Chu Xun Minh

Ph Chnh to Dn s TANDTC
I. MT S VN CHUNG
Quan h hn nhn l loi quan h tn ti trong mt thi gian di. Nh nc ta 3 ln ban hnh Lut
Hn nhn v Gia nh (1959, 1986, 2000). Thi k hn nhn ca mt quan h hn nhn c th bt
u trc khi ban hnh Lut HN-G 1959 ang c hiu lc v chm dt thi im Lut HN-G
1986 ang c hiu lc (kt hn nm 1965 v ly hn nm 1995, chng hn). Vn t ra l, p dng
Lut HN-G thi im no (khi kt hn hay khi ly hn) gii quyt tranh chp v quan h HN v
G. Thc tin cho thy trong qu trnh xt x cn c nhiu Thm phn hiu cha ng hiu lc p
dng ca Lut HN-G v do vy, khng xc nh ng tnh cht ca quan h hn nhn (hp php
hay khng hp php), tnh cht php l ca ti sn (ti sn ring hay ti sn chung) nn xc nh
khng ng v quyn, ngha v ca cc ch th. Trong nhiu n khiu ni, khng co, Ta n
thng gp cu hi l: "Ti sao quan h hn nhn ca cha m chng ti chm dt t lu m li
mang php lut hin nay ra p dng, soi xt?". V cng c cu hi ngc li: "Ti sao Lut Hn
nhn v Gia nh 1959 ht hiu lc, Ta n vn cn p dng phn quyt ti sn ring l ti sn
chung?".
i vi vic gii quyt chm dt quan h hn nhn th cn xc nh tnh cht quan h hn nhn
thi im th l v n. Nhng i vi nhng vic xin chia tha k th cn xc nh tnh cht quan
h hn nhn thi im m tha k. T vic xc nh c tnh cht ca quan h hn nhn mi
xc nh ng c cc quyn, ngha v c th.
V d: Quan h gia ng A, v b B c xc nh l quan h hn nhn hp php th khi ng A cht
trc, b B c quyn hng tha k ca ng A, v vic chia ti sn chung ca ng A v b B tun
theo Lut Hn nhn vGia nh; nu gia hai ngi khng c cng nhn l hn nhn hp php th
b B khng c hng tha k ca ng A v vic chia ti sn chung tun theo quy nh ca Lut
Dn s.
Php lut dn s thng l khng c hiu lc "hi t" v php lut dn s ch yu l xc nh cc
quyn v ngha v ca cc ch th, hng dn x s ca cc ch th. xc nh mt ch th c
nhng quyn g, phi thc hin nhng ngha v g, x s ca h c hp php khng l phi cn c
vo php lut thi im giao dch. Lut HN-G tuy mang tnh cht ca lut dn s ni chung
nhng, khng phi l khng c nhng quy nh c tnh cht "hi t" (s ni phn sau).
Trong khong thi gian c hiu lc ca mt lut c th (c th l Lut 1959, 1986, 2000) bao gi
cng c h thng nhng vn bn php lut gii thch, hng dn p dng lut . V d:
hng dn thi hnh Lut Hn nhn v Gia nh 1959 (thi gian c hiu lc t 3/1/1987 n
31/12/2000) c Ngh quyt t 13/1/1960 n 2/1/1987) c Thng t 60 ngy 22/2/1978 ca Ta n
nhn dn ti cao
Tng t nh vy, hng dn thi hnh Lut Hn nhn v Gia nh nm 1986 (thi gian c hiu
lc t 3/1/1987 n 31/12/2000) c Ngh quyt 01/NQ-HTP ngy 20-1-1988 ca Hi ng thm
phn Ta n nhn dn ti cao
ng lu l, Lut Hn nhn v Gia nh nm 2000 (c hiu lc t ngy 1/1/2001) c nhiu vn
bn hng dn p dng v c bit l c nhiu vn bn php lut hng dn p dng ca Chnh
ph. Nhiu vn bn php lut ca Chnh ph khng ch bao gm nhng quy phm mang tnh cht
ca lut dn s, khng phi ch c quan hnh chnh thc thin vic p dng lut m cn Ta
n phi p dng nhng quy nh ny khi gii quyt cc n kin v hn nhn v gia nh (v d Ngh
nh s 70/2001/N-CP ngy 3/10/2001 quy nh chi tit thi hnh Lut Hn nhn v Gia nh).

Trong phm vi thi gian c hiu lc ca mt lut c th, khi c vn bn hng dn p dng (vn bn
di lut) th chng ta phi tun th cc quy nh c th ca vn bn hng dn . Tuy nhin, i
vi nhng vn cha c hng dn p dng th phi cn c cc quy nh ca Lut (tinh thn v li
vn ca iu lut, cc nguyn tc chung, v c thc php lut) p dng gi quyt cc v n ch
khng th cho rng cha c hng dn th cha p dng.
V d: c quy nh v vic hn ch quyn ca cha, m i vi con cha thnh nin (iu 41 Lut
Hn nhn v Gia nh nm 2000). Tuy y l quy nh mi, cha c hng dn nhng To n khng
th t chi khng th l, xt x v cha c hng dn p dng.
V phm vi p dng nhng vn bn hng dn ca Lut c, nay c Lut mi th c cn gi tr p
dng hay khng, chng ti c kin nh sau:
Nhng vn trc y hng dn nhng nay c hng dn thay th th phi p dng
hng dn mi. V d: Trc y c hng dn xc nh v tiu ch hn nhn thc t. Nay nu
quan h hn nhn thc t vn tip tc tn ti th tiu ch xc nh li theo hng dn mi (NQ
35/2000 v TTLT 01/2001).
Nhng nhiu vn c hng dn trc y, nay cha c hng dn mi v hng dn c
khng tri vi cc quy nh ca Lut mi th chng ta c quyn v cn thit phi vn dng nhng
hng dn trc y. V d: Thng t s 01 Ta n nhn dn ti cao ngy 6/1/1964; NQ 01/NQHTP ngy 20/1/1988 ca Hi ng thm phn Ta n nhn dn ti cao
Tuy nhin cn lu l: Nhng vn bn php lut trc y vn c gi tr p dng l nhng hng
dn xt x, gii quyt n kin cn nhng vn bn php quy c tnh hng dn x s ca cc ch
th (V d: iu kin kt hn, th tc kt hn) th khng th cn gi tr hng dn sau khi Lut c
ht hiu lc.
Di gc nghin cu v hiu lc p dng Lut Hn nhn v Gia nh theo thi gian, trong phm
vi bi vit ny, chng ti xin trao i v vic p dng hiu lc theo thi gian xc nh quan h hn
nhn hp php i vi trng hp khng tun theo nguyn tc mt v mt chng, trng hp khng
ng k kt hn, v vn xc nh ti sn ring ca v, chng.
II. XC NH HN NHN HP PHP TRONG TRNG HP KHNG TUN THEO NGUYN
TC MT V MT CHNG
1. Trng hp kt hn trc khi Lut Hn nhn Gia nh c hiu lc:
Do c im lch s ca nc ta, Lut Hn nhn v Gia nh nm 1959 (c hiu lc ngy
13/1/1960) sau khi ban hnh, mi ch c hiu lc min Bc. Theo quy nh ca Lut ny th k t
13/1/1960, nhng trng hp kt hn vi phm nguyn tc mtt v mt chng l hn nhn khng hp
php. Cc quan h hn nhn xc lp trc thi im 13/1/1960 khng b iu chnh bi nguyn tc
ca Lut hn nhn v Gia nh 1959 nn d c quan h hn nhn nhiu v, nhiu chng vn c
coi l hp php (ni chnh xc l khng tri php lut). Nhng quan h hn nhn ny l hp php
nn cc ch th (v hoc chng) c quyn v ngha v theo quan h hn nhn hp php. C th
nh, h c quyn tha k ti sn ca nhau nhng nu h khng c Ta n cho ly hn m kt
hn vi ngi khc (k t thi im 13/1/1960) l tri php lut, hn nhn sau khng c cng
nhn.
Cng cn lu l, quan h hn nhn nhiu v, nhiu chng trc Lut Hn nhn v gia nh 1959
c th c ng k gi th, cng c th khng c ng k. Do tn ti lch s, chng ta khng ch tha
nhn nhng quan h hn nhn c ng k l hp php m c nhng quan h hn nhn thc t cng
c coi l hp php.

 min Nam, thi im p dng Lut Hn nhn v gia nh 1959 l ngy 25/3/1977 (ngy ban hnh
Ngh quyt 76/CP cng b danh mc vn bn php lut p dng trong c nc, trong c lut Hn
nhn v gia nh nm 1959). Tng t nh min Bc , nhng quan h hn nhn xc lp trc
ngy 25/3/1977 min Nam khng tun theo nguyn tc mt v mt chng vn c cng nhn
hp php.
2. Trng hp cng nhn hn nhn hp php theo TT60/TATC ngy 22/2/1978 ca Ta n
nhn dn ti cao.
i tng cp trong Thng t 60 l b i, cn b c v, c chng min Nam tp kt ra min
Bc, ly v, chng khc. Thng t 60 quy nh: Nay nu v hoc chng min Nam vn khng c
quan h hn nhn mi v vn mun duy tr quan h hn nhn trc y th cng nhn c hn nhn
trc y v hn nhn mi l hn nhn hp php.
Cn ch l Thng t 60 quy nh hng gii quyt kh c th cho tng loi quan h hn nhn v
ch vi nhng quan h hn nhn c xc lp trong thi gian t sau ngy k Hip nh Ginev n
ngy Lut Hn nhn v gia nh p dng trong c nc (t ngy 20/7/1954 n 25/3/1977).
Quy nh ca Thng t 60 l trng hp cng nhn hn nhn hp php c bit trn c s xt n
hon cnh c bit ca chin tranh, yu cu n nh quan h gia nh ph hp o l v gii quyt
hu qu c bit ca chin tranh.
Vn t ra l, trng hp cn b, b i c quan h hn nhn min Bc, vo min Nam
chin u, cng tc li c quan h hn nhn mi min Nam c c cng nhn hn nhn mi
min nam l hp php theo quy nh ca Thng t 60 hay khng? Trc ht, phi xc nh cc i
tng ny khng phi l cc ch th thuc phm vi iu chnh ca Thng t 60. Tuy nhin, trong mt
s trng hp c bit do hon cnh c bit ca chin tranh v yu cu nhim v cng tc m c
c s xem xt ging nh quy nh ti Thng t 60 th chng ti cho rng cng cn cng nhn quan
h hn nhn mi ca h l hp php (cng vi quan h hn nhn c trc min Bc). V d:
Do iu kin cng tc m c quan, t chc ca mt ngi ng cho h kt hn (mc d h ang
c quan h hn nhn min Bc)
Ring vi trng hp ang c quan h hn nhn min Bc li kt hn min Nam trong khong
thi gian t 1/5/1975 n trc 25/3/1977 (thi gian m t nc thng nht nhng Lut Hn
nhn v gia nh cha p dng min Nam) th khng th cng nhn quan h hn nhn sau l hp
php. Ngi ang c quan h hn nhn min Bc bit r quan h hn nhn m h ang c l hp
php v vic h cha c ly hn li kt hn vi ngi khc l tri php lut; iu kin t nc
gii phng, thng nht nn khng cn c s chp nhn vic h khng thc hin Lut Hn
nhn v Gia nh 1959.
3. C nn c ch nh v ly hn thc t
Theo quy nh ca Lut Hn nhn v Gia nh th vic ly hn phi c Ta n cng nhn. Mt quan
h hn nhn khng b coi l bt hp php m cha c Ta n cho ly hn th n vn tn ti cho d
v, chng sng ly thn nhiu nm. Nu ngi v hoc ngi chng i kt hn vi ngi khc th
quan h hn nhn sau l bt hp php. Tuy nhin, nu p dng nguyn tc trn cho c nhng quan
h hn nhn c xc lp trc khi Lut Hn nhn v Gia nh c hiu lc (trc 13/1/1960 min
Bc v trc 25/3/1977 min Nam) th s pht sinh nhng hu qu php l khng n v mt o
l.
V d 1: ng A kt hn vi b B nm 1955 ti Hu. Nm 1959, b B vo Si Gn sinh sng v kt
hn vi ngi khc. ng A li Hu v chung sng vi ngi ph n khc (c con chung). Nm
1995, b B do v n b k bin pht mi ngi nh m b ng tn mua ti Si Gn nm 1960. ng A

khi kin cho rng, ng vn l chng hp php ca b B v ngi nh b B ng tn mua nm 1960

chnh l ti sn chung ca ng v b B, ng yu cu c chia 1/2 nh.
V d 2: ng X kt hn vi b Y nm 1965 ti M Tho. ng X tham gia khng chin v nh b Y
c quan h hn nhn vi ngi khc. Sau ngy gii phng, ng X c bit b Y ly chng, v ng
X thc t khng cn quan h v chng vi b Y na. Nm 1978, ng X kt hn vi b H (c ng k
kt hn). Nm 2000, ng X cht, nm 2001 v b Y cht. Nay, cc con chung ca ng X v b Y cho
rng quan h v chng gia ng X v b Y l hp php v cha c Ta n no cho ly hn nn quan
h v chng gia ng X v b H l khng hp php; yu cu khng cho b H hng tha k ca
ng X.
Cc yu cu khi kin ca cc ng s hai v d nu trn (thc t c nhng v kin tng t
c c s php l nhng li gng p v mt o l. Trc khi Lut Hn nhn v Gia nh c hiu
lc, ng A v b B (trong v d 1) cng nh ng X v b Y (trong v d 2) u xc nh h thc t
chm dt quan h v chng, (h hng v x hi xc nh nh vy) v h khng phi kin ra Ta
xin ly hn (i vi quan h hn nhn c) th quan h mi m h ang c vn c tha nhn. Nay,
da vo 2 quy dnh phi c Ta n cho ly hn mi l ly hn hp php nhm trn trnh ngha v
(nh v d 1) hay tc b quyn li chnh ng ca ngi khc (nh v d 2) c tho ng khng?
Chng ti cho rng, nn c quy nh v vic ly hn thc t, khng cng nhn h cn tn ti quan h
vi chng trong trng hp quan h hn nhn thc t chm dt trc khi Lut hn nhn v
Gia nh c hiu lc (trc 13/1/1960 min Bc v trc 25/3/1977 min Nam).
Thc t cng tng c quy nh v ly hn thc t. l quy nh trong Thng t 60: "Nu ngi
v trong min Nam thc s ly chng khc, nay li i tr v vi ngi chng tp kt v ngi
ny c gia nh khc ri, th Ta n gii thch chnh sch khuyn h rt n nu h khng rt n
th s bc n".
III. CNG NHN HN NHN HP PHP I VI TRNG HP KHNG NG K KT HN.
1. Ngh quyt s 35/2000 NQ-QH10 ngy 9/6/2000 ca Quc hi nc Cng ha x hi ch
ngha Vit Nam v thc hin Lut Hn nhn v Gia nh
Ngh quyt s 35/2000) l vn bn hng dn thi hnh Lut Hn nhn v gia nh nm 2000 m ni
dung ch yu l x l i vi hn nhn khng c ng k kt hn. Cc vn bn php lut hng dn
theo NQ 35/2000 l:
- Ngh nh s 77/2001/N-CP ngy 22/10/2001 ca Chnh ph (Ngh nh 77/2001)
- Ngh quyt s 02/2000 NQ-HTP ngy 23/12/2000 ca Hi ng Thm phn Ta n nhn dn ti
cao (NQ s 02/2000).
- Thng t lin tch s 01/2001/TTLT-TANDTC-VKSNDTC-BTP ngy 3-1-2001 (Thng t lin tch s
01/2001).
- Cng vn s 112/2001 -KHXX ngy 14/9/2001 ca To n nhn dn ti cao (Cng vn s
112/2001).
- Kt lun s 84a/UBTVQH 11 ngy 29/4/2003 ca U ban Thng v Quc hi (kt lun s 84 a).
T Ngh quyt s 35/2000, c mt s thut ng, khi nim cn lu l:
- "Quan h v chng c xc lp" ch thi im bt u chung sng vi nhau nh v chng hay
l ngy kt hn thc t.

- "Nam v n chung sng vi nhau nh v chng" l tnh trng m trc y gi l "hn nhn thc
t".
- "p dng cc quy nh v ly hn" c ngha cng nhn quan h hn nhn cng l hn nhn hp
php, gii quyt cho ly hn nh cc trng hp hn nhn hp php khc.
- "Khng cng nhn quan h v chng" thay th cho thut ng "tiu hn" trc y. Cng cn lu
cng vi loi quan h hn nhn b tuyn b "khng cng nhn quan h v chng" th cn c loi
quan h hn nhn b tuyn b "hu vic kt hn tri php lut" (l vic xc lp quan h v chng c
ng k kt hn nhng vi phm iu kin kt hn do php lut quy nh - khon 3 iu 8 Lut Hn
nhn v Gia nh nm 2000).
Cng l quan h chung sng vi nhau nh v chng khng ng k kt hn, NQ 35/2000 chia cc
quan h trn thnh 3 loi c quy nh gii quyt khc nhau cn c vo thi im xc lp quan h:
- Loi xc lp trc khi Lut Hn nhn v Gia nh nm 1986 c hiu lc:
- Loi xc lp trong thi k Lut Hn nhn v Gia dnh nm 1986 c hiu lc;
- Loi xc lp sau khi Lut Hn nhn v Gia nh nm 1986 ht hiu lc (thay th bng lut Hn
nhn v gia nh nm 2000).
i vi quan h v chng c xc lp trc khi Lut Hn nhn v gia nh 1986 c hiu lc (trc
ngy 03/01/1987) c quy nh iu a khon 3. Loi quan h ny khng bt buc phi ng k
kt hn m ch khuyn khch ng k kt hn. Nu h ng k kt hn th vic tham gia cc giao dch
c cn c php l v thun li hn, Nh nc to iu kin h ng k kt hn c d dng.
Nhng d h c ng k kt hn hay khng ng k kt hn th quan h v chng vn c cng
nhn l hp php v thi k hn nhn hp php bt u k t ngy xc lp.
Trng hp quan h v chng xc lp k t ngy Lut Hn nhn v Gia nh c hiu lc
(01/01/2001) tr i c quy nh im c khon 3. Loi quan h ny khng c cng nhn l v
chng hp php; khi h i ng k kt hn th thi k hn nhn hp php cng ch c tnh k t
ngy ng k.
Trng hp quan h v chng xc lp trong thi gian c hiu lc ca Lut Hn nhn v Gia nh
nm 1986 (t 03/01/1987 n ngy 01/01/2001) c quy nh trong im b khon 3. y l trng
hp c quy dnh c th phc tp hn hai loi nu trn, cn phi lu khi p dng.
Quy nh ca im b khon 3 ca NQ 35/2000 c hng dn chi tit ti "Thng t lin tch
01/2001 l:
- Ngy h t chc l ci.
- (hoc) ngy h v chung sng vi nhau c gia nh (mt hoc hai bn) chp nhn.
- (hoc) ngy h thc s bt u chung sng vi nhau c ngi khc hay t chc chng kin.
- (hoc) ngy h thc s bt u chung sng vi nhau, chm sc gip nhau, cng nhau xy dng
gia nh.
Xc nh thi im bt u hn nhn nh trn l tng ng iu kin "c coi nam v n
chung sng vi nhau l v chng"- (im d khon 1 TTLT 01/2001). ng lu l cc tiu ch xc
nh y m rng hn nhiu so vi cc hng dn trc v "hn nhn thc t". Khng i hi

h phi "c con chung, c ti sn chung", "sng chung cng khai c h hng, x hi tha nhn"
nh hng dn trc y. iu kin c th nu ti im b khon 3 NQ 35/2000 ch i hi thuc mt
trong nhng trng hp sau y:
- C t chc l ci khi v chung sng vi nhau:
- Vic h v chung sng vi nhau c gia nh (mt hoc c hai bn) chp nhn;
- Vic h v chung sng vi nhau c ngi khc hay t chc chng kin;
- H thc s c chung sng vi nhau, chm sc, gip nhau, cng nhau xy dng gia nh.
c trng quy nh cho trng hp ti im b khon 3 NQ 35/2000 khc vi trng hp quan h v
chng xc lp trc Lut Hn nhn v Gia nh nm 1986 (trc 3/1/1987) v sau Lut Hn nhn v
gia nh 1986 (t 01/01/2001) l quy nh mt thi hn h i ng k kt hn. Thi hn "ng k
chm" 2 nm ny ginh quyn cho h hp php ho quan h v chng. V nh vy, c th c cc
kh nng nh sau:
-Trng hp 1: H xin ly hn trong thi gian "ng k chm". Trong thi hn ny, h khng ng k
kt hn m yu cu xin ly hn th "To n p dng cc quy nh ca Lut Hn nhn v Gia nh nm
2000 gii quyt". C ngha l hn nhn c ca h c cng nhn l hp php t thi im
xc lp n thi im cho ly hn: cc quyn v ngha v php l xut hin trong thi k hn nhn ny
ging nh cc quan h hn nhn hp php khc.
V d 3: ng A v v B chung sng vi nhau nh v chng t 01/01/1988 khng c ng k kt hn.
Nm 1995, ng A mua c mt ngi nh (khng c cng sc ca b B). Nm 1999, ng A bn nh
cho ng C (b B khng ng bn nh). Ngy 2/1/2001, ng A xin ly hn b B. Ta n c c s xc
nh cho ly hn v xc nh ngi nh mua nm 1995 l ti sn chung phn chia cho ng A v b
B: hp ng mua bn nh gia ng A vi ng C l v hiu.
- Trng hp 2: H ng k kt hn trong thi gian "ng k chm". Quan h hn nhn ca h c
cng nhn hp php k t thi im xc lp. Trong v d 3 nu trn, nu ng A v b B li i ng k
kt hn vo ngy ny, sau mi xin ly hn v n ngy 1/1/2001 mi c xt cho ly hn th thi
k hn nhn hp php ca ng A v B l t 1/1/1988 n 1/1/2004 ch khng phi ch t 2/1/2001
(ngy ng k kt hn) n ngy cho ly hn. V nh vy, ngi nh to lp nm 1995 l ti sn chung
ca v chng.
- Trng hp 3: n 15/1/2003, ng A v b B mi ng k kt hn. Trng hp ny, quan h hn
nhn hp php ca ng A v b B ch c tnh k t thi im kt hn (15/1/2003). V nh vy,
ngi nh to lp nm 1995 l ti sn c trc hn nhn, n ng nhin l ti sn ring ca ng A.
Bi v, qua ngy 1/1/2003 h khng ng k kt hn l h t xo kh nng cng nhn thi k
hn nhn hp php ca ton b qu trnh chung sng trc .
-Trng hp 4: Sau ngy 1/1/2003, ng A v b B khng ng k kt hn v mt trong hai ngi xin
ly hn th phi x khng cng nhn h l v chng. Thm ch, h khng c To n x cho ly hn
m t i kt hn vi ngi khc th hn nhn mi khng b coi l vi phm ch mt v mt chng
(v sau ngy 1/1/2003 quan h chung sng trc gia ng A v b B ng nhin b coi l khng
hp php).
2. Mt s lu lin quan n Ngh quyt 35/2000
a. Kt lun s 84a UBTVQH 11 ngy 29/4/2003

Do vic t chc ng k kt hn cho cc i tng thuc im b khon 3 NQ 35/2000 nhiu a

phng cn chm tr nn U ban Thng v Quc hi quy nh i vi cc trng hp n ng
k lm th tc kt hn t ngy 1/1/2003 tr v trc m vn cha c hon thin th tc kt hn
th "Cc c quan Nh nc c thm quyn phi tip tc hon tt th tc ng k kt hn cng nhn
h l v chng k t khi h chung sng vi nhau nh v chng trn thc t".
Nh vy, c mt s trng hp ng k kt hn sau ngy 1/1/2003 ( qu thi k "ng k chm") s
vn c cng nhn thi k hn nhn hp php t ngy xc lp ch khng phi ch t ngy ng
k.
Tuy nhin, chng ti cho rng, thc t phi c ng k kt hn ng th tc theo quy nh ca
Lut Hn nhn v gia nh nm 2000 th nhng trng hp nu trn mi c hng "u i' theo
Kt lun 84a; cn mc d h xin ng k kt hn m sau h t b nh kt hn (hoc mt
bn t b) hoc c quan c thm quyn ng k kt hn xc nh c s vi phm iu kin kt hn
khc nn khng cp ng k kt hn th h vn khng c cng nhn l v chng.
b. Trng hp cn c vi phm iu kin kt hn khc
C trng hp chung sng nh v chng khng nhng khng ng k kt hn m cn vi phm cc
iu kin kt hn khc.
V d 4: Anh A chung sng nh v chng vi ch B t 1/1/1995. Khi y anh A mi 18 tui. Ngy
15/1/2001, anh A v ch B ng k kt hn. Vy th thi k hn nhn hp php ca h c tnh t
ngy xc lp (1/1/1995) hay t khi anh A tui kt hn (2/1/1996). NQ35/2000 quy nh hp php
ho cho nhng quan h hn nhn cha ng k nu nh khng vi phm cc iu kin kt hn
khc nn thi k hn nhn hp php phi c tnh t khi h khng cn vi phm no khc ngoi
vi phm khng ng k kt hn. Trong trng hp ny, ngy c tnh bt u thi k hn nhn
hp php l t 2/1/1996.
V d 5: Anh X v ch Y chung sng nh v chng t nm 1998. Khi y, anh X cn c v l ch T. n
15/1/2001, anh X mi c To n cho ly hn ch T v bn n c hiu lc php lut. Anh X v chi Y
i ng k kt hn ngy 15/2/2001. Vy thi k hn nhn hp php ca anh X v ch Y c c tnh
t ngy xc lp (1998) hay khng?
Thi im bt u chung sng ca anh X v ch Y nm trong thi k t 3/1/1987 n 1/1/2001 nh
cc trng hp quy nh ti im b khon 3 NQ35/2000. Thi im ng k kt hn ca anh X v ch
Y cng l trong thi gian "ng k chm" t 1/1/2001 n 1/1/2003. Tuy nhin, thi im bt u
chung sng h cn c vi phm vo ch mt v mt chng. Thi im h khc phc c vi phm
ny (15/1/2001) l nm ngoi thi gian NQ35/2000 quy nh t (3/1/1987 n 1/1/2001). V vy, quan
h hn nhn anh X ch Y khng thuc loi quy nh im b khon 3 NQ35/2000. Anh X v ch Y
ch c cng nhn c quan h hn nhn hp php k t ngy ng k kt hn l ngy 15/02/2001.
3. Hiu lc "hi t" ca NQ 35/2000
NQ 35/2000 c thng qua ngy 9/6/2000, nhng l Ngh quyt hng dn thi hnh Lut Hn nhn
v gia nh nm 2000 nn cng ch c hiu lc thi hnh k t khi Lut Hn nhn v Gia nh nm
2000 c hiu lc (t ngy 1/1/2001). Trong NQ 35/2000 c mt s ni dung c tnh cht "hi t"
nhng khng phi tt c cc giao dch lin quan n hn nhn v gia nh trc 1/1/2001 u c
p dng NQ 35/2000. Nhng quan h hn nhn cn tn ti n thi im NQ 35/2000 cho hiu
lc mi l nhng quan h hn nhn thuc phm vi quy nh ti khon 3 NQ 35/2000.
V d 6: ng A v b B chung sng t 1988. n 1995, ng A cht. xc nh c cng nhn ng A
v b B c quan h hn nhn hp php (hn nhn thc t) hay khng, phi cn c vo cc quy nh
ca php lut thi im m tha k ca ng A (1995). Khng th p dng cc tiu ch xc nh

hn nhn quy nh NQ 35/2000 v cc vn bn hng dn p dng Ngh quyt ny xc nh

tnh cht quan h hn nhn gia ng A v b B.
Trong trng hp ng A cht vo thi im sau khi NQ 35/2000 c hiu lc (v d: 15/1/2001) th
phi p dng NQ 35/2000 v cc vn bn hng dn p dng ngh quyt ny. Nu nh vic xc lp
quan h v chng ca ng A v b B thuc mt trong cc trng hp quy nh Thng t lin tch
01/2001 th phi cng nhn quan h hn nhn gia ng A v b B l hp php v thi k hn nhn
hp php l t khi xc lp (1988) n khi ng A cht (15/01/2001). Mc d h cha ng k kt
hn v cng khng th thc hin vic ng k kt hn trong thi hn quy nh c na (v mt bn
cht) nhng NQ 35/2000 quy nh "trong thi hn ny (1/1/2001 n 1/1/2003) m h khng
ng k kt hn, nhng c yu cu ly hn th Ta n p dng cc quy nh v ly hn ca Lut Hn
nhn v gia nh nm 2000 gii quyt" cng c ngha l xc nh h c quan h hn nhn hp
php thi im m tha k ca ng A (15/1/2001). Vn ny cng c gii thch ti
khon 1 ca Kt lun 84a.
IV. PHM VI HIU LC CA LUT HN NHN V GIA NH THEO THI GIAN V VN TI
SN RING
Vn ti sn ring ca v, chng l vn cn kh mi m v phc tp. Trong phm vi bi vit
ny, chng ti ch xin trao i v vic xc nh ti sn ring theo phm vi hiu lc ca Lut Hn nhn
v gia nh theo thi gian.