Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Program Objectives
By the end of this program you will be able to
Define and understand theory of Transactional Analysis Identify the three ego states Parent-Child-Adult Understand the term stroke and its importance Differentiate between injunctions and counter injunctions Define decisions and redecisions Apply TA to daily life
What is TA?
Transactional Analysis (TA) is theory of personality and organised system of interactional therapy
Current decisions are made based on past premises Premises that were appropriate to our survival needs but may be no longer valid
Why TA?
In achieving autonomy
Capacity to make new decisions (redecide) Empower lives Alter course of lives Evolve and establish enriching relationships in both personal life and work life Can build effective teams at work place
TA was developed by Eric Berne(1961) Developed as an extension to psychoanalysis to treat groups Dusay and Dusay (1989) further developed TA The four phases of TA
Parent , Child and Adult Transactions and games Life scripts and script analysis
TA-Key Concepts
View of Human Nature The Ego States The Need for Strokes Injunctions and counterinjunctions Decisions and Redecisions Games Life positions and Life scripts
Ego State-Parent
Values, Morals, Core beliefs and behaviours learned from parents Shoulds and Oughts Strikingly similar to those of our parents and other significant people We may use phrases, gestures, voice and mannerisms of our parents Taught concept of our life Nurturing parent Critical parent
Processor of data Objective of the person Niether emotional nor judgmental Based on facts and external reality Thought concept of life
The Adult without passionate convictions need empathy and intuition to be resolved
A set of behaviours, thoughts and feelings replayed from our own childhood; our original part Impulses, spontaneous actions Felt concept of life Natural child
Expressed as
Adapted child
TA-Descriptive Model
Ineffective modes :
Negative Controlling Parent : "You're not OK" and is punitive. Negative Nurturing Parent : "You're not OK" message. Engulfing and overprotective. Negative Adapted Child "I'm not OK" Emotions as depression, unrealistic fear and anxiety. Negative Free Child "You're not OK" Runs wild with no restrictions or boundaries.
TA-Descriptive Model
Effective modes
Positive Nurturing Parent "You're OK". Caring and Affirming. Positive Controlling Parent "You're OK". Offering constructive criticism, whilst being caring but firm. Positive Adapted Child "I'm OK From this mode we learn the rules to help us live with others. Positive Free Child "I'm OK" Creative, Fun loving, Curious and Energetic
TA-Descriptive Model
Accounting mode
"We're OK" Is able to assess reality Possible to choose the behaviour Able to respond appropriately Wont flip into archaic or historic ways of being, thinking and behaving which are likely to be inappropriate and unhelpful
TA-Strokes
What is a stroke?
TA-Strokes
Strokes can be
Verbal
Through words Body language or written Accepted for being you who are Accepted only when you are in a certain way I like you , appreciation , smiles , friendly gestures and warm touch I dont like you anger, refusal etc
Non verbal
Unconditional (being)
conditional (doing)
Positive
Negative
TA- Injunctions
Injunctions are messages we send out As expressions of disappointment, anxiety , frustration and unhappiness And are issued from parents child ego state When parents feel threatened by childs behaviour They establish donts by which children learn to live Predominantly given nonverbally at psychological level between birth and 7 years of age
Dont, dont be , dont be close, dont be separate from me, dont be sex you are dont want , dont need, dont think, dont feel, dont be child, dont grow up, dont succeed , dont belong etc.
TA- Counterinjunctions
Attempt to counter the effect of injunctions They come from parents Parent ego state Given when observed children are not doing well or being comfortable Are given at social level They convey the shoulds, oughts, dos, of parental expectations
And they affect our thinking , feeling and behaving They are recorded in our unconscious brain Let us see an example
I am scared of making a wrong decision, I simply wont decide Because I made a dumb choice, I wont decide on anything imp I would better be perfect if I hope to accepted
TA believes that people can make substantial changes in their lives by changing their decisions- by re deciding at that moment TA assumes that anything that has been learned can be relearned Redecision frame work
Revisit or relive the scenes which made to make self limiting decisions Think possible alternative decisions could have been made Redecide e.g.
Dont grow : Injunction Decision made : I will remain child for ever Redecision : I will be the man I want to be, not the boy you want me to be
TA-Games
Ends with a negative pay off that concludes And advances some way of feeling badly They are designed to prevent intimacy
A series of complementary transactions that on the surface seem plausible An ulterior transaction that is the hidden agenda A negative payoff that concludes the game and it is the real purpose of the game
TA-Games
Rescuer
Victim
Kick me
Games always have some payoffs Most common payoff is support for decisions we made in the past
TA- Games
By engaging in game playing
People receive strokes Maintain and defend their early decisions They find evidence to support their view of support They collect bad feelings Unpleasant feelings that people experience after playing games are known as Rackets
TA-Rackets
A Racket feeling is
Familiar expression of emotion Learned and encouraged in childhood Much similar to that of we had as children Maintained by choosing situations that will support them It is maladaptive as an adult means of problem solving
One has to learn to connect between games they played as children and those one plays now. Example
How they attempted to get attention in the past? How those past attempts relate to the games they play now to get stroked?
Decisions about oneself, ones world and ones relationships to others are crystalised during fist 5 years of life They formulate into life positions and develops into life script Games are often used to support and maintain life positions People seek security by maintaining their life positions though the life position unpleasant
Once person decided on a life position , difficult to change unless there is some intervention
Game free, basic value ,dignity and worth as human beings Attitude of trust, openness, willingness and acceptance People are close to themselves and others No losers , Only winners
Project their problems onto others , blame ,criticise Reinforce this position involve self-styled I am OK Projects anger, disgust and scorn onto designated inferior or a scapegoat ( Youre not OK) This person needs an underdog to maintain his/her sense of OKness
Known as depressive position Charcterised by feeling powerless in comparison with others Serve others need instead of their own and generally feel victimised They play games which support power of others and deny their own
Known as futility and frustration Lost interest in life , see life as totally without promising Self-destructive, unable to cope up with the world May lead extreme withdrawal Infantile behaviour may lead to death of themselves or others
TA-Life Scripts
Made in childhood Reinforced by parents Justified by subsequent events Culminating in a chosen way Nothing but basic belief system Its important to know the components of our life script Thinking , feeling and behaving
THANK YOU