b"/;~rf/ ;]jfsf] /]l8of] lk|mSj]G;L -af8kmf8 tyf d"No_ ;DaGwL gLlt, @)^(

b"/;~rf/ P]g, @)%# sf] bkmf $( n] lbPsf] clwsf/ k|of]u u/L /]l8of] lk|mSj]G;L gLlt lgwf{/0f
;ldltn] b]xfosf] b"/;~rf/ ;]jfsf] /]l8of] lk|mSj]G;L -afF8kmFf8 tyf d"No_ gLlt, @)^( agfPsf] 5 .
of] gLlt ;ldltaf6 :jLs[t ePsf] ldlt @)^(.&.!( b]lv nfu" x'g]5 .

v08s
gLltsf] p2]Zo tyf l;4fGtx?
!=

k[i7e"ld
/]l8of] lk|mSj]G;L k|of]u x'g] ;fj{hlgs b"/;~rf/ ;]jfsf] ;~rfng k|f/De x'gf;fy} g]kfndf klg
o;sf] ljt/0f x'Fb} cfPsf] xf] tyflk o;sf] ljt/0f ;DaGwL sfg'gL / gLltut Joj:yf eg]
;do ;fk]If cBfjlws x'g ;s]sf] lyPg . b"/;~rf/ P]g, @)%# sfof{Gjogdf cfP kl5
b"/;~rf/ ;]jfdf lk|mSj]G;L ljt/0f ;DaGwdf cnu Joj:yf ul/Psf] eP klg cGo ;]jfsf]
lk|mSj]G;L ;DaGwdf xfn klg /]l8of] P]g, @)!$ / ;f] cGtu{tsf] /]l8of] ;+rf/ -nfO;]G;_
lgodfjnL, @)$( g} o; ;DaGwL lgods sfg'g x'g\ . b"/;~rf/ P]g, @)%# df ePsf]
lk|mSj]G;L ljt/0f k|lqmof klg ;do ;fk]If / ablnFbf] k|ljlwsf] dfunfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{ ckof{Kt
e};s]sf] dxz'; ug{ yflnPsf] 5 .
xfn;Dd /]l8of] lk|mSj]G;Lsf] d"No lgwf{/0f b"/;~rf/ ;]jfsf] xsdf b"/;~rf/ P]g, @)%#
adf]lhd ;"rgf tyf ;~rf/ dGqLsf] cWoIftfdf u7g x'g] /]l8of] lk|mSj]G;L gLlt lgwf{/0f
;ldltsf] lg0f{o adf]lhd / cGo ;]jfsf] nflu /]l8of] ;~rf/ -nfO;]G;_ lgodfjnL, @)$(
adf]lhd x'g] u/]sf] 5 . /]l8of] lk|mSj]G;L / vf;u/L b"/;~rf/ ;]jfdf k|of]u x'g] /]l8of]
lk|mSj]G;L ;Lldt / pRr dxTjsf] k|fs[lts ;|f]t ePsf]n] a9fa9sf] dfWodaf6 d"No lgwf{/0f
ug]{ k|lqmof g} ljZjJofkL ?kdf cjnDag ul/Psf] pRrtd cEof; xf] . t/ g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{df
xfn;Dd To:tf] Joj:yf nfu" ul/Psf] 5}g . o;} ;Gbe{df /]l8of] lk|mj]G;L gLlt lgwf{/0f
;ldltsf] rf}wf}+ j}7saf6 b"/;~rf/ ;]jfsf] /]l8of] lk|mSj]G;L -afF8kmfF8 / d"No ;DaGwL_ gLlt,
@)^* kfl/t u/L @)^* >fj0f ! ut] b]lv nfu" ul/Psf] lyof] . ;f] gLltaf6 GSM1 900 ,
GSM 1800, CDMA2 800, CDMA 1900 MHz band sf Cellular lk|mSj]G;L k|of]u u/L ;]jf
;~rfng ug]{ laleGg b"/;~rf/ ;]jfx?sf] nflu cfjZos Go"gtd lk|mj]G;L Aof08ljy tf]Sg'sf
;fy} o:tf] lk|mj]G;L k|of]u afktsf] b:t'/ lgwf{/0f ug]{ ;DaGwdf gofF ;'q nfu" u/L tTsfn
k|rngdf /x]sf] ;'q vf/]h u/]sf] lyof] . xfn;Dd ;f]xL gLlt nfu" e}/x]sf] cj:yf 5 .

Global System for Mobile Communication

Code Division Multiple Access

1

@=

gLltsf] cfjZostf
b"/;~rf/ ;]jfsf] lk|mSj]G;Laf6 /fHon] jf:tljs d"No k|fKt ug]{ cj:yf ;'lglZrt ug{
k|lt:kwf{Tds ?kdf lk|mSj]G;L ljt/0f ug]{ Joj:yf ug{ cfjZos ePsf] / 3G, 4G nufotsf
gofF b"/;~rf/ ;]jfsf] nflu cfjZos kg]{ lk|mSj]G;Lx?sf] d"No lgwf{/0f ug{ cfjZos ePs}
cj:yfdf tTsflng Joj:yflksf ;+;bsf] ;fj{hlgs n]vf ;ldltn] b"/;~rf/ ;]jfsf] lk|mSj]G;L
ljt/0f ;DaGwdf u/]sf] cWoog k|ltj]bgdf tTsfn sfof{Gjogdf /x]sf] b"/;~rf/ ;]jfsf]
/]l8of] lk|mSj]G;L -afF8kmfF8 / d"No ;DaGwL_ gLlt, @)^* vf/]h ug{ / cfjZos lk|mSj]G;L gLlt
Pj+ sfg"g agfpg ;'emfj lbPsf]n] tTsfn gofF lk|mSj]G;L gLlt agfpg cfjZos ePsf] 5 .
o;afx]s g]kfn ;/sf/n] @)^(.@.! df v'Nnf u/]sf] cfwf/e"t 6]lnkmf]g ;]jf nufot ca
pk|fGt v'Nnf ul/g] gofF ;]jfsf] sfof{Gjogsf nflu lk|mSj]G;L afF8kmfF8 / z'Ns lgwf{/0f
nufotsf ljifodf Joj:yf ug{ ;d]t ;du|df gofF gLlt aGg' cfjZos 5 .

#=

gLltsf] p2]Zo
b"/;~rf/ If]qnfO{ d'n'ssf] ;du| cfly{s ljsf;df dxTjk"0f{ ;xof]uLsf] ?kdf :yflkt ug]{ u/L
;Lldt /fli6o ;Dkbfsf] ?kdf /x]sf] /]l8of] lk|mSj]G;L ljt/0f k|lqmofnfO{ cg'dltkq k|bfg ug]{
k|lqmof;Fu cGt/;DalGwt u/L s'zn, k|efjsf/L / kf/bzL{ lk|mSj]G;L ljt/0f tyf d"No lgwf{/0f
k|lqmof :yflkt ug'{ k|:t't gLltsf] d'Vo p2]Zo /x]sf] 5 .

$=

/]l8of] lk|mSj]G;L Joa:yfkg ;DaGwdf cjnDag ul/g] l;4fGtx?

/]l8of] lk|mSj]G;L ljt/0f, Joj:yfkg tyf d"No lgwf{/0f ubf{ b]xfosf l;4fGtx? cjnDag
ul/g]5 / oL l;4fGtx?sf] sfof{Gjog o; gLltsf o;kl5sf bkmfx?df pNn]v ePsf] lk|mSj]G;L
ljt/0f tyf d"No lgwf{/0f k|lqmofsf] cfwf/df ul/g]5M
!=

@=

#=
$=

s'g} klg gofF Aof08df gofF ;]jf jf k|lalwsf nflu 5'6\ofOg] /]l8of] lk|mSj]G;Lsf]
ljt/0f tyf d"No lgwf{/0f ahf/n] g} To;sf] d"No lgwf{/0f ug]{ u/L lnnfd a9fa9sf]
-auction_ k|lqmofaf6 ul/g]5 .
lk|mSj]G;Lsf] clwstd pkof]u xf]; eGg] p2]Zon] a9fa9sf] k|lqmofaf6 ljt/0f ul/g]
lk|mSj]G;Lsf] xsdf cGt/f{li6o / If]qLo k|rng / dfkb08 sfod /fVb} To;sf] k|of]udf
k|ljlw t6:y -Technology Neutral_ gLlt canDag ul/g] 5 .
g]kfnsf] b"/;~rf/ If]qsf] ahf/ c} klg k"0f{ k|lt:kwL{ kl/kSj ge} ;s]sf] ca:yfnfO{
dWogh/ ub}{ xfnnfO{ lk|mSj]G;Lsf] Jofkf/ (Spectrum Trading) ug{ lbOg] 5}g .
If]qLo / cGt/fli6o ?kdf /x]sf pQd k|rngsf (Best Practices) ;fy} tT;DaGwL
cGt/fli6o sfg'gsf] cwLgdf /xL ahf/df sd d"No jf dxTj ePsf] lk|mSj]G;L
Aof08nfO{ ahf/df a9L d"No jf dxTj ePsf] /]l8of] lk|mSj]G;L Jof08df ;fg]{ / xfn
2

%=
^=
&=
*=

(=

!)=
!!=
!@=

ljt/0f ePsf] lk|mSj]G;Lsf] cem a9L pkof]u x'g] u/L lk|mSj]G;L :yfgfGt/0f tyf x]/km]/
-Spectrum Refarming_ ul/g]5 . o;f] ubf{ xfn ;j{;fwf/0fn] pkef]u ul//x]sf] ;]jf
tyf ;f] sf] u'0f:t/df c;/ kg{ lbOg]5}g .
;'/Iff, gful/s p8\8og h:tf sfddf /fHon] k|of]u ug]{ /]l8of] lk|mSj]G;L lgjf{w ?kdf
k|of]u x'g ;Sg] cj:yf ;'lglZrt ul/g]5 .
xfn lat/0fdf /x]sf] /]l8of] lk|mSj]G;L :k]S6dsf] k|efjsf/L / s'zn k|of]usf af/]df
k|efjsf/L cg'udg Joj:yf :yflkt ul/g]5 .
/]l8of] lk|mSj]G;Lsf] d"No, ljt/0f ug]{ k|s[of Pj+ b"/;~rf/ If]qdf b]vfk/]sf gofF
k|ljlwsf] ;Gbe{df lgoldt ?kdf cWoog cg';Gwfg ul/g]5 .
cgfjZos ?kdf lk|mSj]G;L cf]u6\g] k|j[lQnfO{ lg?T;flxt ul/g]5 . o;sf nflu s'g}
klg ;]jf ;~rfngsf nflu Go'gtd ?kdf cfjZos kg]{ / clwstd ?kdf k|of]u ug{
kfOg] lk|mSj]G;Lsf] ;Ldf lgwf{/0f (Capping) ul/g]5 . lk|mSj]G;Lsf] d"No lgwf{/0f ubf{
;f]xL adf]lhd Go'gtd eGbf a9L cf]ul6Psf] lk|mSj]G;Lsf] a9L d"No lgwf{/0f ul/g]5 .
cfjZostf eGbf a9L cf]ul6Psf] lk|mSj]G;L lkmtf{ lnOg]5 .
xfn laleGg 5 j6f 6]lnkmf]g ;]jf k|bfosx?sf] cg'dltkqsf] lsl;d / zt{x? leGg
leGg /x]sf] / tL dWo] s]xLn] lnld6]8 df]laln6L ;]jfsf] cg'dltkq k|fKt u/] klg tL
;a}n] xfn GSM/CDMA k|0ffnLsf] lk|mSj]G;L k|fKt u/L k|fljlws ?kdf ;]n'n/
df]afOn ;]af ;~rfng ul//x]sf 5g\ . tL ^ j6} ;]jf k|bfosx?nfO{ Pp6} zt{ tf]sL
;dfg w/ftndf Nofpg] p2]Zo /fvL g]kfn ;/sf/n] @)^(.@.! df /fhkqdf ;"rgf
k|sfzg u/L v'Nnf u/]sf] gofF cfwf/e"t 6]lnkmf]g ;]jf sf] cg'dltkq lng] ;a} ;]jf
k|bfosx?nfO{ lk|mSj]G;L k|bfg ug]{ ;Gbe{df ;a} ;]jf k|bfosx? ;/x ;dfg dfkb08
canDag ul/g]5 .
b"/;~rf/ If]qdf lasf; x'g] gofF k|lalwnfO{ g]kfndf ;dod} leq\ofpg ;lsg] u/L
lk|mSj]G;L lgwf{/0f / lat/0f ul/g]5 .
cfslZds ;~rf/ Joj:yf -Emergency Telecommunication Management_ sf nflu
lk|mSj]G;L tf]lsg]5 .
g]kfn ;/sf/n] ;g\ @)!& ;Dddf 6]lnlehg k|;f/0fnfO{ l8lh6n k|ljlwdf n}hfg]
lg0f{o ul/;s]sf] ;Gbe{df To;/L l8lh6n k|ljlwdf ?kfGtl/t ubf{ k|fKt x'g] yk
lk|mSj]G;L -Digital Dividend Band_ nfO{ tT;DaGwL :yflkt cGt/f{li6o k|rng tyf
cGt/fli6o ;F:yfx?n] -cfO6Lo', PkL6L_ tf]s]sf] dfkb08 ;d]tsf] cfwf/df clws
dxTjk"0f{ / /fHonfO{ a9L k|ltkmn k|fKt x'g] df]afOn a|f]8Jof08sf ;]jfsf nflu 5'6\ofO
a9fa9sf] cfwf/df ljt/0f ul/g]5 .
3

%=

b"/;~rf/ ;DaGwL sfg'g

tTsflng Joj:yflksf ;+;bsf] ;fj{hlgs n]vf ;ldltn] lk|mSj]G;L ljt/0f ;DaGwL gofF
sfg'gsf] lgdf{0f ug{ l;kmfl/z u/]sf] lyof] . lk|mSj]G;L ljt/0f / ;f] sf] d"No lgwf{/0fnfO{
jf:tljs ?kdf k|lt:kwL{ agfpg xfnsf] cg'dltkq a9fa9sf] k|lqmofsf] ;6\6f d"ne"t ?kdf
lk|mSj]G;L a9fa9sf] dfWodaf6 cg'dltkq hf/L ug]{ k|lqmof cjnDag ug{ h?/L 5 . o;afx]s
klg k|ljlwdf cfPsf] Jofks kl/jt{g cfTd;fy ug{ klg tbg'?ksf] sfg'gL Joj:yf ug'{
cfjZos ePsf] 5 . o;sf nflu k|rlnt b"/;~rf/ P]g, @)%# d} ;+zf]wgsf] cfjZostf
b]lvPsf] 5 . ;f] cg'?k b"/;~rf/sf] cg'dltkq k|bfg ug]{ k|lqmof, lk|mSj]G;L ljt/0f tyf ;f]
sf] d"No lgwf{/0f, k|ljlwdf cfPsf] kl/jt{g adf]lhd o; If]qsf] lgodgdf ug'{kg]{ ;'wf/
nufotsf ljifodf l5d]sL d'n's nufot cGt/f{li6o cEof; / cg'ej ;d]tsf] cWoog u/L
o; gLltdf plNnlvt Joj:yfx?nfO{ :yflkt ug{ ;d]t sfg'gdf cfjZos ;+zf]wg ul/g]5 .

v08v
p2]Zo tyf l;4fGt sfof{Gjogsf] lgldQ ckgfOg] sfo{gLlt
^=

b"/;~rf/ ;]jfdf k|of]u x'g] /]l8of] lk|mSj]G;Lsf] juL{s/0f

;j{;fwf/0fn] pkef]u ul//x]sf] ;]jf tyf ;f] sf] u'0f:t/df c;/ gkg]{ u/L lk|mSj]G;LnfO{
pknAwtfsf] t'ngfdf cTolws dfu ePsf / /fHonfO{ pRr cfly{s k|ltkmn lbg ;Sg] gofF
k|lalwdf cfwfl/t ;]jf ;~rfng ug{ cfjZos lk|mSj]G;L / pknAwtfsf] t'ngfdf cTolws dfu
g/x]sf / pRr Jofj;flos d"No g/x]sf lk|mSj]G;L u/L b'O{ efudf juL{s/0f ul/g]5 .
To;dWo] Cellular Mobile Frequency h:tf lk|mSj]G;LnfO{ klxnf] k|sf/sf] lk|mSj]G;Ldf /fvL
tL lk|mSj]G;LnfO{ k|lt:kwf{Tds jf a9fa9sf] cfwf/df / Microwave or Point to Point
Frequency h:tf Link Frequency / VSAT frequency h:tf lk|mSj]G;LnfO{ bf];|f] k|sf/sf]
lk|mSj]G;Ldf /fvL To;nfO{ k|zf;lgs d"No nufpg] l;4fGtsf] cfwf/df d"No sfod u/L ljt/0f
ul/g]5 .

&=

xfn laleGg Jof08df pknAw /]l8of] lk|mSj]G;L / af8kmf8sf] cj:yf

xfn laleGg Jof08df pknAw lk|mSj]G;Lsf] cj:yf b]xfo adf]lhd /x]sf] 5 . ;f] adf]lhd xfn
s]xL lk|mSj]G;Lsf] afF8kmfF8 e};s]sf]n] s'g} ;]jf k|bfosnfO{ yk ug{ ;lsg] cj:yf
5}g . s]xL lk|mSj]G;L yk ug{ ;lsg] b]lvG5 eg] s'g} lk|mSj]G;L xfn;Dd afF8kmfF8 gePsf] jf
s'g ;]jfdf k|of]u ug]{ egL lgwf{/0f gePsf] cj:yf 5 .

S. No.
1

Frequency Band
800 MHz

Bandwidth
Technology
824-841.25 MHz paired with 869- CDMA
886.25 MHz (2x17.25 MHz)

*=

900 MHz

1800 MHz

2100 MHz

5
6
7

2300 MHz
2600 MHz
1900 MHz

887.6-915 MHz paired with 932.6960 MHz (2x27.4 MHz)

1710-1755 MHz paired with 18051850 MHz (2x45 MHz)
1960-1980 MHz paired with 21502170 MHz (2x20 MHz)
2300 MHz- 2400 MHz (100 MHz)
2500 MHz- 2690 MHz (190 MHz)
1850-1880 MHz paired with 19301960 MHz (2x30 MHz)

lk|mSj]G;L :yfgfGt/0f jf x]/km]/

GSM
GSM
IMT-2000
IMT Advanced
IMT Advanced
CDMA

(Frequency Refarming)

xfn ljt/0f ePsf] jf pknAw lk|mSj]G;LnfO{ b]xfo adf]lhd :yfgfGt/0f jf x]/km]/ ul/g]5M

(=

s=

df ;~rfng ul/Psf] CDMA k|ljlwnfO{ la:yflkt ul/g]5 . o;/L

lj:yflkt ul/P kl5 GSM 1800 MHz df 2x30 MHz lk|mSj]G;L yk pknAw x'g]5 /
2100 MHz Band (WCDMA3-3G) df yk 2x40 MHz lk|mSj]G;L pknAw x'g]5 .

v=

xfn CDMA 800 MHz df pknAw /x]sf] 4.25 MHz lk|mSj]G;L GSM 900 df k|of]u
x'g ;Sg] ePsf]n] GSM ;]jf k|bfosnfO{ pknAw u/fOg]5 .

u=

o;/L lk|mSj]G;L :yfgfGt/0f jf x]/k]m/ ubf{ xfn ;j{;fwf/0fn] k|of]u ul//x]sf] ;]jf tyf
To;sf] u'0f:t/df k|lts"n c;/ kg{ lbOg] 5}g .

1900 MHz Band

;]jf cg';f/ /]l8of] lk|mSj]G;L lgwf{/0f

bkmf * adf]lhdsf] :yfgfGt/0f jf x]/km]/ ePkl5 b"/;~rf/ ;]jfsf] b]xfosf] lk|mSj]G;L pknAw
eO{ ;f] lk|mSj]G;L b]xfosf] ;]jfdf k|of]u ul/g]5M
Cellular Mobile Frequency Band Plan after re-farming of 1900 MHz and 800 MHz
and 900 MHz Bands

S. No.

Frequency Band

Frequency Range

800 MHz

824-834 MHz paired with 869-879 MHz

900 MHz

880-915 MHz paired with 925-960 MHz

Wide-band CDMA
5

Bandwidth
MHz
2x10
2x35

!)=

1800 MHz

1710-1785 MHz paired with 1805-1880 MHz

2x75

2100 MHz

1920-1980 MHz paired with 2110-2170 MHz

2x60

2300 MHz

2300 MHz- 2400 MHz

100

2600 MHz

2500 MHz- 2690 MHz

190

lk|mSj]G;Lsf] ;Ldf lgwf{/0f

df]afOn ;]jf k|bfossf] lgldQ lk|mSj]G;L ljt/0fsf b[li6n] Go'gtd lk|mSj]G;L, yk
lk|mSj]G;L / clwstd lk|mSj]G;L u/L tLg txdf laefhg ul/g]5 / d"No lgwf{/0f klg ;f]xL
adf]lhd ul/g]5 .

GSM

s=

v=

Go'gtd lk|mSj]G;L
!=

df]afOn ;]jfsf] nflu klxnf] k6s k|lt:kwf{af6 5flgPsf] ;]jf

k|bfosnfO{ GSM 900 df 2x6 MHz lk|mSj]G;L pknAw u/fpg] u/L af]nsaf]n
ul/Psf]n] df]afOn ;]jfsf] nflu ;f] 2x6 MHz lk|mSj]G;LnfO{ g} cfwf/e"t
6]lnkmf]g ;]jf k|bfosx?nfO{ k|bfg ul/g] Go'gtd lk|mSj]G;L sfod ul/g]5 .

@=

df eGbf GSM 1800 df k"jf{wf/df a9L nufgL ug'{kg]{ ePsf]n]

GSM 900 eGbf GSM 1800 df !=% u'0ff lk|mSj]G;L cyf{t 2x9 MHz
lk|mSj]G;LnfO{ Go'gtd lk|mSj]G;L sfod ul/g]5 . GSM 900 MHz df cfjZos
lk|mSj]G;L pknAw geO{ s'g} ;]jf k|bfosnfO{ b'a} Jof08df lk|mSj]G;L lbg' k/]df
;f]xL cf};t b/df -!M!=%_ lk|mSj]G;L lgwf{/0f ul/g]5 .

GSM

GSM 900

yk lk|mSj]G;L
dfly v08 -s_ df pNn]v eP adf]lhdsf] GSM 900 MHz band df Go'gtd 2x6
MHz eGbf cltl/Qm 2x2 MHz;Dd / GSM 1800 MHz band df 2x9 MHz eGbf
cltl/Qm 2x3 MHz;Ddsf] lk|mSj]G;LnfO{ yk lk|mSj]G;L dflgg]5 .

u=

clwstd lk|mSj]G;L
b]xfosf] Jof08df b]xfosf] lk|mSj]G;LnfO{ clwstd lk|mSj]G;L Jof08ljy ;Ldf tf]lsPsf]
5 . ;f] eGbf a9L lk|mSj]G;L s'g} klg ;]jf k|bfosnfO{ k|bfg ul/g] 5}g / s;}n] /fVg
jf k|of]u ug{ kfpg] 5}g . clwstd lk|mSj]G;L eGbf a9L lk|mSj]G;L cf]u6]/ a;]sf ;]jf
k|bfosaf6 # dlxgfleqdf ;f] clwstd ;Ldf eGbf a9L ePsf] lk|mSj]G;L g]kfn
b"/;~rf/ k|flws/0fn] lkmtf{ lng]5 .
S. No.

Frequency Band/Possible Technology

Maximum Bandwidth

1.

800 MHz/CDMA

2x5 MHz

2.

900 MHz/GSM

2x9.6 MHz
6

!!=

3.

1800 MHz/GSM

2x15 MHz

4.

2100 MHz/WCDMA(3G or IMT 2000)

2x10 MHz

5.

2300 MHz/BWA/IMT Advanced

30 MHz

6.

2600 MHz/BWA/IMT Advanced

To be decided 4

7.

3300 MHz/BWA/WiMax/IMT Advanced

To be decided

8.

700 MHz/IMT Advanced/LTE

To be Decided

/]l8of] lk|mSj]G;Lsf] d"No lgwf{/0f ljlw

bkmf ^ df pNn]v ePsf ln+s lk|mSj]G;L jf VSAT h:tf lk|mSj]G;L afx]s cGo lk|mSj]G;Lsf]
d"No lgwf{/0f d'Votof a9fa9sf] k|lqmofaf6 ul/g]5 t/ s]xL lk|mSj]G;L Jof08x?df (GSM 900
MHz band / GSM 1800 MHz band) pknAw ePsf] lk|mSj]G;L ljt/0f e};s]s f]n] a9fa9 ug{ ;+ ej
x'g] 5}g . of] gLlt nfu" x'g' cl3 g} ljt/0f u/L ;lsPsf] (2100 MHz/WCDMA) lk|mSj]G;Lsf]
d"No lgwf{/0f ug{ ;f]xL Jof08sf] ;f]xL kl/df0fsf] Jof08ljy a/fa/sf] lk|mSj]G;LnfO{ a9fa9
ul/g]5 / ;f] a9fa9af6 sfod ePsf] d"NonfO{ of] gLlt nfu" x'g' cl3 ;f] lk|mSj]G;L k|of]u
u/]sf ;]jf k|bfosx?sf] lgldQ klg d"No sfod u/L ;f] lk|mSj]G;L pknAw u/fOPsf] ldltb]lv
g} c;"n pk/ ul/g]5 . xfn ljt/0f ePsf b]xfosf lk|mSj]G;L Jof08sf] d"No b]xfo adf]lhd
lgwf{/0f ul/g]5 .
s=

GSM

v=

s'g} ;]jf k|bfosnfO{ GSM 900 / GSM 1800 b'a} u/L Go'gtd lk|mSj]G;L Jof08
pknAw u/fOPsf] eP s"n lk|mSj]G;Lsf] b:t"/ klg ;f]xL adf]lhd s"n cfDbfgLsf] )=$
k|ltzt sfod ul/g]5 .

u=

yk lk|mSj]G;Lsf] nflu b]xfo adf]lhdsf] aflif{s lk|mSj]G;L b:t"/ sfod u/L c;"n pk/
ul/g]5 .

3=

df]afOn ;]jfsf] lgldQ 5'6\ofOPsf] Go'gtd lk|mSj]G;Lsf] b:t"/ Psd'i6 ?kdf ;f]
;]jf k|bfossf] jflif{s s"n cfDbfgLsf] )=$ k|ltzt /sd sfod ul/g]5 .

S.N.

Frequency Band

Band dependent Multiplier

for Frequency Fee

Price Per Mega Hertz

(Unpaired) in NRs. Millions

800/900 MHz

1.5

1800 MHz

clwstd\ lk|mSj]G;Lsf] nflu b]xfo adf]lhdsf] jflif{s lk|mSj]G;L b:t"/ sfod u/L c;"n
pk/ ul/g]5 .

o;df Go'gtd / clwstd Jof08sf] lgwf{/0f bkmf !@ adf]lhd a9fa9sf] lgldQ k]z x'Fbfsf avt to ul/g]5 .
7

!@=

S.N.

Frequency Band

Band dependent Multiplier

for Frequency Fee

Price Per Mega Hertz

(Unpaired) in NRs. Millions

800/900 MHz

1.5

12

1800 MHz

b]xfosf lk|mSj]G;Lx?sf] d"No o; gLltdf tf]lsP adf]lhd a9fa9af6 to ul/g]5 .

S.No.

Frequency Band

2100 (3G) MHz

2300MHz

2600 MHz

3300 MHz

700 MHz

r=

xfn WCDMA @!)) MHz Jof08df g]kfn 6]lnsd / Pg;]nnfO{ pknAw u/fOPsf]
10x2 MHz 3G lk|mSj]G;L jfkt bkmf !@ adf]lhd a9fa9af6 sfod x'g] b:t"/ ;f]
lk|mSj]G;L k|fKt u/]sf] ldltb]lv g} e'Qmfg ug'{kg]{ u/L xfnnfO{ To;/L a9fa9sf] lgldQ
tf]lsPsf] Go'gtd b:t"/ a/fa/sf] /sd jflif{s ?kdf e'Qmfg ug'{kg]{5 .

5=

b]zsf ;a} e"efudf b"/;~rf/ ;]jf ;'ne ?kdf pknAw u/fpg ;3fp k'/\ofpg u|fdL0f
If]qdf b"/;~rf/sf] kx'Frsf nflu k|of]u x'g] VSAT sf] lk|mSj]G;L b:t'/ k|lt 6ld{gn
k|lta{if ?= !)). -?= Ps ;o_ / cGo ?kdf k|of]u x'g] VSAT sf] xsdf ?= !))).
sfod ul/g]5 . VSAT sf] b:t"/ ;DaGwL Joj:yf cfufdL cfly{s jif{b]lv nfu" x'g]5 .

h=

xfn ;~rfngdf /x]sf lnld6]8 df]laln6L ;]jf k|bfos / cfwf/e"t b"/;~rf/ ;]jf
k|bfosx?n] xfn k|of]u u/]sf] lk|mSj]G;L jfkt dfly pkv08 -u_ df tf]lsPsf] yk
lk|mSj]G;L b:t"/sf] b/n] lk|mSj]G;L b:t"/ a'emfpg' kg]{5 .

/]l8of] lk|mSj]G;L a9fa9 ;DaGwL Joj:yf

b]xfosf] lk|mSj]G;L b]xfo adf]lhd a9fa9 ul/g]5
s=

;]jfsf] bkmf & adf]lhd x]/km]/ tyf :yfgfGt/0f kl5 pknAw x'g] lk|mSj]G;L b]xfo
adf]lhd a9fa9 ul/g]5M

3G

!=

cfwf/e"t 6]lnkmf]g ;]jfsf] sDtLdf b'O{j6f cg'dltkq hf/L ePsf] tLg

dlxgfb]lv 5 dlxgfleqdf 3G sf] lk|mSj]G;L a9fa9 k|lqmof ;DkGg ul/g]5 .

@=

a9fa9sf] lgldQ 3G df pknAw 2x40 MHz -xfn ljt/0f ePsf] 2x20 MHz
s6fO{_ lk|mSj]G;LnfO{ 10-10 MHz sf b/n] a9Ldf $ j6f yk ;]jf k|bfosnfO{
pknAw u/fpg ;lsg]5 .
8

#=

v=

;f] a9fa9df tTsfn sfod /x]sf cfwf/e"n 6]lnkmf]g ;]jfsf cg'dltkq k|fKt
sDkgLx?n] efu lng kfpg]5g\ . of] gLlt k|f/De x'Fbf 3G (2100 MHZ) sf]
lk|mSj]G;L k|fKt ul/;s]sf ;]jf k|bfosn] of] a9fa9df efu lng kfpg] 5}gg\ .
$=
a9fa9sf] lgldQ Go'gtd d"No k|lt MHz (Unpaired) ?= ! s/f]8 @) nfv
sfod ul/Psf] 5 .
%=
To;/L a9fa9 ubf{ clwstd\ sa'n ePsf] d"NonfO{ 3G sf] lk|mSj]G;L d"No
sfod ul/g]5 .
^=
o;/L sfod ePsf] d"No e'Qmfg ug{ d~h"/ u/L klxnf] jif{sf] lgldQ ;f] d"No
a9fa9 :jLs[t ePsf] tL; lbgleq e'Qmfg ug]{ a9fa9df efu lng] ;]jf
k|bfosnfO{ ;f] lk|mSj]G;L pknAw u/fOg]5 . ;f] a9fa9af6 d"No sfod ePsf]
tL; lbgleq ;f] e'Qmfg gug]{ ;]jf k|bfosnfO{ ;f] lk|mSj]G;L pknAw u/fOg]
5}g .
&=
of] gLlt k|f/De x'Fbf 3G (2100 MHZ) sf] lk|mSj]G;L k|fKt ul/;s]sf ;]jf
k|bfosn] klg dfly pkv08 -^_ adf]lhd a9fa9 :jLs[t ePsf] tL; lbgleq
dfly pkv08 -%_ adf]lhd sfod ePsf] d"No e'Qmfg ug'{kg]{5 . ;f] cjlwleq
e'Qmfg gu/]df pknAw u/fOPsf] lk|mSj]G;L lkmtf{ lnOg]5 .
*= pkv08 -^_ adf]lhd lk|mSj]G;L k|fKt gug]{ ;]jf k|bfosnfO{ o; v08 adf]lhd
a9fa9 ;DkGg ePsf] !@ dlxgfkl5 3G lk|mSj]G;L pknAw ePdf dfly pkv08
-%_ adf]lhd sfod ePsf] d"No lnO{ 3G lk|mSj]G;L pknAw u/fOg]5 . t/
a9fa9df efu lnO{ dfly pkv08 -^_ adf]lhd tL; lbgleq /sd e'Qmfg gug]{
;]jf k|bfosnfO{ 3G sf] lk|mSj]G;L pknAw u/fOg] 5}g .
(=
tTsfn pknAw k|ljlw adf]lhd 800 MHZ, 900 MHZ / 1800 MHz band df 3G
jf cGo s'g} gofF ;]jf ;~rfng x'g ;Sg] ePdf ;f] sf] lgldQ o; gLlt
adf]lhd tf]lsPsf] b:t"/sf] 1.5 u'0ff b:t"/ c;"n u/L To:tf] ;]jf ;~rfng
ug{ lbOg]5 .
!)= of] gLlt nfu" ePsf] Psjif{ leqdf o; pkv08 -s_ sf] -!_ adf]lhd cfwf/e"t
6]lnkmf]g ;]jfsf] b'O{j6f cg'dltkq hf/L x'g g;sL a9fa9 x'g g;s]df tTsfn
sfod /x]sf df]afOn ;]jf / cfwf/e"t 6]lnkmf]g ;]jf k|bfosnfO{ o;
pkv08sf] -$_ adf]lhd tf]lsPsf] b:t"/ lnO{ 3G lk|mSj]G;L pknAw u/fOg]5 .
BWA 2300 sf] lk|mSj]G;L ljt/0f ;DaGwdf b]xfosf] k|lqmof ckgfOg]5M
!=

o;df k|ljlw t6:y gLlt ckgfOg]5 / of] Jof08sf] d"No a9fa9sf] dfWodaf6
sfod ul/g]5 . of] Jof08df tTsfn pknAw k|ljlw cg'?ksf ;a} ;]jf
;~rfng ug{ lbOg]5 .
9

@=

u=

;f] Jof08df pknAw ePsf] s"n 100 MHz lk|mSj]G;L Jof08nfO{ #)#) MHz
sf tLg j6f v08df laefhg u/L ljt/0f ul/g]5 . Pp6f v08 g]kfn
b"/;~rf/ sDkgL lnld6]8nfO{ k|bfg ul/;lsPsf] 5 . afFsL b'O{ v08 dWo]
Pp6f tTsfn sfod /x]sf cfwf/e"t 6]lnkmf]g ;]jf k|bfos jf df]afO{n
-Voice_ ;]jf k|bfosx? dWo] k|lt:kwf{ u/fO{ / csf]{ O06/g]6 ;]jf
k|bfosx?aLr a9fa9 u/fO{ ljt/0f ul/g]5 . xfn g]kfn 6]lnsdn] k|fKt u/]sf]
#) MHz sf] d"No 6]lnkmf]g jf df]afOn ;]jf k|bfos dWo] ;a}eGbf a9L /sd
sa'n ug]{ ;]jf k|bfosn] sa'n u/]sf] d"NonfO{ sfod ul/g]5 . g]kfn 6]lnsdn]
;f] d"No ;f] lk|mSj]G;L k|fKt u/]sf] ldltb]lv g} # dlxgfleq e'Qmfg ug'{kg]{5 .
;dod} b:t"/ e'Qmfg gu/]df ;f] lk|mSj]G;L tTsfn lkmtf{ ul/g]5 .

BWA/IMT-Advanced, 4G (2600 MHz/700MHZ, 3300 MHz)

sf] lk|mSj]G;L b]xfo

adf]lhd a9fa9 ul/g]5M

3=

!=

of] gLlt k|f/De ePkl5 oyf;L3| 4G sf] lk|mSj]G;L a9fa9 k|lqmof k|f/De
ul/g]5 .

@=

4G

#=

4G

$=

4G

sf] lk|mSj]G;L a9fa9 e}/x]sf ;]jf k|bfos nufot gofF ;]jf k|bfos
-lgj]bs_ ;d]t 5gf}6 x'g ;Sg] u/L ul/g]5 .

df k|ljlw t6:y gLlt ckgfOg] ePsf]n] o;sf] ;]jf k|bfossf] 5gf}6

d"ntM lk|mSj]G;L a9fa9sf] dfWodaf6 ul/g]5 / of] Jof08df tTsfn pknAw
k|ljlw cg'?ksf ;a} ;]jf ;~rfng ug{ lbOg]5 .
sf] ;]jfsf] lgldQ 5'6\ofOg] lk|mSj]G;L Jof08ljy, k|To]s ;]jf k|bfosnfO{
pknAw x'g] lk|mSj]G;L, To;sf] Go'gtd d"No, a9fa9sf] k|lqmof ;DaGwdf ;"rgf
tyf ;~rf/ dGqfnon] l5d]sL d'n'sx?sf] Joj:yfsf] ;d]t cWoog u/L of]
gLlt k|f/De ePsf] ^ dlxgfleq ;ldlt ;dIf :ki6 k|:tfj k]z ug]{5 .

lk|mSj]G;L a9fa9 ;DaGwdf b]xfosf] sfo{ljlw cjnDag ul/g]5M

!=

lk|mSj]G;L a9fa9sf] sfd of] gLlt tyf /]l8of] lk|mSj]G;L gLlt lgwf{/0f ;ldltn]
tf]s]sf s'/fx?sf] clwgdf /xL g]kfn b"/;~rf/ k|flws/0fn] ug]{5 .

@=

lk|mSj]G;Lsf] a9fa9 ubf{ b]xfosf s'/fx? pNn]v u/L sDtLdf #% -k}FtL;_

lbgsf] Dofb lbO{ /fli6o:t/sf kqklqsf tyf cGo ;~rf/ dfWodx?af6 @
-b'O{_ k6s ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf k|sfzg ul/g]5 .
s=
a9fa9 ul/g] lk|mSj]G;Lsf] /]l8of] lk|mSj]G;L :k]S6ddf /x]sf] cjl:ylt
a'lemg] u/L lk|mSj]G;L Aof08sf] laj/0f .
v=
a9fa9 ul/g] lk|mSj]G;L Jof08 jf Jof08x?sf] ;+Vof .
10

u=
3=
=
r=

5=
#=

!#=

lk|mSj]G;L Jof08sf] k|of]u ug{ lbO{g] ;dofjlw .

a9fa9 k|lqmofdf efu lng rflxg] Go"gtd of]Uotf .
a9fa9 k|lqmofdf k|of]u ul/g] Go"gtd d"No .
a9fa9 ;DaGwdf ckgfO{g] ljlw, h:t} Ps r/0fdf ;DkGge x'g]
af]nsaf]n jf l;naGbL a9fa9 k|lqmof cyjf r/0fa4 ?kdf x'g] eP s]
slt r/0fdf ;DkGg x'g] xf] ;f] v'nfO{Psf] af]nsaf]n jf l;naGbL
k|lqmof, jf oL k|lqmof dWo] Ps jf a9L ;dfa]z ePsf] k|lqmof jf cGo
s'g} k|lqmof ckgfOPsf] eP ;f] k|lqmof .
cGo cfjZos s'/fx? .

a9fa9sf] lgldQ Go"gtd d"No -Base Price or Reserve Price_ to ubf{

;ldltn] s'g} c+s tf]s]sf] eP ;f]xL c+s tf]lsg] 5 / To;/L gtf]lsPsf]df
a9fa9 ul/g] lk|mSj]G;L v08 jf ;f] ;Fu bfFHg nfos lk|mSj]G;L v08sf
;DaGwdf g]kfnsf] ahf/ / ;f] lk|mSj]G;Lsf] pkof]lutfsf] :t/sf] cfwf/df
g]kfn b"/;~rf/ k|flws/0fn] Go'gtd d"No sfod ug]{5 .

lnld6]8 df]laln6L tyf cfwf/e"t b"/;~rf/ ;]jfsf]5 lgldQ /]l8of] lk|mSj]G;L ljt/0f
s=

xfn ;~rfngdf /x]sf lnld6]8 df]laln6L ;]jf jf u|fdL0f b"/;~rf/ ;]jf jf cfwf/e"t
b"/;~rf/ ;]jf k|bfosnfO{ u|fxs ;+Vofsf]6 cfwf/df tn lbOPsf] tflnsf adf]lhd
lk|mSj]G;L pknAw u/fOg]5 . o;/L k|bfg ul/g] lk|mSj]G;Lsf] clwstd ;Ldf eg]
df]afOn jf cfwf/e"t 6]lnkmf]g ;]jf ;~rfngsf nflu sfod ul/Psf] Go'gtd
lk|mSj]G;L cyf{t GSM 900 MHz band df 2x6 MHz jf GSM 1800 MHz band df
2x9 MHz jf CDMA 800 MHz band df 2x2.5MHz sfod ul/Psf] 5 . To:tf ;]jf
k|bfosx?nfO{ gofF Jof08df s'g} klg lk|mSj]G;L pknAw u/fOg] 5}g . s;}nfO{ ;f] eGbf
a9L lk|mSj]G;L pknAw u/fOPsf] eP cfwf/e"t 6]lnkmf]g ;]jfsf] klxnf] cg'dltkq hf/L
ePsf] Ps dlxgfleq lkmtf{ ul/g]5 .
SN.

BW (MHz)
(Sum of low and high frequencies)

Subscribers '000
Total

2x1

2x2

50

Incremental
Subscribers per Mhz(paired)

25

g]kfn /fhkq, efu %, v08 %&, ;+Vof @), ldlt @)^$.%.!) df k|sflzt ;"rgfdf tf]lsPsf] ;]jf .

u|fxs ;+Vofsf] u0fgf ubf{ Visitor Location Register (VLR) df u0fgf ug'{eGbf rf}aL; 306f cl3sf] cjlwdf /]s8{ ePsf] ;+Vof / To:tf] ;+Vof
pknAw geP Ps dlxgfleqdf Billing System af6 k|fKt x'g] u|fxssf] ;+VofnfO{ cfwf/ dflgg]5 .
11

2x3

200

150

2x4

400

200

2x5

600

200

2x6

900

300

() CDMA 2G Subscriber Linked Bandwidth

Carriers

!$=

BW (MHz)
(Sum of low and high frequencies)

2x1.25

Subscribers '000
Incremental Subs
Per Mhz (Paired)
250
250

2x2.5

500

250

2x3.75

2,000

1,500

2x5

4,000

2,000

Total

cfwf/e"t 6]lnkmf]g ;]jfsf] lgldQ lk|mSj]G;L ljt/0f

cfwf/e"t 6]lnkmf]g ;]jfsf] lgldQ lk|mSj]G;Lsf] ljt/0f b]xfo adf]lhd ul/g]5M
s=

cfwf/e"t 6]lnkmf]g ;]jfsf] cg'dltkq k|fKt ug]{ ;]jf k|bfosaf6 cg'dltkq gjLs/0f
b:t"/ c;"n pk/ x'g] s'/fsf] ;'lglZrtf ug{ To:tf ;]jf k|bfosaf6 cg'dltkq k|fKt
u/]sf] z'? jif{ b]lv g} ;f] /sd k|fKt x'g] u/L o; bkmf adf]lhdsf] ljz]if Joj:yf
ul/g]5 .

u=

cfwf/e"t 6]lnkmf]g ;]jfsf] cg'dltkqsf] lgldQ lgj]bg lbg] JolQmn] gjLs/0f b:t"/
jfktsf] /sd b]xfo adf]lhd e'Qmfg ug'{kg]{ zt{ :jLsf/ u/]sf] cj:yfdf dfq
cg'dltkq k|bfg ul/g] 5 . of] Joj:yf cg'dltkqsf] clgjfo{ zt{sf] ?kdf /flvPsf]
5M
!=

cg'dltkq k|fKt u/]sf] bz jif{sf] lgldQ cg'dltkq k|fKt u/]sf] jif{b]lv g}

k|To]s jif{ b]xfo adf]lhdsf] /sd e'Qmfg ug]{M
jif{

/sd

klxnf] jif{

kfFr s/f]8

bf];|f] jif{

kfFr s/f]8

t];|f] jif{

bz s/f]8

rf}yf] jif{

aL; s/f]8

kfFrf} jif{

k}+tL; s/f]8

5}7f}+ jif{

krf; s/f]8

;ftf}+ jif{

Ps ca{
12

@=

!%=

cf7f}+ jif{

Ps ca{ kRrL; s/f]8

gjf}+ jif{

Ps ca{ krf; s/f]8

bzf}+ jif{

b'O{ ca{

cg'dltkq k|fKt u/]sf] bz jif{ e'Qmfg u/]kl5 gjLs/0f b:t"/ jfktsf] s"n ?=
@) ca{ !# s/f]8 dWo] dflysf] pkv08 -!_ adf]lhd e'Qmfg u/]sf] /sd s6fO{
afFsL /x]sf] /sd e'Qmfg u/]kl5 dfq cg'dltkq gjLs/0f x'g]5 .

u=

u|fdL0f b"/;~rf/ ;]jf k|bfosnfO{ z'?df lk|mSj]G;L tf]Sbf *) xhf/ u|fxs ;+Vof
k'/\ofPkl5 yk lk|mSj]G;L pknAw u/fpg] u/L GSM 900 df 2.4 MHz lk|mSj]G;L
pknAw u/fOPsf]n] ;f] zt{ oyfjt sfod ul/g]5 / ;f]xL adf]lhd cfwf/e"t 6]lnkmf]g
;]jfsf] cg'dltkq k|fKt JolQmn] ;f] cg'dltkq k|fKt u/]sf] 5 dlxgfleq sDtLdf *)
xhf/ u|fxs ;+Vof k'/\ofP kl5 bkmf !) adf]lhdsf] Go'gtd lk|mSj]G;L / tTsfn
lk|mSj]G;Lsf] pknAwtfsf] cfwf/df yk lk|mSj]G;L pknAw u/fOg]5 . t/ To:tf] ;]jf
k|bfosn] cg'dltkq lnPsf] @ jif{leqdf sDtLdf b'O{ nfv u|fxs ;+Vof k'/\ofpg
g;s]df o; adf]lhd pknAw u/fOPsf] lk|mSj]G;L lkmtf{ lnO{ ;flassf] @=$ MHz
lk|mSj]G;L dfq sfod /flvg]5 .

cfwf/e"t 6]lnkmf]g ;]jfsf] lgldQ cfj]bg ug{ of]Uo ;]jf k|bfosn] of] gLlt k|f/De
ePsf] Psjif{ leq cfj]bg gu/]df ;f] sf] lgldQ 5'6\ofOPsf] Go'gtd lk|mSj]G;L pknAw
gx'g ;Sg]5 . To:tf] lk|mSj]G;L cGo ;]jf k|bfosnfO{ pknAw u/fpg ;lsg]5 .

/]l8of] lk|mSj]G;L k|of]usf] cg'udg Joj:yf

/]l8of] lk|mSj]G;L k|of]usf] cg'udgsf] lgldQ b]xfosf] Joj:yf ul/g]5M
s=
/]l8of] lk|mSj]G;Lsf] k|of]usf] cg'udg ;"rgf tyf ;~rf/ dGqfno / g]kfn b"/;~rf/
k|flws/0fn] ug]{5g\ .
v=
cg'udg sfo{df ;"rgf tyf ;~rf/ dGqfnodf /x]sf] k"jf{wf/ jf ef}lts ;fwgsf]
;d]t k|of]u ul/g]5 . cg'udg sfo{df ;+nUg k"jf{wf/x?sf] dd{t ;+ef/, :t/pGglt
tyf hgzlQmnfO{ cfjZos tflnd nufotsf] sfdsf] nflu g]kfn b"/;~rf/
k|flws/0fsf] ljQLo ;|f]tsf] ;d]t k|of]u ul/g]5 .
u=
/]l8of] lk|mSj]G;Lsf] k|of]usf] If]qdf ljsl;t ePsf gjLgtd k|ljlw tyf cEof;x?sf]
af/]df lgoldt cWoog tyf cg';Gwfg ug]{ sfo{nfO{ nflu g]kfn b"/;~rf/
k|flws/0fsf] jflif{s sfo{s|ddf lgoldt ?kdf ;+nUg ul/g]5 .
3=
g]kfn b"/;~rf/ k|flws/0fn] cGt/f{li6o k|rng ;d]tsf] cfwf/df cfktsflng
Joj:yfkgsf] nflu lglZrt /]l8of] lk|mSj]G;L tf]sL ;a} ;]jf k|bfosx?af6 ;f] adf]lhd
cfktsflng b"/;~rf/ ;]jf ;~rfng x'g] Joj:yf sfod ul/g]5 .
13

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b"/;~rf/ lgodfjnL, @)%$ sf] lgod #! adf]lhd /]l8of] lk|mSj]G;L jfktsf] b:t"/ k|To]s
cfly{s jif{df lgoldt ?kdf cg'dltkq k|fKt JolQmaf6 g]kfn b"/;~rf/ k|flws/0fn] c;"n
pk/ u/L ;]jf k|bfos cg';f/ ljt/0f ePsf] lk|mSj]G;L, c;"n ePsf] lk|mSj]G;L, aSof}tfsf]
cj:yf ;d]tsf] ljj/0f ;+nUg u/L g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ a'emfpg' kg]{5 . lk|mSj]G;L b:t"/ e'QmfgL
b]xfo adf]lhd ug'{ kg]{5M
s=
k|To]s ;]jf k|bfosn] Microwave Frequency / Go'gtd lk|mSj]G;Lsf] b:t"/ k|To]s jif{
cfly{s jif{ ;dfKt ePsf] ^ -5_ dlxgfleq e'Qmfg ug'{kg]{5 .
v=
Go'gtd lk|mSj]G;L afx]s yk lk|mSj]G;L, clwstd\ lk|mSj]G;L / VSAT sf] b:t"/ k|To]s
cfly{s jif{sf] lgldQ ;f] cfly{s jif{ z'? ePsf] # -tLg_ dlxgfleq clu|d e'Qmfg
ug'{kg]{5 .
u=
dfly v08 -s_ / -v_ sf] cjlwleq b:t"/ e'Qmfg gu/]df e'Qmfg ug{ afFsL b:t"/sf]
k|To]s dlxgf b'O{ k|ltztsf b/n] yk b:t"/ ;d]t nfUg]5 .
3=
dfly v08 -u_ adf]lhd yk b:t"/ nfUg z'? ePsf] 5 dlxgf;Dddf klg lk|mSj]G;L
b:t"/ e'Qmfg gu/]df To:tf] ;]jf k|bfosnfO{ lbOPsf] lk|mSj]G;L cg'dlt vf/]h u/L ;f]
lk|mSj]G;L lkmtf{ lnOg]5 . e'Qmfg ug{ afFsL lk|mSj]G;L b:t"/ ;/sf/L afFsL ;/x c;'n
pk/ ul/g]5 .

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vf/]hL
s=

o; /]l8of] lk|mSj]G;L gLlt lgwf{/0f ;ldltsf] rf}wf}+ j}7saf6 :jLs[t b"/;~rf/ ;]jfsf]
/]l8of] lk|mSj]G;L -afF8kmfF8 / d"No ;DaGwL_ gLlt, @)^* vf/]h ul/Psf] 5 .

v=

o; gLltdf pNn]v ePsf afx]s /]l8of] lk|mSj]G;L gLlt lgwf{/0f ;ldltaf6 ;do
;dodf tf]lsPsf cGo lk|mSj]G;Lsf] b:t"/ ;f]xL adf]lhd x'g]5 .

14