Psn vftf sf]if-l6=P;=P_ k|0ffnLsf] pkof]u l:yltsf] d"NofÍg

kl/R5]b–! M k[i7e"ld

1.1 :yfkgf, p2]Zo / sfo{If]q M dxfn]vf lgoGqs sfof{no g]kfn ;/sf/sf] ;l~rt sf]if ;~rfng ug]{
lhDd]jf/ lgsfo xf] . o; sfof{non] ah]6 sfof{Gjogdf ;xhLs/0f ug]{, ;/sf/sf] cfo / Joosf] n]vf
/fVg] / ;f] sf] s]Gb|Lo jflif{s ljj/0f tof/ u/L dxfn]vf k/LIfssf] sfof{nodf k]z ug]{ lhDd]jf/L jxg
ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . of] sfof{no cGtu{t lj=;+=@)#* ;fnaf6 k|ltlglw sfof{nosf ?kdf &% j6} lhNnfdf
sf]if tyf n]vf lgoGqs sfof{nox? :yfkgf eO{ ;~rfngdf /x]sf] 5 . ;/sf/sf] ljQLo Pj+ vr{
Joj:yfkg / gub Joj:yfkgsf] sfo{nfO{ ;/n, ldtJooL, kf/bzL{ / k|efjsf/L t'NofO{ ljQLo hf]lvd
Go"g ub}{ g]kfn ;/sf/sf] sf]if k|0ffnLnfO{ cGt/fli6«o :t/sf] t'Nofpg] p2]Zon] Psn vftf sf]if -6]«h/L
l;+un Psfp06;_ k|0ffnL nfu" u/]sf] xf] . ljlgof]hg, w/f}6L, /fh:j, ljQLo Joj:yf tyf cGo ljljw
vr{sf] sf/f]jf/sf] nflu lhNnfl:yt ;/sf/L sf/f]jf/ ug]{ a}Fsdf ;DalGwt sf]if tyf n]vf lgoGqs
sfof{nosf] gfddf /x]sf vftfdfkm{t of] sf]if ;~rfng x'b}F cfPsf] 5 . Psn sf]if vftf k|0ffnLsf]
sfo{If]q xfn && lhNnfdf sf]if tyf n]vf lgoGqs sfof{nox? ;lxt -sf7df08f}df yk $ e'StfgL s]Gb|
;d]t_ *! j6f sfof{nox? /x]sf 5g\ .
1.2 sfg"gL Joj:yf M ;fj{hlgs vl/b P]g, @)^# tyf lgodfjnfL, @)^$ ljB'tLo sf/f]af/ P]g, @)^# tyf
lgodfjnL, @)^$
1.3 gLltut Joj:yf M /fli6«o ljB'tLo zf;g u'?of]hgf, g]kfn lh=O=P OGk|mf:6Sr/ cfl6{6]Sr/, ;/sf/L
lgsfosf] j]j ;fO{6 lgdf{0f tyf Joj:yfkg ;DalGw lgb]{lzsf, @)^*, ;"rgf k|ljlw k|0ffnL -Joj:yfkg
tyf ;~rfng_ lgb]{lzsf, @)&!, ;"rgf tyf ;~rf/ k|ljlw gLlt, @)&@ , Psn vftf sf]if k|0ffnL
;+rfng lgb]{lzsf, @)&# cflb .
1.4 rfn' jif{sf] jh]6 jStJosf ;fGble{s Joj:yf M
 ;"rgf tyf ;~rf/ k|ljlwsf nflu cf=j= @)&$.&% df ?=$ ca{ * s/f]8 ljlgof]hgsf] Joj:yf,
 ;/sf/L lgsfoaf6 k|sflzt ;fdu|L, ;"rgf tyf lg0f{ox? PsLs[t ?kdf ljB'tLo dfWodaf6 ;d]t
pknAw u/fpg] u/L ;"rgf ljefudf ;"rgf a}Fssf] :ykgf ul/g] Joj:yf,
kl/R5]b–@ M n]vfk/LIf0fsf] p2]Zo, If]q, k4lt / ;Ldf p2]Zo
2.1 p2]Zo M ;/sf/L lgsfox?af6 ;~rfng x'g] sfo{ ;~rfng ug{ k|of]udf NofO{Psf ;"rgf k|ljlw
k|0ffnLsf] j}wflgstf / ltgsf] pkof]usf] l:ylt d"Nof+sgsf nflu /fli6«o ljB'tLo zf;g u'?of]hgf /
o;sf] sfo{Gjog kIfsf] cWoog ul/ lgsfosf] sfo{;Dkfbgdf pkof]u ul/Psf] ;"rgf k|ljlw
;km\6j]o/sf] b'?:ttf, k"0f{tf / lgoldttf Pjd\ k|df0fLs/0f k4ltdf k/LIf0f ul/ lgoGq0f k4lt,
tYofÍsf] ljZj;gLotf, PlKns]zg k|0ffnLsf] pko'Sttf, k|ljlwsf] k|of]u, ;"rgf k|ljlw k"jf{wf/, hgzlSt
Joj:yfkg, ;km\6j]o/sf] k|efjsfl/tf, pkof]u k|0ffnLsf] bIftf, ;'rgf k|0ffnLsf] uf]Kotf, pknAw x'g]
;"rgfsf] ljZj;gLotf tyf ;'/Iff k|0ffnL d"Nof+sg ug]{ l;nl;nfdf ;"rgfsf] ljZj;gLotf, PlKns]zg
k|0ffnLsf] pko'Sttf, k|ljlwsf] pkof]u, ;"rgfsf] lgikIftf, lgi7f, Pjd\ sfg'gL k|fjwfgx?;+usf]
kl/kfngfsf] hfFr ug'{ ;"rgf k|ljlw n]vfk/LIf0fsf] d"n p2]Zo /x]sf] 5 .

1
2.2 n]vfk/LIf0fsf] If]q M o; n]vfk/LIf0fn] dxfn]vf lgoGqssf] sfof{no / cGtu{tsf sfof{nox?df
k|of]udf NofO{Psf ;km\6j]o/nfO{ ;d]6]sf] 5 .
2.3 k4lt M n]vfk/LIf0f of]hgfdf pNn]lvt ljlw Pj+ k|lqmof cg'?k n]vfk/LIf0f ul/g] lgsfosf] ;"rgf k|ljlw
jftfj/0fsf] cWoog, hf]lvd If]qsf] klxrfg ul/ ;DalGwt lgsfoaf6 ljB'tLo tYofÍ k|fKt ul/ pko'Qm
n]vfk/LIf0f ljlw4f/f To;sf] ;'lglZrttf olsg ul/Psf]] 5 . o;sf cnfjf ;"rgf k|ljlwdf ;+nUg
hgzlQm, sfof{no k|d'v / cGo kbflwsf/L;Fusf] 5nkmn / tYofÍ k/LIf0f tyf ljZn]if0f ul/Psf] 5 .
2.4 n]vfk/LIf0fsf cGt/lglxt ;Ldf M gd'gf 5gf}6, dfgjLo q'l6, sf/f]af/ / k|0ffnLsf] hl6ntf Pjd\
clgZrttf, ;dosf] sdL, ;dod} ;"rgf k|fKt gx'g], O{Toflb n]vfk/LIf0fsf ;Lldttfsf ?kdf /x]sf 5g\
.

kl/R5]b–# M n]vfk/LIf0faf6 b]lvPsf Joxf]/fx? M

3.1 ;"rgf k|ljlw lgb]{zs ;ldlt : ;"rgf k|ljlw ;DaGwdf b]lvPsf gjLg cjwf/0ff tyf cfGtl/s ?kdf
b]lvPsf ;d:of tyf r'gf}tL pk/ lg0f{o lngsf] nflu sfof{nodf ;"rgf k|ljlw lgb]{zs ;ldlt u7g
ul/g' kb{5 . ;"rgf k|ljlw n]vfkl/If0fsf] qmddfM sfof{nodf ldlt @)&$.@.* df ;"rgf k|ljlw lgb]{zs
;lxt % ;bl:oo sld6L u7g ePsf] b]lvof] . ;ldlt u7g u/]tf klg xfn;Dd s'g} sfd u/]sf] 5}g .
h;n] ubf{ ;"rgf k|ljlw ;DaGwdf b]lvPsf k|fljlws ;d:of tyf r'gf}tL pk/ tTsfn lg0f{o lng
c;xh eO{ ;"rgf k|ljlw sfo{df /f]sfj6 cfpg ;Sb5 .
3.2 jflif{s tyf /0fg}lts of]hgf M sfof{non] ;"rgf k|ljlwsf ;DaGwdf /0fg}lts of]hgf tyf jflif{s of]hgf
tof/ u/]sf] x'g'kb{5 . sfof{nosf] * jif]{ of]hgf-@)!&–@)@%_ df g} ;"rgf k|ljlw /0fg}lts of]hgf tyf
jflif{s of]hgf /x]sf] sfof{nosf] egfO{ /x]sf] /x]sf] 5 . ;fy} ;fj{hlgs sf]if Joj:yfkg, ;"rgf k|ljlw
/0fg}tls /f]8Dofk, cNksflng tyf bL3{sfnLg sfo{of]hgf ;fy} /fhZj Joj:yfkg ;"rgf k|0ffnL, nfO{g
dGqfno jh]6 ;"rgf k|0ffnL, sDKo"6/s[t ;/sf/L n]vf k|0ffnL, ljQ Joj:yfkg ;'rgf k|0ffnL h:tf
k|0ffnL sf] cjwf/0ff klg ;f] ;"rgf k|ljlw gLltdf /x]sf] hfgsf/L kfO{of] . t/ sfof{non] cnUu} ?kdf
;"rgf k|ljlw ;DalGw /0fg}lgs tyf jflif{s of]hgfx? tof/ u/]sf] b]lvPg . h;n] ubf{ sfof{no ;"rgf
k|ljlwsf] lg/Gt/tf tyf k|ljlw ljsf;df ;xhtfdf c;/ kg{;S5 .
3.3 ;"rgf k|ljlw gLlt : sfof{nodf k|of]u ePsf] ;"rgf k|ljlw ;DaGwdf ;"rgf k|ljlw gLlt, ;"/Iff gLlt,
k|sf]k k'g:yf{kgf gLlt, t]>f] kIf pkof]u gLlt, xf8{j]o/ gLlt, ;k\m6j]o/, tYofÍsf] ljZj;lgotf gLlt,
Jofs ck gLlt, u|fdL0f kx'Fr gLlt, Joj;fo lg/Gt/tf of]ugf, cfbL nufotsf gLltx? tof/ u/L
sfof{Gjogdf NofO{g' kb{5 . t/ sfof{nodf k|of]u ePsf] ;km\6j]o/ ;"/Iff ;DaGwdf ;f] cg'?ksf
gLltx? agfO{Psf] 5}g . h;n] ubf{ ;"rgf k|ljlw ;DalGw ;km\6j]o/sf] ;'/Iff Joj:yfdf hf]lvd /xg]
b]lvG5 . n]vfkl/If0fdf ;"rgf k|ljlw lgb]{zssf cg';f/ ;"rgf k|ljlw gLlt, ;"/Iff gLlt, k|sf]k
k'g:yf{kgf gLlt, t]>f]kIf pkof]u gLlt, xf8{j]o/ gLlt, ;km6\j]o/ gLlt, 8f6f ljZj;lgotf gLlt, Jofs
ck gLlt, u|fld0f kx'Fr gLlt cfbL tof/ u/]sf]] hjfkm cfPsf]df tL gLltx? Joj:yfkgaf6 :jLs[t ePsf
5}gg\
3.4 t]>f]kIf cfZj:ttf : sfof{non] k|of]u u/]sf] Psn vftf sf]if k|0ffnL -6«]h/L l;+un Psfp06\;_ nufot
;"rgf k|ljlwsf] k|lqmof, pkof]u, ;Grfng, Joj:yfkg tyf cg'udgsf nflu :jtGq Pj+ lgikIf ;"rgf
k|ljlw ljz]if1af6 cfZj:ttf kl/If0f u/fPsf] x'g' kb{5 . sfof{non] Ps ;+o'Qm ;fem]bf/ sDkgL dfkm{t
;"rgf k|ljlw k|0ffnLsf] cfZj:ttf k/LIf0f u/fPsf] b]lvof] . pQm sDklgn] !% h'nfO{ @)!* df k]z

2
 u/]sf] k|ltj]bgdf ljleGg ;'wf/sf sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog ug{ Kofr Joj:yfkg, r]Gh d]g]hd]G6 ljlw,
pkof]ustf{ Joj:yfkg / ;'/Iff h:tf ljleGg #) j6f ;'emfj lbPsf]df sfof{noaf6 sfof{Gjog ug]{
r/0fdf /x]sf] hjfkm lbPsf] 5 . cfufdL # jif{ leq sfof{Gjog ug]{ u/L sfof{nosf] jflif{s sfo{qmd
@)&%.&^ tyf ljZj a}Í ;xfotfdf ;~rfng lj:t[t cfof]hgf k|:tfj kl/of]hgfdf kf/]sf] 5 . o;/L
t];|f] kIfaf6 cfPsf] ;'emfjx? ;dod} sfof{Gjog gx'Fbf Psn vftf sf]if k|0ffnLsf] ;~rfngdf ;d:of
cfpg ;S5 .
3.5 cfGtl/s n]vfk/LIf0f M sfof{non] k|of]u cfPsf] ;"rgf k|ljlw ;k\m6j]o/sf] cfGtl/s n]vfk/LIf0f u/fPsf]
x'g' kb{5 . n]vfkl/If0fsf] qmddfM sfof{non] ;"rgf k|ljlw ljefu dfkm{t cfly{s jif{ @)&$.&% df j]e
;'/Iff sf] n]vfk/LIf0f u/fPsf] t/ pQm ;"rgf k|ljlw n]vfk/LIf0f j]e ;fO{6df dfq s]lGb|t /x]sf] tyf
Psn vftf sf]if k|0ffnL ;DaGwdf s'g} ;"rgf k|ljlw n]vfkl/If0f u/]sf] 5}g . pQm ;"rgf k|ljlw ljefu
dfkm{t u/fO{Psf] n]vfkl/If0fdf pRr hf]lvd –!@), dWod hf]lvd–!!^#, Go"g hf]lvd–% tyf ;"rgfTds
hf]lvd–^%$ u/L hDdf !$@ hf]lvd If]qsf] klxrfg u/L l;kmfl/; u/]sf]df sfof{noaf6 pQm
hf]lvdx?nfO{ ;dfwfg tyf Go"lgs/0f ug{sf] nflu OGkmf] 8]enk;{ k|f ln nfO{ l;kmfl/z ul/Psf] ePtf
klg n]vfkl/If0fsf] qmddfM pQm sDkgL dfkm{t s] s:tf sfo{ eO{/x]sf 5g\ ;f] clen]v /fv]sf] 5}g .
o;/L ;"rgf k|ljlw ljefu dfkm{t lbO{Psf ;'emfjx? ;dod} sfof{Gjogdf gNofO{bf k|0ffnL ;~rfngdf
hf]lvd /xg ;Sb5 .
3.6 hgzlQm Joj:yfkg M sfof{nodf k|of]u ePsf] ;km\6j]o/ ;~rfng tyf Joj:yfkgsf] nflu ;"rgf
k|ljlw zfvfdf lgb]{zs–!, sDKo"6/ OlGhlgo/–@ tyf k|0ffnL ljsf; tyf ;dGjo zfvfdf @ sDKo"6/
O{lGhlgo/x?sf] b/aGbL /x]sf] 5 . t/ b'j} zfvfdf ul/ sDKo"6/ O{lGhlgo/ $ sd{rf/Lx?sf] kbk"tL{
ePsf] 5}g . b/aGbL cg';f/ kbk"lt{ gx'Fbf sfof{nosf] b}lgs sfo{ ;~rfngdf c;/ kg]{ b]lvG5 . ;fy}
;"rgf k|ljlw hgzlQmsf] nflu JolQmut ?kdf sfo{ljj/0f k|bfg gu/L zfvfut ?kdf sfo{ ljj/0f
k|bfg ul/Psf] 5 . h;n] ubf{ sd{rf/Ln] s] s:tf sfdx? u¥of] ;f]sf] d"Nof+sg ug{ ;lsb}g . Psn
vftf sf]if k|0ffnL ;~rfng ug{sf] nflu afXo s/f/sf sd{rf/Lx? k|lt a9L cfwf/ /x]sf] kfO{of] . d'Vo
sfdx? h:t}M k|0ffnL ;~rfng, 8]6fj]z ;~rfng tyf g]6js{ ;~rfng O{TofbL sfo{x? ug{ sfof{non]
afXo ;|f]t OGkmf] 8]enk;{ k|f=nL= dfkm{t u/fPsf] 5 . h;n] ubf{ afXo ;|f]t k|lt sfof{no a9L lge{/
/x]sf] 5 .
3.7 sd{rf/L tflnd : ;"rgf k|ljlwsf] tfnLd ;DaGwL of]hgf tof/ u/L Psn vftf sf]if k|0ffnL ;+rfng
ug]{ sd{rf/L tyf cfj4 k|of]ustf{x?nfO{ ;'/Iff hfu/0f cfjZos tflnd ;+rfng u/L k|of]u ug{ ;Ifd
t'Nofpg' kb{5 . ;"rgf k|ljlw n]vfk/LIf0fsf] qmddfM sfof{no;Fu tflnd ;~rfng ug]{ ;do tflnsf
g/x]sf] tyf ;"rgf k|ljlw ;DaGwdf 5'6\6} tflnd of]hgf g/x]tf klg cfly{s jif{ @)&%.&^ sf] nflu
Joj:yfkg kIfaf6 :jLs[t u/fO{ Ifdtf ljsf; tyf ;"rgf k|ljlw zfvf, tYofÍ Joj;fosf] ljz]if1tf
;DaGwdf tflnd, tYofÍ ljZn]if0f, ;"rgf k|ljlw O{G6/k|fO{h ue{g]G;\, OG6/k|fO{h]h cfls{6«]Sr/, ;'/Iff,
klAns km08 d]ghd]G6sf] k|of]ustf{sf] nlfu ;"rgf k|ljlw ;xfotf sIf;Fu ;DalGwt tflnd, Psn
vftf sf]if k|0ffnL-), /fhZj Joj:yfkg ;"rgf k|0ffnL, sDKo"6/s[t ;/sf/L n]vf k|0ffnL tyf ;'q cflb
tflndx? ;~rfng ug]{ sfo{qmd /x]sf] sfof{nosf] egfO{ /x]sf] 5 . o;/L Psn vftf sf]if k|0ffnLsf]
tflnd ;DaGwdf tflnd of]hgf gxF'bf sd{rf/Lx?df k|0ffnLdf yk ePdf gofF ljz]iftfx? ;DaGwdf 1fg
gx'g] ;d:of x'g] x'G5 .
3.8 lgoldttf kl/If0f : sfof{nodf k|of]u ul/Psf] ;"rgf k|ljlw k|0ffnLsf] ;"/Iff dfkb08 tyf xf8{j]o/ /
;km\6j]o/ lgoGq0fx? 7Ls;Fu sfof{Gjog ePsf] ;'lgZrt ug{sf nflu ck/]l6ª k|0ffnLx? cg'ejL

3
 l;:6d O{lGhlgo/, ;k\m6j]o/ Kofs]haf6 kl/If0f, k]g]6]«;g 6]i6, ;'/Iff dfkb08 / ;~rfng dfkb08af6
lgoldttf sf] hfFr ul/g' kb{5 . sfof{non] j]e ;fO{6 sf] le=P=lk=6L= kl/If0f ;"rgf k|ljlw ljefu
dfkm{t u/fPsf] ePtf klg s] slt ;dodf le=P=lk=6L= u/fpg' kg]{ xf] ;f]sf] s'g} ;do tflnsf tyf
afWofTds lg0f{o ePsf] kfO{Pg . h;n] ubf{ ;~rfngdf cfPsf] k|0ffnLdf s] s:tf hf]lvdx? 5g\ ;f]sf]
hfgsf/L Joj:yfkg kIfnfO{ ;dod} k|fKt x'b}Fg .
3.9 x]Nk8]:s M sfof{non] pkof]ustf{x?nfO{ ;"rgf k|ljlw jftfj/0fdf k/]sf ;d:ofx? tTsfn / kof{Kt
?kdf ljZn]if0f ul/ ;'rgf k|ljlw ;xfos dfkm{t ;'Nemfpg x]Nk8]:s ;]jfsf] Joj:yf u/]sf] x'g' kb{5 .
;"rgf k|ljlw n]vfk/LIf0fsf] qmddfM Psn vftf sf]if k|0ffnL;Fu ;DalGwt ;d:ofx?nfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{sf]
nflu k|0ffnLdf s'g} Joj:yf /x]sf] 5}g . To:tf ;d:ofx?sf] hfgsf/L ;DalGwt sfof{nox? dfkm{t
dxfn]vf lgoGqs sfof{nonfO{ O{d]n dfkm{t cfpg] u/]sf] tyf 5'6\6} ;+oGqsf] Joj:yf /x]sf] 5}g . h;n]
ubf{ ;odd} ;"rgf k|ljlw ;d'xnfO{ k|0ffnLdf ;[hgf ePsf ;d:ofx?sf] ;dfwfg geO{ k|0ffnL
;~rfngdf ;d:of pTkGg x'G5 .
3.10 pkof]ustf{ lbUbz{g÷k|lqmof : sfof{non] Psn vftf sf]if k|0ffnL ;~rfngsf nflu tfls{s kx'Fr
;'/Iff, uf]Kotf / lgi7tf sfod ug{sf] nflu cf}krfl/s k|lqmof :yflkt ul/Psf] x'g'kb{5 . sfof{no4f/f
o; ;DaGwdf Psn vftf sf]if k|0ffnL pkof]ustf{ lbUbz{g tof/ u/]sf] 5 . h;df pQm k|0ffnL
;~rfng ug{sf] nflu s]–s:tf ljz]iftf ePsf xf8{j]o/ tyf ;km\6j]o/sf] cfjZostf kb{5 ;f] klg
v'nfO{Psf] 5 . tyfkL pQm Psn vftf sf]if k|0ffnLsf] ;~rfng pQm pkof]ustf{ lbUbz{g cg';f/
;~rfng ePsf] 5, 5}g ;f]sf] k'g/fjnf]sg tyf d"Nof+sg ug]{ ul/Psf] 5}g . k'g/fjnf]sg ug]{ ;+oGq
/x]sf] kfO{Pg . h;n] ubf{ ;+j]bgzLn tYofÍ tyf ;"rgfx?sf] v'nf;f x'g;Sg] tyf k|of]ustf{sf]
clwsf/ / bfloTjdf c:ki6tf cfpg ;Sb5 .
3.11 kf;j8{ M ;"rgf k|ljlw k|0ffnLsf k|0ffnL ;~rfns, ;fwf/0f pkof]ustf{ tyf sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ cIf/,
cÍ tyf ;Í]t ;lxtsf] alnof] kf;j8{sf nfuL ;lhn} ;Demg g;lsg] / ;'/lIft o"h/ g]d jf cfO{8L
tyf lglZrt ;do kl5 kf;j8{nfO{ clgjfo{ ?kdf kl/jt{g ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf, /fp6/, kmfo/jfn tyf
jfo/n]; cflb xf8{j]o/ tyf ;k\m6j]o/sf l8kmN6 kf;j8{ kl/jt{g ug{'kg]{ Joj:yf ;lxtsf] kf;j8{ gLlt
agfPsf] x'g' kb{5 . t/ sfof{nodf k|0ffnLsf] kf;j8{ ;DaGwdf s'g} gLlt /x]sf] 5}g . kf;j8{ gLltsf]
cefjdf Xofs/n] ;"rgf tyf tYofÍ r'xfj6 Pj+ k|0ffnLnfO{ gf]S;fgL k'¥offpg] hf]lvd /xG5 .
3.12 sfo{ ljefhg M k|0ffnL ;~rfngsf nfuL k|of]ustf{ tyf k|of]ustf{x?sf] sfdsf] :ki6 sfo{ ljj/0f
tof/ ul/Psf] x'g'kb{5 . sfof{non] Psn vftf sf]if k|0ffnL ;DaGwdf sd{rf/Lx?df sfo{sf] ljefhg
o'h/ g]d / kf;j8{sf] cfwf/df u/]sf] 5 . o;/L sfo{sf] ljefhg ug]{ ul/Psf] ePtf klg ;f]sf]
k"g/fjnf]sg tyf d"Nof+sg ug]{ ;+oGq eg] pQm k|0ffnLdf /x]sf] 5}g . h;n] ubf{ ;km\6j]o/ ;~rfngdf
;d:of cfpg ;Sb5 .
3.13 cl86 nu / cg'udg : k|0ffnL tyf PlKns]zgdf u/]sf sfdx?sf] clen]v /flv lgoldt ?kdf
cg'udg ug]{ / cglws[t lqmofsnfk lgoGq0f ug]{ ul/g' kb{5 . k|0ffnLsf] ;'/Iffsf] nflu cl86 nusf]
Joj:yf ul/P klg Ps lglZrt ;do–;dodf ;f] cl86 nusf] eg] cg'udg tyf d"Nof+sg ug]{ ul/Psf]
5}g . k|0ffnL ;~rfng ;DaGwdf s'g} ;d:of b]vf k/L To;sf] hfgsf/L k|fKt eP kZrft dfq To;sf]
cg'udg x'g] u/]sf] kfO{of] . o;/L Ps lglZrt ;dodf cl86 nusf] cg'udg x'g] k|0ffnL gx'Fbf To;n]
k|0ffnL ;~rfngdf hf]lvd /xg] x'g ;S5 .

4
3.14 nu O{g tyf nu cfp6 : ;km\6j]o/ ;~rfng ;DaGwdf ;km\6j]o/ ;~rfng x'g 5f]8]sf] lglZrt
;dofjwL kZrft :jtM PlKns]zg aGb x'g], unt nu O{g jf nu cfp6 kf;j8{ k|of]u u/]df lglZrt
k|of; kl5 :jtM aGb x'g] Joj:yf ;lxtsf] nu O{g nu cfp6 gLlt x'g' kb{5 . t/ sfof{nodf Psn
vftf sf]if k|0ffnL ;~rfngsf] nflu pkof]ustf{sf] nu O{g tyf nu cfp6 ;DaGwdf s'g} klg gLlt
/x]sf] 5}g . k|0ffnL pkof]ustf{n] k|0ffnL ;~rfng ug{sf] nflu s] slt k6s ;Dd unt o"h/ g]d tyf
unt kf;j8{ k|of]u ug{ kfpg] xf] ;f]sf] s'g} Joj:yf 5}g . k|of]u ePsf] unt o'h/ g]d tyf unt
kf;j8{ ;DaGwdf k|0ffnLdf s'g} nu a:g] Joj:yf 5}g . k|0ffnL ;~rfng ug{ 5f]8]sf] s]xL ;do kZrft
k|0ffnL :jtM aGb x'g] Joj:yf /x]sf] x'g'kb{5 . t/ o; k|0ffnLsf] xsdf #) ldg]6 /x]sf] kfO{of] . #)
ldg]6 /fVg' eGbf klxnf :jtM aGb x'g] ;do !% ldg]6 /x]sf] / ;f] ;do kl/jt{g ubf{ 8]6fj]z
;~rfnsn] Joj:yfkg kIf;Fu s'g} :jLs[t glnO{ tyf s'g} clen]v lagf ;f] k|0ffnLdf kl/jt{g u/]sf]
b]lvof] . h;n] ubf{ k|0ffnL ;~rfngdf hf]lvd x'g] eO{ k|0ffnLsf] ;'/Iffdf c;/ kg{ ;S5 .
3.15 gjk|j]zL tyf 5f8\g]x?sf] Joj:yfkg M sfof{nodf k|of]u ul/Psf] ;km\6j]o/ ;~rfngsf] nflu
gofFk|j]zLnfO{ gofF o'h/ cfO{8L tyf kf;j8{ lbg] / cGoq hfg] sd{rf/Lsf] tTsfn o'h/ cfO{8L tyf
kf;j8{ :yug u/L ;'/lIft Joj:yfkg ul/g' kb{5 . sfof{non] gjk|j]zL sd{rf/LnfO{ cled'lvs/0f;lxt
o'h/g]d / kf;j8{ lbg] u/]sf], 5f8]/ hfg]sf] o"h/g]d / kf;j8{ Ans ug]{ u/]sf] tyf k|0ffnL k|of]ustf{
eP p;nfO{ lbPsf] o"h/ cfFO{8L / kf;j8{ /dfgf x'g] lbgd} aGb x'g'kg]{df ;DalGwt sf]if tyf n]vf
lgoGqs sfof{non] dxfn]vf lgoGqs sfof{nosf] ;"rgf k|ljlw zfvfnfO{ hfgsf/L u/fP kZrft dfq
o'h/ cfO{8L / kf;j8{ aGb ug]{ u/]sf] 5 . h;n] ubf{ /dfgf eO{ hfg] sd{rf/Lsf] ;DaGwdf k|0ffnL;Fu
;DalGwt tYofÍx?df kx'Fr x'g] ;Defjgf /xL tYofÍx?sf] unt k|of]u x'g ;Sb5 .
3.16 k|0ffnL ;~rfns M k|0ffnL ;Grfng ;DalGw clwsf/ tyf cGo ;'ljwfx? sfo{ ljj/0f cg';f/
sfof{nosf cfGtl/s >f]tsf ;Lldt JolQmx?nfO{ lbO{Psf] x'g'kb{5 / k|0ffnL ;~rfnsdf ;jf{lwsf/
pkof]ustf{ clwsf/ /x]sf] x'G5 . sfof{non] o"h/ ns kmNofu, ;|f]t kmNofu, Pglkmlg6L PS;; kmNofu
cfbL ;DaGwdf afXo ;|f]tsf k/fdz{bftf dfkm{t sfd u/fPsf] 5 . afXo >f]taf6 d'Vo lqmofsnfkdf
ljz]if1 ;+nUg u/fpbfF k|ofu]stf{sf] ;Dj]bgzLn tYof+s tyf ;"rgfx? rf]l/g], x/fpg] tyf hfn;fhL
x'g] hf]lvd /xG5 .
3.17 PlKns]zg lgoGq0f M ;"rgf k|ljlw k|0ffnL ;Grfngdf ;"rgf, sf/f]af/ tyf tYofÍx?nfO{ k"0f{, z'4,
;'/lIft / cflwsf/Ls ?kdf /fVg tyf :yfGt/0f ug{ lgoGq0fsf] jftfj/0f x'g' kb{5 . lgoGq0f
aftfj/0fsf] nfuL k|0ffnL gS;fÍsg ;lxtsf] cflwsfl/s k|ofustf{sf] ;"rL, :6\of088{ o"lg6 kmd{,
kmf]d]{6 r]s, /]Gh r]s, l/hga]n]G; r]s, l8k]g8]G;L r]s, kl/If0f tyf ;fdfGo Joj:yfkg k'g/fjnf]sg
k|lqmofsf] :jLs[t clen]v ;d]t /xg' kb{5 . ;"rgf k|ljlw lgoGq0f aftfj/0fsf] nfuL Mk|0ffnL gSzfÍg
h?/t kb{5 . t/ sfof{non] lgoGq0f aftfj/0fsf]nfuL Mk|0ffnL gSzfÍg agfPsf] 5}g . ;"rgf k|ljlw
lgb]{zssf cg';f/ k|0ffnLnfO{ nfO{e ;e{/df n}hfg'k"j{ k|0ffnLsf] nfeu|fxL :jLs[tL kl/If0f u/fPsf]
hgfPtfklg nfeu|fxL :jLs[lt k/LIf0fsf] k|ltj]bg n]vfk/LIf0fsfnflu k]z gu/]sf] / pQm k|ltj]bgdf
pNn]v ePsf ;'emfjx?sf] sfof{Gjog cj:yf tof/ u/]sf] 5}g . o;af6 tYofÍ tyf 6«fGfh]S;gsf]
lgi7fdf c;/ kg{ ;S5 .
3.18 PlG6efO/; M ;"rgf k|ljlw k|0ffnLnfO{ xfgL k'¥ofpg ;Sg] ;+sf:kb lqmofsnfk tyf efO/;
OToflbnfO{ lgoGq0f ug]{, kQf nufpg] / x6fpg] PlG6efO/; k|of]u ug]{ gLlt tof/ ul/ sfof{Gjog
NofO{g' kb{5 . sfof{non] PcfO{PS; cf]P; ckm cfOlaPd k|of]u NofPsf] 5 . ;f]sf] ;'/Iffsf] lglDt 5'6\6}

5
 PlG6efO{/;sf] cfjZostf gkg]{ sfof{no egfO{ /x]sf] 5 . sfof{non] Psn vftf sf]if k|0ffnLsf] k|0ffnL
lgoGq0fdf PlG6efO/; /fv]sf] 5}g . t/ PlKns]zg sG6«f]n ;/e/sf nfuL] PlG6efO/; /fVg gkg]{ elg
sfof{nosf] egfO{ /x]tf klg ;f] ;DalGw lg0f{o clen]v u/]sf] b]lvPg . o;/L k|0ffnLdf PlG6efO/;sf]
k|of]u gul/gfn] k|0ffnLsf] tYofÍ tyf ;"rgfx? sfd gnfUg] x'g] hf]lvd /xG5 .
3.19 kmfo/jfn gLlt M k|0ffnL ;~rfngdf cfj4 ;xof]uL tyf cGo g]6js{;+usf] ;DaGw kmfo;jf/4f/f
Jojl:yt tyf lgolGqt u/fO{g' kb{5 . kmfo/jfnn] aflx/af6 cfpg] kx'Fr nfO{ :jLsf/ ug]{ jf gug]{ hfFr
ul/ ;+sf:kb ultljlw cfPdf ;'lrt u/L efO/;af6 g]6js{nfO{ ;'/lIft ub{5 . t/ sfof{noo] kmfo/jfn
;DalGw sfo{ k|lqmofnfO{ ckgfPtf klg gLltnfO{ :jLs[t eg] u/fO{Psf] 5}g . :jLs[t kmfo/jfn gLlt
gePsf]n] k|0ffnLnfO{ hf]lvd/lxt agfpg g;Sg] tyf k|0ffnLdf x'g] hf]lvd k|lt sfof{nonfO{ k"j{
hfgsf/L k|fKt gx'g ;Sb5 .
3.20 k"jf{wf/ kx'Fr ;'/Iff ljlw : ;"rgf k|ljlw ;DalGw xf8{j]o/ tyf ;k\m6j]o/df ;dfg?kdf k|of]u x'g]
ul/ ef}lts ;'/Iff ljlw :jLs[t u/L cjnDag ul/Psf] x'g'kb{5 . t/ sfof{nondf k"jf{wf/ kx'Fr ;'/Iffsf
nflu :jLs[t gLlt tyf ljlw /x]sf] 5}g . afXoaf6 sfof{nosf] 8f6fj]zdf k|j]z ug]{x?sf] nflu cfuGt's
lqmofsnfk clen]vsf] Joj:yf ug'{kg]{df ;f]sf] Joj:yf u/]sf] kfO{Pg . oBkL cfGtl/s ?kdf $ hgfnfO{
afof]d]l6«o dfkm{t 8f6fj]zdf kx'Fr k|bfg ul/Psf] 5 . cfuGt's lqmofsnfk clen]vsf] Joj:yf gx'Fbf
k|0ffnLdf /x]sf] 8f6fj]zdf hf]lvd cfpg ;Sb5 .
3.21 cg'udg : sfof{non] :jrflnt sfo{ ;~rfngdf cglws[t kmfOn, tYof+s jf ulNtx? Cglws[t
kmfO{n tyf tYof+snfO{ ljZn]if0f ul/ ;k\m6j]o/ tyf tYof+sx?af6 x6fpg tyf /f]Sgsf nflu lgoldt
cg'udg ul/g' kb{5 . n]vfkl/If0fsf] qmddfM k|0ffnLdf /x]sf tYofÍx?sf] ;'/Iffsf] nflu lgoldt ?kdf
k'g/fjnf]sg tyf d"Nof+sg ug]{ ul/Psf] 5}g . ;km\6j]o/df /x]sf tYofÍx? ;DaGwdf lgoldt ?kdf
cgfjZos tYofÍx?nfO{ x6fpFb} hfg] ul/Psf] 5}g . h;n] ubf{ ;km\6j]o/sf] ;~rfngdf hf]lvd /xg
;S5 .
3.22 Jofsck gLlt : k|0ffnLdf /x]sf tYofÍx?sf] ;'/Iffsf] lglDt Jofsck gLlt ;[hgf u/L To;sf]
plrt kl/If0f ug'{ kb{5 . tYofÍx?sf] Jofsck sf] nflu ljefusf] cfkm\g} tYofÍ s]Gb| tyf ;/sf/L
Plss[t tYofÍ s]Gb|df tYofÍ s]Gb /x]sf] 5 . tYofÍx?sf] ;'/Iffsf] nflu k|To]s @–@ lbgdf Jofsck
lbO{g] ePtf klg tYofÍ Jofsck sf] k|lqmof /fd|f];Fu ;DkGg eP gePsf] elg k/LIf0f ug]{ ul/Psf] 5}g .
h;n] ubf{ tYofÍ Jofsck sf] k|lqmof /fd|f];Fu ;DkGg ePsf] elg ljZj:t x'g;Sg] cfwf/ geO{
k|0ffnLdf /x]sf] tYofÍsf] ;'/Iffdf c;/ kg{ ;Sb5 .
3.23 t]>f]kIf M sfof{nosf] sfoaf]em tyf cfjZostf cg';f/ :jLs[t Joj:yfksLo lg0f{osf] cfwf/df t]>f]
kIf lgo'Qm ul/g' kb{5 . sfof{non] ;km\6j]o/nfO{ lg/Gt/ ;~rfng ug{sf] nflu cfjZos OG6/g]6 ;]jf
k|bfos, k|0ffnL ;~rfng, g]6js{ ;Grfng, 8f6fa]z ;~rfng cfbL ;]jfx? ljleGg t]>f]kIf dfkm{t
lnO{/x]sf] 5 . sfof{no ;km\6j]o/ ;~rfngsf nflu t]>f]kIf ;dIf a9L lge{/ /xFbf ;km\6j]o/sf]
tYofÍdf hf]lvd /xg ;Sg] tyf ;km\6j]o/ ;~rfngdf c;/ kg{ ;Sb5 .
3.24 O{G6/km]; : sfof{non] g]6js{, l8:s; jf 6]K; dfk{mt k'0f{ tyf z'4 tYofÍx? :yfGt/0f u/]sf] /
g]6js{ dfkm{t :yfGt/0f x'g]df :jrflnt ?kdf ulNt kQf nufpg] / ;'wf/ ug]{ ;'ljwf /x]sf] x'g' kb{5 .
k/LIf0fsf] qmddfM tYofÍx? ;f]em} 8f6fa];df hfg] / cknf]8 tyf :yfGt/0fdf xf8{ l8:s k|of]u x'g]
u/]sf] 5}g . tyflk 8f6fj]zdf cknf]8 ePsf tYofÍx? k"0f{ ?kdf 6«fG;km/ eP gePsf] k/LIf0f tyf

6
 d"Nof+sg ug]{ ;+oGq eg] 5}g . k'g/fjnf]sg ug]{ k4lt g/x]sf]n] z'4 tyf k"0f{ tYofÍ :yfGt/0fdf
ljZj:t gx'g] hf]lvd /x]sf] 5 .
3.25 jftfj/0fLo k|lt/Iff M ;"rgf k|ljlwdf k|of]u x'g] ;Dk"0f{ xf8{j]o/ tyf ;k\m6j]o/ cfunfuL tyf af9L
klx/f]af6 gf]S;fgL x'g g;Sg] jftfj/0fLo :yfgdf /flvPsf] / k"0f{ ;'/lIft ljB'tLo zlQm tyf j}slNks
ljB't cfk"tL{;d]tsf] Joj:yf ul/Psf] x'g' kb{5 . sfof{non] ;Dk"0f xf8{j]o/ tyf ;k\m6j]o/x?sf]
cfunfuL, af9L, e"sDk tyf clgoldt ljB't cfk"tL{sf nflu /fli6«o ;"rgf k|ljlw s]Gb|df /x]sf] ;/sf/L
;"rgf 8f6f s]Gb|df lge{/ /x]sf] kfO{of] . t/ ;/sf/L Plss[t tYofÍs s]Gb|df /xsf] k"jf{wf/ jf9L, e'sDk
tyf clgoldt ljB't cfk"tL{ Joj:yf ;Gtf]ifhgs x'g ;Sg] k"jf{wf/ Joj:yfsf] clen]v sfof{nodf /x]sf]
b]lvPg . o;af6 sfof{nosf] ;"rgf tyf tYofÍ gf]S;fgL x'g;Sg] hf]lvd /x]sf] 5 .
3.26 ;]So'l/6L nU; M sfof{non] ;"rgf k|ljlwsf] k|of]udf cfO{k/]sf ;j} lsl;dsf ;'/Iff r'gf}tLsf] clen]v
/fVg] / pRr Joj:yfkgaf6 ljZn]if0f ul/ ;dfwfg ug]{ Joj:yf x'g' kb{5 . sfof{non] Psn vftf sf]if
k|0ffnL ;~rfngsf] nflu ;]So'l/6L nu;\ ;DaGwdf gLlt agfPsf] 5}g . tyfkL k|0ffnL ;DaGwdf s'g}
;]So"l/6L hf]lvd cfPdf ;f] kQf nufP/ To;sf] hfgsf/L dflyNnf] txdf hfgsf/L u/fpg] ul/P klg
;f]sf] nu /fVg] ul/Psf] 5}g . o;af6 g]6js{df cglws[t ultljlw cglws[t kl/dfh{g kQf gnfUg]
hf]lvd /xG5 . ctM k|0ffnL ;~rfng ;DaGwdf ;]So'l/6L nu;\ gLltsf] th'{df u/L ;f]sf] sfof{Gjog
;DaGwdf lgoldt ?kdf ;]So'/Ll6 nU; cg'udg tyf ljZn]if0f ul/ ;'/Iff r'gf}tLx? ;dfwfg ul/g'
kb{5 .
3.27 ;DklQ clen]v M ;"rgf k|ljlwdf k|of]u ePsf ;a} xf8{j]o/ tyf ;k\m6j]o/sf] ;DklQ clen]v /fVg]
/ lgoldt ef}lts kl/If0f ul/ clen]v cBfjlws /fv]sf] x'g' kb{5 . sfof{non] xf8{j]o/ tyf
;k\m6j]o/sf] clen]v cGo ;DklQ;+u /fv]sf] / ;f] klg :ki6 /x]sf] 5}g . sfof{non] ;"rgf k|ljlw;+u
;DalGwt xf8{j]o/ tyf ;km\6j]o/x?sf] juL{s/0f tyf Jojl:yt ;DklQ clen]v /fVg] u/]]sf] 5}g / s'g–
s'g xf8{j]o/ tyf ;km\6j]o/ /x]sf] :yfgsf] clen]v ug]{ u/]sf] klg b]lvPg . o;af6 ;"rgf k|ljlwsf
xf8{j]o/ tyf ;k\m6j]o/ pks/0fx?sf] k|efjsf/L pkof]udf c;/ kg{;S5 .
3.28 tYofÍ w'Nofpg] : sfof{non] sfuh,r'DasLo, >Job[Zo, o'P;jL :6f]/]h, k'/fgf sDKo'6/ / Nofk6k
cflbdf /x]sf ;+j]bgzLn ;"rgf tyf tYofÍx? :jLs[t sfo{ljlw cg';f/ w'NofPsf] x'g' kb{5 . sfof{non]
xfn;Dd tYofÍ w'Nofpg] sfo{x? u/]sf] 5}g / sfo{ljlw tof/ u/]sf] klg 5}g . n]vfk/LIf0fsf] ;do;Dd
sfof{nosf] hfgsf/L cg';f/ jt{dfg ;e{/sf] :6f]/]h Ifdtf $ l6=aL= /x]sf]df xfn $)) lh=aL= dfq
k|of]udf cfPsf] 5 . tYofÍx? gw'NofO{Pdf tYofÍ /xg] :yfgsf] cefj x'g] hf]lvd /xG5 . h;n] ubf{
;km6\j]o/ ;~rfng;Fu ;DalGwt tYofÍ e08f/0fdf hf]lvd x'g ;Sb5 .
3.29 Joj;fo lg/Gt/tf of]hgf / k|sf]k k'gM:yfkgf of]hgf : sfof{non] ;"rgf k|ljlwsf] Joj;fo
lg/Gt/tf of]hgf / k|sf]k k'gM:yfkgf of]hgf tof/ ul/ To;sf] k|efj ljZn]if0f ug]{ u/]sf] x'g'kb{5 .
sfof{non] Joj;fo lg/Gt/tf of]hgf tyf k|sf]k k'gM:yfkgf of]hgf tof/ u/]sf] 5}g . oBkL sfof{non]
lgoldt Jofs ck ug]{ u/]sf] ePtf klg To;sf] lgoldt ?kdf d"Nof+sg ug]{ ul/Psf] 5}g . sfof{nosf]
k|sf]k k'gM:yfkgfsf nflu ;/sf/L Plss[t tYofÍ s]Gb|sf] lglDt x]6f}8fdf :yfg pknAw ePsf] hgfPsf]
5 . oL of]hgfsf] cefjdf afXo r'gf}tL, ;fO{j/ cfqmd0f, k|fs[lts k|sf]k cflb cj:yfdf Psn vftf
sf]if k|0ffnLsf] lg/Gt/tfdf cj/f]wsf] hf]lvd /xG5 . o;af6 ;"rgf tyf tYofÍsf] ljZj;gLotf tyf
lgi7tfdf c;/ kb{5 .

7
3.30 s:6'dfO{H8÷ aL:sf]k ;"rgf k|ljlw k|0ffnL : sfof{non] ;"rgf k|ljlw k|0ffnLnfO{ sfof{nosf] sfdsf]
/0fgLlt, kl/eflift cfjZostf tyf dfkb08, hf]lvd ljZn]if0f, nfut–nfe ljZn]if0f, ;'/Iff hf]lvd
d"NofÍg cg';f/ k|0ffnL ljsf;, kl/dfh{g tyf ;'wf/ ug]{ ul/ k|fyldstf lgwf{/0f ul/g' kb{5 . Psn
vftf sf]if k|0ffnL aL:sf]k ;"rgf k|ljlw k|0ffnLdf cfwf/Lt /x]sf] 5 . ;"rgf k|ljlw lgb]{zssf cg';f/
Psn vftf sf]if k|0ffnLnfO{ cfjZostf cg';f/ kl/dfh{g ul/Psf] / ;/sf/L lgsfo, a}+s tyf cGo
pkof]ustfsf] ;d:ofx? / ;'emfjx? cfO{l6 l6dsf] k'g/fjnf]sg tyf 5nkmn kZrft :jLs[t u/fO{
cBfjlws, kl/dfh{g tyf k'g/fjnf]sg ug]{ u/]sf] 5 . t/ sfof{non] k|0ffnL k'/fjnf]sg ug]{ lglZrt
;do lgwf{/0f u/]sf] 5}g .
3.31 pRr Joj:yfkg :jLs[tL : ;~rfnLt ;"rgf k|ljlw k|0ffnLdf yk ljsf; tyf kl/dfh{g ug'{ k/]df
sfof{nosf] pRr Joj:yfkg tyf ;"rgf k|ljlw zfvfsf] :jLs[t ePsf] x'g' kb{5 . k|0ffnLsf s'g} gofF
lsl;dsf] ljz]iftf h8fg tyf kl/jt{g ubf{ k|d'v ljifoj:t'x?df afx]s pRr Joj:yfkg kIfaf6
:jLs[lt{ lnO{Psf] clen]v /fVg] ul/Psf] 5}g . h:t}M o"h/ nucfp6sf] l:lqmg ;]e/ ;DaGwdf klxnf !%
ldg]6 ;od /flvPsf]df kl5 #) ldg]6 agfO{sf]df To;sf] s'g} clen]v /flvPsf] 5}g . To:t} ;k\m6j]o/
k|0ffnLdf s] s], slxn] / s;n] kl/dfh{g u/]sf] eGg] :jrflnt clen]vf+sg x'g] k|0ffnL 5}g .
;dofg's'n k'g/fjnf]sg gx'gfn] lgwf{/Lt ;dodf ul/g' kg]{ ;'wf/ gx'g ;Sb5 .
3.32 sfo{ ljefhg : sfof{non] ;km\6j]o/ k|0ffnLsf] tYofÍx?sf] ljsf;, kl/dfh{g, kl/If0f, sfof{Gjog /
:yfGt/0f ug]{ sfo{ km/s km/s jftfj/0fdf Jojl:yt u/]sf] x'g'kb{5 . Psn vftf sf]if k|0ffnL ;DaGwdf
Joj;flos cfjZostf cg';f/ k|0ffnLsf] ljsf; ul/G5 . k|0ffnLdf s]–s:tf ljz]iftfx? yk ug'{kg]{ xf]
;f]sf] hfgsf/L lahg]z o"lg6nfO{ u/fP kl5 8]enk{;4f/f k|0ffnLsf] ljsf; ul/G5, ;f] kZrft To;nfO{
lahg]z o"lg6n] kl/If0f jftfj/0fdf kl/If0f ub{5g\ . o;}u/L ljleGg JolQmx? pQm k|0ffnLsf] k/LIf0f
tyf k|of]udf ;xefuL x'G5g\ ;fy} 6]:6 ;e{/ / nfO{e ;e{/sf] nflu km/s km/s o''h/ g]d / kf;j8{sf]
Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 . o;/L k|0ffnLsf g]6js{ ;~rfns, 8f6fj]z ;~rfns tyf k|0ffnL ;~rfnssf] sfo{
ljefhg u/]sf] 5 . oBkL k|0ffnLdf 6]:6 ;e{/df a;]sf sd{rf/LnfO{ nfO{e ;e{/df lng] glng] ;DaGwdf
k|0ffnLsf] ljsf; ul/Psf] 5}g . ;fy} nfO{e ;e{/df uP kZrft To;sf] ;'k/Lj]If0f tyf d"Nof+sg ug]{
ul/Psf] 5}g . h;n] ubf{ k|0ffnL ;~rfngdf hf]lvd /xg] / k|0ffnLsf] tYofÍdf cgflws[t kx'Fr /xg]
hf]lvd /xG5 .
3.33 pkof]ustf{ :jLs[lt kl/If0f : sfof{non] ljsf; tyf kl/dfh{g u/]sf] ;k\m6j]o/ k|0ffnLnfO{ k|of]udf
n}hfg' eGbf klxnf nfeu|fxLx?nfO{ pkof]udf ;xh x'g] jf ;d:of gcfpg] ;DaGwdf pkof]ustf{
:jLs[lt kl/If0f u/fpg' kb{5 . sfof{non] Psn vftf sf]if k|0ffnLsf] ;'?jft ;ko / xfn t];f]|kIf
dfkm{t k|0ffnLdf yk ljsf; ubf{ klg pkof]ustf{ :jLs[lt kl/If0f ug]{ ul/Psf] 5}g . h;n] ubf{ s'g
p2]Zon] k|0ffnLsf] ljsf; ul/Psf] lyof] tyf k|of]ustf{ cg's'n lyof] jf lyPg ;f]sf] clen]v g/xFbf
k|0ffnLsf] ;~rfngdf hf]lvd /xg] x'G5 .
3.34 kl/jt{g Joj:yfkg : sfof{nodf k|0ffnL k|flKt tyf Joj:yfkg kl/jt{g / k|0ffnLdf cfsl:ds
kl/dfh{g ubf{ gLlt cg';f/sf] k|lqmof cjnDag ul/g' kb{5 . o; k|0ffnLdf ;fdfGo kl/jt{g ubf{
lah]g; o'lg6sf] cfu|xdf k|0fnL Joj:yfksåf/f kl/jt{g ug]{ u/]sf] t/ o:tf kl/jt{gsf] clen]v /fVg]
u/]sf] 5}g . clen]v g/fv]sf sf/0f hfn;fhLk"0f{ tyf cglws[t kl/jt{g x'g ;Sg] b]lvG5 . o;af6
k|0ffnLdf kf]g{ cfqmd0f x'g ;Sg] tyf 8f6f rf]/L x'g ;Sg] b]lvG5 .

8
3.35 ljZj;gLotf : sfof{non] k|flKt u/]sf xf8{j]o/ tyf ;k\m6j]o/sf] ljZj;lgotfsf] ;Demf}tf ;d]t
u/]sf] x'g'kb{5 . sfof{non] xf8{j]o/ tyf ;k\m6j]o/ vl/b ubf{ ;f]sf] :k]l;lkms]zgdf jf/]lG6 x'g] hgfPtf
klg cfk"t{saf6 ;'/If0f w/f}6L s6fpg] u/]sf] 5}g / sfof{non] jf/]lG6 ;DalGw clen]vx? /fv]sf] 5}g .
o;af6 xf8{j]o/ tyf ;k\m6j]o/sf] pkof]u cjlwsf] ;'lglZrttf tyf ;~rfng/dd{t nfut j[l4sf]
hf]lvd a9]sf] 5 .
3.36 k|of]u kZrft k'g/fjnf]sg : sfof{nodf k|of]udf cfPsf] ;km\6]o/ k|0ffnLsf] ljsf; tyf kl/dfh{gsf]
sfo{;Dkfbg lglZrt ;dodf k|of]u kZrft k'g/fjnf]sg ul/Psf] x'g' kb{5 . cfsl:ds cj:yfdf
k|0ffnLdf s'g} lsl;dsf] kl/jt{g u/]sf] v08df ljZn]if0f tyf hf+rsf] dfqf j9fOg' kb{5 . h;n] ubf{
;km\6j]o/df ;[hgf ePsf ;d:ofsf] hfgsf/L sfof{nonfO{ ;dod} x'G5 . t/ sfof{non] Psn vftf
sf]if k|0ffnL ;km\6j]o/sf] ;do ;dodf k'g/fjnf]sg ug]{ Joj:yf u/]sf] 5}g . o;af6 k|0ffnL
;~rfngdf cfO{k/]sf O{lG;8]06, aU; tyf cGo ljleGg ;d:ofx? ;dfwfg x'g g;sL k|0ffnLsf] lg/Gt/
;~rfng tyf ;'lglZrttfdf hf]lvd /xG5 .
3.37 a}s ;dfwfg M Psn vftf sf]if k|0ffnL ;+rfng lgb]{lzssf] bkmf $ cg';f/ sfof{non] u/]sf] sf/f]jf/
cg';f/sf] k|flKt tyf e'QmfgLsf] ;dfof]hgsf nflu g]kfn /fi6« j}+snfO{ x/]s lbg ;dfof]hg cfb]z
k7fpg' kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . sf]if tyf n]vf lgoGqs sfof{no-sf]=n]=lg=sf=_x?n] ;/sf/L sf/f]jf/ ug]{
j}+s;+u b}lgs ?kdf lx;fj ldnfg ub{5g t/ Psn vftf sf]if k|0ffnLdf :jrflnt ?kdf lx;fj ldnfg
x'g] cj:yf 5}g . pk dxfn]vf lgoGqssf cg';f/ k|To]s lbg ;dflKt k5L sf]n]lgsfn] g]kfn /fi6«
j}+snfO{ ;dfof]hg ljj/0f k7fpg] u/]sf] 5 .
3.38 sd{rf/Lx?sf] e'QmfgL M Psn vftf sf]if k|0ffnL ;+rfng lgb]{lzssf] !)=!=! cg';f/ vr{ ug]{
sfof{non] cfˆgf sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ e'QmfgL u/Lg] tnj eQf /sd ;DjlGwt sd{rf/Lsf] j}+s vftfdf l;w}
hDdf ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . sfof{non] ;a} sd{rf/Lx?sf] tnj eQf /sd Pp6} r]s dfkm{t j}+s vftfdf
sd{rf/Lsf] ljj/0f;d]t k7fpg] / a}sn] ;DalGwt sd{rf/Lsf] vftfdf hDdf ug]{ u/]sf] 5 . t/
cbfntsf sd{rf/Lx?sf] tnj eQf /sd gub} e'QmfgL ug]{ u/]sf] 5 .
3.39 /]vflÍt r]s M Psn vftf sf]if k|0ffnL ;+rfng lgb]{lzssf] !)=!=!* cg';f/ sf]if tyf n]vf lgoGqs
sfof{nonjf6 hf/L x'g] r]s /]vflÍt x'g'k5{ . t/ clwsfz+ /]vflÍt r]s hf/L u/]tf klg ;–;fgf
e'QmfgLsfnflu sf/0f v'nfP/ afxs r]s klg hf/L ug]{ u/]sf] 5 . o;af6 lgb]{lzsf sfof{Gjogsf] p2]Zo
k|flKtdf c;/ kg{ ;S5 .
3.40 oyfy{ ;dosf] a}s df}Hbft : Psn vftf sf]if k|0ffnL ;~rfng lgb]{lzssf] !)=!=@! cg';f/ k|To]s
dlxgfsf] % ut] leqdf ;/sf/L sf/f]jf/ ug]{ a}+s;+u lx;fa ldnfg u/L clen]v cWofjlBs u/L
k|dfl0ft ul//fVg'kg]{ 5 . sfof{non] cfly{s jif{ Joltt ePkl5 klg r]ssf] e'QmfgL Dofb af+sL /xg]
x'gfn] Ps cfly{s jif{df hf/L ePsf] r]ssf] e'QmfgL csf]{ cfly{s jif{df ug{'kg]{ x'Fbf ;f]sf] nflu sf]if
tyf n]vf lgoGq0f sfof{non] e'QmfgL x'g af+sL r]ssf] ljj/0f tof/ u/L ;DalGwt a}sdf k7fpg' kg]{ /
sf]if tyf n]vf lgoGq0f sfof{non] r]s ;f6\g af+sLsf] ljj/0f tof/ u/L g]kfn /fi6« a}+sdf k]z ug]{
u/]sf] 5 . o;af6 sfof{nosf] oyfy{ ;dosf] a}s df}Hbft yfxf x'g' kg]{ lgb][lzgsfsf] p2]Zo k|fKtLdf
c;/ k/]sf] 5 . o;sf] sf/0f k|0ffnLn] :jrflnt ?kdf a}+s ;dfwfg ljj/0f tof/ ug]{ gug'{ xf] .
3.41 lgb]{lzsf sfof{Gojg M Psn vftf sf]if k|0ffnL ;+rfng lgb]{lzssf] !)=!=@# cg';f/ sf]if tyf n]vf
lgoGqs sfof{non] g]kfn /fi6« jF}snfO{ /sd hDdf ug{ lbPsf] cfb]zsf] Psk|lt b}lgs ?kdf dxfn]vf
lgoGqs sfof{no sf]if k|zf;g zfvfdf k7fpg' kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . t/ sf]if tyf n]vf lgoGqs

9
 sfof{Nfox?n] dxfn]vf lgoGqs sfof{Nfodf k7fpg] u/]sf 5}gg\ . pk dxfn]vf lgoGqssf cg';f/
k|0ffnLdf :jrflnt ?kdf Joj:yfkg ug]{ ePsfn] sf] n] lg sf af6 g]kfn /fi6« jF}snfO{ /sd hDdf ug{
lbPsf] cfb]zsf] k|lt b}lgs ?kdf lng] gu/]sf] hfgsf/L eof] . lgb]{lzsfdf plNnlvt Joj:yf cfjZos
gkg]{ eP lgb]{lzsfsf] pQm Joj:yf k'g/fjnf]sg ul/g' kb{5 .
3.42k|f]T;fxg k|0ffnL M Psn vftf sf]if k|0ffnL ;+rfng lgb]{lzssf] !)=!=@# cg';f/ e'QfgL cfb]z adf]lhd
lgsf;f ug]{, a}Fsaf6 vr{sf] ljj/0f lng] / a}FsnfO}{ /sd zf]wegf{ ug]{ sfo{sf] nflu sfof{non]
lgDgfg';f/sf] tflnsf cjnDjg u/]sf] x'g'kb{5
sfo{ ljj/0f sfof{no ;do % ah]leq sfof{no ;do $ ah]leq
e'QmfgL cfb]z btf{ !@ ah] leq !@ ah] leq
r]s hf/L @ ah] leq @ ah] leq
b}lgs a}+lsªaf6 r]s e'QmfgLsf] ljj/0f k|fKt $M#) ah] leq # ah] leq
lx;fa le8fg ul/ s]lGb|o ;/sf/ vftfaf6 vr{ n]lv $M#) ah] leq #M#) ah] leq
;/sf/L sf/f]af/ ug]{ a}FsnfO{ zf]wegf{ ug{ n]lv
k7fpg]
s]G›Lo ;/sf/sf] vftfaf6 vr{ n]Vg g]kfn /f:6« % ah] leq $ ah] leq
a}+snfO{ n]v]sf] hfgsf/L dxfn]vf lgoGqs
sfof{nodf k7fpg]
sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ k|f]T;fxg ug{sf] nflu sfo{;Dkfbgdf cfwf/Lt k|f]T;fxg k|0ffnL cjnDjg ul/Psf] 5 .
pQm tflnsf cg';f/ dxfn]vf lgoGqs sfof{no-d=n]=lg=sf=_ cGtut{sf *! j6f sf]n]lgsfåf/f cjnDjg
ul/Psf] 5 . dn]lgsf cg';f/ j9L k|f]T;fxg eQf bflj ug{ sfof{non] k]z u/]sf] e'QmfgL cfb]z
sf]n]lgsfn] h'g;'s} ;dodf :jLsf/ gu/L cg's'n ;dodf e'QmfgL cfb]z :jLsf/ u/L sfo{tflnsf
cg';f/ g} sfo{ ;DkGg u/]sf] b]vfO{G5 . h;n] ubf{ jf:tljs ?kdf ;do tflnsfsf] k"0f{ ?kdf
sfof{Gjog ePsf] 5}g .
3.43 w/f}6Lsf] df:s]jf/L M Psn vftf sf]if k|0ffnL ;+rfng lgb]{lzssf] !)=@= cg';f/ sf]n]lgsfn] w/f}6Lsf]
df:s]jf/L tof/ u/L dlxgf e'Qmfg ePsf] ;ft lbgleq tyf lgb]{lzssf] !)=!=@$ cg';f/ sf]ifsf]
cj:yfsf] dfl;s ljj/0f dfl;s ?kdf dxfn]vf lgoGqs sfof{no sf]if k|zf;g zfvfdf k7fpg' kg]{5
t/ pQm ljj/0f Psn vftfsf]if k|0ffnLåf/f g} :jfrflnt ?kdf k|fKt x'g]xF'bf ;f] cg';f/ k7fpg] u/]sf]
kfOPg . lgb]{lzsfdf plNnlvt Joj:yf cfjZos gkg]{ eP lgb]{lzsfsf] pQm Joj:yf k'g/fjnf]sg ul/g'
kb{5 .

kl/R5]b–$ M ;'emfj
4.1.1 n]vfk/LIf0faf6 b]lvPsf plNnlvt Aoxf]/fx?sf ;DaGwdf lgDg cg';f/sf ;'emfj sfof{Gjog ug'{
pko'Qm b]lvG5 M
4.1.2 ;"rgf k|ljlw lgb]{zs ;ldlt : ;'rgf k|ljlw lgb]{zs ;ldtLsf] k'gu{7g ul/ k|efjsf/L agfO{g' kb{{5 .
4.1.3 jflif{s tyf /0fg}lts of]hgf M sfof{non] ;"rgf k|ljlw zfvfsf] /0fg}lts of]hgf tyf jflif{s of]hgf
tof/ u/L sfof{Gjog ug'{ kb{5 .
4.1.4 ;"rgf k|ljlw gLlt : ;"rgf k|ljlw ;km\6j]o/sf] ;'/Iffsf] nflu cfjZos plNnlvt gLltsf] th{'df
tyf sfof{Gjog ul/ ;"rgf k|ljlw;+u ;DalGwt sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ lhDd]jf/ Pj+ hjfkmb]xL agfO{g' kb{5
.

10
4.1.5 t]>f]kIf cfZj:ttf : t];|f] kIfaf6 lbO{Psf] ;'emfjx? sfof{Gjog r/0fdf /x]sf]÷g/x]sf] ;'k/Lj]If0f
ug]{ ;+oGqsf] ljsf; u/L k|0ffnLsf] ;'/Iff tyf k|efjsf/L ;~rfngsf] nflu pQm k|ltj]bgsf]
;'emfjx? sfof{Gjog ug'{kb{5 .
4.1.6 cfGtl/s n]vfk/LIf0f M ;"rgf k|ljlw ljefu dfkm{t lbO{Psf ;'emfjx? lz3| sfof{Gjogdf Nofpg] tyf
Psn vftf sf]if k|0ffnL ;k\m6j]o/sf] klg cfGtl/s n]vfkl/If0f u/fO{g' kb{5 .
4.1.7 hgzlQm Joj:yfkg M sfof{nodf ePsf] ;"rgf k|ljlw tkm{sf] hgzlQmsf] b/aGbL cg';f/ sd{rf/Lsf]
Joj:yf ub}{ afXo ;|f]t dfyLsf] lge{/tfnfO{ sd ub}{ n}hfg' kb{5 .
4.1.8 sd{rf/L tflnd : Psn vftf sf]if k|0ffnL ;DaGwdf yk ePsf gofF ljz]iftfx? k|lt sd{rf/Lx?nfO{
cEo:t agfpgsf] nflu jflif{s tflnd of]hgf agfO{ sfof{Gjogdf Nofpg' kb{5 .
4.1.9 lgoldttf k/LIf0f : sfof{nodf k|of]u ul/Psf] ;"rgf k|ljlw k|0ffnLsf] ;"/Iff dfkb08 tyf xf8{j]o/
/ ;km\6j]o/ lgoGq0fx? 7Ls;Fu sfof{Gjog ePsf] ;'lgZrt ug{sf nflu ck/]l6ª k|0ffnLx?sf]
lgoldttfsf] hfFr ul/g' kb{5 .
4.1.10 x]Nk8]:s M Psn vftf sf]if k|0ffnLdf b]lvPsf ;d:ofx?sf] hfgsf/L dxfn]vf lgoGqs sfof{nosf]
;DalGwt ;"rgf k|ljlw zfvfnfO{ hfgsf/L u/fpgsf] nflu x]Nk8]:ssf] Joj:yf ug'{kb{5 .
4.1.11 pkof]ustf{ lbUbz{g÷k|lqmof : ;km6j]o/ ;~rfng ;DaGwdf ePsf] pkof]ustf{ lbUbz{gdf Joj:yf
eP adf]lhd sfd ;~rfng eP gePsf] hfFr ug]{] ;+oGq tof/ ug'{kb{5 .
4.1.12 kf;j8{ M kf;j8{ ;DaGwdf Go"gQd kf;j8{ c+s, kf;j8{sf] Go"gQd tyf clwsQd cfo', kf;j8{sf
cGo ljz]iftfx? v'Ng] u/L kf;j8{ gLltsf] :jLs[t u/L sfof{Gjogdf NofO{g' kb{5 .
4.1.13 sfo{ ljefhg M k|0ffnL ;~rfngsf nflu sfo{ ljefhgsf] p2]Zo cg'?k sfd ;~rfng eP gePsf]
;'kl/j]If0f tyf d"Nof+sg ug{sf] nflu k|0ffnLd} k'g/fjnf]sg tyf ;'k/Lj]If0f ;+oGqsf] ljsf; u/L
sfof{Gjogdf NofO{g' kb{5 .
4.1.14 cl86 nu / cg'udg : PlKns]zg tyf k|0ffnL k|of]udf cfPsf ;d:of ;dfwfgsf nflu cl86 nu
cBfjlws u/L lgoldt ?kdf cg'udg ug]{ Joj:yf ul/g' kb{5 .
4.1.15 nu O{g tyf nu cfp6 : k|0ffnLsf] nu O{g tyf nu cfp6 ;DaGwdf :ki6 gLltsf] th'{df ul/
;f]sf] k|efjsfl/sf ;fy k|of]u ug]{ tyf k|0ffnLdf s'g} ljz]iftf kl/jt{g ubf{ Joj:yfkg kIf;Fu
:jLs[lt lnO{ ;f] clen]v /x]g] u/L k|lqmofnfO{ cl3 a9fO{g' kb{5 .
4.1.16 gjk|j]zL tyf 5f8\g]x?sf] Joj:yfkg M /dfgf eO{ hfg] sd{rf/Lx?sf] o"h/ cfO{8L / kf;j8{ aGb ug]{
;DaGwdf k|0ffnLd} dxfn]vf lgoGqs sfof{nosf] ;"rgf k|ljlw zfvfnfO{ hfgsf/L u/fOg] Joj:yf
ul/g'sf] ;fy} ;f]sf] clen]v /fVg] Joj:yf ul/g' kb{5 .
4.1.17 k|0ffnL ;~rfns M k|0ffnL ;~rfns tyf ;'k/ o'h/df cfGtl/s >f]ts} sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ nufpg] tyf
cGo ;xfos sfddf dfq afXo ;|f]tsf sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ ;+nUg u/fO{g' kb{5 .
4.1.18 PlKns]zg lgoGq0f M sf]if k|0ffnLsf] ;Dk"0f{ k|lqmof :ki6 b]lvg] Mk|0ffnL gSzfÍg tof/ ug{'kg]{,
nfeu|fxL :jLs[tL k/LIf0f k|ltj]bgdf plNnlvt ;'emfjx? sfof{Gjog ul/g' kb{5 .
4.1.19 PlG6efO/; M sfof{non] ;km\6j]o/df /x]sf tyf cknf]8 x'g] clen]v tyf kmfonx? clgjfo{ ?kdf
:jtM :Sofg x'g] PlG6efO/; h8fg ul/ ;km\6j]o/nfO{ ;'/lIft ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5 .
4.1.20 kmfo/jfn gLlt M Joj:yfkg kIfaf6 kmfo/jfn gLltnfO{ :jLs[t k|bfg u/L To;nfO{ sfof{Gjogdf
NofO{g' kb{5 .

11
4.1.21 kmfo/jfn gLlt M sfof{nosf] ;"rgf k|ljlwsf] ef}lts k"jf{wf/ ;'/Iffsf nflu gLlt tyf ljlw :jLs[t
u/fO{ afXoaf6 sfof{nosf] 8f6fj]zdf k|j]z ug]{x?sf] nflu cfuGt's lqmofsnfk clen]vsf] Joj:yf
ul/g' kb{5 .
4.1.22 cg'udg : ;km\6j]o/sf] tYofÍdf /x]sf] tYofÍx?sf] lgoldt ?kdf k'g/fjnf]sg u/L cgfjZos
tYofÍx?nfO{ x6fpFb} n}hfg' kb{5 .
4.1.23 Jofsck gLlt : tYofÍ Jofscksf] k|lqmof /fd|f];Fu ;DkGg eP gePsf] hfFr ug{sf] nflu tYofÍ
Jofsck gLltsf] th{'df ul/ ;f]sf] k|efjsf/Lsf ;fy sfof{Gjog eP gePsf] k'g/fjnf]sg tyf
d"Nof+sg ug]{ ;+oGqsf] ljsf; u/L ;f]sf] clen]v /fVg' kb{5 .
4.1.24 t]>f]kIf M cfGtl/s sd{rf/Lx?sf] Ifdtf ljsf; ul/ t]>f]kIfdflysf] k/lge{/tf lgoGq0f ul/g' kb{5 .
4.1.25 O{G6/km]; : z'4 Pj+ ;'/lIft tYofÍ :yfGt/0fsf nflu ;'/lIft g]6js{ tyf lgb]{lzsf tof/ ul/
sfof{Gjog ul/g' kb{5 .
4.1.26 jftfj/0fLo k|lt/Iff M s]Gb|df /x]sf] k"jf{wf/af6 ;"rgf tyf tYofÍ ;'/lIft x'g] cfZj:ttf x'g]
clen]v /fVg' kb{5 .
4.1.27 ;]So'l/6L nU; M k|0ffnL ;~rfng ;DaGwdf ;]So"l/6L nU; gLltsf] th'{df u/L ;f]sf] sfof{Gjog
;DaGwdf lgoldt ?kdf ;]So"l/6L nU; cg'udg tyf ljZn]if0f u/L ;'/Iff r'gf}tLx? ;Dffwfg ul/g'
kb{5 .
4.1.28 ;DklQ clen]v M ;DklQ k|flKt ldlt, jf/]lG6 cjlw, pkof]u cjlw tyf :jfldTjsf] cj:yf cflbsf]
lj:t[t ljj/0f;lxt pkof]u u/]sf] :yfgsf] clen]v /flvg' kb{5 .
4.1.29 ;DklQ clen]v M tYofÍx? klxrfg ul/ pRr Joj:yfkgsf] :jLs[tLdf w'NofO{g'sf ;fy} k'/fgf
Nofk6k, 8]:s6k sDKo"6/ tyf cGo ;"rgf k|ljlw;Fu ;DalGwt ;fdfu|Lx?sf] lnnfd laqmL ubf{
xf8{l8:snfO{ l8;kf]hn u/]]/ dfq lnnfd laqmL ul/g' kb{5 .
4.1.30 Joj;fo lg/Gt/tf of]hgf / k|sf]k k'gM:yfkgf of]hgf : sfof{nosf] efjL r'gf}tLx?nfO{ Wofgdf /fvL
:jLs[t Joj;fo lg/Gt/tf of]hgf Pj+ k|sf]k k'gM:yfkgf of]hgf tof/ ul/ sfof{Gjog ul/g' kb{5 .
4.1.31 s:6'dfO{H8÷ aL:sf]k ;"rgf k|ljlw k|0ffnL : sfof{non] k|of]udf cfPsf] ;km\6j]o/ ;DaGwdf lgoldt
tyf ;dofg's'n k|of]u kZrft k'g/fjnf]sgsf] Joj:yf ug'{kb{5 .
4.1.32 pRr Joj:yfkg :jLs[tL : :jrfnLt clen]vfÍg k|0ffnL h8fg ug]{, lgwf{l/t ;dodf k'g/fjnf]sg
ug]{ tyf kl/dfh{g k'j{ pRr Joj:yfkgsf] :jLs[lt u/fpg] Joj:yf ldnfpg' kb{5 .
4.1.33 sfo{ ljefhg : sfof{non] ;km\6j]o/ k|0ffnLsf] tYofÍx?sf] ljsf;, kl/dfh{g, k/LIf0f, sfof{Gjog /
:yfGt/0f ug]{ sfo{ km/s km/s jfftfj/0fdf Jojl:yt u/]sf] x'g'kb{5 . ;fy} nfO{e ;e{/df eP u/]sf
sfdx?sf] ;'kl/j]If0f x'g] ;+oGqsf] Joj:yf ul/g' kb{5 .
4.1.34 pkof]ustf{ :jLs[lt kl/If0f : sfof{non] ljsf; tyf kl/dfh{g u/]sf] ;k\m6j]o/ k|0ffnLnfO{ k|of]udf
n}hfg' eGbf klxnf nfeu|fxLx?nfO{ pkof]udf ;xh x'g] jf ;d:of gcfpg] ;DaGwdf pkof]ustf{
:jLs[lt kl/If0f u/fpg] tyf clen]v /fVg' kb{5 .
4.1.35 kl/jt{g Joj:yfkg : sfof{nodf k|0ffnL k|flKt, Joj:yfkg kl/jt{g tyf k|0ffnLdf cfsl:ds
kl/dfh{g ubf{ gLlt tof/ ul/ ;f]xL cg';f/sf] k|lqmof cjnDjg ul/g' kb{5 .
4.1.36 ljZj;lgotf : xf8{j]o/ tyf ;k\m6j]o/ k|flKt ubf{ lglZrt cjlwsf] jf/]lG6 ;lxt nfut nfe
ljZn]if0f ul/Psf] x'g'kb{5 .

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4.1.37 k|of]u kZrft k'g/fjnf]sg : sfof{non] k|of]udf cfPsf] ;km\6j]o/sf]] k|of]u kZrft k'g/fjnf]sg ul/
b]lvPsf ;d:ofx? ;dfwfg ug]{ Joj:yf ug'{kb{5 .
4.1.38 a}Fs ;dfwfg M Psn vftf k|0ffnL ;k\m6j]o/ k|0ffnL cg';f/ :jrflnt Pj+ lgoldt ?kdf lx;fj
ldnfg ul/g' kb{5 .
4.1.39 sd{rf/Lx?sf] e'QmfgL M sfof{non] cfˆgf sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ e'QmfgL lbg'kg]{] tnj eQf /sd ;DjlGwt
sd{rf/Lsf] j}+s vftfdf l;w} hDdf ug]{ Joj:yf ul/g' kb{5 .
4.1.40 /]vflÍt r]s M sf]if tyf n]vf lgoGq0f sfof{noaf6 /]vflÍt r]s hf/L ul/g' kb{5 .
4.1.41 oyfy{ ;dosf] a}s df}Hbft : lgb]{lzssf] !)=!=@! jdf]lhd k|To]s dlxgfsf] % ut] leqdf ;/sf/L
sf/f]jf/ ug]{ a}+s;+u lx;fa ldnfg u/L clen]v cWofjlBs ug]{ Joj:yf ul/g' kb{5 .
4.1.42 lgb]{lzsf sfof{Gojg M lgb]{lzssf] !)=!=@# cg';f/ sf]if tyf n]vf lgoGqs sfof{non] g]kfn /fi6«
jF}snfO{ /sd hDdf ug{ lbPsf] cfb]zsf] Psk|lt b}lgs ?kdf dxfn]vf lgoGqs sfof{no sf]if
k|zf;g zfvfdf k7fpg] Joj:yf ul/g' kb{5 .
4.1.43 k|f]T;fxg k|0ffnL M lgb]{lzsfsf] !)=!=@# cg';f/ e'QfgL cfb]z adf]lhd lgsf;f ug]{, a}Fsaf6 vr{sf]
ljj/0f lng] / a}FsnfO}{ /sd zf]wegf{ ug]{ sfo{sf] nflu sfof{non lgb]{lzssf Joj:yf cjnDjg
ul/g' kb{5 .
4.1.44 w/f}6Lsf] df:s]jf/L M lgb]{lzssf] !)=@= cg';f/ sf]n]lgsfn] w/f}6Lsf] df:s]jf/L tof/ u/L
dlxgf e'Qmfg ePsf] ;ft lbgleq tyf lgb]{lzssf] !)=!=@$ cg';f/ sf]ifsf] cj:yfsf] dfl;s
ljj/0f dfl;s ?kdf dxfn]vf lgoGqs sfof{no sf]if k|zf;g zfvfdf Joj:yf ul/g' kb{5 .
4.2 lgisif{ M
Psn vftf sf]if k|0ffnL ;fj{hlgs If]qsf] ljQLo sf/f]jf/sf] ljQLo of]hgf, vr{ Joj:yfkg, gub
Joj:yfkgåf/f ldtJooL, k|efjsf/L tyf kf/blz{tf k|j4{g ug]{ pb]Zon] :yfkgf ul/Psf] xf] . sfof{non]
;"rgf k|ljlw lgb]{zs ;ldtLsf] k'gu{7g ul/ k|efjsf/L agfpg], ;"rgf k|ljlw zfvfsf] /0fg}lts of]hgf tyf
jflif{s of]hgf tof/ ul/ sfof{Gjog ug]{, ;"rgf k|ljlw ;km\6j]o/sf] ;'/Iff tyf ;+rfngsfnflusf] nflu
cfjZos gLltsf] th{'df tyf sfof{Gjog ul/ ;"rgf k|ljlw;+u ;DalGwt sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ lhDd]jf/ Pj+
hjfkmb]xL agfpg], k|0ffnLsf hf]lvd d"Nof+sg u/L ;'/lIft tj/n] ;+rfng ug]{, Psn vftf sf]if k|0ffnL
;+rfng lgb]{lzsfsf] k"0f{ kfngf ug]{ nufotsf sfo{ u/L k|0ffnL ;+rfngsf p2]Zo k|flKtdf Wofg lbg'kg]{
b]lvG5 .

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