221

1.3

1.3

2.

E = 2

,
.
E = .

E = .

.
=

.
=

.
2

222

1.3

.
=

( + ) .

1. :

3 cm

3 cm

3 cm

3 cm

1.

2.

12

18

3.
:
12
21
18
4.
:
12
4,5
9
5.
:
12
4,5
9
6.
:
12
21
18
7.
:
18
27
22,5
8.
:
22,5
21
18

1 ()=32 cm2=9 cm2 ( E = 2 ).

2 ()=3.(3+3) cm2=18
cm2( E = . ).
3 ()= 3.(3+3) cm2=18 cm2
( E = . ).

223

1.3

4 9 cm2.
5 ()=9 cm2( E = 2 ).
( + ). = (9 + 3).3 = 18 cm 2
6 () =
2
2
(
+ ). (9 + 6 ).3
7 ( ) =
=
= 22,5 cm 2
2
2
(
+ ). (3 + 9 ).3
8 ( ) =
=
= 18 cm 2
2
2
2. :

1. :

24

18

2. x :

5,5

4,5

4cm

3cm
x

6cm

3.
4. x= :

24

12

32

xcm

3cm
6

8cm

5.

. . 4,5

224

1.3

6. :
7. :

32
32

16
16

20
20

5
16

4
20

8
17,5

24

16

18

=4 cm
=8cm
=10 cm

8. 16 cm2
. :

5m

9. :
10. :

8m

11.
12cm2
, :

225

1.3

1 E = . = 3.6 = 18 cm 2 .
2 4x = 18 x = 4,5 .
3 E = . = 3.8 = 24 cm 2 .
4 6x = 24 x = 4 .
5 .
. 4.10
6 E =
=
= 20 cm 2 .
2
2
.
7 20 =

2
.8
40
=
= 5 cm
2
8
8

.
. 16
2
( ) =
=
=
= 4 cm 2 .
2
4
4
9 = . = 1.8 = 8 m 2 .
10
= .
20 =

= = 5.8 8 = 32 m 2
32
= 16 m 2
2

11

+ .

= 3 . = 3 .24 = 18 cm 2
( ) = 2
4
2
4
=

1
60 cm,
.

226

1.3

60 cm
60:4=15 cm. =152=225 cm2.
2
21
cm 30 cm. .

21.30=630 cm2 .
=20.630= 12600 cm2.
3

.

60 .
.
4
,
x=5 cm.
x.

x
6

227

1.3

,
1 = x 2 + 3.x = 5 2 + 3.5 = 25 + 15 = 40 cm 2

6.x
2 = x2 +
= x 2 + 3x = 5 2 + 3.5 = 25 + 15 = 40 cm 2
2
E(x ) = x 2 + 3x x
.
5
40 m 25 m.
.
0,6 m 0,8 m. . , 12 m2 .

0,6
25 m
0,8

40 m

,
=
=
E

+


2
1

= 25.40 (0,6.40 + 0,8.25 0,6.0,8) = 1000 43,52 = 956,48 m 2

956,48.12=11477,76

228

1.3

6
.
= .
)
.
)
.

. 2.
=
=
2
2
= 2 = ()
. 2.
) ( ) =
=
=
2
2
.
= 2.
= 2( )
2
)() =

.
)

7
. 12 cm 20 cm 4 cm,
.

( + ) = (12 + 20)4 = 64 cm 2
=

2
2

2

=
64 cm 2 = 2
= 8 cm

229

1.3

.

.

.
1 =
.
2

1
.
2 =
, 2
.
9
,
.
)
.

18 m

30 m

) x,

(30 x ).18
) =
2
) = 18 x
= 2.
= (30 x ).18

(30 x ).18 =
2

1
4

)
,
) x

x.
. 1 x .

230

1.3

10

.
. .

.
2
2
=
=
=
2
2
4

.
2
.
2 =
=
=
2
2
4
E = =
.

2 2 2 2 2
=
=
4
2
2
2
2

=
= 2.
4
2

= 2 2.

11

1 cm.
12

:

10

3
1

6
4

5
11

8
7

9
12

 1.3

231

1 = 3.5 = 15 cm 2
2 = 3 2 + 1.3 = 9 + 3 = 12 cm 2
3 = 3.5 = 15 cm 2
(5 + 3)4 = 16 cm 2
4 =
2
5 = 4.4 = 16 cm 2
= 3.2 + 3.3 = 15 cm 2
6
3.6
= 9 cm 2
=
7
2
6.2 4.4
= 16 cm 2
8 = 6 2 - 2.
2
2
3.3 (4 + 6 ).1 (4 + 5).1
1.1
9 =
+
=
+
+ 4.1 +
2
2
2
2
= 4,5 + 5 + 4,5 + 4 + 0,5 = 14,5 cm 2
1.3
= 16 - 6 = 10cm 2
2
1.2
5.1 3.1
11 =
+ 5.3 = 10,5cm 2
-2
2
2
2
12 = 4.7 - 2 2 2.1 = 22cm 2
10 = 4 2 - 4.

1.
3 5.
2.
.
3.
.
4. .
5. .
6.
.
7. .
8.

.

9. -

, .
10.

.
11.


.
12.

.

12

. = 5 cm, = 3 cm =6 cm,
.

232

1.3

() = () + () =
. . + .
=
+
=
=
2
2
2
( + ) . 5.(3 + 6)
=
=
=
= 22,5 cm 2
2
2
2

13

x .

4 cm

4 cm

40 cm2

36 cm2

x
20 cm2

18 cm2

233

1.3

E = 4.x 4.x = 40 x = 10 cm
x 2 = 36 x = 6 cm
4.x
E=
2x = 20 x = 10 cm
2
x.x
x2
E=

= 18 x 2 = 36 x = 6 cm
2
2

.

.

.

.

14

5 cm

5 cm

4 cm

12 cm

12 cm
6 cm

4 cm

8 cm

6 cm

10 cm

9 cm

5 cm

234

1.3

E 1 = 12.5 = 60 cm 2

1. .

E2 =

2. .

(5 + 12).4 = 34 cm 2

2
(6 + 10).4 = 32 cm 2
E3 =
2
6.8
= 24 cm 2
E4 =
2
E 5 = 9 2 = 81 cm 2
E6 =

3. .
4. ..
5. .
6. ..

5.5
= 12,5 cm 2
2

12

15

12

12
5
5

E =

4 =

5.12
= 17 2 4
= 289 120 = 169
2
16

12

. :
) .
) .
) .

235

1.3

1m
1
3m

4m

2,5 m

8,5 m

3m

2,5 m

3m

4m

3m

WC

1,5 m

4m

2,5 m

) = 4.8,5 = 34 m 2
= 4.3 = 12 m 2
1 = 3.4 = 12 m 2
= 3.2,5 = 7,5 m 2
= 3.3 = 9 m 2
2 = 4.2,5 = 10 m 2
WC = 3.1,5 = 4,5 m 2
) . . = 3,5.1,5 + 3.1,5 = 9,75 m 2
) = 11.2,5 + 7.2,5 + 1.4 = 49 m 2

4
m 8,5 m.
4
m 3 m.
1 3 m 4 m.
3
m 2,5 m.
3
m. 2
4 m 2,5 m.
WC 3 m
1,5 m.

3,5 m, 1,5 m. 3 m, 1,5
m .
11 m, 2,5 m., 7 m, 2,5 m 1 m,
4 m., .

17

20.000 .
) . ) , 2,5 m2 ;

236

1.3

60 m

30 m
50 m

44 m

20.16
= 50.60
= 2840 m 2
2
m
2
= 2840 : 1000 = 2,84

= 2,84.20000 = 56800

) 2840 m 2 2,5 m 2 = 1136

) 60
m 50 m

50-30=20m 60-44=16m.
m2 .
.
)
.

, .

, :
1.

.
2. 100 cm2 .
3.
.
4. .

400 cm2 ,
200 cm2, 100 cm2.