I. KHI NIM HM : 1. ngha : L cc biu thc dng x l, tnh tan d liu trn bng tnh.

h. Thng qua cc hm, ngi s dng c th tnh tan cc d liu.

2. Thnh phn v qui c ca Hm : C php chung ca 1 hm : = Tn hm ( Tham s 1, , Tham s n ) - thc hin hm phi bt u l du = - Tn hm phi vit ng c php tn. - Cc tham s hm phi khai bo trong du ( ) - Cc tham s c vit cch nhau bng du , hay ; - S lng tham s ph thuc v hm. - Cc hm c php vit lng vo nhau. Kt qu ca hm ny c th l ga tr xt ca hm kia.
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3. Cc thng bo li thng gp : Khi thc hin 1 tham chiu hay 1 hm khng ng thng gp cc bo li nh sau :
#NAME? : Khng ng tn Hm hay chui khng t trong . - ####### : Php ton m cho ngy hay gi. - #REF! : Khng xc nh c vng tham chiu a ch. - #DIV/0! : Khng xc nh php chia vi s chia = 0. - #VALUE! : Biu thc tnh ton khng thc hin vi chui. - #N/A : Khng tm thy c gi tr d trn bng d tm. - #NUM! : S qu ln. ( 10^309)
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II. KHI NIM THAM CHIU : 1. ngha : Dng c hay s dng gi tr ca 1 trong cng WorkSheet hay trong WorkBook. 2. Tham chiu a ch : a ch trong cng WorkSheet : C php : = a ch

A1 = 25

B1 = 4

C1 = 25 * 4
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2. Tham chiu a ch (tt):

a ch khc WorkSheet : C php : = TnSheet!a ch

A1 = 36

B1 = 5

Sheet1!C1 = 100

C1 = 36 * 5 + 100
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2. Tham chiu a ch (tt): a ch vng : C php : = a ch vng ( a ch u : a ch cui )

3. Cch khai bo a ch tham chiu :

- khai bo a ch tham chiu trong biu thc tnh tan hay hm Dng Mouse Click chn ( a ch ) hay Drag vng ( a ch vng ). Ch : - khai bo a ch vng nhng ch cha 1 a ch : a ch ( v d A2 : A2 ). - Khi s dng bn phm khai bo a ch Ch b g ting Vit. ( v d A4 )

4. a ch tham chiu tng i : L nhng a ch tham chiu trong cng thc s thay i gi tr Dng hay Ct khi thc hin thao tc Copy, Move
Copy

Copy

5. a ch tham chiu tuyt i : L nhng a ch tham chiu trong cng thc s khng thay i gi tr Dng hay Ct khi thc hin thao tc Copy, Move C php : $CtDng : Tuyt i ct khi c thao tc thay i a ch ct. Ct$Dng : Tuyt i dng khi c thao tc thay i a ch dng. $Ct$Dng : Tuyt i dng ct khi c thao tc thay i a ch. Cch khai bo : - Khi chn a ch hay a ch vng Bm phm F4 ln lt chn cc trng thi a ch tuyt i cn s dng.

F4

F4
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V d tham chiu tuyt i :

Thnh tin = S lng * n gi * T gi Vnd

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V d tham chiu tuyt i :

Thc hin cng thc ti B25 nhng c tc dng cho tt c cc khi thc hin Copy
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III. CC HM C BN : 1. Nhm hm x l s : - Kt qu tr v ca hm s l 1 gi tr s. INT(number) Phn nguyn nh nht ca s.

SQRT(number) ABS(number) MOD(number,divisor) Cn bc hai ca mt s. Tr tuyt i ca s. Phn d ca mt php chia. Number : S b chia, Divisor : S chia. Lm trn mt s n v tr ch nh. -1 hng n v. 0 phn cch thp phn. 1 s thp phn th nht.
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ROUND(number,num_digits)

V d nhm hm x l s :

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2. Nhm hm x l chui : - Kt qu tr v ca hm s l 1 chui. Ly s k t bn tri chui. LEFT(text,num_chars) Num_chars : S k t ct. Num_chars >0.
RIGHT(text,num_chars) Ly s k t bn phi chui.

Ly k t gia chui t v tr MID(text,start_num,num_chars) ch nh. Start_num : v tr bt u ly. LEN(text) TRIM(text) Xc nh di chui. Ct cc khang trng hai u chui.
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V d nhm hm x l chui 1:

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V d nhm hm x l chui 2:

Ly k t bn phi chui khng theo qui lut.

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3. Nhm hm chuyn i chui: - Kt qu tr v ca hm s l 1 chui.

LOWER(text) UPPER(text) PROPER(text) Ton t & Chuyn i chui thnh ch thng. Chuyn i chui thnh ch Hoa. Chuyn i k t u thnh ch Hoa. Php ni chui.

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V d nhm hm chuyn i chui:

Tan t & dng ni chui

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4. Nhm hm x l ngy : - Kt qu tr v ca hm s c gi tr kiu ngy.

DAY( serial_number ) MONTH( serial_number ) YEAR( serial_number ) DATE( Year,Month,day ) TODAY( ) -Ly gi tr ngy ca d liu ngy thng nm -Ly gi tr thng ca d liu ngy thng nm -Ly gi tr nm ca d liu ngy thng nm -Cho kt qu tng ng gi tr kiu ngy thng nm -Tr v ngy hin hnh ca h thng
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V d nhm hm x l ngy :

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5. Nhm hm x l gi : - Kt qu tr v ca hm s c gi tr kiu gi. Ly gi tr giy ca d liu gi SECOND( serial_number ) pht giy.

MINUTE( serial_number ) HOUR( serial_number ) TIME( Hour,minute,second ) NOW() Ly gi tr pht ca d liu gi pht giy. Ly gi tr gi ca d liu gi pht giy. Cho kt qu tng ng gi tr kiu gi pht giy. Tr v ngy gi hin hnh ca h thng.
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V d nhm hm x l gi :

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6. Nhm hm chuyn i kiu :

- Kt qu tr v ca hm s c kiu s hay chui ty theo hm. TEXT( value,format_text) Chuyn gi tr s thnh 1 chui nh dng c n v tnh. Chuyn i kiu d liu chui sang dng s. - Nu l k s S - Nu l k t 0 - Nu l k s c th khng dng hm Value bng cch * 1 chuyn sang kiu s.

VALUE( text )

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V d nhm hm chuyn kiu :

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7. Nhm hm thng k : - Kt qu tr v ca hm l 1 gi tr s.
SUM( number1,number2,... ) COUNT( value1,value2,... ) AVERAGE( number1,number2,... ) MAX( number1,number2,... ) MIN( number1,number2,... ) COUNTA( value1,value2,... ) Tng cc gi tr l kiu s. m s phn t c kiu s. Trung bnh cng cc gi tr kiu s. Gi tr Max ca kiu s. Gi tr Min ca kiu s. m s c d liu.
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V d nhm hm thng k :

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8. Nhm hm iu kin :
IF( logical_test , value_if_true , value_if_false ) Logical_test : Chui biu thc xt iu kin. Value_if_true : Gi tr hay biu thc thc hin khi chui iu kin xt = True ( ng ) Value_if_false : Gi tr hay biu thc thc hin khi chui iu kin xt = False ( Sai ) Logical_test : Chui biu thc xt iu kin c th l 1 php so snh, 1 hm L lun , 1 hm iu kin lng Value_if_true, Value_if_false : Gi tr thc hin c th l 1 s, chui hay 1 hm iu kin lng Ch : Hm iu kin cho php lng vo nhau nhiu cp. Mi hm IF gii quyt 2 vn .
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V d nhm hm iu kin 1:

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V d nhm hm iu kin 2 :

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9. Nhm hm l lun ( logic ) : - Kt qu tr v ca hm l 1 l lun ( True ng / False Sai)

Hm iu kin v. Kt qu tr v : - True khi tt c l lun True - False khi c 1 l lun False Hm iu kin hoc. Kt qu tr v - True khi c 1 l lun True - False khi tt c l lun False Hm ph nh.

AND( logical1,logical2,... )

OR( logical1,logical2,... )

NOT( logical )

Ch : Khi thc hin hm And, Or lng nhau phi ch n du ) kt thc hm.

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V d nhm hm l lun - Logic :

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10. Nhm hm thng k c iu kin :

COUNTIF( range,criteria ) m cc phn t trong vng tha iu kin.

Tnh tng gi tr tng ng SUMIF( range,criteria,sum_range ) cc phn t trong vng tha iu kin range : Vng cha cc gi tr iu kin xt ( Ch thc hin trn 1 ct d liu ) Sum_range : Vng cha cc gi tr cng khi tha iu kin. criteria : iu kin xt. iu kin xt c th l : - cha gi tr - Chui , s , php so snh t trong -C th s dng ton t i din * , ? Cho iu kin
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V d nhm hm thng k c iu kin :

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11. Nhm hm d tm Tra cu :

a. Hm d tm trn ct v dngu tin ca bng d:
VLOOKUP(lookup_value,table_array,col_index_num,range_lookup) HLOOKUP(lookup_value,table_array,row_index_num,range_lookup)
Lookup_value :Gi tr d tm (c th l mt s, mt chui, mt cng thc tr v gi tr Table_array ) :Bng d (col_index_num ) : ct ly gi tr ( range_lookup ):0/1 a ch bng d (Table_array) : phi l vng tuyt i. Ct ly gi tr tr v (Col_index_num): phi >=1 v phi <= tng s ct. Cch d (range_lookup) : 0 - False : D tm chnh xc 1 - True : D tm tng i ( Mc nh )
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V d d tm theo ct gi tr d trn vn t 1 :

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V d d tm theo ct cch d tng i :

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V d d tm theo ct gi tr d khng trn vn :

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V d d tm theo ct gi tr d l 1 php ni chui :

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V d d tm theo ct ly gi tr t nhiu ct ph thuc iu kin :

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V d d tm theo ct bng cha gi tr ly t nhiu bng ph thuc vo iu kin :

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V d d tm theo dng :

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