Vn 1: Cu hnh elelctron - tr nguyn t cc nguyn t - tnh cht ca nguyn t. V d 1: Cho k hiu nguyn t cc nguyn t: a.

.Xc nh v tr ca chng trong bng HTTH b.Nu tnh cht ca nguyn t cc nguyn t sau c.Xc nh cc loi ht trong nguyn t v ion tng ng ca chng V d 2: Mt nguyn t nm chu k 3, v c 5electron lp ngoi cng. Xc nh cu hnh ca nguyn t trn V d 4: Cu hnh ion X2- l :1s22s22p6. Xc nh v tr ca nguyn t nguyn t X trong bng tun hon V d 5: mt ion M2+ c cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng l :3s23p6. Xc nh v tr ca M trong bng HTTH V d 6: Mt nguyn t c cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng l : 4s1. Xc nh cu hnh c th c ca nguyn t trn, t suy ra v tr ca chng trong bng tun hon V d 7: mt ion dng c cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng l: 2s22p6. Hi c bao nhiu trng hp c cu hnh nguyn t tha mn. V d 8: mt ion m c cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng l 2s22p6. Xc nh cu hnh electron cc nguyn t tha mn V d 9: mt ion R2+ c tng s ht c bn l 36. Xc nh v tr ca R trong bng tun hon V d 10: Nguyn t ca mt nguyn t X c xu hng to thnh ion X-. Trong ion X-, c tng s ht l: 29. Xc nh v tr ca X trong BHTTH V d 11: mt nguyn t c 4 lp electron, v c 5 electron ha tr. Xc nh v tr ca nguyn t trn trong bng HTTH V d 12: mt nguyn t c 7 electron ha tr, trong lp ngoi cng l lp th 4. Xc nh v tr ca nguyn t trong bng HTTH Vn 2: Xc inh cc hp cht oxit v hidroxit tng ng V d 1: cho cc nguyn t sau:
39 19 37 25 27 31 30 34 K ; 17 Cl ; 12 Mg ; 13 Al ; 15 P;14 Si; 14 7 N ; 16 S 39 19 37 25 27 31 30 34 K ; 17 Cl ; 12 Mg ; 13 Al ; 15 P;14 Si; 14 7 N ; 16 S

Xc nh cc hp cht oxit, hp cht kh vi hidro v hp cht hidroxit( nu c)? Gii thch. V d 2: Tng s ht trong nguyn t nguyn t X l 46. Trong nguyn t trn, s ht mang in nhiu hn ht khng mang in l 14. a.Xc nh k hiu nguyn t b.Xc nh cc hp cht tng ng ca X V d 3: hp cht kh hidro ca mt nguyn t nguyn t X l XH3. Xc nh hp cht oxit cao nht ca X vi oxi. T nu tnh cht ca X. V d 4: Hp cht oxit cao nht ca M l MO2. Xc nh hp cht kh vi hidro ca M. V d 5: X l mt phi kim c in tch ht nhn l +2,72.10-19C. Xc nh nguyn t trn v cc hp cht tng ng ca chng( hp cht oxit, hp cht kh vi Hiro, hp cht hidroxit) V d 6: nguyn t ca mt nguyn t X c in tch lp v l 3,2.10-18C. Xc nh nguyn t trn v cc hp cht tng ng ca chng( hp cht oxit, hp cht kh vi Hiro, hp cht hidroxit)

Vn 3: S to thnh ion V d 1: Cho nguyn t cc nguyn t sau: 8O, 9F, 19K, 20Ca. Nu tnh cht ca nguyn t cc nguyn t trn V d 2: Nguyn t mt nguyn t X thuc nhm VIIA, nguyn t nguyn t M thuc nhm IIIA. Xc nh tnh cht ca nguyn t cc nguyn t trn. V d 3: Mt ion c in tch ht nhn l +1,92.10-18C. Xc nh ion trn. V d 4: R to thnh ion c dng R2+. Tng s ht trong ion ca R l 60. Trong nguyn t R, s ht mang in gp 1,82 ln s vi ht khng mang in. Xc nh ion trn V d 5: cho bit
34 16 27 S ; 13 Al . Xc nh cc loi ht c bn trong S2- v Al3+

V d 6: Nguyn t nguyn t X to thnh ion c dng X-. Tng s ht trong nguyn t X l 114 ht. Trong ion X-, s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 27. Xc nh ion trn v k hiu nguyn t. V d 8: Tng s ht trong mt ion Rn- l 53. Tng s ht trong nguyn t R l 52. Trong ht nhn ion trn, s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 1. Xc nh ion trn v k hiu nguyn t R V d 9: mt ion R3+ c cu hnh elelctron lp ngoi cng l 2s22p6. Xc nh v tr ca R trong bng tun hon V d 10: mt ion X2- c cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng l 2s22p6. Xc nh v tr ca X trong bng tun hon. Vn 4: So snh, sp xp tnh cht nguyn t cc nguyn t. V d 1: Cho nguyn t cc nguyn t sau: 14Si, 7N, 9F v 6C. Sp xp theo chiu tng dn tnh phi kim ca nguyn t cc nguyn t trn V d 2:Cho cc nguyn t:
11

Na; 13Al v 19K. Sp xp theo chiu gim dn tnh kim loi

V d 3: Cho nguyn t cc nguyn t: 12Mg; 14Si; 15P v 7N. Sp xp theo chiu tng dn bn knh nguyn t. V d 4: Cho nguyn t cc nguyn t sau: 3Li, 4Be v 11Na. Sp xp theo chiu gim dn m din ca cc nguyn t. V d 5: cho nguyn t cc nguyn t: tng ng ca cc nguyn t trn V d 6:cho nguyn t cc nguyn t: 11Na, 20Ca v 12Mg. Sp xp tnh bazo ca oxit v hidroxit tng ng ca chng theo chiu tng dn V d 7: So snh tnh kim loi ca 19K v 12Mg V d 8: So snh tnh phi kim ca 7N, 9F v 16S V d 9:Cho cc nguyn t cc nguyn t sau y: 8O, 9F v 7N a.Xc nh xu hng ca cc nguyn t trn khi tham gia lien kt ha hc b.sp xp theo chiu tng dn bn knh nguyn t ca cc ion tng ng V d 10: cho nguyn t cc nguyn t sau: 12Mg, 13Al v 11Na. a.vit qu trnh to thnh ion ca cc nguyn t nguyn t trn b.So snh bn knh cc ion trn
14

Si, 16S v 17S. Sp xp theo chiu tng dn tnh axit ca oxit v hidroxit

Vn 5: Hp cht kh hidro, hp cht oxit cao nht v hp cht hidroxit Ch : Ha tr ca nguyn t trong hp cht oxit cao nht = s th t nhm Ha tr ca nguyn t trong hp cht kh vi H = 8 s TT nhm A Ha tr cao nht trong hp cht oxit + ha tr nguyn t trong hp cht kh vi H = 8 Hp cht kh vi H ch c i vi cc nguyn t nhm IVA VIIA V d 1: Xc nh hp cht kh hidro, hp cht oxit cao nht v hp cht hidroxit ca nguyn t nguyn t sau:
20

Ca, 14Si, 7N, 35Br v 19K, 16S, 13Al

V d 2: Nguyn t ca mt nguyn t c 2 electron lp ngoi cng v l nguyn t s. Xc nh cc hp cht oxit, hp cht kh vi hidro, v hp cht hidroxit ca nguyn t nguyn t trn. V d 3: mt nguyn t nguyn t X thuc chu k 3, v lp ngoi cng c 5 electron. Xc nh cc hp cht: oxit cao nht, hp cht kh vi hidro v hp cht hidro xit. V d 4: Cho hp cht oxit cao nht ca nguyn t A l A 2O5, trong hp cht kh vi hidro, X chim

82,35%. Xc nh nguyn t v cc hp cht trn V d 5 Hp cht kh vi hidro l XH4, trong hp cht oxit cao nht, X chim 46,67% v khi lng. Xc nh nguyn t v cc hp cht trn V d 6: mt nguyn t to vi H hp cht c dng HR. Trong hp cht oxit cao nht, c 58,82% v khi lng ca R. Xc nh nguyn t trn
V d 7: mt nguyn t c dng hp cht oxit cao nht l RO3. Trong hp cht kh vi H, c 5,88% khi lng ca hidro. Xc nh cc hp cht ca R( hp cht oxit cao nht, hp cht kh vi hidro v hp cht hdroxit) V d 8: Mt nguyn t nm nhm IIIA. Trong hp cht oxit cao nht, oxi chim 47,06%. Xc nh

tn nguyn t trn. V d 9: mt nguyn t c 5electron lp ngoi cng v l nguyn t p. Trong hp cht oxit cao nht, oxi chim 34,78%. Xc nh phn trm nguyn t trn trong hp cht kh vi hidro. V d 10: Mt nguyn t c cu hnh lp ngoi cng nh sau:ns2np5. Trong hp cht kh vi hidro, hidro chim 2,74%. Tnh phn trm ca oxi trong hp cht oxit cao nht ca nguyn t trn? V d 11: Mt hp cht oxit cao nht l R2O5, trong hp cht trn t l khi lng ca oxi v R tng ng l 80:7. a. Xc nh phn trm ca R trong hp cht kh vi hidro b. Tnh t l v khi lng ca hidro so vi R V d 12: Mt hp cht kh vi H l BH4, trong hp cht oxit cao nht, t l khi lng ca B vi oxi tng ng l 3:1. Xc inh phn trm ca B trong hp cht kh vi hidro Xc nh t l khi lng ca B so vi hidro V d 13: Bit rng ha tr cao nht ca nguyn t R gp 3 ln ha tr ca R trong hp cht kh vi

hidro. Trong hp cht oxit cao nht c 60% l khi lng ca oxi. Xc nh tn nguyn t trn V d 14: bit rng ha tr cao nht ca X bng ha tr ca X trong hp cht kh vi H. trong hp cht kh vi H, t l khi lng ca X so vi H l 7:1. Xc nh tn nguyn t trn v t l phn trm ca X so vi Oxi trong hp cht oxit cao nht.
Vn 6: xc nh tn nguyn t da vo s hiu nguyn t

Cho hai nguyn t nguyn t A v B( ZA > ZB) Hai nguyn t cng thuc mt chu k v hai nhm A lin tip nhau: ZA - ZB = 1 Hai nguyn t cng thuc mt nhm A v hai chu k lin tip nhau th c hai trng hp: TH 1: ZA ZB = 8 v TH2: ZA ZB = 18 Nu cung mt nhm A v hai chu k nh lin tip nhau th ri vo trng hp 1 Nu cng mt nhm A v hai chu k ln th ri vo trng hp 2
V d 1 A v B l hai nguyn t thuc cng mt nhm A v hai chu k nh lin tip trong h thng tun hon. Tng s proton ca chng l 32. Xc nh s hiu nguyn t v vit cu hnh electron ca A, B. So snh tnh bazo ca hai hidroxit tng ng V d 2 A v B l hai nguyn t thuc cng nhm A v hai chu k lin tip trong h thng tun hon. Tng s in tch ht nhn ca chng l 24. Tm s hiu nguyn t v vit cu hnh electron ca A, B. V d 3 A v B l hai nguyn t ng k tip nhau mt chu k trong h thng tun hon. Tng s proton ca chng l 25. Xc nh s hiu nguyn t v vit cu hnh electron ca A, B. So snh tnh bazo ca hai oxit tng ng ca chng V d 4 A v B l hai nguyn t hai nhm A lin tip nhau trong h thng tun hon. Tng s hiu nguyn t ca chng l 31. Xc nh v tr v vit cu hnh electron ca A, B. Xc nh cc hp cht tng ng ca chng So snh tinh axit ca hai hidroxit tng ng
V d 5 Av B l hai nguyn t cng nm trong cng mt phn nhm chnh v c tng s proton trong ht nhn nguyn t l 16. Hy lp lun xc nh v tr A, B trong bng tun hon

Vn 7: xc nh tn kim loi hai chu k lin tip

Bi 1 Ha tan 20,2 (g) hn hp 2 kim loi nm hai chu k lin tip thuc phn nhm chnh nhm I vo nc thu c 6,72 (l) kh (kc) v dung dch A. a) Tm tn hai kim loi. b) Tnh th tch dung dch H2SO4 (M) cn dng trung ha dung dch A Bi 2 : cho 2 nguyn t kim loi hai chu k lin tip v u thuc phn nhm chnh nhm IIA ca bng tun hon. Bit rng 4,4 gam hn hp hai kim loi ny tc dng vi dung dch HCl d th thu c 3,36 lt kh H2 ktc. Xc nh tn hai kim loi Bi 3 Ha tan hon ton 17 gam hn hp hai kim loi kim A, B thuc hai chu k lin tip nhau vo nc c 6,72 lt kh ktc. Xc nh tn hai kim loi kim v thnh phn % v khi lng ca mi kim loi trong hn hp Bi 3 Ha tan hon ton 20 gam hn hp hai kim loi kim th A, B thuc hai chu k lin tip vo dung dch HCl d thu c 15,68 lt k ktc. Xc nh tn hai kim loi kim th v thnh phn % v khi lng ca mi kim loi trong hn hp Bi 4 Ha tan 2,84gam hn hp hai mui cacbonat ca hai kim loi kim th thuc 2 chu k lin tip tc dng vi dung dch HCl d thu c dung dch A v kh B. C cn dung dch A thu c 3,17g mui khan.
a. b. Tnh th tch kh B ktc? Xc nh tn hai kim loi

Bi 6 Ha tan hon ton 20 gam hn hp hai kim loi kim th A, B thuc hai chu k lin tip vo dung dch HCl d thu c 15,68 lt k ktc. Xc nh tn hai kim loi kim th v thnh phn % v khi lng ca mi kim loi trong hn hp Bi 7 Ha tan hon ton 14,2g hai mui cacbonat ca hai kim loi A, B lin tip nhau trong nhm IIA bng lng va dung dch H2SO4. Sau phn ng thu c 3,36 lt kh ktc. Xc nh CTPT ca hai mui v % v k.l ca mi mui trong hn hp Bi 8 Cho 2 gam hn hp hai kim loi hai chu k lin tip v thuc phn nhm chnh nhm II tc dng ht vi dung dch H2SO4 10% ri c cn thu c 8,72 gam hn hp 2 mui khan.
a. b. Xc nh 2 kim loi? Tnh khi lng dung dch H2SO4 dng

Bi 10 A v B l nguyn t hai chu k lin tip v thuc cng 1 phn nhm chnh, B di A. Cho 8gam B tan hon ton trong 242,4g nc thu c 4,48 lt kh H2 ktc v dung dch M.
a. b. Xc nh A, B v vit cu hnh e ca hai nguyn t? Tnh C% ca dung dch M Bi 11 Ha tan ht 46 gam hn hp gm Ba v hai kim loi kim A, B thuc hai chu k k tip vo nc, thu c dung dch D v 11,2 lit kh o ktc. Nu thm 0,18 mol Na2SO4 vo dung dch D th dung dch sau phn ng vn cha kt ta ht bari. Nu thm 0,21 mol Na2SO4 vo dung dch D th dung dch sau phn ng cn d Na 2SO4. Xc nh tn hai kim loi kim.

Bi 13 R l kim loi ha tr II. em ha tan 2 gam oxit ca kim loi ny vo 48 gam dung dch H 2SO4 6,125% long thu c dung dch A trong nng H2SO4 ch cn 0,98%. 1. Vit phng trnh ha hc v xc nh R. Bit RSO 4 l mui tan

Bi 14:Cho 24,8g hn hp gm kim loi M thuc nhm IIA v oxit ca n tc dng vi dd HCl d sau phn ng thu c 55,5 gam mui khan.Xc nh kim loi M. Bi 15 Cho 1,8 gam kim loi nhm IIA tc dng vi dung dch HCl d th sau mt thi gian th tch kh thot ra vt qu 3,36 lit(kc) .Xc nh kim loi Bi 16 Cho mt lng mui barihalogenua tc dng vi mt lng va dd H2SO4 5% th sau phn ng thu c mt dung dch axit c nng 3,77%.Xc nh tn ca halogen. Bi 17 Cho mt lng mui cacbonat trung ha ca kim loi kim tc dng va vi dung dch HCl 10% th sau phn ng thu c dung dch mui c nng 14,77%. Xc nh cng thc ha hc ca mui cacbonat Bi 18 Cho mt lng oxit cao nht ca nguyn t R thuc nhm IVA tc dng va vi NaOH 8% th sau phn ng thu c dung dch mui trung ha c nng 10,15% .Xc nh nguyn t R Bi 19 cho 1 lng oxit kim loi nhm IIA tc dng va vi dd HCl 10% th sau phn ng ta thu c dung dch mui c nng 12,34 %.Xc nh cng thc ca oxit kim loi.. Bi 20 Cho 4 g oxit ca mt kim loi thuc nhm IIA tc dng va vi 200ml dd halogenhidric c nng 1M th thu c 9,5 gam mui khan..Xc nh tn kim loi v halogen. Bi 21 Cho mt dd cha 22g hn hp mui natri ca 2 halogen hai chu k lin tip tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3 d th thu c 47,5 gam kt ta. a/Xc nh tn mi halogen. b/Tnh khi lng mi mui trong hn hp u bi 23 Cho 8,8 g hn hp hai kim loi nhm IIA hai chu k lin tip nhau vo dd HCl d th sau phn ng khi lng dd axit tng ln 8,2g.Xc nh tn mi kim loi
bi 23 Cho 8,13gam hn hp gm hai kim loi kim hai chu k lin tip nhau cho vo dung dch HCl d th ta thu c 17,715gam mui. Xc nh tn hai kim loi trn v phn trm v khi lng ca chng bi 24 Ly 41,5gam hai hydroxit ca hai kim loi kim th lin tip nhau trong bng HTTH cho tc dng hon ton vi dung dch H2SO4 d th thu c 60,1gam mui. Xc nh tn hai kim loi trn v phn trm ca chng. Bi 25Ly 6 gam mt kim loi cha bit ha tr cho tc dng hon ton vi dung dch H2SO4 d th ta thu c 30gam mui. Xc nh tn kim loi em dng Bi 26 Ly 13,44g mt hydroxit ca mt kim loi cha bit ha tr cho tc dng hon ton vi 120ml dung dch H2SO4 1M. Xc nh CTPT ca hidroxit em dng

Bi 27 Ly 14,5gam mt hidroxit ca mt kim loi cha bit ha tr cho tc dng hon ton vi dung dch HCl d th thu c dung dch X. C cn dung dch X th ta thu c 23,75gam mui. Xc nh cng thc phn t ca hidroxit trn Bi 28 Ly 3,84gam mt kim loi ha tr khng i cho tc dng hon ton vi 100gam dung dch HCl d th thu c dung dch X c khi lng l 103,52gam. Xc nh tn kim loi em dng. 1. Cho hn hp 7,1 KL kim X v kim th Y vo axit HCl long, thu c 5,6lit kh hidro tm X v Y. 2. Ha tan hon ton 2,45g hn hp X gm 2 KL kim th vo 200ml dd HCl 1,25M, thu c dd Y cha cc cht c nng mol bng nhau, tm 2 KL trong X. 3. X l KL thuc nhm IIA. Cho 1,7 g hn hp gm 2 KL X v Zn td vi lng d dd HCl, sinh ra 0,672lit khi Hidro. Mat khac ci 1,9g X td voi luong du H2SO4 thi the tich khi Hidro sinh ra chua den 1,12lit. Tim KL X 4. Cho 24,8 hn hp gm KL M v oxit ca n tc dng vi dd HCl d, sau phn ng thu c 55,5 g mui khan. Xc nh M