Class 6

Use of Geometric Areas

Geometric Area Models
Rectangle
Triangle
Trapezoid
Combinations
The Rectangle

n
l
w
1
2
l
I
T
m
2
1
Re
2
1
3
3
drop T
loss T
V Z I
P R I
(
=
(

(
==
(

I
T
The Triangle
w
l
I
T
n
m
2
3
l
2
2
Re
3
8
3
15
drop T T
loss T
V Z I
P R I
(
=
(

(
=
(

I
T
The Trapezoid

l
x
w
2
a
c
d
f
w
1
I
T
( )
( )
1 2
1 2
2 2
2
2 1 2 1
2
1 2
2
Re
3
8 9 3
3
15
drop T
loss T
w w
V Z I
w w
w w w w
P R I
w w
(
| |
+
=
( |
|
+
(
\ .


(
+ +

(
=
`
(
+


)
Work Problem 3.8
Use of K factors
Use of real part of Z*I
Homework $5
3.5
3.7
General Topics
Load definitions
Individual customers
Demand
Maximum demand
Average demand
Load factor
Group of loads
Diversified demand
Maximum diversified demand
Maximum non-diversified demand
Diversity Factor
Preparing for Voltage Drop
Calculations

Calculation of line impedance
Calculation of transformer impedance
Load allocation
Using diversity factors
Based upon kVA transformer ratings
Based upon customer constant current

Voltage Drop Calculations
Phasor diagrams
Exact use of KVL and KCL
Approximate methods
Real part of Z*I
K Factors
Uniformly Distributed Loads
Voltage drop model
Power loss model
Exact model