh t&Sib
f &k m;? ud,k af wmf
\wynfhawmfwdkYudk qHk;ryg[k qdk
vQif a,½Iu þolwdkYonf wdwf
qdwpf mG aevQif ausmufcw J o Ykd nf
csufcsif;a<u;aMumfMuvdrfhrnf[k
rdefYawmfrlygonf/ (vkum?19;39
-40) ocifa,½Ionf a,½k&v S if
NrdKUwGif;odkY a&muf&SdvmNyD;aemuf
AdrmefawmfodkY 0ifa&mufygonf/
Adrmefawmfonf bk&m;ocifudk
0wfjyKu;kd uG,zf &Ykd efEiS hf rdr0d efxw k f
rsm;udkcsxm;NyD; udk,fawmfudk qk
awmif;yXemjyK&mt&yf jzpfyg
onf/ ,aeY uREkfyfwdkYonfvnf;
bk&m;&Sifudk 0wfjyKudk;uG,fzdkY&ef
a&mufvmonfhtcg rdrdwdkYü&Sdo
rQaom0efxw k rf sm;udk csxm;zdYk vdk
ygonf/ ocifa,½Ionf Adrmef
awmfodkY 0ifa&mufvmonfhtcg
wd&pämefwdkYudk a&mif;0,faomol
rsm;? aiGvJvS,faomolrsm;udk
awGjY rifawmfrv l Qif ightrd u
f kd vlt
rsd K ;rsd K ;wd k Y qk a wmif ; &mtd r f [ k
ac:a0:MuvwåH[k usrf;pmvm
aomfvnf; oifwo Ykd nf xdt
k rd u f kd
"m;jywGif; jzpfapMuNyDwum;[k
qHk;rMo0g'ay;,HkrQru a&mif;
0,faomolwkdYudk ESifxkwfí? csdK;
iSuf a&mif;aomolwkdY\xdkif&m
udkvnf; wGef;vSJawmfrlygonf/
xdkolwdkY\tjyKtrludk udk,fawmf
ESpo f ufawmfrrlyg/ ,aeY "r®opf
umvwGif Adrmefawmfonf jrif
Ekid af omtaqmufttHk r[kwyf g/
vlwpfOD;onf c&pfawmfudk u,f
wif&Siftjzpf ,HkMunfvufcHygu
0dnmOfawmfonf xdkol\txJü
usdef;0yfawmfrlygonf/ xdktcg
uREyfk w f \ Ykd jrifEidk af om½kycf E¨monf
bk&m;ocif\ 0dnmOfawmfusdef;
0yf&m Adrmefjzpfvmygonf/ (1
aum?6;19) uREkfyfwdkYonf rdrdwdkY
ud, k rf rd w d rYkd ydik yf g/ bk&m;ocifyikd f
awmfryl gonf/ xdaYk Mumifh (1aum?
&;23)wGif
]]oif w d k Y o nf tzd k ; ES i f h
page 5
0,fawmfrlaomoljzpfí vlxH
ü tvdktavsmuf uRefrcHMu
ES i f h / }}
qdkvdkonfrSm uREkfyfwdkYt
BuKd uf pdwx f iftwdik ;f avmuBu;D
xJü toufr&Sio f ifMh uyg/ bk&m;
ocif\Adrmefawmfonf oefY&Sif;
&rnf/ qkawmif;yXemjyK&mt&yf
a'ojzpf&rnf/ avmuDqefpGm
wd&pämefrsm;udk a&mif;0,fvsuf?
aiGvJvS,fvsuf touf&Sifae
jcif;udk udk,fawmftvdkawmfr&Sd
yg/ udk,fawmfonf Adrmefawmfü
tvdkawmfESifhrnDaom t&mrsm;
udk z,f&Sm;í? oefY&Sif;rIUudk jyKjyD;
vQif rsufaphuef;aomol? ajcr
pGrf;aomolwdkYudk tema&m*gNidrf;
apí edrdwfvu©Pm? tHhMobG,f
aomtrIrY sm;udk jyKygonf/ (róJ
21;14) xdkenf;wl uREkfyfwdkYt
oufwmü bk&m;ocif\wefcdk;
awmf? tHhbG,faomtrIYwdkYudk jrif
awGv Y ykd gu toufwmonf oefY
&Sif;jcif;&SdzdkY vdkovdk? tvdkawmf
ESithf nD touf&iS af eMuzdYk vdt k yf
ygonf/
udk,fawmf\pum;ESifh
tnD jynfhpHkí
ocifa,½Ionf Adrmef
awmfoYkd 0ifa&muf&mwGif oef&Y iS ;f
&mXmeESifh toefY&Sif;qHk;XmexJ
odkY 0ifa&mufjcif; r&Sdyg/ Adrmef
awmf uem;jyifwpf0u kd üf om oGm;
vmí thzH , G af omtrIrY sm;udk jyKchJ
jcif; jzpfygonf/ taMumif;rSm oefY
&Sif;&mXmeESifh toefY&Sif;qHk;Xme
odkY 0ifa&muf&ef aemufwzef<u
vmawmfrlrnfjzpfí jzpfygonf/
udk,fawmfjyKaomedrdvu©PmESifh
tHhMobG,f trIYt&mrsm;aMumifh
vltrsm;onf udk,fawmfaemuf
awmfodkY vdkufí wpfnDwpfñGwf
wnf; csD;rGrf;vsuf aeMuaomf
vnf; usrf;jyKq&mESifhzm&d&SJwdkYu
udk,fawmfudk tvdkr&Sdyg/ olwdkY\
pdwx f üJ rausreyf? jiLplaompdwf
&SdaeMuygonf/ xdkYaMumifh olwdkY
onf udk,fawmfxHawmfodkY csnf;
uyfMuvQif ud, k af wmfonf olwYkd
udk Munfhí idka<u;awmfrlNyD;vQif
tcsif;NrdKU oif\Nidrfoufjcif;ESifh
pyfqdkifaomt&mwdkYudk oif\
vufxuf ,ckumvü od&vQif
r*Fvm&S\ d / ,ckru l m; xdt k &mwdYk
udk oif\rsufapha&SUrSm rxifr
&Sm;apjcif;iSm 0Swx f m;aMumif; rdeYf
awmfrlygonf/ (vk19;42) ,aeY
uREyfk w
f t Ykd oufwmü bk&m;ocif
a&SUawmfü rdrw d t Ykd oufwmudk ppf
aq;NyD; tvdkawmfESifhrnDaomt
ouf&iS rf rYI sm;udk jrifí tcsed rf jDS yif
qifMuzdYk ud, k af wmftvdak wmf&ydS g
onf/ odkYr[kwfygu bk&m;ocif
onf xdkoltm; Munfhjrifí 0rf;
enf;jcif;&Sdawmfrlrnf jzpfonf/
udk,fawmfonf a,½k&SvifNrdKUol
NrdKUom;rsm;tm; qufí owday;
onfrSm xdkodkY qufí touf&Sif
aeMuygu oif\ud, k ?f oif\om;
orD;wdu Yk kd ajrESiw hf pfnw D nf; jzpf
apNy;D ausmufwpfcak y:rSm wpfck
rQxyfqifhí rusef&pfapjcif;iSm
jyKaomtcsed u f mva&mufrnf[k
owday;ygonf/ (vkum19;44)
udk,fawmfonf t&mcyfodrf;udk
BudKwifí odjrifawmfrlonfht
wdkif; xkdpum;udk at'D(30)0ef;
usiw f iG f ajymMum;jcif;jzpfNy;D ? at
'D(70) a&mufvmonft h cg a&mr
AdkvfcsKyfwdkufwyfpf\ vufcsuf
jzifh NzdKcszsufqD;jcif;cH&NyD; jymyHk
b0odYk a&muf&o Sd mG ;cJo
h nf/ ud,
k f
awmf\tvdak wmfu wpfa,muf
rusef aemifw&NyD; udk,fawmfxH
awmfov Ykd mMuzdjYk zpfygonf/ Muuf
ronf tawmifatmufü rdrd
om;wdkYudk pk&kH;ouJhodkY wpfpkwpf
a0;wnf; &Sad pvdak omfvnf; olwYkd
onf rpka0;Muyg/ rdrdwdkYoabm
twdkif; touf&SifMuonf/ (rm?
11;12-14)wGif aAoed&GmrS t
jyefvrf;ü qmrGwfawmfrlojzifh
t&GuEf iS jhf ynfph aHk omoabFmozef;
yifukd jrifawmfryl gonf/ oabFm
ozef;oD; qGwfcsdefra&mufao;
ojzifh toD;udk awGYaumif;awGY
rnf[k rSwf,líoGm;NyD; a&muf
vQif toD;udk rawGo Y jzifh ,ckrpS
í tpOfrjywf oif\toD;udk t
b,folrQrpm;apESifh[k rdefYawmf
rlygonf/ ,aeY uREkfyfwdkYtouf
wmü ud, k af wmfonf bk&m;ocif
tvdak wmfEiS rhf nDaom touf&iS f
rIrsm;udk jrifí aemifw&NyD; ,Hk
Munfjcif;tm;jzifh udk,fawmfxH
awmfodkY vSnfhvmMuzdkY&ef tvdk
awmf&ydS gonf/ xdo k rYkd vSnv
hf mbJ
Zmwdoabmtwdkif; touf&Sif
ygu oabFmozef;yifü udk,f
awmf usdefqdkonfhtwkdif; jynfhpHk
ouJhodkY uREkfyfwdkY\wrvGefb0ü
r,HkMunfjcif;\qdk;usKd;tr*Fvm
udk cHpm;&MuzdkY&Sdygonf/ wynfh
awmfrsm;udk,fwdkif ocifa,&I\
<uvmjcif;? jrnf;uav;udk pD;í
a,&k&SvifNrdKUwGif;odkY 0ifa&muf
vmjcif;? vlrsm;\ a[m&SPjzpf
apownf;[k csD;rGrf;a<u;aMumf
Mujcif;wkdYudk udk,fawmf&Sifjyefx
ajrmufNy;D onfah emufyikd ;f rS xdek uf
eJrrYI sm;udk em;vnfvmvsuf ud, k f
awmfudk ,HkMunfjcif;jzifh touf
&Siv f mMuygonf/ ,aeY uREykf w f Ykd
ta,mufwdkif;udk bk&m;ocif
onf tvdak wmfEiS t hf nD trIw Y pf
ckckudk jyKí yg0ifjcif;jzifh touf
&Sifapvdkygonf/ xdkodkYjyKí ,Hk
Munfjcif;jzifh touf&SifMuygu
aemufq;kH aomaeYwiG f bk&m;ocif
a&SUawmfü pGefyvGHcufudk udkifí
cs;D rGr;f aomvlpük yg0ifvsuf Nird ;f
csrf;jcif;? csrf;omjcif; aus;Zl;udk
cHpm;jyD; txHawmfü tpOftwl
&Scd iG &hf MurnfjzpfMumif; arwåmESihf
today;a0iSvdkuf&ygonf/
emrawmfjrwfü
nDtpfudkOD;uyfcefYckyf
page 6
 cspfaomrdwfaqG?2008
ckEpS u
f dk use;f rmpGmjzwfoef;cGihf ay;
í 2009ckESpfukd 0ifa&mufjcif;
tcGiu hf akd y;aom igwdo Yk cifa,½I
c&pfaus;Zl;awmfonf oifwkdY\
pdw0f nd mOfEiS t hf wlyg&Sad pownf;/
,ckvwGif bk&m;&Sifaz:jyaom
uREkfyfwkdYü tvkd&Sdaomt&mukd
wifjytcGi&hf &Sad omaMumifh bk&m;
ocifonf bkef;BuD;apownf;/
vk d t yf r nf [ k
xif a omt&mrsm;
uREkfyfwkdYonf þavmü
toufwpf&mrae&aomfvnf;
trIwpf&mru MuHKawGUp&mrsm;
&Sdaom vlom;rsm;jzpfyg\/ xkdY
aMumifh wcsKdUrdom;pktwGuf t
vkdtyfqHk;aom t&monf? wpf
a,mufESihfwpfa,muf rac:r
ajym&mrS jyefvnfoifjh rwfNy;D ? jyef
vnfrdwfo[mzGJU&ef jzpfayrnf/
wpfcsKdU tdrfaxmifrsm;twGuf
pm;0wf a ea&;jyóemajyvnf
&ef vpmaumif;aumif;&Ekid af om
tvkyw f pfcu k dk vkt
d yfayvdrrhf nf/
wcsKdUtdrfaxmiftwGuf qkd;oGrf;
aeaom om;orD;rsm; vdr®m vm
a&;onf t"du usayvdrfhrnf/
wpf c sKd U td r f a xmif r sm;twG u f
tdrfiSm;p&dwfvpOfay;&mrS? vGwf
uif;atmif ukd,fykdiftdrfwpfvHk;
ukd vkt
d yfayvdrrhf nf/ wpfcsKUd tdrf
axmif rsm;twGufaeYpOf rl;,pf
&rf;um;aeaom zcifukd,fwkdif
ajymif;vJzkdY vkdtyfayvdrfhrnf/
wpf c sKd U td r f a xmif r sm;twG u f
tjyifxGufwkdif; a<u;&SifESihf awGU
&rSm pdk;&drfí a&Smif&Sm;aeaom
'k u © r S v G w f a jrmuf N yD ; ? ta<u;
uif;aomtouf&Sifwm vdktyf
ayvdrfhrnf/ wpfcsKdUtdrfaxmif
twGuf om;orD;rsm;(10)wef;
wGif wbkef;bkef;usNyD; pdwfnpf
ae&mrS (10)wef;uae uRwo f mG ;
MuzkdY jzpfayvdrfhrnf/ wpfcsKdUtdrf
axmiftwGuf tarGqkdifudpörsm;
aMumifh nDtpfuadk rmifErS csi;f ½k;H
u@rsm;ü trI&ifqkdif&NyD; &ef
olvkd oabmxm;ae&mrS? aus
at;vsuf arwå m jzif h j yef v nf
aygif;pnfzkdYjzpfayrnf/
aMumufp&mtaumif;qHk;aom
touf w m
uRefawmf ppfajrjyifrSm
ppfwkdufaepOf ppfoifwef;wpfck
ü oifMum;&onfrSm a&SUwef;
a&muf &Jrsm;twGuf aMumufp
&m taumif;qHk;aom t&monf
&efolr[kwfyg/ vufeufcJ,rf;
rD ; ausmuf jywf v yf j cif ; vnf ;
r[kwfyg/ pm;eyf&du©m jywfvyf
jcif;vnf; r[kwfyg/ ppfXmecsKyf
ESifh tquftoG,fjywfjcif;om
jzpfygonf/
xkdenf;wlpGmyif ,ckxkdif
vsuf&Sdaom avmuonf ppfajr
jyifuJhokdY jzpfyg\/ uREkfyfwkdYonf
pmwefESifh aumif;uifwref? bk
&m;ocifa&SUü NyddKifyGJ0ifaeaom
olrsm;jzpfyg\/ odaYk omf? uREyfk w
f Ydk
twGuf aMumufp&m taumif;
qH;k aomt&mrSm pmwefr[kwyf g/
tb,faMumifhqkdaomf uREkfyfwdkY
ocifa,&Ionf pmwefudk atmif
cJNh y;D jzpfaomaMumifw h nf;/ uREyfk f
wkt Yd wGuf aMumufp&mtaumif;
qHk;aomt&mrSm pm;0wfaea&;
jyóem? 'ku©qif;&Jjcif;vnf; r
[k w f y g/ vl w k d i f ; aMumuf w wf
aom uifqma&m*grSpí AIDS
tqH;k ? xkad &m*gb,vnf; r[kwf
yg/
uREyfk wf t
Ydk wGuf aMumuf
p&mtaumif;qHk;aom t&mrSm
uREkfyfwdkYXmecsKyfjzpfaom bk&m;
ocifEiS hf rdwo f [m, jywfaejcif;
jzpfygonf/ uREkfyfwkdY,HkMunfol
rsm;\ toufwmonf ylpDazgif;
rQom jzpfyg\/ ylpaD ygif;onf av
r&SdvQif tay:wufzkdY&ef bmrQr
wwfEidk o f uJo h Ydk uREyfk w
f ,
Ydk MkH unf
olrsm;onfvnf; bk&m;rygvQif?
bk&m;ESifh uif;uGmvQif bmrQr
wwfEkdifyg/ xkdYaMumifh uREkfyfwkdY
onf aeYpOfESifhtrQ bk&m;ocif
ESifh¤if;? om;awmfa,½Ic&pfESifh
¤if;? rdó[m,rysuf&atmif
owdjyKum aexkdiftouf&Sif&
ayrnf (1a,m? 1;3)/
okjYd zpfí cspaf omrdwaf qG
bk&m;ocifESifhrdwfo[m, ysuf
apaom 'kp&kdufrsm;ukd a&Smif&Sm;
&ayrnf/ 'kp&kdufonfomvQif
bk&m;ocifESifh uREkfyfwkdYtMum;
uif;uGmapaom t&mjzpfav\
(a[&Sm,? 59;1-2)/ aeYpOft
oufwmrSm ,HkMunfolrsm;ESifh
rdwfo[m,zGJUvsuf wpfa,muf
ESifhwpfa,muf wkdufwGef;tm;
ay;jcif;tm;jzifh cGeftm;&,lzkdY
vkdygonf/ (a[jAJ? 10;24-25)/
xkdYtjyif tcsif;csif;zdkY qkawmif;
ay;&ef vdt k yfygonf (zd? 4;6-7)/
cspaf omrdwaf qG? oifonf bk&m;
ocifESifh rSefuefpGm touf&SifzkdY?
wpfOD;csif; bk&m;ocifESifh tcsdef
,ljcif; rysufuGufygapESifh/
xk d a Mumif h uREk f y f w k d Y , H k
Munforl sm;onf bk&m;a&SUrSm ajc
wpfvSrf;rQ rvSrf;rdatmif owd
jyK&rnf/ wpfcgu bk&m;ocif
onf pdwfckdifaom £oa&vvl
wkdYESifh ywfoufí trsufxGuf
aomtcg arma&Stm; rdefYrSmcJh
page 7
aompum;rSm EkdYESifhysm;&nfpD;
aomjynfodkY oifwkdYukdykdYaqmif
vdrfhrnf/ oifwdkYESifhtwl igukd,f
wkdifroGm;/ oifwkdYonf vnfyif;
cdkifrmaomol jzpfaomaMumihf
vrf;üoGm;pOf oifwkdYukd igzsuf
qD;rnf/ pkd;&drfp&m&Sdonf[k arm
a&Stm; rdeaYf wmf\ (xGu?f 33;3)/
]]wzefarma&Su? ukd,f
awmf w k d i f r oG m ;vQif tuREk f y f
wk d Y u k d þt&yf r S yk d Y a qmif
awmf rrl y gES i f h } }
(xGuf? 33;15)
[laomtcsuo f nf uREyfk w f t
Ydk m;
vH;k twGuf twk,pl &maumif;vS
ay\/ wpfcgu c&pfawmfonf
oltaocH&rnfhaMumif;ukd rdefYqkd
aomtcg wynf h a wmf r sm;wk d Y
onf uk, d af wmfEiS rhf aygif;azmfbJ
qkwfoGm;Mu\/ xkdaMumifh a,½I
onf wpfusdyfESpfyg;aom olwkdY
tm; oifwkdYonfvnf; xGufoGm;
jcif;iSm?tvkdMu&Sdoavm[k ar;
awmfrlaomtcg &Sdrkefayw&k u
ocif? uREkfyfwkdYonf tb,fol
xHoYdk oGm;&ygrnfenf;/ xm0&t
ouf E S i f h ,S O f a ompum;onf
ukd,fawmfüwnfyg\[k ajzMum;
ouJo h Ydk ,aeY,MkH unforl sm;onf
vnf; ukd,fawmfxHu vGJvQif
oGm;p&m tjcm;vrf;r&Sdyg (a,m?
6;66-68)/
uREk f y f w k d Y ü
tvk d & S d a omt&m
trSew f u,f uREyfk w f t
Ydk
vkd&Sdaeaomt&monf txuf
aumif;uifü¤if;? ajrBuD;ay:ü
¤if;? &Sad omt&mow¦Krsm; r[kwf
yg/ qmvHq&mu ukd,fawmfrS
wpfyg; aumif;uifbrkH mS tuREyfk f
ü tb,fol&Sdygoenf;/ ukd,f
awmfukd tvkd&SdonfESifhtrQ ajr
Bu;D ay:rSm tuREyfk o
f nf tb,f
tvk&d ydS goenf; (qmvH? 73-25)/
rSefvSyg\/ uREkfyfwdkYü ukd,fawmf
om&SdvQif udpötvHk;pHkwkdYonf NyD;
pD;Ekdifyg\/ ukd,fawmfom&SdvQif
tvkdqE´onf jynfhpHkEkdifygrnf/
wpfcgu armifvmZ&kaoqHk;csdef
ü rmoajymaompum;rSm ]]ocif
ukd,fawmf&SdawmfrlvQif uRefr\
armifraoyg\/ ,ckaovsuf&Sd
aomfvnf; ukd,fawmfonf bk
&m;ocif u k d qk a wmif ; awmf r l
orQtwkdif; bk&m;ocifay;awmf
rlrnfudk uRerf odyg\[k avQmuf
av\ (a,m? 11;21-22)/
cspfaom "r®rdwfaqGrsm;?
uREyfk wf üYdk vkad omt&monf uk, d f
awmfom jzpfyg\/ rmoajymo
uJhokdY udk,fawmfom&SdcJhvQif olY
armif raoyg/ rdwfaqGtouf
wmüvnf; udk,fawmfom&SdvQif
qHk;½IH;jcif;rS atmifjrifjcif;ukd &
Ekdifyg\/ wpfcgu wynfhawmf
rsm;ES i f h t wl uk d , f a wmf o nf
tkdifwpfzufokdYul;MupOf jyif;pGm
aom rkd;oufavrkefwkdif;jzpfí
vIdif;wykd;cwfaomaMumifh avS
onf a&ESifhjynfhav\/ udk,f
awmfonf yJh\acgif;tHk;ay:rSm
used ;f pufí aeawmfr\ l / odaYk omf
avSü ukd,fawmftwlyg&Sdaom xufygaw;twkdif; uREkfyfwkdYü
aMumifh xkdrkefwkdif;rS ab;vGwf& tvkt d yfq;kH aomt&monf ocif
aomtcGiu hf dk &Mu\(rmuk? 5;35- a,½I ukd,fawmfomjzpfyg\/ xkdY
40)/ "r®aw;q&mwpfa,muf aMumifh vmrnft h em*wf twGuf
u þuJo h Ykd "r®aw;ukd pyfqx
dk m; pd k ; &d r f p &m? aMumuf ½ G U H p &mrsm;
yg\/ rnfrQyif&adS eygap uk, fd af wmfom
uREkfyfwkdYESifhtwl &SdcJhvQifb,f
t&mukdrQ ylaqG;p&mr&Sdyg/ xkdY
aMumifh aeYpOfESifhtrQ ukd,fawmf
ESifh rdwfo[m,zGJUvsuf usrf;
pmzwf? qkawmif;jcif;tm;jzifh
aeYpOftoufwmudk tpjyKMuyg
pdkY/ {uefpifppf bk&m;ocifonf
uREkfyfwkdYESifhtwl&Sd&ef vkdtyfcsuf
rSm 'kp&du k u
f adk &Smifí okp &duk u
f kd
jyKavmh/ xkdokdYjyKvQif oifwkdYqdk
wwfonftwkid ;f aumif;uifAv dk f
ajct&Sif bk&m;ocif xm0&bk
&m;onf oifwkdYESifhtwl &Sdawmf
à ukd,fawmfukdom ociftpOf rlvdrfhrnf (tmrkwf? 5;14)/
vk d y g/ uk d , f a wmf & S d r S o mvQif þtcsuf o nf o mvQif
pdwfNidrf; at;&m/ uREkfyfwkdYtwGuf tvkd&Sdaomt
à ukd,fawmfukdvkdyg\/ t&Sif &m jzpfownf;/ þaqmif;yg;udk
a,½I/ em&Drjywfvo dk nf/ rpawmf zwf½Iolwkdif; 2009ckESpf wpfESpf
rlyg/ ywfvHk; ukd,fawmfESifhtwl &SdEkdif
ukd,fawmfjrwfonfvkd&if;yif? Muygap/
em&Dwkdif;ckdudk;&/
ckaumif;BuD;ay;? u,fcRwf&Sif? emrawmfjrwfü
ajcawmf&if;vm/ nDtpfudkDraygvfacusdKif;
cspfaom"r®rdwfaqG? t
oufaocHcsuf
oufaocHcGifh&wJhtwGuf aus;Zl;awmfcsD;rGrf;ygw,f/ uRef
awmfEikd if jH cm;udk tvkyaf vsmufzYkd ,ciftvkyu f pm&Gupf mwef;eJY vuf
rSwaf wG vdt k yfcyhJ gw,f/ 'gayrJh 'Dpm&Gupf mwef;awG &zdYk rvG,cf yhJ gbl;/
uRefawmf (8)rdkiftoif;awmf&JUtxl;qkawmif;tpDtpOfrSm ESpfywf
ausmf a&SUxGufqkawmif;cHcJhygw,f/ (6.11.2007)rSm uRefawmfvdk
csifwJh pm&Gufpmwef;awG&&SdcJhygw,f/ 'gwifruao;bJ uRefawmfht
vkyfu vkyftm;cvnf; wdk;ay;cJhygw,f/ ({zuf? 6;11)rSm azmfjy
xm;wJhtwdkif; tm;avsmhpdwfysufjcif;r&SdbJ qkawmif;wJhtay:rSm
tajzay;NyD;rpwJh bk&m;ocif&JUaus;Zl;awmfudk csD;rGrf;&if; oufaocH
ygw,f/
armifoD[ef
page 8
 bk&m;ocifonf touf
&Siaf wmfral ombk&m;jzpfonfom
ru aeYpOf uREkfyfwkdYtm; pum;
ajymvsuf &Syd gonf/ ,aeY bk&m;
ocif uREkfyfwkdYtm; Mum;ajym
aompum;ukd Mum;odjyD; tav;
*&kjyKqifjcif ESvHk;oGif;vQuf t
ouf &Sifrnfqkdygu r*Fvm&Sdyg
onf/
]]oif w k d Y t ay:ok d Y oef Y
&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfqif;
ouf a omtcg oif w k d Y o nf
wef c d k ; ud k c H & í a,&k & S v if j rd K U
rSpaom ,k'jynf? &Srm&djynf
ajrMuD ; pG e f ; wk d i f a tmif ig\
oufaojzpfMuvdrfhrnf[k rdefY
awmf r l \ /}}
(wref 1;8)
xkpd um;onf ocifa,½l
ud,k af wmfwidk f aemufq;kH rdeaYf wmf
rlcJhaompum;jzpfonf/ xkdpum;
udk rdeUf awmfrNl y;D aemuf uk, d af wmf
onf aumif;uifokdY jyefvnf
wuf<uoGm;cJhygonf/ xkdtcsdefü
oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfbk&m;
onf avmuokdY qif;oufawmf
rrlao;yg/ "r®a[mif;umvu
0dnmOfawmfb&k m;onf avmuü
tpOfr&Sdyg/ rdrdtoHk;jyKvkdaom
yk*d¾Kvftay:okdY acwåqif;ouf
<uvmí toHk;jyKNyD;aemuf jyef
vnfwuf<uoGm;ygonf/ ,ck
wGifrl wynfhawmfwkdYtm; 0dnmOf
awmfbk&m;onf þavmuokdY
<uvmí wynfhawmfwkdYESifhtwl
aernfjzpfaMumif; oifwkdYtay:
odkY 0dnmOfawmf oufa&mufvm
aomtcg oifwkdYonf wefckd;udk
&í ig\oufaojzpfrnf[k rdefY
awmfrcl yhJ gonf/
bk&m;ocif\oufao
oef&Y iS ;f aom 0dnmOfawmf
bk&m;avmuodYk <u vmjcif;onf
ud,
k af wmfukd ,HMk unfaom uREyfk f
wkdYonf avmuü ocifbk&m;\
oufaojzpfapzkdY&ef jzpfovkd?
ocifbk&m;\oufaotaeESifh
uREkfyfwkdYudk toHk;jyKzkdY&ef jzpfyg
onf/ bk&m;ocifonf uREkfyfwkdY
tm; avQmufí oufaocHckdif;
onf r[kwfyg/ avmuü bk&m;
ocif\oufaotaeESifh xm;
jcif;jzpfygonf/ (qm?100)wGif
qmvHq&mBuD;u avmuMuD;ü
vljzpfonfomru xm0&bk&m;
\txHawmfü usufpm;aomokd;
pkt0if? xm0&bk&m;\vljzpf&
jcif;twGuf aus;Zl;awmfcsD;rGrf;
xm;ygonf/ vljzpf&onfomru
bk&m;ocifudk od&aomtcGifh
bk&m;ocifESifh eD;uyfpGm ae&jyD;
&if;ESD;uRrf;0ifpGm &Sd&aomtcGifh
onf aus;Zl;awmfaMumifh jzpfyg
onf/ uREyfk w f aYdk exkid &f m &yfuu
G ?f
ygwf0ef;usifü udk,fawmf\ouf
aojzpf z k d Y & ef bk & m;ocif t vk d
awmf&Sdygonf/ uREkfyfwkdYonf rdrd
wkdY&Sdaeonfhae&mü ukd,fawmf\
oufaoudk yDjyifpGm azmfaqmif
EkdifMuyg\avm/ or®musrf;pmudk
uRekfyfwkdYqifjcifonfhtcg bk&m;
ocifonf 'Ha,vudk rdr\ d ouf
aotaeESihf toH;k jyKygonf/ ae
Akc'faeZmrif;MuD;onf eef;pHESpf
ESpw f iG f tdyrf ufukd jrifrufygonf/
xkdtdyfrufaMumifh xdyfvefYjcif;
&Sjd y;D pufawmfrac:Edik af omfvnf;
xkdtdyfrufudk rrSwfrd? tdyfruft
eufudkvnf; em;rvnfojzifh rdrd
jynfrS ynm&Swd uYdk akd c:í tdyrf uf
ESifhtdyfrufteufudk azmfjyapyg
onf/ okdYaomf ynm&Sdtaygif;
onf tdyfrufudk rodojzifh tdyf
rufteufudkvnf; razmfjyEkdif
Muyg/ xkdYaMumifh xkdcufcJaomt
rIudk bk&m;rSwyg; tb,folrQ
razmfxkwfEkdifyg[k rif;BuD;tm;
avQmufxm;vQif rif;MuD;onf
jyif;pGm trsux f u G í f AmAkvek Nf rKd Y
ü &SdorQaom ynm&Sdtaygif;wkdY
udk y,f&Sif;apzkdY&ef rdefYawmfrlyg
onf/ xko d wif;udk 'Ha,vonf
Mum;odvQif eef;awmfo0Ydk ifí tdyf
rufawmfudk ajz&aom aeY&uft
csed u f adk y;zk&Yd ef toem;cHNy;D rS tdrf
okYd jyefí rdrt d azmfwEYdk iS whf uG t
jcm;aomynm&SdwkdYESifhtwl rao
raysmufapjcif;iSm xkdeufeJaom
tdyrf ufawmfukd azmfjyzk&Yd ef bk&m;
ociftm; qkawmif;Muygonf/
nOfhtcg Asm'dwfawmftm;jzifh xkd
eufeJaomt&mudk 'Ha,vtm;
bk&m;ocif abmfjyawmfryl gonf/
xkt d cg 'Ha,vonf a&SUawmfoYdk
0ifí rif;MuD;xH a&mufavaomf
rif;BuD;u rdrdjrifrufaom tdyf
rufukd jyefajymí teufukd azmfjy
Ekid of avm[k ar;awmfrv l Qif euf
eJaomt&mwkdYudk zGifjyawmfrl
aombk&m;ocifonf aumif;uif
bkHü&Sdawmfrl\/ xkdbk&m;\zGifhjy
rIaMumifhom tdyfrufawmfESifht
eufukd rdro d &d &dS aMumif; oufao
cHí tdyfrufawmfESifhteufukd
rif;Mu;D tm; Mum;avQmufygonf/
bk&m;&Sifonf rif;BuD;tm; ouf
aocHEkdifzkdY&ef 'Ha,vtm; toHk;
jyKygonf/ bk&m;&Sio f nf &Sib f &k if
aeAkc'faeZmxHü 'Ha,vtm;
rdrd\oufaotaeESifh xm;jcif;
jzpfonf/ 'Ha,vtm;jzifh bk&if
Mu;D onf bk&m;ociftm; odciG &hf &Sd
oGm;ygonf/ rif;Mu;D onf tdyrf uf
teufudkod cGifh&ojzifh 'Ha,v
tm; AmAkvkefEkdifiHü 0efMuD;t&m
ESifh csD;ajr§mufjyD; udk,fawmf\
bk&m;ocifonf bk&m;wumwkdY
page 9
\bk&m;? bk&ifwumwkdY\t&Sif?
eufeJaomt&mudk zGihfjyawmfrl
aom ocifjzpfawmfrl\[k 0efcH
awmfrlygonf/ okdYygaomfvnf;
bk&m; &Siu
f kd toufwmü cH,u
l ;kd
uG,fjcif; r&Sdao;yg/
csD;ajr§mufjcif;udk jyKí
bk&m;&Sifonf wefckd;MuD;
aombk&m;? eufeJaomt&mukd
zGijhf yawmfral ombk&m;jzpfaMumif;
od&0dS efcv H map&ef bk&m;&Sio f nf
rdrd tapcHuRefrsm;tm;jzifh jyK
awmfryl gonf/ w&Ha&mtcg aeAk
c'faeZmrif;MuD;onf tjrifht
awmifajcmufq,f? teHajcmuf
awmif&Sdaom a&T½kyfwkudk AmAk
vkefaus;vuf'k&vGifjyifü wnf
xm;jyD;rS csdef;csufaomtcsdefukd
owfrSwfjyD; wHydk;? c&m? apmif;?
ykavG? wa,m? ywfomtp&Sd
aomwl&d,mrsKd; wD;rIwfoHMum;
vQif xkda&T½kyfwkudk jywf0yfudk;
uG,fMu&rnf/ jywf0yfudk;uG,f
jcif ; r&S d o l u d k rD ; avmif v Quf & S d
aomrD;zkx d oJ Ydk csypfap[k rdeaYf wmf
rlygonf/ xkdokdYrdefYawmfrlaomf
vnf; 'Ha,v\tazmfo;kH OD; jzpf
onfh &Sm'&uf? ar&Su?f taA'ae
a*gwkdY oHk;OD;onf 0wfrjyKyg/ xkd
tcg rif;Bu;D onf jyif;pGm trsuf
xGufojzifh rD;zkdudk t&ifu xuf
ckEpS q f wk;d í ylapjy;D rS cGetf m;Bu;D
aomppfol&JwkdYudk ac:ü xkdoHk;OD;
udk wkyaf ESmifapí rD;avmifvQuf
&Sdaom zkdxJokdY csypfapygonf/
rD;zko d nf tvGeyf al omaMumifh &Sm
'&uf? ar&Suf? taA'aea*gwkdY
udk qJGcsaom olwkdYonf rD;vQHt
&SdefaMumifh aoMu\/ okdYaomf
'Ha,v\ tazmfoHk;OD;wkdYonf
rD;avmifjrdKufjcif; r&Sd? rif;MuD;
onf Mum;vQif tHMojcif;&Sí d vm
a&muf Munfh&IonfwGif rD;xJodkY
cs ypfonfu oH;k OD;jzpfaomfvnf;
vlav;a,mufwkdYonf rwkyfr
aESmifbJ rD;xJü oGm;vmí ab;
Oyg'fuif;vGwfonfudk jrif&av
onf/ pwkwo å o
l nf bk&m;ocif
\ om;ESio hf @mefwo l nf[q k jkd y;D
olwkdYtm; rD;xJrS xGufvm&ef rdefY
awmfrlonfhtwkdif; xGufvmMu
vQif olwkdYürD;avmifjrdKufaom
teHyY if r&Sod nfukd tHMh obG,f awGY
&ygonf/ bk&ifBu;D onf bk&m;&Sif
\tHMh obG,af omoufaoudk jrif
&onft h cg ud,
k w f idk u
f ;kd uG,jf cif;
r&Sdao;aomfvnf; &Sm'&uf? ar
&Suf? taA'aea*gwkdY\ bk&m;
ociftm; jypfrSm;aompum;udk
ajymvQif xko d tl m; tydik ;f ykid ;f pOf;
ap? ol\tdrfudkvnf; aemufacs;
yHkjzpfap/ taMumif;rlum; xkdrQ
avmufaom u,fwifjcif;trI
udk xdkbk&m;ocifrSwyg; tb,f
bk&m;rSrjyKEkdif[k rdefYawmfrlyg
onf/ aeAkc'fae Zmrif;MuD;onf
bk&m;&Sif\oufaoudk aemufw
qifhxyfí odjrifcGifh&cJhygonf/
okdYaomf pdwfESvHk;ckdifrmao;onf
jzpfí bk&m;&Sio f nf aMumufruf
zG,af omtdyrf ufukd xyfrjH rifruf
apvQif rif;Mu;D onf wkev f yI jf cif;
odkY a&mufí xkdtdyfruf\teuf
udk odzkdY&ef cgv'Jynm&Sdtaygif;
udk ac:aomfvnf; xdkolwkdYonf
tdyfrufteufudk razmfEkdifojzifh
aemufq;kH 'Ha,vudk a&SUawmfoYdk
oGif;apygonf/ xdktdyfruf\t
eufukd 'H,avonf bk&m;&Sizf iG hf
jyonft h wkid ;f rif;Mu;D tm; jyefí
avQmufxm;ygonf/ xkt d rIt&m
tvHk;pHkwkdYonf aeAkc'faeZmrif;
Mu;D tay:okYd wq,fEpS v f vGeNf y;D
aomtcsdefü oufa&mufvmcJhyg
onf/ rif;MuD;onf eef;awmfay:
rSm avQmufoGm;pOf þNrdKUum;
igEkid if w H nf&m? igha&Tbek ;f awmfukd
csD; ajr§muf&mbkdY? ighwefckd;tmEk
abmftm;jzifh wnfvkyfaomAmAk
vkefNrdKUBuD;r[kwfavm[k rmefrm
ewufí >rwfqpdk Of aumif;uifrS
toHum; tkad eAkc'faeZmrif;Mu;D
em;axmifavmh/ ....oifu h kd vl
pkxJu ESifxkwfí ajrwd&pämef
wkEYd iS thf wl ae&mcsMuvdrrfh nf/ t
jrifh qHk;aombk&m;onf avmuD
Ekid if uH kd tkypf ;dk í ay;vkad omolwYdk
tm; ay;awmfrlonfudk rif;MuD;
rodrrSwrf u DS mv ckepfEpS yf wfv;kH
EGm;uJo h jYdk rufukd pm;vQuaf e&rnf
[k toHjzpfí xkdpum;twkdif;
csufjci;f aeAkc'faeZmü jzpfí
vlpx k u J ESix f w
k f jy;D olonf EGm;
uJo h Ydk jrufuo kd m pm;vsuf ae&yg
onf/ bk&m;ocif csdef;csufaom
tcsdefaphvQif aeAkc'faeZmonf
aumif;uifokdY arQmfMunfhjyD; t
jrifhqHk;aombk&m;udk aumif;csD;
ay;í csD ; rG r f ; axmremjyKvQif
,cifyuwdpdwfukd jyef&í wkdif
yifrI;rwfwkdYESifhtwl nDvmcHjyef
í0if&ygonf/ tmPmawmfonf
wnfjrJjyD; bkef;tmEkabmfonf
vnf; ,cifxuf wkd;yGm;ygonf/
xkdYaMumifhuRekfyfwkdY ,aeYtouf
wmü &&Scd pH m;ae&aom t&mrsm;
onf aus;Zl;awmfaMumifh jzpfyg
onf/ rmefrmewufp&m axmif
vTm;p&m r&Sdyg/ csD;ajr§mufjcif;ESifh
ESdrfhcsjcif;onf bk&m;&Sif\ vuf
0,fü&Syd gonf/ ,aeY uREyfk w f vYdk l
jzpf&jcif; aeYpOf0vifpGm pm;ae
&jcif;? <u,f0aom *kPpf nf;pdrcf H
pm;&jcif;wkdYonf aus;Zl;awmf
aMumifh jzpfygonf/ xkt Yd wl bk&m;
ocifudk odvm&jcif;onfvnf;
aus;Zl;awmfaMumifh jzpfygonf/
aeAkc'faeZmonf vlYjzpftifudk
jyefí&jyD;onfhtcg bk&m;ocif
udkrdrd\bk&m;taeESifh udk,fwkdif
0efccH s;D rGr;f í axmremjyKygonf/
touf&Sifaom,Zf
jzpfapyg
'Ha,vudk bk&m;&Sio f nf
rdrd\oufaotaeESifh toHk;jyK
ouJo h Ydk uReyfk w
f u
Ydk v
kd nf; toH;k jyK
vkdygonf/ ,aeYuREkfyfwkdYudkbk
&m;&Sif rnfonfhoufao xlckdif;
ygovJ/ owdjyKqifjcifí ouf
aoxlMuzkdY jzpfygonf/ 'Ha,v
tm;jzifh rif;Mu;D onf bk&m;&Siu f kd
od&Sd udk;uG,fvmzkdY&ef bk&m;&Sif
onf wqifjh y;D wqifh vkyaf qmif
ygonf/ ,aeYuREyfk w f Ydk ud,
k af wmf
ckdif;aeonfudk jyKMuzkdYvkdygonf/
xkdokdYjyKygu uRekfyfwkdYtoufwm
page 10
tm;jzifh udk,fawmfu oufao
xloGm;rnfjzpfygonf/ uRekfyfwkdY
toufwmü trIudpöjzpfonfht
cg vludktoday;zkdY? oufqkdif&m
udkwdkifwef;zkdY? tmPmykdifudk tm;
udk;zkdYr[kwfyg/ trIudpö&SdorQudk
bk&m; ocifudktyfzkdY? udkf,fawmf
udktm;udk;zkdYajymygonf/ xkdodYk
jyKygu trIudpö&SdorQudk ukd,f
awmfajz&Sif;ay;jyD; ajyvnfap
rnfjzpfonf/ uRekfyfwkdYtm;jzifh
tjcm;ol r sm;onf tH h M obG , f
bk&m;\oufaoudk awGY&ygu
rcHEkdifyg/ toufwm ajymif;vJ
vmMurnf j zpf o nf / uREk f y f w k d Y
ta,mufwkdif;udk bk&m;ocifu
ol\oufao jzpfapvkdygonf/
uk, d af wmf\taMumif;udak vQmuf
ajymaeonfxuf &Sdonfhae&mü
ud,k af wmf\ oufaojzpfzu Ydk om
vGefíta&;MuD;ygonf/ (a,m
,aeYurÇmMuD;xJwGif pm
wef\vdrv f nfvn S jhf zm;rIt
Y muf ü
avmuD o m;rsm;omru c&pf
,mefrsm;yg a&maESmyg0ifMuonf
udk awGY&onf/ vlwpfOD;\ ,lq
csuf? awG;ac:csufonf rSefuef
rI&SdzkdY vGefpGmta&;MuD;vSygonf/
vli,fav;wpfOD;onf EkdifiHMuD;
wpfEkdifiHwGif ynmoifMum;&if;
awG;ac:,lqcsuf wpfckudk&&Sd
cJhonf/vlonf opfom;ukvm;
xdkifwpfckuJhodkYyif &kyf0xåKwpfck
jzpfNyD;? opfom;ukvm;xdkifwpfck
udk csdK;zsufvdkufouJhodkY vludk
owfjcif;onfvnf; tvm;wl
jzpfaMumif; xdv k il ,fu awG;ac:
12)wGif ocifa,&Ionf aAoed
&GmokdY a&mufawmfrlaMumif; azmf
jyxm;ygonf/ xkt d &yfonf ao
vGefí aojcif;rS ocifa,&Ix
ajrmufapawmfrlcJhaom vmZ&k
&S&d m t&yf jzpfygonf/ ocifa,
&I a&mufawmfrlvQif rmoonf
vkyfauR;jcif;trIudk jyKaeovkd
vmZ&kudk,fwkdifvnf; udk,fawmf
ESit hf wl&adS eygonf/ vmZ&konf
rdrdudkocifa,&I aojcif;rS &Sif
jyefxajrmufapawmfrlcJhaMumif;
wcGef;rQ oufaorcHyg/ jidrf0yf
pGmxkdifaeygonf/ xkdt&yfü&Sd
aomolrsm;onf ocifa,&I&Sd
awmf r l o nf u d k M um;vQif ud k , f
awmfaMumifhomr[kwf? aojcif;
rS x ajrmuf a paom vmZ&k u d k
jrifjcif;iSm vmMuonf/ (a,m
12;9-11)vltrsm;wkdYonf vm
Z&kudkjrifjyD; ocifa,&Iudk ,Hk
onfhtwdkif; rdrdvlrsdK;rsm;pGmudk
owfjzwfcJhonf/ xdkvli,fav;
um; uarÇm'D;,m;EdkifiHrS jzpf
aMumif; od&Sd&ygonf/ vlwpfOD;
wpfa,muf\ ,lqcsufrSm;,Gif;
ygu uREyfk w f u
Ykd ,
kd w
f ikd f omruyJ
uREyfk w
f Ykd rdom;pk? tdraf xmif? t
oif;awmf? &yfuGuf? wdkif;EdkifiHt
wGuf epfemvSygonf/ xdkYaMumifh
uREkfyfwdkYwpfOD;pD\ awG;ac:,l
qcsufonf rSefuefrIY&SdzdkY ta&;
BuD;vSayonf/
rSm;,Gif;aom
,lqcsuf\qdk;usdK;
urÇmBuD;ü vlOD;a&rsm;
MunfMuygonf/ ,aeYuREkfyfwkdY
\oufaoukdjrifjyD; vlb,fESpf
a,muf ocifa,&Iukd ,HMk unfMu
ygovJ/ uREkfyfwkdY\ oufao
aMumifh vlb,fESpfa,mufjyef
xG u f o G m ;oenf ; / wcsKd U aom
tcsdefrsm;wGif tcsKdUaomolrsm;?
tcsKdUaomtdrfrsm;udk udk,fawmf
\oufao rxlEidk af tmif pmwef
u arTaESmufjyD; zdxm;wwfyg
onf / uREk f y f w k d Y \ ouf w mü
vnf; ,cifutaMumif;trsKd;
rsK;d aMumifh ocifa,&I\oufao
udk rxlEkdifcJhygu ,ckyifESvHk;
omudkjyifqifí 0efcsp&m&Sdonf
rsm;ud k 0ef c sjyD ; usKd ; yJ h a om
ESvHk;om;ESifhwkd;0ifí rdrdwkdYtm;
'Ha,vwkdYuJhokdY ?a&S;wrefawmf
MuD;rsm;ESifh bkd;ab;wkdYuJhokdY t
oHk;jyKygrnfhtaMumif; qkawmif;
Ekid yf gonf/ xko
d jYdk yKygu uReyfk wf Ydk
vmonf h t wG u f u,f v D z d k ; eD ;
,m;wuúov kd rf S ZD0aA'ygarmu©
BuD; a'gufwm[m'ifu udkif&dkNrdKU
üjyKvkyfonfh ukvor®*tpnf;
ta0;BuD;ü vlOD;a&wdk;yGm;rIYudk
rnfuJhodkYxdef;csKyf&rnfudk aqG;
aEG;onfhyGJwGif rdrd\awG;ac:,l
qcsufudk wifoGif;cJhonf/ xdk
wifjycsuu f kd vlrsm;pGmu oabm
us ESpfNcdKufMuonfhtwGuf u
av;rsm; udk,f0ef&SdvmNyD qdkvQif
(Ultrasound)&dkufMunfhNyD;? tcsdKY
EdkifiHBuD;rsm;ü rdef;uav;jzpfyg
uAdkuftwGif;uyif zsufqD;ypf
Muonf/ tcsdKUuusef;rma&;r
aumif;? cE¨mtcsdK; tpm;rrSef[k
\oufaotm;jzifh tjcm;aom
olrsm;onf ocifc&pfawmfudk
awGYjrifoGm;Murnf jzpfygonf/
"r®a[mif; umvu taoaumif
udk ,Zftjzpf bk&m;ociftm; yl
aZmfMu&ygonf/ ,ckrlum; t
ouf&Sifaeaom toufwmudk
ud, k af wmftm; qufuyfyal ZmfMu
zkdYjzpfygonf/ (a&m 12;1) uRekfyf
wkdY\ ylaZmfqufuyfrIudk udk,f
awmfvufrcHyJraeyg/ uREkfyfwkdY
\pum;ajymqkdjcif;ESifh touf
&SifrI&SdorQonf udk,fawmf&Sift
wGufjzpfygu xkdoufaoukd vl
taygif;wko Yd nf jrifjy;D ud,
k af wmf
xHtrSefyif ajymif;vJMurnfjzpf
aMumif; arwåmESifhtoday; a0iS
vku d &f ygonf/
emrawmfjrwfü
nD t pf u d k O D ; ',f e D & ,f
awG Y & S d y guvnf ; zsuf y pf v d k u f
Muonf/ xdk,lqcsufrsm;aMumifh
ysuf pD;qH;k &I;H &aom uav;i,ft
a&twGufum; wpfESpfvQif(55)
oef;&SdaMumif; urÇmusef;rma&;
tzGJYrsm;\ ppfwef;aumufcsuf
t& od&Sd&onf/ acwfrSDwdk;wuf
vSygonf[lonfh EdkifiHBuD;rsm;?
ynmwufí ,Ofaus;vSygonf
[laom EdkifiHBuD;rsm;? urÇmBuD;
udkaumif;usdK;jyKzdkY pOf;pm;aeyg
onf[laom EdkifiHBuD;rsm;ü vl
owfaeMuonfrSm ppfyGJrsm;jzpf
yGm;aecsdefü aoqHk;aeolxuf
vuf0Jvuf,mrodaom tjypfrJh
uav;oli,frsm;pGm aoaMurIY
page 11
ursm;jym;vSonf/ xdka'gufwm
[m'ifqakd om yk*K¾ v d w
f pfO;D \ ,l
qcsufaMumifh urÇmBuD;wpfckvHk;
wkefvIyfajcmufjcm;p&m jzpfvm
&onf/ ,aeY uREkfyfwdkY\awG;
ac:,l q csuf r sm;onf or® m
usrf;pmESifh udkufnDjcif;r&Sdygu
xdkenf;twdkif;yif aMumufp&m
jzpfayvdrfhrnf/ xdkYtwl vdifESifh
ygwfoufaom rSm;,Gif;onfh,l
qcsufu urÇmBuD;udk vTrf;rdk;
vQuf&Sdonf/ trsdK;om;? trsdK;
orD;rsm; tdrfaxmifrzufbJ t
wl w uG aygif ; oif ; Muonf h t
wGuf aMumufrufzG,f (AIDS)
a&m*g qd;k jzpfymG ;olrsm; urÇmBu;D
ü(42)oef;&SdaMumif; od&Sd&onf/
xdkoYdk Yaom rSm;,Gif;rIYtm;jzifh
arG;zGm;vmoluav;(3.2)oef;
&SdNyD; rdbrsm;aoqHk;Muí a&m
*g&NyD; rdbrJhjzpfí usefcJh&aom
uav;aygif;(14)oef;&SdNyD;vm
rnfh (2010)ckESpfta&mufwGif
xdu k o hJ aYkd omvlemaygif;(25)oef;
wd k ; vmrnf j zpf a Mumif ; pm&if ;
jyKaz:jycsuft& od&Sd&ygonf/
vGJrSm;aom awG;ac:,lqcsuf
onf urÇmBuD;twGuf tvGefyif
aMumuf p&maumif;vSygonf/
þuJhodkYaom aMumufrufzG,f
acwfq;kd Bu;D xJü uREyfk wf ,Ykd MkH unf
olc&pf,mefrsm; rnfodkYtouf
&SifMurnfenf;/ xdkodkYaom trIY
rsm;twGuf rnfodkYrQrwufEdkif[k
qdkum vufydkufMunfhaeMurnf
vm;/
or®mw&m;udk
cH,lvdkufavQmufyg
uREkfyfwdkY ,HkMunfolom;?
orD;rsm;onf þavmuBuD;ü
umr*kPfESifhygwfowfí tcGifh
ta&;&wdkif; rSm;,Gif;pGm r&,l
oifhyg/ t&ufraomuf? aq;
vdyf raomufygaomfvnf; t
cGifhta&;yJ[kqkdum a&m*g&Sdol
ESifhwpfBudrfwpfcg twlaerdo
jzifh(AIDS)a&m*g&NyD; b0ysuf
oGm;&aomolrsm;pGm þavmu
BuD;xJü &SdaeonfhtxJwGif ,Hk
Munfolom;orD;t csdKUvnf;yg
aeMuygonf/ tb,faMumifh xdk
odkYaom tcGifhta&;rsdK;udk raoG
z,fEikd yf J vdu
k o
f mG ;rdMuygoenf;/
or®musrf;pmudk aocsmpGm avh
vmNyD ; em;vnf o abmayguf
vQuf bk&m;ocifukd od&adS Mumuf
&GUH aom vli,fjzpfygu xdo k aYkd om
aoG;aqmifraYI emufü vdu k yf goGm;
rdp&mtaMumif;r&Sday/ (urÇm
39)wGifa,moyftrnf&Sd vli,f
wpfOD;udkawGY&onf/ a,moyf
tm;ol \ tvk y f & S i f o cif r u
olESifhtwltdyfzdkY&ef aeYwdkif;aoG;
aqmifygonf/
]] od k Y j zpf v Qif tjypf
BuD;aom þtrIYudk uRefawmf
jyKí bk & m;ocif u d k tb,f
odkY jypfrSm;Edkifoenf;[k ocif
\r,m;ud k j iif ; í jyef q d k \ /
xd k o d k Y o cif r onf aeY w d k i f ;
aoG ; aqmif a omf v nf ; ? a,m
oyf o nf o l \ pum;ud k em;
raxmif ol E S i f h t wl t d y f j cif ; ?
aejcif ; trI Y u d k a&S m if a v\/}}
(urÇ m 39;9-10)
ocifr\ aeYwdkif;aoG;
aqmifrIudk a,moyfonf jiif;
qefygonf/ þtrIujkd yKjcif;onf
tjypf B uD ; onf o mru bk & m;
ocifudk jypfrSm;jcif;jzpfaMumif;
a,moyfodygonf/ a,moyf
onf or®mw&m;\ cH,lcsuf? ,l
qcsufudk &&Sdxm;oljzpfí aoG;
aqmifjcif;onf olYudkratmif
Edkifyg/ or®musrf;pm\ cH,lcsuf
?,lqcsufudk &&Sdxm;aomvli,f
rsm;udkpmwefonf tjypfodkYaoG;
aqmifjcif;rjyKEdkif,HkrQru rnf
onfha&m*grQvnf; 0ifa&mufí
'ku©ray;Edkifyg/ ,aeY vli,frsm;
or®musrf;pmcH,lcsuftwdkif; t
ouf&SifMuzdkY tvGefta&;BuD;yg
onf/ ocifa,½Itm; pmwefrm&f
ewfupHpk rf;aoG;aqmif&mü vnf;
ud, k af wmfonf or®musr;f pmazmf
jycsufrsm;tm;jzifhom wkefjYyefí
tEdkif,lcJhygonf/ yxr tm'H
onf pmwefaoG;\aqmifrIcH&
onfhtcg usqif;oGm;cJh&onf/
'kwd, tm'Hwnf;[laom c&pf
awmfonf or®musrf;pmcH,lcsuf
twdik ;f wkejYf yefjcif;jzifh atmifjrif
rIudk &,lcJhygonf/ xdkYaMumifh ,
aeY vli,frsm; or®musr;f pmudk aph
aph zwf&Iqifjcifí or®musrf;pm
ESifhtnD touf&SifvdkufavQmuf
yg/ or®musrf;pm\azmfjycsufudk
tpOfESvHk;oGif;cH,lygu avmu
\aoG;aqmifraI usmu h iG ;f tEå&,f
twGi;f rnfonft h cgrQoufqif;
a&muf&o dS mG ;rnfr[kwyf g/
0dnmOfawmf\Adr®mef
]]tb,f o d k Y e nf ; oif
wd k Y u d k , f c E¨ m onf bk & m;ocif
ay;oem;awmf r I a om 0d n mOf
awmf w nf ; [l a om oif w d k Y t
xJü usdef;0yfí oefY&Sif;aom
0dnmOfawmf\Adr®mefjzpfaMumif;
ud k 4 if ; ? rd r d w d k Y u k d , f r d r d w k d Y r yd k i f
aMumif ; ud k 4 if ; ?rod M uoavm/
oif w d k Y o nf t bd k ; ES i f h 0 ,f a wmf
rI a omol jzpf a omaMumif h ?
bk&m;ocifydkifawmfrlaomoif
wd k Y \ ud k , f c E¨ m ES i f h pd w f 0 d n mOf
tm;jzif h bk & m;ocif \ *k P f
awmf u d k x if & S m ;apMuavmh / }}
(1aum6;19-20)
uREkfyfwdkY\udk,fcE¨mudk
uREkfyfwdkYrydkifyg/ rdrdwdkYpdwfBudKuf
jyKcsifovdk jyKír&yg/ bk&m;o
ciftaoG;awmfESifh a&G;0,fxm;
onfjzpfaomaMumifh uREyfk w f pYkd w d f
0dnmOfudk uREkfyfwdkYrydkifawmhyg/
uREkfyfwdkYxifcsifovdkxif? awG;
csifovdkawG;? oGm;csifovdkoGm;
í r&awmhyg/ EIwu f ywfusr;f pm
twdkif;awG;zYdk? cH,lzdkY? ,lqzdkY
vdktyfygonf/ uREkfyfwdkY\udk,f
cE¨m? pdwf0dnmOfudk oefY&Sif;pGm
xm;&rnfjzpfygonf/ xdkaMumifh
wdarmaou vli,frsm;tm; oif
wdkY\ touft&G,f EkysdKjcif;udk
rnfolrQrxDrJhjrif rjyKapESifh[k
owday;>rufqkd xm;ygonf/(1wd
page 12
4;12) or®musrf;pm cH,lcsuf
twdkif; touf&Sif&yfwnfaom
vli,frsm;tm; rnfonfhacwf
a&pD;aMumif;urQ vJNydKatmif
jyKvkyfEdkifpGrf;r&Sday/ EIwfuywf
awmftwdik ;f &yfwnfou l kd rnfol
rQNzdKzsufír&yg/ ,aeYurÇmBuD;
ay:wGif vlwdkYonf enf;rsdK;pHkjzifh
vlowfaeMuonf/ ynmwufyg
vQuf?or®m usrf;pmudkqefYusif
aeMuonf/ tdrfaxmifrsm;üu
av;rsm;pGmarG;ygu rauR;Edkif
rnf u d k pd k ; &d r f v mMuNyD ; tcsd K U
uav; ESpaf ,mufom,lMuonf/
uav; ESpfa,mufxufrydkzdkY&ef
enf;rsdK;pHkjzifh wm;qD;Muonf/
tcsKd Uaom tdraf xmifrsm;ü&Sad om
om;orD;ESpfOD;teuf wpfOD;ao
qHk;oGm;ygu ,cifuenf; rsdK;pHk
jzifh wm;qD;xm;í om;orD;xyf
í r&Edkifawmh/
]]bG m ;jrif a om om;o
rD ; wd k Y o nf xm0&bk & m; qk c s
íay;oem;awmfrlaom tarG
Opö m jzpf M u\}}
(qm127;3)/
xdkor®musrf;pm\ av;
eufrIudkrodMuaom rdbrsm;u
om;orD;OD;a&udk tuefYtowf
ESifharG;Muonf/ bk&m;ocifudk
odMuaom rdbrsm;rSarG;zGm;vm
aom om;orD;rsm;tm;jzifh urÇm
BuD;udk jynfhapzdkY&efbk&m;&Sif t
vdak wmf&ydS gonf/ xm0&bk&m;udk
aMumuf & G H U í vrf ; c&D ; awmf o k d Y
vku d o
f mG ;orQaomolwo Ydk nf r*F
vm&Sdonfomru rdrdom;orD;
wkdYübGm;jrifaom om;orD;wnf;
[laom ajr;rsm;wkdifatmif jrif
awGY&jyD; touft&G,f MuD;&ihf
jcif;\ r*Fvmtaygif;ESifhjynfhpHk
&rnfjzpfaMumif; (qm128; 1?
6)wGif azmfjyxm;ygonf/ xkdY
aMumifhuREkfyfwkdYonf bk&m;ocif
tvkdawmfjzpfonfh rsm;jym;pGm
arG;zGm;jcif;trIudk qD;wm;aom
ol r sm;rjzpf b J jynf h p H k a paom
olrsm;jzpfMu&ef tav;*&kjyKt
ouf&iS o f ifyh gonf/
o@mefawmfESifhtnD
zefqif;xm;onf
urÇmMu;D ü *Re0f ufpvDEiS hf
csm;vf0ufpvD wkdYtm;jzifh Ekd;x
rIMu;D jzpfvmaomtcsed u f (urÇm
1;26)wGiyf g&So
d nfh vlom;wkid ;f udk
bk&m;ocifonf rdrd\oP²mef
ESifhtnDzefqif;xm;í vlom;
wkdif;udk txifri,foifhaMumif;?
wef ; wl o abmxm;í tav;
xm; qufqo H ifah Mumif; oGeo
f if
csufudk t*Fvefjynf&Sd vTwfawmf
trwfwpfOD;jzpfol vli,fav;
wpfOD;\ OD;aESmuftod0,f pJG
xifoGm;cJhygonf/ ol\rdbrsm;
u uReaf &mif;0,fa&;pepfaMumifh
csrf;omvmMuolrsm;jzpfMuonf/
or®musrf;pm oGefoifcsufudk &
&Sdvmonfhtcg vludkvlvkdrquf
qH? wd&pämefuJhokdY qufqHjyKrl
aomolrdbrsm;ESifh uRefukeful;
olwkdY\trSm;udk odjrifvmum
uRefpepfudkwkdufzsufjyD; vludk
vl vkjd rifí qufqv H m&ef vTwf
awmfpnf;a0;üwifjy&if; MudK;pm;
tm;xkwcf &hJ m ESpaf ygif;rsm;pGm MuKd ;
pm; tm;xkwfcJh&onf/ xkdvTwf
awmftrwfvil ,fav;\ ravsmh
aomZJGvHkYvjzifh tm;xkwfrIrsm;
aMumifh(35)ESpfMumonfhtcg t
*FvdyfygvDrefu vludk vlvkdjrif&
rnf [ k qH k ; jzwf v mMuygonf /
ynmwwfrsm;pGm&Sad omEkid if ?H ,Of
aus;rI xGe;f um;vSygonfqadk om
EkdifiHü ,cifu vlukd vlvkd rjrif
Muaomfvnf; or®mw&m;\cH,l
csuf? ,lqcsufudkodaomvli,f
av;\ ravsmhaomZJGjzifh &yf
wnfrIaMumifh uRefpepfaysmufjyD;
vlukdvlvkdjrifvmMuonf/ or®m
w&m;twkdif; &yfrnfrlutqHk;ü
atmifjrifru I kd &apcJo
h nf/ ,aeY
uREkfyfwkdYonf or®mw&m;udk t
ygwfpOf vma&mufc, H Ml uygonf/
uREkfyfwkdYonf or®mw&m;udk od
ygu ppfreS af om vGwaf jrmufjcif;
udk&rnf[k or®musrf;pmu azmf
jyxm;ygonf/ (a,m 8;31-32)
or®mw&m;ukd odaomolomvQif
c&pfawmf\wynfhtrSef jzpfyg
onf/ ,aeY uREkfyfwkdYonf or®m
usrf;pmudk zwf½IjyD; ,HkMunfMuyg
\avm/ or® m usrf ; pmtwk d i f ;
touf&Sif&yfwnfMuyg\avm/
EIwfuywfawmfuighemrudktrSD
jykjyD;qkawmif;ygu&rnf[krdefh
awmfrx l m;onfjzpfí tMut H zef
aemuf rvkdufrdMuzkdY owdjyKoifh
ygonf/ qkawmif;NyD;ygu ,Hk
Munfjcif;jzifh apmifhyg/ tcsdef
a&mufvmonft h cg *wdawmfEiS hf
tnD qkawmif;onfhtwkdif; t
ajzudk cHpm;&&Sdrnfjzpfygonf/
xkdYaMumifh urÇmMuD;wpfckvHk;ü vl
rsm;rnfoYdk touf&iS af eMuygap?
bk&m;ocifudk ,HkMunfaomom;
orD;rsm;taeESifh or®mw&m;udk
zwf&Iqifjcifí or®mw&m;\cH
,lcsuf ?,lqcsut f wkid ;f touf
&Sifjcif;tm;jzifh bk&m;ocif\t
vkdawmfudk jynfhpHkapaom olrsm;?
bkef;awmfudk xif&Sm;apaomol
rsm;jzpfMu&ef tav;*&kjyK t
ouf&SifMuzkdY&ef arwåmESifhtm;
ay;a0iS vkdufygonf/
emrawmfjrwfü
q&mOD;atmifoufñGefY
oufaocHcsuf
uRefawmftvkyf&zdkYt
wGuf qkawmif;cJhygw,f/ tif
wmAsL;ajzrJhaeYrSm e,fuae t
csdefrD jyefa&mufvmNyD; bmrQr
jyifqifxm;&bJ tifwmAsL; oH;k
em&Dpmar;yGu J kd 0ifa&mufajzqdk
cJ&h ygw,f/ qkawmif;xm;wJt h
wdkif; pmar;yGJatmifjrifNyD; t
vkyf&wJhtwGuf bk&m;ocif&JU
aus;Zl;awmfukd cs;D rGr;f &if; ouf
aocHygw,f/
pzef;a&Smif;
page 13
 (a,m9)udk qifjcifygu
trSew f &m;ESihf or®mw&m;udk awGY
&onf/ trSew f &m;u bmomw
&m;jzpfNyD;? or®mw&m;u bk&m;
ocif\EIwfuygwfpum;jzpfyg
onf/ bmomw&m;u opömESifh
wGzJ ufaeí rdrv d yk o
f avmuf t
usdK;cHpm;&rnfjzpfonf/ bk&m;
ocif\ opömw&m;pum;rlum;
rdrdjyKEdkifaomt&mtwGuf &Edkif
aomt&m&Sdovdk? rjyKEdkifaomt
&mtwGufvnf; bk&m;ocif\
rprIYudk awmif;cHí cGifhvGwfjcif;
ESifh ulrjcif;udkvnf; cHpm;&Edkifyg
onf/ or®mw&m;rlum; arwåm
ESifh wGJzufí touf&Sifaom
bk&m;\ aus;Zl;jyK rprIygaomf
vnf; trSew f &m;rlum; arwåmt
aMumif;udk ajymqdkazmfjyaomf
vnf; opömcHxm;aomaMumifh
arwåm\ vkyfaqmifrIryg? vkyf
onfhtay:üom tusdK;cHpm;&zdkY
&Syd gonf/
bk&m;ocif\
bkef;awmfxif&Sm;apzdkY
(a,m?9;1-3)ocifa,½I
vrf;ü oGm;pOfwGif trd0rf;wGif;
uyif rsufaphuef;olwpfa,muf
udk awGjY rifawmfrv
l Qif wynfah wmf
wdkYu t&Sifbk&m; þolonf t
b,fol\ tjypfaMumifh rsufaph
uef;jcif;jzpfygoenf;/ ud, k t
hf jypf
aMumifhavm? rdbtjypfaMumifh
avm[k ar;avQmufMuygonf/
xdkolrsufaphuef;jcif;onf udk,fh
tjypfaMumifhavm[k ar;jcif;rSm
w&m;aywHEiS hf wkid ;f jcif;jzpfonf/
olt Y jypfaMumifh uef;jcif;jzpfygu
olYuHMur®maMumifh? olrrSefruef
jyKusií hf [k qdEk ikd yf gonf/ odaYk omf
xdkokdYr[kwfyg/ olonf arG;NyD;rS
taMumif; wpfpHkwpf&maMumifh
uef;jcif;r[kwb f J arG;uwnf;u
rsufrjrifb0ESifh arG;vmjcif; jzpf
onf/ xdaYk Mumifh olü bmtjypfrS
r&Sd[k qdkEdkifygonf/ wynfhawmf
wd\Yk tar;udk ud, k af wmfu tajz
ay;onfrSm
]]ud k , f h t jypf a Mumif h r
[k w f / rd b tjypf a Mumif h v nf ;
r[k w f / bk & m;ocif \ trI
awmf u d k ol ü xif & S m ;aprnf t
aMumif ; wnf ; /}}
(a,m 9;4)
[lí jzpfonf/ xdkolrsufpduef;
jcif;rSm olUtjypfaMumifhvnf; r
[kwf? rdbtjypfaMumifhvnf; r
[kw/f xdt k rItm;jzifh bk&m;½Si\
bkef;xif½Sm;zdkY jzpfonf[k qdkyg
onf/ vlonf tajctaewpfck
ukd awGUjrifvQif w&m;aywHEiS t hf
pOfwikd ;f wwfygonf/ vlonf "r®
w&m;udk odavav *kPf,lav
avjzpfonf/ þonfukd "r®rme
[k qdk&rnfjzpfonf/ xdkYaMumifh
zm&d½SJESifh usrf;wwfrsm;u c&pf
awmf\pum;udk vufrcHEdkifMu/
xd k o l r sm;u bmoma&;orm;?
usrf;wwfrsm;jzpfMuonf/ em*pf
tjzpftysufukd Munfhygu w&m;
orm;rsm; tjrifrnfo½Ykd rdS nfenf;/
w&m;? usrf;ESifhwdkif;í xkda'o½Sd
vlrsm;qdk;vdkYjzpfr,f[k qdkMurnf
jzpfonf/ odkYaomf or®mw&m;ESifh
wdik ;f ygu bk&m;ocif\arwåmudk
cHpm;zk?Yd bk&m;ocif\bke;f xif½mS ;
zdjYk zpfrnf[qk Ekd ikd yf gonf/ xdak 'o
\ ,ckajymif;vJaeaomtajc
taeukd Munfyh gu ,cifu "edr;kd ?
"edum? 0g;cif;ESifhjzpfaomfvnf;
,ck oGyfrdk;? ysOfcif;? ysOfumESifh
jcm;em;aomtajctaeukd cHpm;
f aeMu&onf/ trsm;\0dkif;yHhydk;rI
aMumifh ,cifu rpm;bl;aom? rcH
pm;bl;aomt&mukd pm;Mu? cHpm;
Mu&onf/ 'kuo © nfrsm;u bk&m;
arwåmaMumifh vltrsm;\0dik ;f 0ef;
yHyh ;dk rIudk jynfph pHk mG &Muonf/ ocif
a,½Ionf rsufaphuef;aomol
tm; ajray:ü wHawG;udk axG;í
½TUH vkyNf y;D rS uef;aeaomol\rsuf
aphudk ½TUHESifhvl;NyD; ½Sdavmifuefü
rsufaphukd aq;avmh[k rdefYawmf
rlygonf/ xkad e&mü tcsKd Uu qif
ajcwufMurnfjzpfonf/ rjzpfEikd f
ygbl;? oGm;aq;Ny;D rSrjrif&if b,f
vkdvkyfrvJ ponfjzifY vlUqifjcif
wHw k &m;ESihf qdEk ikd yf gonf/ okaYd omf
bk&m;ocif\ tvkdawmfu ap
cdkif;vQif ckdif;onfhtwkdif;jyKzdkY jzpf
ygonf/ EIwfuywfawmftwdkif;
emcHjcif;jzifh jyKMunfMh uygu ud, k f
awmfu oufaoukd cHpm;aprnf
jzpfonf/ ,aeY EIwu f ywfpum;
twkdif;jyKMuaomolrsm;pGmonf
tHhMobG,foufaotrsdK;rsdK;ukd
cHpm;aeMu&ygonf/ xkdoufao
ukd cHpm;apzkYd aus;Zl;jyKví dk bk&m;
ocifuapmifq h ikd ;f vsu½f dS ygonf/
trd0rf;wGif;uyif rsuf aphuef;
aomolonfocifa,½I \ pum;
twdkif;emcHíjyKonfhtcg rsuf
aph j rif v suf j yef & aomtcG i f h u d k
ay;onf / rsuf a ph r jrif a omol
onfemcHjcif;\tusdK;udk tHhMo
bG,f cHpm;oGm;&ygonf/ ukd,f
awmfonf rsufaphuef;aomol
ukdom aus;Zl;jyKonf r[kwfyg/
rnfolukdrqdk aus;Zl;jyKvkdaom
t½Sif jzpfygonf/ odkYqkdygu t
csdKUu tjypf½Sdaomolukd tb,fh
aMumifh aus;Zl;jyK&oenf;[k qkd
aumif;qkdEkdifygonf/ bk&m;½Sif
onf tjypf½adS omoludk aus;Zl;jyK
onf r[kwfyg/ tjypfjyKrd aom
page 14
olonf aemifw&í aus;Zll;jyK
jcif;jzpfonf/ aemifw&aomol
\ pdwfESvHk;ukd odaomolonf
oAÁñkwOmPfawmf½Sif bk&m;
ocifomjzpfonf/ trSefw&m;
u xko d rYkd [kwyf g/ oiftrSm;jyKchJ
Ny?D xkaYd Mumifh trSm;ESit hf avsmuf
'PfcaH yawmh[k qkrd nfjzpfonf/
trSefw&m;u aus;Zl;jyKjcif;r
wwfEidk yf g/ or®mw&m;\t½Siu f aomolu rdrdtajctaerSefukd
aus;Zl;jyKjcif;iSm wwfEdkifaomf
vnf; aemifw&aomolukdom
aus;Zl;jyKjcif;jzpfonf/ aemifw
r&aomolukd aus;Zl;jyKyguvl
rdkuftm;ay;ouJhodkY jzpfaeay
rnf/ ,aeYrsm;pGmaomolwkdYu rd
rdwu Ydk , kd wf ikd u
f aemifwr&bJ bk
&m;½SifxHrS awmif;cHaeMuonf/
tHhMobG,foufaoukd
jrifawGY&ygvsuf
rsufaphuef;aomolonf
pum;awmfukd emcHí jyKojzifh
rsuaf phjrifNy;D jyefvmonfudk tdrf
eD;csif;rSpí tjcm;aomolrsm;u
jrifvQif xdo k w l uYdk olonfxikd í
awmif ; pm;aomol jzpf o nf r
[kwfavm[k qkdMuygonf/ xkdt
cg tcsdKUu [kwfonf[kqdkMuo
vkd tcsKd Uu xko d El iS w
hf o
l nf[k qkd
Muygonf/ bk&m;ocif\ tHb h , G f
wefckd;awmf\ oufaoukd rsuf
jrif'dXawGUae&ygvsuf r,HkMu?
þrQ pdwfESvHk; ckdifrmvsufaeMu
onfrSm tb,faMumifhenf;/ xdk
olwkdYonf bk&m;ocif\ EIwfu
ywfawmfukd¤if;? udk,fawmf\ar
wåmESifhaus;Zl;jyKjcif;ukd¤if; qefY
usifaom pdwfoabmu olwdkYES
vH;k ukzd ;kH aeí jzpfonf/ xko d wl u
Ydk
w&m;todü Eke,faomolrsm;
jzpfí[k qkdaumif;qkdkMurnfjzpf
onf/ okq Yd ydk gvQif w&m;&ifah om
olwu Ydk uk,
d af wmftm; rnfuohJ Ykd
wkefYjyefMuonfukd qufíMunfh
vkdygonf/ bk&m;ocifESpfouf
aom ESvHk;om;um; w&m;ukdod
jcif;ü &ifhMuzkdYr[kwfbJ bk&m;½Sif
ukdodaom ESvHk;om;obm0 &ifh
MuzdkY jzpfygonf/ ,aeY w&m;ukd
odaomolESifh bk&m;ukdodaomol
rsm;pGmjcm;em;ygonf/ w&m;uko d d
odaom oljzpfonf/ bk&m;ukdod
aomolrSmrlum; rdrd\touf
wmtajctae ajymif ; vJ o G m ;
jcif;ukd odaomol jzpfonf/ (vk
f cJhMuaomfvnf; ,Zfyka&m[dwf
24)wGif ynfah wmfEpS af ,muf onf
{armufNrdKUodkY oGm;aepOf vrf;ü
ocifa,½IEiS hf awGUMuaomfvnf;
ukd,fawmfjzpfonfukd rodMuyg/
xkdwynfhawmf ESpfa,mufwdkY\
pdwx f üJ ocifa,½ \ I thMHh obG,f
trI j yKcJ h a om taMumif ; t&m
rsm;ukdjrifí ar½Sd,tjzpfarQmf
vifhwBuD; jzpfcJhMuaomfvnf;
um;wkdifü taocHcJhMuonfukd
jrifNyD; ,lMuHK;r& jzpfae,HkrQru
pd w f y suf t m;avsmh a eMuonf /
olwkdYtm½kHü ocifa,½I\ um;
wkdifü taocHcJh&aom tjzpft
ysufu vTrf;rdk;aeqJjzpfygonf/
ocifa,½Iu rdro d nf aojcif;ukd
atmifí ½Sifjyefxajrmufrnf[k
ajymcJhaompum;ukd olwkdYonf r
,HkEkdif? rrSwfrdEdkifatmif jzpfae
Muonf/ ,aeY trsm;aom ,Hk
MunfolwdkY\ toufwmüvnf;
bk&m;ocifxHü qkawmif;aeMu
aomfvnf; &rnf[k pdwfrcsMu?
,HkMunfjcif;r½SdMu/ 'Gd[?oHo,
pdwEf iS hf awmif;aeMu onf/ ,aeY
uREyfk wf Ydk uk,
d af wmfxüH qkawmif;
Muonfhtcg 'dG[?oHo,pdwfr
½SdMuzkdY owdjyKoifhygonf/ uREkfyf
wdkY awmif;aomt&monf ,ckr
&ao;aomfvnf; ukd,fawmfay;
rnfjzpfonf[k pdwfcsMuzkdY vdk
ygonf/ xko d Ykd pdwcf sMuygu arQmf
vifjh cif;ukd jzpfapygonf/ xkd ajrm§ f
vifhjcif;onf r*Fvm½Sdaom ajr§mf
vifhjcif;jzpfonf/ uREkfyfwdkYt
oufwmüEIwu f ywfawmft wdik ;f
touf½Sifaeygvsuf jyóem?
cJ,Of;rI MuKH awGU&ygu pdwrf ysuf
ygESi/hf xdtk rIt&m tm;jzifh tHMh o
bG,jf zpfNy;D bk&m; ½Si\ f bke;f awmf
xif½Sm;p&m jzpfvdrfhrnf[k tm;
,lí 0rf;ajrmufyg/ ,HMk unfol wkYd
toufwmü aumif;uif ra&muf
rDS ajrBu;D ay:ü touf½iS f ae pOf
wGiyf if bk&m;ocif\ tHMh obG,f
oufaotrsdK;rsdK;ukd cHpm;& MuzdkY
½Sdygonf/ uREkfyfwkdYtoufwmü
cJ,Of;jcif;? 'ku©MuHK&jcif;onf
uREkfyfwdkY r[kwfwmvkyfí rjzpf
ygapESifh/ xdkodkYjyKrdaomaMumifh
'ku©a&muf&jcif;jzpfygu aemif
w&yg/
emcHíjyKjcif;tm;jzifh
ocifa,½IESifh {armufNrdKU
odkY oGm;aomvrf;ü awGYaom
wynfh awmfEpS af ,mufwrYkd mS ud, k f
awmfESifh eD;uyfpGm oGm;vmcJhMu
aomwynfhawmfrsm; jzpfMuyg
onf/ odaYk omfow l t Ykd eD;odYk ud, k f
awmfcsO;f uyfí um;ajymqdk aqG;
aEG;aeaomfvnf; udk,fawmffrSef;
rodMu/ udk,fawmfu oifwdkYt
b,fah Mumifh rsuEf mS ñI;d i,faeMu
oenf;[k ar;vQif a,½k&Svif
NrdKUü ocifa,½I jzpfcJhaomt
aMumif;t&mwdkYudk jyefí ajymjy
Muygonf/ wynfhawmfwdkYu o
cifa,½Ionf rdrdwdkY £oa&v
trsKd ;udak &G;EIwtf ahH omiSm <uvm
aomar&S, d t&Sit f jzpf ajrm§ v f ifh
tBuD;ESifh rif;rsm;onf tao
owfjcif;udk cHapjcif;iSm tyfESHí
um;wdik üf uGyrf sucf MhJ uonf/ þ
taMumif;t&mrsm; jzpfcJhí ,ck
oH;k &uf&NdS y[
D k qdMk uygonf/ xdt k
cg udk,fawmfu c&pfawmfonf
þodkYyiftaocHírdrdbkef; pnf;
pdrfawmfudk 0ifpm;&rnf r[kwf
avm/ arma&S\usrf;pmrSpí y
a&mzufwdkY\usrf;pmrsm;ü udk,f
awmfudk&nfrSwfí a&;xm;aom
usrf;pm\ teufudk &Sif;jyaomf
vnf; olwdkYonf udk,fawmfrSef;
rodMuyg/ olwdkY pdwfESvHk;onf
rdu
k v f su&f í dS ud, k af wmf taocH
cJhjcif;udkom pdwfpGJaeMuygonf/
,aeY ocifc&pfawmf\taocH
page 15
jcif;udkom pdwfü pGJrSwfaeaom rS rkefYudkzJhí olwdkYtm;ay;pOfwGif udk wynfah wmfwt Ykd m; tBurd Bf urd f (wref ? 1;8)
c&pf,mefrsm; taemufEikd if üH rsm; olwdkYonf rsufpdyGifhvif;í udk,f xif&Sm;jyawmfrlcJhygonf/ (a,m? [lí jzpfonf/ rnfonfhwefcdk;
pGm &dSaeMuygonf/ xdkolrsm;u awmfjzpfonfudk odMuygonf/ 21)wGif ocifa,½I xajrmufNyD; enf;/ qkawmif;&if tajz&aom
qkawmif;zdkYrvdkyg/ rdrdwdkYvkyfrS ,aeY uREkfyfwdkYonf Zmwdtjrif csdefü wynfhawmfwdkYonf wpf wefc;kd jzpfonf/ ,HMk unfaomolü
rdrwd &Ykd r,f/ qkbmvdYk awmif;rvJ/ udk tav;xm;í tm½Hkpl;pdkufrd nOfhvHk; ig;brf;aomfvnf; wpf jzpfvwåaH om edrw d v f u©Pmum;
bPfoGm;&if &wmbJ[k olwdkYu ojzifh or®mw&m;\t&Sif teD; aumifurkd Q r&Muyg/ xdt k cg ud, k f rusef;rrmaomoltay:ü vuf
qdkMuonf/ bk&m;udk odzdkYrvdk? tyg;ü&Sí d tHMh ozG,f oufaowdYk awmfu avSvusfmbufü ydkuf udkwifí qkawmif;ay;onfhtcg
w&m;udkvnf; odzdkY rvdkyg/ Oy udk jrif&? Mum;&ygvQuf r,HkEdkif uGefudk ypfcsavmh[k rdefYawmfrl use;f rmcGi&hf Muygonf/ om;awmf
a'udk od&ifNy;D a&m [k qdMk uonf/ avmufatmif cdkifrmaom pdwfr onftwdik ;f jyKMuvQif olwo Ykd nf udk ,HkMunfaomolonf tjypf
trsm;u Oya'udk odNyD; vuf &SdrdMuzdkY owdjyKoifhMuygonf/ rsm;pGmaom ig;wdkYudk tkyfrdMuyg pD&ifjcif; rcH&yg/ r,HkMunfaom
wpfvHk;jcm; vdrfvnfvSnfhpm;í obm0\rsufjriftajctaewdkY onf/ xdktcg udk,fawmf jzpf olrlum; ,ckyif tjypfpD&ifjcif;
touf&SifaeMuonf/ EdkifiHu udk tm½HkrjyKbJ arwåmESifh tod aMumif;udk olwo Ykd nfoMd uNy;D ? avS cH&aomtajcü &Sdaeonfjzpfí
wdk;wufoa,mif&SdNyD; 'kp½dkuf ay;aeaomt&Siu f kd tm½Hjk yKí em ay:rSqif;í ukef;ay:okdY a&muf wrvGefta&; pOf;pm;wdkif; pdwf
ESifhqdk;oGrf;rI aygrsm;aeonf/ cHMuzdkY&ef ESvHk;om;udk jyifqif aomtcg udk,fawmfonf ig;udk rat;? vdyfjymroefY jzpfaeygu
,aeh trsm;aomolwdkYu xdkol oifyh gonf/ uifí rkefYudkvnf; jyifqifvQuf ,ckyif ESvHk;om;udk jyifqifí
wdkYEdkifiH\tjrif? tajctaeudk taocHawmfrlNyD;vQif? olwdkYtm; pm;apygonf/ udk,f ud k , f a wmf u d k ,H k M unf j cif ; jzif h
tm;usNyD; oGm;aeMuonf/ xdk wrefawmfwdkYtm; t&ugav; awmftwlyg&Sdaom toufwm touf&Sifjcif;tm;jzifh ,ckb0
a'oü trsm;u avmuDynm q,f y wf v H k ; ud k , f u d k j yí bk onf rnfrQzv l í kH 0rf;ajrmufp&m aemufb0ESifhqdkifaom tmrcH
wwfMuNyD; xdktodu vTrf;rdk;ae &m;ocif \ Ed k i f i H a wmf E S i f h p yf jzpfygoenf;/ ud, k af wmfu &Sijf yef csufudk cHpm;EdkifzdkY&ef arwåmESifh
ojzifh udk,fawmftouf&Sifae qk d i f a omt&mwd k Y u d k rd e f Y > ruf xajrmufawmfrlNyD;aemuf wynfh today;a0iSvdkufygonf/
onfut kd MhH ozG,f oufaorsm;jzifh awmf r l v suf rd r d t ouf & S i f awmfwdkYtm; a,½k&SvifNrdKUrS r
jrif a e&onf u d k y if r,H k E d k i f B u onftaMumif;udk cdkifcefYaom xGufroGm;yJ crnf;awmf\uwd emrawmfjrwfü
onfrSm 0rf;enf;zG,f&m jzpfay oufaorsm;tm;jzifh jyawmfrl awmfudk iHhaezdkY rSmawmfrlygonf/ tkwfrm
onf/ ocifa,½Ionf wynfh \/}} xdkuwdawmfum;
awmfEpS af ,mufEiS t hf wl c&D;jyK&m (wref ? 1;3) ]]oif w d k Y t ay:od k Y oef Y rmwdum pmrsufESm
rS ntcsdefa&mufvQif xdk&Gmü udk,fawmfonf aojcif; &Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfqif;ouf
wnf;cdkí avsmif;awmfrlpOf rkefY udk atmifí &SifjyefxajrmufNyD; aomtcg? oifwdkYonf wefckd; r,HkMunfjcif;\oufao 1
udk ,lí aus;Zl;awmfukd cs;D rGr;f Ny;D aemuf rdrdtouf&SifaeaMumif; uk d cH & í}} nDtpfudkBuD;DrwifarmifxGef;
rtvdkawmfESifhnDaomtrIudkjyKí
oufaocHcsuf ,ck uRerf [m *syefEikd if H [D½&kd ;DS rm;wuúov kd rf mS ynmoifqjk zifh wwfa&mufaewJh 4
tv,fwef;jyq&mrwpfO;D jzpfygonf/ 'Dynmoifq[ k m bk&m;ocifu uRerf t
wGuf jyifqifay;jcif;jzpfygw,f/ uRefrrSm bmtpGrf;tprS r&Sdygbl;/ pajzwJhtcsdefuwnf;uae ta&G; nDtpfudkOD;uyfcefYckyf
cH&wJt h xd bk&m;ocif&UJ tHMh obG,&f m vkyaf qmifrrI sm;udk awG&Y ygw,f/ 'Dynmoifqk pmar;yGu J kd pajzwke;f ruREkfyfwdkYütvdk&Sdaomt&m 7
u tawGt Y MuKH &atmifqw kd hJ todwpfcyk J &Syd gw,f/ uRerf bk&m;qDrmS rqufuyfryd gbl;/ uGeyf sLwmESiyhf uf nDtpfudkDraygvfacusdKif;
oufNyD; ar;wJhtcg uRefruGefysLwm rwwfcJhygbl;/ 'gayrJh uRefr ajzwJhtcsdefrSm rD;ysufoGm;cJhygw,f/
uRefroif,l&rJh ar*smESifhyufoufwJh wuúodkvf(3)ckudk qufvufa&G;cGifh&cJhjyefygw,f/ a&G;NyD;awmh yxr rtouf&Sifaom,Zfjzpfapyg 9
OD;pm;ay;a&G;cJw h hJ [D½&kd ;DS rm;wuúov kd u
f kd &&Sw
d t hJ cgrSm uRerf tHMh ovGe;f vdYk bk&m;ocifukd aMumufvmygw,f/ nDtpfudkOD;',feD&,f
uRefrxuftrSwf trsm;BuD;omwJholawGawmif NrdKUao;ao;awGudkyJ &Muygw,f/ vlYtaeeJYawG;&if r or®mw&m;ESifhtnD cH,lí 11
vHk;0rjzpfEdkifwJht&mawGjzpfygw,f/ uRefr ynmt&nftcsif;eJY rwefyJ &&SdcJhwmyg/ aemufqHk; tajzxGuf q&mOD;atmifoufñGefY
vmcgeD;tcsed u f awmfawmfMumatmif xGurf vmygbl;/ 'geJY uRerf rygawmhb;l vdYk xifxm;&muae? &Sprf ikd f
bk&m;&Sdcdk;ausmif;rSm uRefrxGufNyD; qkawmif;cHcJhygw,f/ tJ'DtywfxJrSmyJ oH½Hk;uae uRefr ygw,fqdkwJh rbk&m;ocif\bkef;awmf
oDwif;&ygw,f/ jrefrmjynfbufuaeawmh bmoDwif;rS rMum;&ao;bl;/ aemufwywftygwftwGif; xif&Sm;apzdkY 14
wduswo hJ wD if;&zdYk xyfqak wmif;ygw,f/ wduswo hJ w
D if;udak wmh ½H;k ydw&f ufrwdik rf D aomMumaeYn (9)em&D tkwfrm
avmufrS od&ygw,f/ uRerf zcif[m r,HMk unfojl zpfygw,f/ bk&m;ocifay;wJh uRerf &JUatmifjrifrt I m;jzifh roufaocHcsuf 16
oltY oufwmrSm bk&m;ocif wu,f&ydS gvm;qdw k m odvmygw,f/ bk&m;ocif&UJ tHMh ozG,&f m vkyaf qmifrI
udk csD;rGrf;&if; oufaocHygw,f/ cifoEåmausmf ([D½dk&SD;rm;? acwå *syef)

page 16