G Joj:yfkg / zflGt df gd'gf z{df

zAb ;+of]hg jif{ &, c+s (, k'0ff{s+ *), @)^& k'if, sf7df8f}, k|sfzs M ;flxTo ;GWof
cltGb| bxfn

G, G Joj:yfkg / zflGt jt{dfg /fhgLltsf] dWo s]Gb|ljGb'df /x]sf cToGt} rlr{t ljifo / zJbfjfnL x'g\ . /fi6
/ cGt/fli6o :t/sf] ;Dk"0f{ /fhgLlt log} ljifoj:t'sf] ;]/f]k]m/f]df 3'd]sf] 5 . lgtfGt Pp6f JolQmb]lv j[xt ljZj
klg km/skm/s ?kdf s'g} g s'g} k|sl[ tsf] G / kL8fdf km;]sf] x'G5 . czflGt, kL8f, k|ToIf jf ck|ToIf G /
r/d lj>fGtLn] ;dfhsf] ;'Idb]lv j[xt tx;Dd c;/ kf/]sf] x'G5 . JolQmut / ;fd'lxs jf ;fdflhs hLjg rof{df
x'g] k|ToIf ptf/ r9fj cf/f]x cj/f]w / ljeflht lj>[\vntfsf] k5fl8 pgLx? h]lnPsf] G / o'4sf] e"ldsf lgs}
lglj{jfb ?kdf kfOG5 . To;}u/L cGt/f{li6ohut klg ljleGg df]8sf zq'tf kL8f, cljZjf; / r'SnLjfhLsf
b[Zox?n] ubf{ cft+lst, c;'/lIft / ql;t 5 . o:tf] kl/l:yltdf cGt/f{li6o ;d'bfo, ;dfhsf tx / ;+/rgf clg
;/sf/x?;d]t G Joj:yfkg / zflGt :yfkgfsf nflu cxf]/fq vl6/fv]sf 5g\ . ;+;f/nfO{ zfGt, ;'/lIft / cfTdLo
Pj+ hLjg lk|o :j:y jgfpg ;Sg' g} cfhsf] k|d'v r'gf}tL xf] . oBkL ;+;f/nfO{ zflGt If]q agfpg ul/Psf w]/}
k|of; cy{/lxt l;l4Psf 5g\ .
/fhgLlts / k|zf;lgs tj/af6 ul/g] k|of;x?sf] cnfjf ;flxTo, ;|i6f / ;h{sx?n] ;d]t zflGt :yfkgfdf pko'tm
/ cAanl;4 pkfox? k|ltkfbg u/L k|;+;gLo ky k|bz{g ug'e
{ Psf] 5 . cGo ;a} k|of;x?sf] ;fy{stf / ;fGble{stf
Tolt uxg / b"/ufdL gb]lvP klg, ;dsfnLg g]kfnL ;flxTosf/ gd'gf zdf{sf] e/v/} k|sflzt s[lt pGd'lQmsf
kfOnfx? eg] G Joj:yfkg / zflGt :yfkgfdf 7f]; of]ubfg lbg ;Sg] s]xL ljz]if k|lqmofx? / ;"qx?;lxt ;+u|lxt
ePsf] b]lvG5 . G / o;sf sf/0fx? Pjd\ o;sf ;dfwfgsf nflu lng'kg]{ 7f]; k|lqmofx?nfO{ ;flxTo / ;flxlTos
lj:n]if0fsf] tj/af6 phfu/ ug{ ;kmn x'ge
' Psf] 5 . gd'gf zdf{sf] ;flxTon] af]s]sf s]xL ;}4flGts dd{ / pxfFn]
k|of]u ug{'ePsf] k4ltx?nfO{ Jofjxfl/s lx;fan] nfu" ul/Pdf ;+;f/e/ rls{Psf] GnfO{ Go"gLs/0f ug{ / o;af6
x'g] ljs/fn dfgjLo Iflt clg cGo Ifltx?nfO{ /f]syfd ug{ ;lsG5 . ;x cl:tTjd"ns, ;xflb{s, ldqjt
;fdflhs l:yltsf] sNkgfnfO{ zdf{n] cfgf] sljtf ;+u|xdf ptfg'e
{ Psf] 5 . zflGt Joj:yfkg ug{ cfjZos gLltsf]
?kdf cfgf] l;4fGt k|:t't ub}{ Lederach n] eGg' ePsf] 5: Transformation includes, but it is
beyond by, the contributions and approaches proposed by resolution based language. It
goes beyond a process focused on the resolution of particular problem or episode of
conflict to seek epicenter of conflict (31). To;}u/L zdf{hLn] klg Gsf] jf:tljs h8nfO{ p7fg ug{
;Sg'ePsf] 5 . ;+;f/el/ ljZjf; 5/L ;+s6 d]6fp -!(_ n] cljZjf;sf sf/0f G / o'4 a9\g] / cljZjf; d]6fpg
;s] zflGt :yfkgf / ;Da[l4df 7f]; of]ubfg k'Ug] kIf hf]8bf/ k|:t't ePsf] 5 . g]kfndf G rs{g'sf] Pp6f d'Vo
sf/0f dflg;x?n] cfkm"nfO{ cToGt} ;fgf] klxrfgsf] 3]/fleq /fVg' klg xf] . ;+sL0f{tfsf] ;f]rn] el/Psf] kl/lwleq
cfkm"nfO{ JofVof u/L To;;Fu gldNg] jf km/s x'g] ;a}nfO{ k/fO{ b]Vg' Pp6f 7"nf] ;d:of ag]sf] 5 . dw];Ln]
cfkm"nfO{ dw];Ldfq} b]Vg' t/ cfkm" klg lxGb", g]kfnL cfo{g jf cGo ;dfgtf gb]Vg'n] kxf8 / dw];sf] ;DaGw
zq'tfk"0f{ ag]sf] xf] . o;/L k|To]sn] s'g} Pp6f dfq} ;'rsnfO{ cfgf] ;Dk"0f{ kl/ro agfO{ c?x?sf]

lj?4df jf lj/f]wdf cu|;/ ePkl5 jf ;fd"lxs / ;dfgfGt/ kl/roaf]ws oyfy{nfO{ la;{+bf G

;DefJo x'g] s'/f cjut u/fpFb} Sen n] eGg'ePsf] 5 : Those who support or facilitate
the transformational process therefore need to think about how to create
multiple forums for addressing identity (59). o:t} ;dfgfGt/ / ;xk/Lrfos kIfx?nfO{
;d]t zdf{n] cfgf] ;+u|xdf ;kmn tj/af6 ptfg{ ;kmn x'g'ePsf] 5 . cg]s hflt, cg]s wd{, ;+:s[lt ckf/x'F8f
/ sf}8f, afngleq x's]{sf] ;+;f/nf];f/, Ob, b;}+, ltxf/, rf8kj{ 5g\ w]/} eGb} ax'kIfLo kl/ros\f] 3]/f agfpg]
k|of;n] ;dfgfGt/tfsf] uf]nrqmleq ;a} kIf NofP G Go'gLs/0f ug{ ;xof]u x'g] ;+s]t pxfFn] ug'{ePsf] 5 .

;fDojfbsf c;dfgfGt/ k|0f]ostf{ sfn{ dfS;n] e]befjnfO{ ;fdflhs / juL{o Gsf] pkh dfGb} ju{/lxt ;dfh
lgdf{0f ePkl5sf] zflGtk"0f{ l:yltdf To:tf] e]befj gx'g] s'/f When, in course of development, class
distinctions have disappeared, and all production has been concentrated in the hands of
vast association of the whole nation[]we shall have an occasion in which free
development of each is the condition of free development of all (33) pNn]v u/]em}+ zdf{n]
klg dnfO{ e]befj 5}g v;|f / dl;gf -@(_ eGb} ;Eo, ;';+:s[t / zfGt ;dfhsf nflu cfgf] tTk/tf
b]vfpg'ePsf] 5 / e]befjnfO{ gc+ufNg] s'/f ug'e
{ Psf] 5 . h;af6 Gsf] ;Defljt k|:km'6g /f]lsg hfG5 .
lsgf/Ls/0fnfO{ cfhsf] k|d'v ;d:of / Gsf] r'/f] Pjd\ ;dfj];Ls/0fnfO{ o;sf] cr's cf}iflwsf] ?kdf ;Dk"0f{
kIfaf6 lz/f]w/ ul/Psf] a]nf ljleGg efiff, hfthfltsf zAb, 5Gb / no s] 5 t lg ufpFsf] va/ -$)_ Onfdsf]
lrofaf/L, el/ofsf] ef/L of] -*#_, e]/Lsf] lr;f]kfgL -*%_, aNn e]6 eof] -*(_ h:tf sljtfx?n] ;dfj];Ltfsf]
/fd|f] pbfx/0f k|:t't ug'{ePsf] 5 . Go"gtd dfgjclwsf/ / dfgjLo d"NodfGotfsf] ;dfhsf] ;a}eGbf ljlzi7 kIf /
o;df ePsf] u8a9Ln] G phfu/ / lj:kmf]6s x'g] l;4fGt;lxt Schirch n] eGg'ePsf] 5 ls What will
peace building accomplish? In general values meeting human needs and protecting
human rights (13), To; ljifok|ltsf] uDeLo{tf dgg\ ub}{ zdf{n] h;sf] hf]t p;sf] kf]t oxL xfd|f]
dGqoxL dGqleq aNn afFR5 u0ftGq . sfd ug]{ xfd|f] xftdf rflxof] clwsf/, x'gk' 5{ Gofo lg;fkm ;anfO{
a/fa/ -%(_ eGb} dfgjclwsf/k|lt ;dod} ;a}nfO{ ;r]t u/fpg'ePsf] 5 . ;dosf] dfucg';f/ ;a} dfgjsf
:jLsfo{ dfu / clwsf/x?sf] ;'of]lht Joj:yfkg ul/P Gsf] sxfnLnfUbf] l:ylt 6/]/ hfG5 .
zdf{n] k"j{ klZrd pQ/blIf0f, kxf8 clg t/fO{ xfdL ;a} Pp6} g} xf] sf]xL 5}g k/fO{ -&!_ eGb} ;xcl:tTj /
eft[Tjsf nflu klg ;r]t agfpg'ePsf]n] ;d]t G lg?k0f ug{ 7f]; of]ubfg k'Ug] b]lvG5 . cg]stfleq Pstf b]Vg]
pxfFsf] ljrf/ lxGb", af}4, O:nfd ;a} xfdL xf} g]kfnL, Pstfdf c3L a9\5f}+ Pp6} :j/ prfnL -&%_ nfO{ Jojxf/df
kl/jt{g ug{ ;s] lgM;Gb]x zflGt / ;bfrf/ ;'b[9 x'G5 .
o;/L zdf{n] cfgf] s[ltdf G / o;;Fu ;DalGwt kIfx? h:t} o;sf sf/0f / lg?k0f ug{ of]ubfg lbg ;Sg]
ljrf/ Jojxf/nfO{ ;flxTodfkm{t\ cufl8 ;fg'{ePsf]n] pxfFsf] sljtf ;+u|x pGd'ltsf kfOnfx? G lg?k0f u/L zflGt
:yfkgf ug]{ sfo{df 7f]; of]ubfg lbg] ky k|bz{ssf] ?kdf /x]sf] 5 .
Works Cited:
Lederach, John Paul. The Little Book of Conflict Transformation. Good Books, 2003
Marx, Karl. The Communist Manifesto: Essay on creation of Knowledge. Ed.
Shreedhar P. Lohani, Rameswhor Adhikari, Abhi Subedi. Kathmandu: Ratna Pustak,
1996. P+20-33.
Schirch, Lisa. The Little Book of Strategic Peace Building. Good books, 2004
Sen, Amartya. Identity and violence. Cambridge: Massachusetts, 2005.
Sharma, Namuna. Unmuktika Pailaaharu Nepal; Janasahitya Manch, 2067