Form 2 Science Chapter 9

FORM TWO CHAPTER 9 STABILITY 1 Diagram 1.1 shows three wooden blocks labelled as A, B and C which are placed on a smooth board. One side of the block is lifted slowly to find out which block falls easily.

B Diagram 1.1

(a) Which object is the most stable? .. [1 mark] (b) Which object is the most unstable? .. [1 mark] (c) Arrange the blocks in an ascending order of stability. . [1 mark] (d) Diagram 1.2 shows a wooden block.

Diagram 1.2

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Form 2 Science Chapter 9

(i) Draw a diagram to show how you would place the wooden block to make it more stable.

[1 mark] (ii) What are the factors that influence the stability of the wooden block? (a) (b) [2 marks]

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Form 2 Science Chapter 9

2. Model A, B and C in Diagram 2.1 have the same height.

B
Diagram 2.1

(a) (i) Which model is the most stable? (ii) Give a reason for the answer in (a)(i). .... [2 marks] (b) (i) Which object is the least stable? .. (ii) Give a reason for the answer in (b)(i). . [2 marks] (c) Draw lines and mark G to show the point of equilibrium of the objects shown in Diagram 2.3

Diagram 2.3 [2 marks]

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Form 2 Science Chapter 9

3. (a) Diagram 3.1 shows two vases of flowers, P and Q.

P Diagram 3.1

(i) Based on your observation in Diagram 3.1, state the difference in the stability of vase P and vase Q. [1 mark] (ii) What inference can be made based on Diagram 3.1? [1 mark] (iii) State one hypothesis based on your observation in Figure 8.1. [1 mark]

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Form 2 Science Chapter 9

(b) A student carries out an experiment to investigate the situation in Diagram 3.1. Diagram 3.2 shows the apparatus set-up for the experiment.

Pulley
Plasticine

Stick Diagram 3.2 The student takes the following steps:

Weights

Step 1: A lump of plasticine is made into a shape of a cylinder to form a model. Step 2: Four sticks of equal size are fitted into the four corners of the model to form the legs so that it can stand on the table. Step 3: A string is hooked to the model. The string then passes over a pulley fixed at the edge of the table. A dish is tied to the end of the string. Step 4: Weights are added to the dish until the model topples. Step 5: The weight needed to topple the model is then recorded. Step 6: Steps 2 to 6 are repeated using sticks of different lengths. (i) Record the weight needed to topple models P, Q and R in Table 3.3.

Pulley Plasticine
10

Stick

8 cm Model P

50

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Form 2 Science Chapter 9

Pulley Plasticine
10

Stick

12 cm

20

Model Q

Pulley Plasticine
5

Stick

16 cm

10

Model R Model Length of straws(cm) Weight needed to topple model (N) P 8 Q 12 R 16

Table 3.3 [2 marks]

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Form 2 Science Chapter 9

(ii)

Using Table 3.3, draw a bar chart to show the weight needed to topple the different models. Weight needed to topple model (N)

70 60 50 40 30 20
[2 marks]

(c) State the relationship between the length of the sticks and the weight needed to topple 10 the model. . Model [1 mark] (d) State the variables involved in this experiment. Manipulated variable: Responding variable: Controlled variable: . . Size and shape of plasticine model [2 marks]
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Form 2 Science Chapter 9

(e) Based on the graph, predict the weight needed to topple the model if the length of the stick is longer than 16 cm. [1 mark] (f) Based on the experiment, state the relationship between the position of the centre of gravity and the stability of an object. [1 mark]

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Form 2 Science Chapter 9

4. Diagram 4.1 shows four tables, P, Q, R and S. Q S

Diagram 4.1 (a)(i) Which table is the most stable? [1 mark] (ii) Explain your answer in (a)(i). .. . [1 mark] (b)(i) Which table is the least stable? [1 mark] (ii) Explain your answer in ( b)(i). .. . [1 mark] (c) Arrange the tables according to their stability in descending order.

[2 marks]

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Form 2 Science Chapter 9

(d) Diagram 4.2 shows a racing car.

Diagram 4.2 How is a racing car designed so that it will not fall over easily in a race? [2 marks]

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