gkfn ;8s ;'/Iff sfo{ofhgf

g]k fn ;/sf/
ef}lts of]hgf, lgdf{0f tyf oftfoft Joj:Yff dGqfno
g]k fn ;8s–;'/Iff sfo{of]h gf

;g\ @)!#–@)@) -lj=;+= @)^(–@)&&_
df3 @)^( –;'

g]kfn ;8s–;'/Iff sfo{of]hgf -@)^( –@)&& _ @)^(
ljifo;"rL
1 k[i7e"d L ___________________________________________________________________ 1
2 g]kfnsf] ;8s ;~hfn / ;jf/L ;fwg ;+V of _____________________________________________ 1
3 g]kfndf ;8s ;'/Iffsf] cj:yf _____________________________________________________ 3
4 g]kfnL ;8sx?df ;8s–;'/Iffsf d'2 fx? _______________________________________________ 7
5 ;dGjosf k|o f;x? ____________________________________________________________ 8
6 ;8s–;'/Iff /0fgLlt ____________________________________________________________ 8
6.1 /fli6«o ;8s–;'/ Iff kl/ifbsf] Kf|f/lDes ;+/rgf _________________________________________________ 9
6.2 sfo{–of]hgf sfof{Gjosf] Kf|ltkmn, hf]lvdx? __________________________________________________ 11
7 ;8s ;'/Iff sfo{ of]h gf ________________________________________________________ 19
7.1 :tDe !M ;8s ;'/Iff Joj:yfkg sf] nfuL lqmofsnfkM __________________________________________ 19
7.2 :tDe @M ;'/lIft ;8s tyf cfudg (Safer Road and Mobility) sf] nfuL lqmofsnfk ______________ 26
7.3 :tDe #M ;'/lIft ;jf/Lx? (Safer Vehicle) sf] nfuL lqm|ofsnfk _______________________________ 34
7.4 :tDe $M ;'/lIft ;8s k|of]u stf{x? (Safer Road-Users) sf] nfuL lqmofsnfk ____________________ 40
7.5 :tDe %M b'3{6gf kZrft p4f/df tbf?Stf (Post Crash Response) sf] nfuL lqmofsnfk ____________ 46
g]k fn ;/sf/, ef}lts of]hgf, lgdf{0f tyf oftfoft Joj:Yff dGqfno

s
;lDIfKt zAbx?sf] kl/efiff

P=lj=a}= – PlzofnL ljsf; j}s
c=d= – cy{ dGqfno
>=d= – >d dGqfno
sf=t=Gof=d= – sfg"g tyf Gofo dGqfno
Uff=lj=;= – ufp+m ljsf; ;ldlt
u[=d= – u[x dGqfno
lh=lj=;= – lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt
6«f=k|= – 6«flkms k|x/L
g=lj=e=lg=lj= – gu/ ljsf; tyf ejg lgdf{0f ljefu
g]=c=l8=;+ – g]kfn c6f]df]jfO{n l8n/ ;+3
g]=lr=;+= – g]kfn lrlsT;s ;+3
g]=u'=gf=lj== – g]kfn u'0f:t/ tyf gfktf}n ljefu
g]=/f=of=j=d= – g]kfn /fli6«o oftfoft Joj;foL dxf;+3
g]=/f=of=d=;+ – g]kfn /fli6«o oftfoft dhb/' ;+3
e=lj= – eG;f/ ljefu
ef}=of]=lg=of=Jo=d= – ef}lts of]hgf lgdf{0f tyf oftfoft Joj:yf dGqfno
of=Jo=lj= – oftfoft Joj:yf ljefu
/f=of]=cf= – /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]u
lj=a} = – ljZj a}s
lz=d= – lzIff dGqfno
;=lj= – ;8s ljefu
;=af]=g]= – ;8s af]8{ g]kfn
;=6«f=o'= – ;8s tyf 6«flkms o'lg6 -;8s ljefu_
;=6«f=b'= – ;8s 6«flkms b'3{6gf
:yf=k"=lj=s[=;=lj= – :yfgLo k"jf{wf/ ljsf; tyf s[lif ;8s ljefu
:jf=;]=lj= – :jf:Yo ;]jf ljefu
l;=l8=O{= – l;lgo/ l8lehgn O{lGhlgo/
:yf=lj=d= – :yflgo ljsf; dGqfno
:jf=t=h=d= – :jf:Yo tyf hg;+Vof dGqfno
g]k fn ;/sf/, ef}lts of]hgf, lgdf{0f tyf oftfoft Joj:Yff dGqfno

v
@)!! sf] d] dlxgfDff ljZjJofkL sfo{of]hgf

(Global Road-safety Action Plan) k|sflzt u¥of] .
1 k[i 7e"dL
;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3sf] pk/f]Qm ljZjJofkL
;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3sf] cg'dfgdf jif]{gL sl/a sfo{of]hgfn] ;b:o–/fi6«x+?nfO{ k|:tfljt ;g\
!# nfv dflg;x? jf lbgxF' #,))) eGbf a9L @)!!–@)@) sf] bzsnfO{ lgtfGt ;8s ;'/Iff
dflg;x? ;8s 6«flkms b'3{6gfsf -;=6«f=b'=_ sf/0f ;+u ;DalGwt lgDgfg';f/ :tDex? (pillar) nfO{
dg]{ u5{g\ . o;sf cltl/Qm @ b]lv % s/f]8 ;d]6L cf–cfˆgf] /fli6«o sfo{ of]hgf th'{df ug{
dflg;x? o:tf b'3{6gfx?sf] sf/0f 3fO{t] x'G5g\ / lgb]{zg u/]sf] 5 .
o:tf 3fOt]x? ckfË x'g] a9L ;Defjgf b]lvPsf] 5  ;8s–;'/Iff Joj:yfkg (Road safety
. o;sf cltl/Qm, ;=6«f=b'=af6 d[To' x'g]x? dWo] () Management)
k|ltzt ljZjsf] sd tyf dWo cfo ePsf  ;'/lIft ;8s Pj+ cfudg (Safer Road and
b]zx?df x'g] ub{5g\, hxf+ ljZje/sf ;jf/L Mobility)
;fwgx? dWo] cfwf eGbf sd dfq ;jf/L ;fwgx?  ;'/lIft ;jf/L ;fwgx? (Safer Vehicle)
5g\ .  ;'/lIft ;8s k|of]ustf{ (Safer Road users)
% b]lv $$ jif{ pd]/ ;d"xsf dflg;x?sf  ;8s b'3{6gf kZrft tbf?stf (Post Crash
nfuL ;=6«f=b'= csfn d[To'sf] d'Vo sf/0f xf]], Response)
h;sf] sf/0f ljZje/sf b]zx?n] 7"nf] cfly{s IftL o;sf cltl/Qm, o; ljZjJofkL sfo{
Joxf]g'{ k/]sf]] 5 . Pp6f cg'dfg cg';f/, oL of]hgfn] ;b:o /fi6«x?nfO{ cfk\mgf] sfo{ of]hgf
36gfx?sf] kmn:j?k ;+;f/e/ %) c/a cd]l/sL agfpbf ltgnfO{ If]qLo:t/df o:t} sfo{of]hgf;+u
8n/ cyjf ;DalGwt b]zx?sf] s'n /fli6«o klg tfnd]n x'g ;Sg] u/L th'{df ug{ l;kmfl/;
pTkfbgsf]] ! b]lv # k|ltzt ;Ddsf] cfly{s Iflt u/]sf] 5 . To;}n] of] b:tfj]h pk/f]Qm ljZjJofkL
;=6«f=b=af6 x'g] ub{5 h;nfO{ ljsf;f]Gd'v b]zx? sfo{of]hgfn] lgb{]zg u/] cg'?k g]kfnn] tof/
wfGg ;Sb}gg\ . o;sf cltl/Qm, ;+;f/df j9\bf] u/]sf] /fli6«o ;8s–;'/Iff sfo{of]hgfnfO{
;jf/L ;fwgsf] rfknfO{ dWogh/ ubf{ o:tf k|ltlglwTj ub{5 . of] sfo{of]hgfn] lgb]{zg u/]
r'gf}tLx?nfO{ Go'lgs/0f ug{ tTsfnLg, dWosfnLg cg'?k Plss[t ?kdf ;8s–;'/IffnfO{ ;'wf/ /
tyf lb3{sfnLg ?kdf kxn gx'g] xf] eg] ;8s Jojl:yt ug{sf] nfuL ;Dk"0f{ ;/f]sf/jfnfx?n]
b'3{6gf Dfflg;x?df d[To'sf] kfngf ug{ jfWosf/L x''g]5g\ . o;n] ;DaGwLt
sf/0fx? dWo] kf+rf} k|d'v sf/0f x'g] k|If]k0f lgsfox?nfO{ ;8s 6«flkms b'3{6gfjf6 x'g]
ul/Psf] 5 . pko'{Qm tYofÍnfO{ dWogh/ ub}{, rf]6k6s Pj+ To;af6 pTkGg x'g] cfly{s Iflt sd
;+;f/e/sf] ;8s–;'/Iff d'2fx?nfO{ plrt ?kdf ug{sf] nfuL ljljw lqmofsnfkx? th'{df u/]sf] 5 .
;'Nemfpg …;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo ;8s ;'/Iff ;xsfo{Ú o; k|sf/sf] /fli6«o sfo{of]hgf k|yd k6s th'{df
(United Nation Road Safety Collaboration) cyf{t ePsf]n] g]kfn ;/sf/n] o;nfO{ cfufdL lbgdf
UNRSC ;g\ @))$ sf] clk|n dlxgfdf u7g cfjZoQmfg'?k x]/km]/ / ;dofg's'n kl/jt{g
ePsf] lyof] . To;sf] nut} ljZjJofkL ?kdf ug]]{5 eGg] ck]Iff ul/Psf] 5 .
;8s–;'/Iffsf d'4fx? ;dfwfg ug{ ul7t ;+o'Qm
/fi6«;+3 cfof]]un] cfˆgf] ;g\ @))( sf] k|ltj]bgdf
;8s–;'/Iff sfo{nfO{ k|efjsf/L agfpg bzlso 2 g]k fnsf] ;8s ;~hfn / ;jf/L ;fwg
sfo{ of]hgfsf] nfuL cfXjfg u¥of] . of] k|:tfljt ;+V of
bzsLo sfo{ of]hgfsf] cjwf/0ffnfO{ UNRSC /
y'k|} ljZjk|l;4 JolQmTjx?n] cg'df]bg u/]sf 5g . g]kfnsf] /fhdfu{, ;xfos dfu{ / ;fdl/s
kmn:j?k, UNRSC n] ;8s–;'/Iffsf] nfuL dxTjsf zx/L ;8sx? ;lDdlnt ;fdl/s ;8s
k|:tfljt bzs -;g\ @)!!–@)@)_ sf] nfuL ;g\ ;~hfn, ;8s ljefu cGtu{t kb5{ . :yflgo
;8s ;~hfn eg] :yflgo lgsfo -lhNnf ljsf;
;ldtL, gu/kflnsf / ufp“ ljsf; ;ldtL_ cGtu{t
1 g]k fn ;/sf/, ef}lts of]hgf, lgdf{0f tyf oftfoft Joj:Yff dGqfno
kb{5 . o;df lhNnf, gu/ / u|fdL0f ;8sx? If]qdf j[xt ;fj{hlgs oftfoft ;'ljwfsf] cefj
kb{5g\ . ltgLx?sf] ;dGjo :yfgLo k"jf{wf/ ljsf; tyf j[4L x'b} uPsf] cy{tGqsf] c;/sf] ?kdf lng
tyf s[ifL ;8s ljefu (DoLIDAR) n] ub{5 . ;lsG5 .
tfnLsf ! n] g]kfnsf] ;8s ;~hfnsf] l:yltnfO{
bzf{p5 .
tflnsf 1: g]k fnsf] ;8s ;~hfn
;8s ;8s :t/ -ls=dL_ hDdf

;~hfn -ls=dL_
sfnf]kq] v08fl:dy df6]
;fdl/s $,(%@ @,)^% #,*!* !)=*#%

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@* % @&% $% % !)) %
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;d]t
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Ü Ü Ü !)) %
pknJw pknJw
pknJw
5}g 5}g
5}g
;|f]t M @)^^ ;fdl/s ;8s ;~hfnsf] tYofÍ, g]k fn ;/sf/, ;8s
ljefu
b\|6 Jo Mcflwsf/Ls tYofÍsf] cefjdf :yfgLo ;8s ;~hfn
cg'dfgLt dfq x'g\ .
tflnsf @ n] g]kfndf btf{ ePsf

;jf/L;fwgx?sf] ;+VofnfO{ b]vfp+b5 . o;af6
g]kfndf ljleGg ;jf/L ;fwgx?sf] jflif{s j[l4b/
( b]lv !&Ü -df]6/ ;fO{sndf !^Ü / cGo
;jf/Lx?df ;du|df !#Ü_ n] a[l4 ePsf] b]lvG5 .
oBkL g]kfndf k'/fgf sfd gnfUg] tyf lj:yflkt
ul/Psf ;jf/L;fwgx?sf] tYofÍ /fVg] rng 5}g .
xfn;fn}sf] jif{x?df g]kfndf df]6/;fO{sn nufot
xn'sf ;jf/L ;fwgx?sf] ;+Vofdf cTolws j[l4
ePsf] b]lvG5 . o;sf] d"Vo sf/0f eg]sf] zx/L

tflnsf 2: g]k fndf ;jf/L ;fwgx?sf] btf{
cf=j= a; ld gL DffOqmf] 6 «s ,qm]g , sf/, Df f njfx 6 ]D kf] Df f ]6 / 6 «f S6 /, cGo s"n hDd f

j; a; 6 «]n /, ofq'jfx s k f j/6]«n
;f Osn
P S;sfe]6/ s lhk lk sck / cf =j= sf ] xf n;Dd
^#– !,%^$ *)^ !#* #,@&* %,!%^ &#^ !@ &@,%^* @,($@ !,%#% **,&#% ^,@^,!&$
^$
^$– !,$!( !,!&( #! #,%($ $,&$! !,%** !* ^(,^^^ #,@(& @)^ *%,&#( &,!!(!#
^%
^%– !,*$# %(# !@* #,^$# ^,*%^ !,@*& @) *#,##$ $,^^# @)@ !,)@,%&) *,!$,$*#
^^
^^– !,*** &*) !$% $,%@$ !@,@^* !,(&% ( !,^*,&)& !!,$^) #! @,)!,&*& !),!^,@&)
^&
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^*
>f]t M g]k fn ;/sf/ oftfoft Joj:yf ljefu .
b'3{6gfx?df dfgljo IftL gePsf] t/ ;jf/L
;fwgdf dfq IftL ePsf] (damage-only
3 g]k fndf ;8s ;'/Iffsf] cj:yf accidents) cg'dfg ul/Psf] lyof] . g]kfnsf]
g]kfn k|x/Lsf] tYofÍ cg';f/ cfly{s jif{ cf=j= )^^.)^& df ;=6«f=b'=af6 d[To' ePsf]
@)^&.)^* Dff hDdf *,^%^ ;8s 6«flkms ;+VofnfO{ ;f]xL cjlwdf btf{ ePsf ;jf/L ;fwg
b'3{6gfx? eP h;df !,^*( d[To', $,)&! uDeL/ -!),!^,@&)_ ;+u t'ngf ubf{ g]kfndf x/]s
3fO{t] / (,!## ;fdfGo 3fO{t] eP . tfklg of] !),))) btf{ ;jf/L ;fwgx?df !& hgfsf] d[To'
tYofÍn] jf:tljs ef}lts IftLnfO{ k|ltlglwTj ePsf] b]lvof] h'g tYofÍ Pl;of / ljZjsf]
gug{ ;S5, lsgsL ljutsf] cWoogjf6 jf:tljs t'ngfdf g} ;aeGbf w]/} xf] . cem} k'/fgf, lj:yfkg
;=6«f=b'= x? eGbf sd clen]v /x]sf] b]lvG5, ul/Psf ;jf/L ;fwgx? P+j ;=6«f=b'= sf] clen]v
ljz]if u/L ;fdfGo 3fOt]sf] ;jfndf . o;/L 5'6 ePsf kIfx?nfO{ klg ;d]6\g] xf] eg\] jf:tjdf
clen]vdf 5'6 ePsf] kIfnfO{ dWogh/ ubf{ Pp6f g]kfndf x/]s !),))) btf{ ;jf/L ;fwgx?df
csf]{ cWoogn] cf=j= @)^^.)^& df jf:tjdf ;=6«f=b'= d[To'b/ !& eGbf j9L x'g] b]lvG5 .
!#,@$& ;=6«f=b'= ePsf] b]lvG5 h;df !,&#$ d[To',
$,!#) 3fOt] -uDeL/ tyf ;fdfGo_ ePsf] cg'dfg tflnsf # df g]kfnsf] ;=6«f=b'= sf] dfgljo
u/]sf] lyof] . ;fy} ;f]xL cjwLdf &,#*# j6f ;8s IftLnfO{ cGo b]zx?;+u t''ngf ul/Psf] 5 .

tfnLsf 3: ;8s 6«f lkms b'3{6gfjf6 x'g ] dfgljo IftL af/]] g]k fn ;lxtsf] If]qLo t'n gf
;=6 «f=b'= sf ] d f gljo I f tL ;=6 «f =b'= af 6 d f gljo I f tLsf ] b/x?
b]z sf ] lx;f an] I f ]q Lo:t/ lx;f an]

;jf/L btf{
b]z jif{
;+V of 3 f Ot] 3 f Ot]
d [T o' 3 f Ot] d [T o'b / k |l t d [T o'b / k |l t
/ d [T o's f ] / d [T o's f ]
!),))) !),)))
cg'k f t cg'k f t
;jf /Lx?d f ;jf /Ld f
g]k fn @))& ^,!&,#)% (^@ @,^%# !^ #M! !& %M!
ckmuflg:yfg @))& &,#!,^)& !,*#% #,@!@ @% @M! !& % M !
j+unfb]z @))^ !),%$,)%& #,!^) $,)#,))) #) !@* M ! !& % M !
e"6 fg @))& #%,&)# !!! &@$ #! &M ! !& % M !
ef/t @))^ &,@&,!*,))) !)%,&@% $,@%,(@@ !% $ M! !& % M !
dflNbE; @))& ##,*)& * – @ )M! !& %M!
Kffls:tfg @))& %@,*&,!%@ %,%^% !@,(() !! @M! !& %M!
>Ln+sf @))& #!,@$,&($ @,##$ #!,^** & !$ M ! !& %M!
rLg @))& !,%@,@*,(($ *(,$%% $,#!,!#( ^ %M! ^ %M!
Dfl/;; @))& #,#$,!@% !$) @,(!% $ @! M ! $ @! M !
dn]l;of @))& !^,*@,%!% ^s @*@ @!,#^# #& #M! !# @* M !
Dofgdf/ @))& !),$%,!)% !,^#* !@,#%* !^ *M ! !# @* M!
lkmlnlkG; @))^ %%,!%,%&^ !,!*% %,*&) @ %M! !# @* M!
l;+ufk'/ @))& *,%!,##^ @!$ !),#%@ # $* M ! !# @* M!
yfO{Nof08 @))& @,%^,!*,$!& !@,$(@ (,&#,!)* % &* M ! !# @* M!
;|f]t M ;8s–;'/Iffsf] ljZjJofkL l:ytLsf] k|ltj]bg(Global Status Report on Road-Safety ), ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3 ljZj :jf:Yo ;+u7g, h]g]ef,
:jLh/Nof08, ;g\ @))( .
tflnsf # n] s] b]vfpF5 eg] g]kfnsf] k|lt !),)))

btf{ ;jf/Ldf ;=6«f=b'= d[To'b/ blIf0f Pl;ofsf] cf};t
b/sf] xf/fxf/Ldf -!& hgf k|lt !),))) btf{ ;jf/L_
/x]tf klg blIf0f k"jL{ Pl;of / rLgsf] t'ngfdf w]/}
/x]sf] 5 . dfyLsf] tflnsfaf6 s] klg b]lvG5 eg]
g]kfn nufot blIf0f Plzofdf ;=6«f=b'= 3fOt]sf]
clen]v jf:tljs eGbf lgs} sd b]lvg] ub{5,
lsgeg] pk/f]Qm If]qdf ;=6«f=b'= sf] 3fOt] / d[To'sf]
cg'kft !)M! eGbf sd /x]sf]5 . ;du|df eGg' kbf{
ljutsf tYof+s cg';f/ ;=6«f=b'= af6 d[To' / 3fOt]
b'j}]sf] ;+Vof j9\bf] cj:yfdf 5 . tyfkL ;8s
b'3{6gfjf6 x'g] dfgjLo Ifltx? b]zsf ;j} If]qx?df
;dfg ?kn] 36]sf] b]lvb}g . g]kfndf b'3{6gfsf] b/ sf]
cflwsfl/s tYofÍsf] cefjdf tfnLsf $ df g]kfnsf]
;=6«f=b'= ;DjGwL If]qut tYof+s k|If]k0f ul/Psf] ljj/0f
b]vfO{Psf] 5 .
4 g]kfn ;/sf/, ef}lts of]hgf, lgdf{0f tyf oftfoft Joj:Yff dGqfno

Tfflnsf 4: g]k fnsf] ;=6«f=b'= tYofÍ, ljsf; If]qsf] cfwf/df

;8s b«f lk ms b'3 {6 gf b/
s'n ;jf /L k |l t
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hDd f %,%#@ !,*@,$%,@&( $,*@,$^$ *)* $,& (@ $ @^ !& ((
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k"j{f~rn $($ %%,#%,)(( %),!@$ !(! !,*$$ # ## #* #^*
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hDd f #,*($ !,*%,@%,#(( %,#&,$#( *!& ^,%)^ $ #% !% !@!
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k"j{f~rn $)^ %%,*#,*)* ^),(@# !^^ !,)#$ # !( @& !&)
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hDd f $,$$% !,**,!),()* ^,@^,!&$ (%# & ,*&( % $@ !% !@^
^$.^% sf7df08f}+ pkTosf @,@!! !,@,&,%&% #,&#,*$! !@) @,&&$ ( @!% # &$
k"j{f~rn &)$ %^,#@,($^ ^^,#^@ @#% !,#)$ $ @# #% !(^
+
dWodf~rn ^$* &),&$,#*( !,^*,$($ @$@ !,%*% # @@ !$ ($
klZrddf~rn ^@$ @#,)$,$$# &^,#!@ #$! !,$$) !% ^@ $% !*(
dWoklZrddf~rn #)@ !^,^$,!%^ !%,#!( !$^ ^!( ( #& (% $)$
;'b'/ klZrdf~rn !$* !!,*^,@&( !),%*^ $& !*^ $ !^ $$ !&^
hDd f $,^#& !,(,!,$(,&*& & ,!),(!$ !,!#! & ,()* ^ $! !^ !!!
^%.^^ sf7df08f}+ pkTosf @,&#% !#,#&,#!^ $,@#,(#! !#& #,!^* ( @)& # ^%
k"j{f~rn *$! ^),(&,!!% &%,)$@ @*) !,^#) $ @! #! !&$
+
dWodf~rn &^^ ^^,&^,&^# !,((,,*%! #^^ @,@$! $ @$ !@ &(
klZrddf~rn &^^ @$,*),@(% **,!$! #(^ @,)#( !$ %* #( !^#
dWoklZrddf~rn @(( !^,^$,@)# !%,*#( !!^ *)( ( #& (@ #(!
;'b'/ klZrdf~rn *@ !),*%,%$$ !),^*) ^! !&( $ !& $$ !&$
hDd f %,$*( !,(,#,$!,@#^ *,!#,$*$ !,#%^ !),)^^ & %@ !& !@$
^^.^& sf7df08f}+ pkTosf $,!)! !#,*(,,)!( %,)^,!#% !$^ #,*^% !! @&* # &^
;8s b«f lk ms b'3 {6 gf b/

s'n ;jf /L k |l t
;=6 «f=b'= ^ + k |l t !),)))
cf=j= I f]q hg;+V of btf { ;+V of d f gljo I f tL !,)),)))
;+V of btf { ;jf /Ld f
hg;+V of d f
d [T o' 3 f Ot] d [T o' 3 fO{t] d [T o' 3 f Ot]
k"j{f~rn !,@#@ %&,#@,%@@ !,)^,%^# #^^ @,##& ^ $! #$ @!(
+
dWodf~rn &(^ &#,$%,&^( @,$),*(& $*! @,)*( & @* @) *&
klZrddf~rn &() @#,$),((& !,@$,$)^ $%@ @,!$# !( (@ #^ !&@
dWoklZrddf~rn $)@ !&,@@,%&@ @@,%^@ @!! *#^ !@ $( ($ #&!
;'b'/ klZrdf~rn !!$ !@,@!,*($ !$,&)* &* @$# ^ @) %# !^%
hDd f & ,$#% !,(,&,%@,&&# !),!%,@&! !,& #$ !!,%!# ( %* !& !!#
>f]tM6«flkms k|x/L / oftfot Joj:yf ljefujf6 k|sflzt tYof+ssf] cfwf/df k/fdz{bftfsf] ljZn]if0f .
^
g]k fn ;/sf/, s]lb|o tYofÍ ljefusf] ;g\ @))! b]lv @)!! sf] u0fgfsf] cfwf/df k|I f]k 0f .
+
dWodf~rnsf] s'n ;jf/L btf{df jfudtL c+rndf btf{ ePsf ;jf/Lx? ;dfj]z ul/Psf] 5}g .
tflnsf $cg';f/ sf7df08f}+ pkTosfdf  ;=6«f=b'= sf] sf/0fn] x'g] dfgjLo Ifltsf]
cfly{s jif{ @)^!–^@ b]lv @)^#–^$ ;Dd u+le/tfnfO{ t'ngf ubf{ sf7df08f}+
;=6«f=b'= d[To'b/ hg;+Vof / ;jf/L btf{ ;+Vof pkTosfsf] eGbf b]zsf] u|fdL0f If]qdf x'g]
b'j}sf] cfwf/df klxn] 36]/ kl5 a[4L ePsf] IftL u+le/ k|sf/sf] /x]sf] b]lvG5 .
b]lvG5 . b]zsf c? e"–efudf eg] k|j[QL km/s–  sf7df08f}+ pkTosfdf eGbf cGo If]qx?df
km/s kfO{of] . pbfx/0fsf] nfuL cfly{s jif{ ;~rfng x'g] ;jf/L;fwgx? d[To'hGo
@)^^.^& df klZrddf~rn If]qdf k|ltJolQm ;=6«f=b'= x?df j9L ;+nUg ePsf] b]lvG5g\ .
;=6«f=b'= d[To'b/df cTolws a[4L eof] eg]  k}bnofqLx?sf] ;'/IffnfO{ Vofn gul/Psf
dWoklZrdf~rn If]qdf cfly{s jif{ @)^#.)^$ sf/0f logLx? ;8sdf x'g] b'3{6gfaf6
b]lv g} hg;+Vof Pj+ btf{ ;jf/Lx?sf] lx;fan] ;jeGbf a9L hf]lvddf kb{5g\ .
;=6«f=b'= d[To'b/ cTolws /x]sf] b]lvG5 . u}/  !% b]lv $) jif{ pd]/ ;d"xsf dflg;x?
d[To'hGo ;=6«f=b'=3fOt]x? If]qut cfwf/df k|lt ;8s b'3{6gfjf6 ;jeGbf a9L k|efljt
hg;+Vofsf] lx;fan] sf7df8f} pkTosfdf / x'G5g\ eg] To;kl5 %) jif{ eGbf dfyLsf
k|ltbtf{ ;jf/L ;+Vofsf] lx;fan] pd]/ ;d"xsf dflg;x? kb{5g\ .
dWoklZrdf~rndf ;a}eGbf k|efljt /x]sf]  zx/L If]qdf df]6/;fO{sn b'3{6gfx? ;j}
b]lvG5 . eGbf a9L X'g] ub{5g\ .
oBkL tflnsf $ df pNn]lvt ;=6«f=b'=  u|fdL0f If]qdf 6«s / j; b'3{6gfx? cTolws
b/X? k|If]k0f ug{ s]xL cg'dfg ug'{ k/]sf] x'g] ub{5g\ .
sf/0fjz s]xL dfqfdf jf:tljstf eGbf km/s  nfdf] b"/Lsf] a; ;+nUg b'3{6gfx? lgs}
x'g] ePtf klg k|If]lkt b/af6 b]zsf] ljleGg ulDe/ k|s[tLsf 5g\ lsgeg] ltgn] g} b]zsf]
efudf ;8s–;'/Iffsf] l:ytL km/s km/s /x]sf] ;=6«f=b'= sf] s"n d[To' / uDeL/ 3fOt] x?sf]
5 eGg] lgisif{ lgsfNg ;lsG5 . g]kfndf qmdzM !#Ü / #!Ü lx:;f cf]u6]sf]] b]lvG5 .
ljutdf ul/Psf cg';Gwfg tyf cg'udgsf]  kxf8sf af6f]x?df le/jf6 v;]/ x'g] j;
cfwf/df ;=6«f=b'=sf ;DjGwdf ;f/f+zdf b'3{6gfx?n] eo+s/ kl/df0fsf d[To'hGo
lgDGffg';f/ lgis{ifx? lgsfNg ;lsG5 . ;=6«f=b'= x? lgDTofO{ /x]sf x'G5g\ .
 b]z el/sf] sl/j cfwf ;=6«f=b'= sf7df08f}+  sl/j #) b]lv $)Ü b'3{6gfx? ;"o{f:t kl5
pkTosfdf g} 36\b5g\ hxfF b]zsf] em08} x'g] ub{5g\ h'g a]nf ;jf/L rfk eg] sd
cfwf eGbf al9 ;jf/L ;fwgx? u'8b5g\ . x'G5 .

 rfnssf] nfk/jfxL, dfbs kbfy{ ;]jg u/L ubf{ ;8sdf w]/} 7fp“df a9L le/fnf]] x'g'Ù
;jf/L rnfpg', hyfefjL ;8s 5]p kfls{Ë 3gfj:tLx?df ;8s ;f+3'/ f] x'g', OTofbL .
ug'{, k}bnofqLn]] hyfefjL af6f] sf6\g', lrq 1: kxf8L ;8sx?df 3'D tLx?
;8ssf] v/fj cj:yf, cfbL, b'3{6gfsf
k|d'v sf/0fx? x'g .
 k|foM lgDg :yfgx?df a9L b'3{6gf x'g] ub{5
.
 gu/ If]qdfM rf]sx? .
 /fhdfu{dfM k'nx?sf] k|j]z dfu{,
klx/f] u}/xg] :yfgx?, rf]sx? / ;8s
5]p cjl:yt 3gf a:tLx? .
 ;g\ @))* sf] Pp6f cWoog cg';f/
g]kfndf ;=6«f=b'= sf] sf/0faf6 cy{tGqdf
aif]{gL sDtLdf klg ?= @=& c/j a/fa/sf] >f]t: uN5L–lqz'nL– :ofkm?j]zL ;8ssf] ;8s–;'/Iff kl/If0f; g]k fn
;/sf/, ;8s ljefu, RCSIP -P=lj=j}= ;xof]uk|fKt_ ; N.D.
IftL ePsf] cg'dfg ePsf] lyof]]1 h'g b]zsf] Lea. (Canada) - CEMAT- Soil Test -TMS sf] ;+o'Qm pkqmd;
s'n u|fXo:y pTkfbgsf] )=$Ü xf] . obL sf7df8f}, g]k fn; ;g\ @))& .
clen]vdf 5'6 ePsf b'3{6gfx?nfO{ klg
;dfa]z ug]{ xf] eg] o; afkt /fi6«nfO{ lrq 2: kxf8L ;8ssf] eL/dfb'3{6gfu|:t 6«s
aif]{gL x'g] Iflt s'n u|fXo:y pTkfbgsf]
)=* Ü k'Ug] cg'dfg ul/Psf] lyof] .
4 g]k fnL ;8sx?df ;8s–;'/Iffsf

d'2 fx?
g]kfnsf] ;8s ;+hfnsf] 7"n}] lx::ff cf]u6]sf]
kxf8L ;8sx?df w]/} ;8s–;'/Iffsf
;d:ofx? 5g\ h:t} 7f8f], ;f3'/f] df]8 (blind
>f]t: gf/fo0fu9–d'lUnË/fhdfu{sf] ;8s–;'/Iff kl/If0f; g]k fn
corners) sf sf/0f cuf8Lsf] b[i6Ldf cj/f]w
;/sf/, ;8s ljefu, ;8s dd{t tyf ljsf; cfof]hgf
x'g'Ù ;8ssf] 5]psf] efu (shoulder) sdhf]/ (RMDP), -lj=j}= ;xof]uk|fKt_ ; SILT–Full Bright- CEMECA sf ]
x'g'Ù ;8sdf ;'/Iff d}qL gfnL (forgiving ;o'Qm pkqmd; sf7df8f}, g]k fn; h'g ;g\ @))% .
drains) gx'g'Ù ;8sx?sf] 7f8f] eL/ tkm{
;'/Iff tuf/f] (safety barrier) kof{Kt dfqfdf t/fO{sf] ;8sx?df ;8s–;'/Iffd}qL gfnL
gx'g'Ù Psn–n]gsf ;8sx?df j}1flgs 9+un] (forgiving drains ) gx'g'Ù k}bnofqLsf] nfuL kof{Kt
;jf/LnfO{ kf; jf pl5Gg kfl;Ëa] Joj:yf gx'g'Ù k'n, k'n];f X?df kof{Kt ;8s–
(passing-bay) sf] Joj:yf gx'g'Ù xn'sf /]vf+sg Pj+ 6«flkms ;+s]t–lrGxx? (delineation)
;jf/Lx?nfO{ 7f8f] psfnf]x?df 7"nf gx''g'Ù 3gf j:tLx? /x]sf] :yfgx?df ;8s
;jf/Lx?nfO{ pl5Gg SnfOldËn]g (climbing ;f3'+/f] x'g', cfbL, ;8s–;'/Iffsf k|d'v ;d:ofx?
lane) sf] Joj:yf gx'g'Ù ef}uf]lns sf/0fn] x'g\ .
1
k|ltj]bgM “Cost of Road Traffic Accidents in Nepal”; g]k fn ;/sf/,
;8s ljefu, Road Connectivity Sector I Project (ADB Grant 0051-
NEP); N.D. Lea (Canada) - CEMAT- Soil Test- TMS sf] ;+o'Qm pkqmdÙ
;g\ @))* .
5 ;dGjosf k|o f;x? 6 ;8s–;'/Iff /0fgLlt

;8s–;'/Iff Joj:yf ug{ ;/f]sf/jfnfx? o; sfo{of]hgfsf] lqmofsnfkx? dWo] Pp6f
jLr ;dGjox? ckof{Kt, xr'jf k|s[tLsf, k|foM ;8s–;'/Iffsf] lj:t[t /0fgLlt ljsf; ug'{
h;f] ljleGg lgsfo cGtu{tsf ;dfgGt/ /x]tf klg pk/f]Qm /0fgLltx?sf] ;+lIfKt :j?k
;ldltx?df sfdx? bf]xf]l/g] u/]sf / ;'/Iffsf] tn pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
nfuL cjnDag ul/Psf k|of;x? :j]R5rf/L
tj/n] nfu' ePsf] b]lvG5 . kl/sNkgfM ;=6«f=b'= af6 Go"g cyjf z'Go
;g\ !(() sf] bzsdf g]kfndf Pp6f dfgljo IftLsf] nIf k|fKt ug{sf
/fli6«o ;8s–;'/Iff kl/ifb u7g ePtf klg ;f]] nfuL ;'/lIft ;8s k"jf{wf/ tyf
lgsfo lgis[o /x]sf] cj:yf 5 . o;} lar xfn ;]jfx? Pj+ b'3{6gf kZrft
s]xL JoQmL tyf ;+3 ;+:yfn] of] kl/ifbnfO{ g} k|efjsf/L p4f/ sfo{df
k'gMhfu/0f ug{ cf≈jfg u/]sf 5g\ eg] s]xLn] tbf?stfsf] ljsf; .
s'g} ;/f]sf/ lgsfonfO{ o; ljifodf k|d'v p2]ZoM -s_ ;=6«f=b'=jf6 x'g] wghg tyf cfly{s
lhDd]jf/L lbO{ cuf8L a9\g cfXjfg u/]sf 5g\ . IftLnfO{ Go"g ug'{ .
b'a} ljsNkdf To:tf] lgsfonfO{ ;8s–;'/Iff
;DaGwdf yk If]qflwsf/ / >f]tx? pknJw -v_ lx+;f, rf]6k6s / ckfËtf /f]syfd
u/fpg' kg]{ k|:tfj ul/Psf] 5 . Pj+ lgoGq0fsf] /fli6«o /0fgLlt2 sf]
Joj:yfklso txdf /fHosf] tTsflng Jofks pb]Zox? xfl;n ug{
Joj:yflksf ;ef cGtu{t jg]sf] /fHo Joj:yf kl/k"/s ?kdf ;3fpg' .
;ldlt / ljlQo >d ;DaGw ;ldltn] ev{/}
;8s–;'/Iff ;DaGwL d'2fx?sf] cg'udg u/]sf -u_ ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3sf] ;8s–;'/Iffsf]
lyP . cGt/Ld ;+ljwfg cGtu{t klg ;efn] ljZjJofkL bzlso sfo{of]hgfsf
Joj:yf u/] cg'?k ljleGg k|fljlws ;ldtLx? nIfx? Kf|fKt ug'{ .
u7g ug{ ;lsg] k|fjwfg 5 . t/ ljutsf] -3_ ;=6«f=b'= sf k|efjx?nfO{ Go"lgs/0f
;+ljwfg ;efsf] d"Vo k|fyldstf ;+ljwfgsf] ug{ ;/f]sf/jfnf lgsfox?nfO{
d:of}bf tof/ ug]{ ePsf] / b]z cfkm} klg cfjZos pkfox? cjnDag u/L
;+s|d0f sflng cj:yfdf /x]sfn] ;8s–;'/Iffn] Pp6f ;femf :j?k k|bfg ug'{ .
ck]Iffs[t dxTj kfpg ;s]sf] 5}g . oBkL gof+ ;/f]sf/jfnfx?n] ;femf :j?k cjnDag
;+ljwfgdf ljljw k|fljlws ;ldltx?sf] u7g x'g] ug{ ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3sf] ljZjJofkL bzlso
k|jn ;+efjgf eg] /xg ;S5 . sfo{of]hgfdf k|efjsf/L ;8s–;'/Iffsf nfuL
xfn} sfg"g lgdf{tf, jl/i7 clwsf/Lx? / c+lut kf“+r :tDex? (five pillars) nfO{ cjnDag
6«flkms k|x/Lx?n] sf7df08f}+ pkTosfsf] 6«flkms ug'{ h?/L 5 . o; cl3 g]kfnsf] k[i7e"lddf
Joj:yfkgnfO{ ;'wfg{ Pp6f pRr:t/Lo ;8s pNn]v ul/Psf a'+bfx? k'g/fjnf]sg ubf{
Joj:yfkg jf]8{ jgfpg] s'/fdf ;xdt ePsf lgDgfg';f/ s'/fx?nfO{ b[li6ut ug{ cfjZos 5 .
lyP . o; lgsfosf] d"Vo k|fyldstf eg]sf]
6«flkms Joj:yfkg ePtf klg o:tf] k|of;n]  ;=6«f=b' af6 d[To" / 3fOt] b'a}sf] ;+Vofdf
;8s–;'/Iffsf] If]qnfO{ klg j9fjf lbg'sf ;fy} j[4L e}/x]sf] 5 .
cGt/ lgsfox? lar x'g' kg]{ cfjZos  sf7df8f} pkTosfsf ;8s k|of]ustf{x?
;dGjonfO{ klg k|f]T;fxg ug]{5 . ;=6«f=b'= af6 j9L k|efljt ePtf klg
pkTosfdf x"g] o:tf dfgljo IftL cGo If]q
eGbf sd u+eL/ k|s[QLsf 5g .
2
lx+;f, rf]6 k6s Pj+ ckf¨tf /f]syfd Pj} lgoGq0f /fli6«o /0fgLltÙ
g]k fn ;/sf/Ù dfu{, @)^* .
 ;=6«f=b'= sf] clen]v Jff:tljstf eGbf sd cg'ejsf] cfwf/df s]lx kIfx?n] o:tf]
5 / ltgLx?sf] ljZn]if0f ckof{Kt 5 . ;dGjosf/L kl/ifbsf] ;§f ;/f]sf/jfnfx? dWo]
 ;du| ;jf/Lx? dWo] xn'sf ;jf/L, ljz]if s'g} Ps lgsfonfO{ g]t[TjbfoL e"ldsf k|bfg u/L
u/L df]6/;fO{snx?sf] jfx'Notf /x]sf] 5 / cuf8L a9\g ;'emfj lbPsf 5g\ . tyfkL, xfn
k|efjsf/L ;fj{hlgs oftfoftsf] sdL /x]sf] cfP/ k|foM h;f] kIfx?n] Pp6f /fli6«o ;8s–
5. ;'/Iff kl/ifb -/f=;=;'=k=_ dfkm{t sfof{Gjog ubf{
 !% b]lv $) jif{ pd]/ –;d"xsf k}bnofqLx? k|efjsf/L x'G5 eGg]df Psdt /x]sf 5g\ / o;
b'3{6gfaf6 ;aeGbf a9L k|efljt 5g\ . cawf/0ffnfO{ ut df3 !&, @)^* df ePsf]
 g]kfnsf] zx/L If]qx?df df]6/;fO{sn clGtd sfo{zfnfn] klg cg'df]bg u/]sf] 5 .
b'3{6gfx? cTolws 5g\ . xfnsf] /fli6«o ;8s–;'/Iff kl/ifbnfO{
 u|fdL0f If]qdf Psn j; b'3{6gfx? dfgljo ljleGg lqmofsnfkx? sfo{fGjog ug{ Pj+
IftLsf lx;fan] ;aeGbf eofjx 5 . k|Tofof]hg ug{ yk clwsf/ k|bfg ul/g] 5 .
 hyfefjL, cg'zf;glxg uf8L rnfpg' / o; l;nl;nfdf pk/f]tm kl/ifbsf] u7g sfg'"g
k}bnofqLx?n] hyfefjL jf6f] sf6\g] k|j[lQ g} ;Ddt agfpgsf nfuL cfjZos P]g lgod
;=6«f=b'= x'g] d'Vo sf/0fx? x'g\ . jgfOg]5 . o; kl/ifbnfO{ ;/f]sf/jfnfx?nfO{
lqmofsnfkx? k|Tofof]hg ug]{ / lghx?af6
 k}bnofqLsf] nfuL ;'/lIft dfu{sf] cefjn] ;8s–;'/Iff cg'udg ug{ lgoldt k|ltj]bg dfu
ubf{ ltgLx?sf] ;'/Iffdf ulDe/ ;d:of ug{ ;Sg] clwsf/ k|bfg ul/g]5 .
b]lvPsf] 5 . /fli6«o ;8s–;'/Iff kl/ifbsf] k'gu{7g
 ;'/lIft cyjf dfgljo IftL k|lt/f]ws ;8s b'O{ r/0fdf x'g]5 . klxnf], k|f/lDes r/0f /
(forgiving road) l8hfOg tyf lgdf{0fdf Wofg
bf];|f], k"0f{ clwsf/ ;DkGg r/0f x'g]5 .
lbO{Psf] 5}g . kl/ifbsf] k|f/lDes r/0f k'g{u7g b]lv
 ;/f]sf/jfnfx? lar cGt/lqmofx? xr'jf lghsf] nfuL pko'Qm sfg"g gag];Dd /xg]5 .
tj/n] x'g] ub{5g\ / sltko lhDd]jf/Lx? ljutdf of] kl/ifb >d tyf oftfoft Joj:yf
bf]xf]l/Psf x'G5g\ . dGqLsf] cWoIftfdf d'Vo ;/f]sf/jfnfx?
6.1 /fli6«o ;8s–;'/Iff kl/ifbsf] Kf|f/lDes ;b:o /xg] u/L u7g ePtf klg xfn} k'gu{7g
ePsf] ef}lts of]hgf, lgdf{0f tyf oftfoft
;+/ rgf Joj:yf dGqLsf] cWoIftfdf k'gu{7g x'g]5 .
s'g} klg b]zsf] ;8s–;'/IffnfO{ ;'wf/ kl/ifbsf] sfo{sfl/0fL ;ldltnfO{ b}lgs
ug{ ;j} ;/f]sf/jfnfx?nfO{ ;dGjo ug{ Pp6f sfo{;Dkfbgdf ;xof]u ug{ Pp6f k|fljlws
s]lGb|o txsf] lgsfo :yfkgf x'g' cfwf/e"t ;ldltsf] Joj:yf ul/g]5 . k|f/lDes r/0fdf
cfjZostf xf] . ;8s–;'/Iffsf] ljifo ;dfhsf] /f=;=;'=k= nfO{ ;8s–;'/Iffsf lqmofsnfkx?
x/]s If]q / ;/sf/ ;+u ;DalGwt /x]sf]n] o;sf] Jofks tj/n] Nffu' ug{ sfg"gL clwsf/ l;ldt
cfjZostf dx;'; ePsf] xf] . cuf8Lsf] ePtf klg, ;/f]sf/jfnf lgsfox?nfO{ cem}
5nkmnjf6 ljutdf Pp6f /fli6«o ;8s–;'/Iff k|efjsf/L 9+un] ;dGjo ug{ / o; sfo{–
kl/ifb tTsflng >d tyf oftfoft Joj:yf of]hgfdf k|:tfljt sfo{nfO cem} kl/dfh{g ug]{
dGqfnosf] ;lrjsf] cWoIftfdf u7g ePtf cu|tf k|bfg ug{ ;Sg]5 . of] kl/ifbnfO{ cfjZos
klg ;f] kl/ifb :yfkgfsfn b]lvg} lg:s[o x'b} kg]{ jh]6 / hgzlQm ;'lglZrt ug{ tyf pRr
cfPsf] lyof] . k|foM h;f] b]zx?df /fli6«o ;8s k|fyldstfdf /fVg cfjZos ePsf]n] of]
;'/Iff kl/ifb h:t} s]lb|o lgsfo dfkm{t ;8s– kl/ifbsf] g]t[Tj d+qL:t/jf6 x'g' cfjZos 5 .
;'/Iffsf nfuL cjnDag ug{' kg]{ pkfo Pj+ k"0f{ clwsf/ ;DkGg r/0fdf, of]
lqmofsnfkx? ul/g] k|rng ljBdfg 5 . kl/ifbsf] sfo{sfl/0fL ;ldtLsf] cWoIftf ef}lts
ljutdf g]kfndf ;8s–;'/Iff ;DaGwL of]hgf, lgdf{0f tyf oftfoft Joj:yf dGqfno
lqmofsnfkx? ;dGjo ubf{ ;d:of k/]sf] sf] dGqL /xg] / ;f]lx dGqfnosf] ;lrj
pk/f]Qm kl/ifbsf] ;b:o–;lrj /xg] u/L u7g uDeL/ k|sf/sf ;=6«f=b'= 36fpg lglZrt
x'g pko'Qm x'G5 . of] r/0f eg] pk/f]Qm pkfox? lgwf{/0f ug]{ .
;+:yfut ;+/rgf ;lxtsf] /f=;=;'=k= P]g nfu'  of] gLltut b:tfj]h ;/f]sf/jfnfx?jf6 g}
eP kl5 z'? x'g]5 . ;/f]sf/jfnfx?sf] ;'emfj ljsf; ul/ kfl/t ePsf]n], ;DalGwt
cg';f/ /f=;=;'=k= P]gdf sfo{sfl/0fL ;ldltsf] lgsfox?n] ;8s–;'/IffnfO{ Plss[t ?kdf
cWoIftf, ;b:otf rlqmo k|0ffnL] cfwf/df ;'wf/ / Jojl:yt ug{ k|of]u ug]{5g\ .
dgf]gog jf jflif{s gljs/0f u/L /fhkqdf
k|sflzt ul/g] k|fjwfg /xg]5 . kl/ifbsf] cfˆgf]  ;8s–;'/Iffsf] cfjZostfx?nfO{ oy]i6
lqmofsnfk ;Dkfbg ug{ 5'§} :jtGq ;lrjfno ?kdf c+ufNg P]g / lgodx? ;+zf]wg u/L
/xg]5 . /f=;=;'=k= P]gdf kl/ifbnfO{ ;zQm gLltsf] Joj:yf ;'lgof]lht ug]{ .
;/f]sf/jfnfx?nfO{ sfo{ k|Tofof]hg ug{], tL  ;=6«f=b'= Go"lgs/0fsf] nflu /fli6«o nIo
lgsfox?af6 clgjfo{ cfjlws jf jflif{s th'{df ug]{ . g]kfn blIf0f sf]l/ofsf] a';fg
k|ltj]bg dfu ug]{ Pj+ ljljw lqmofsnfkx? j}7ssf] x:tfIf/stf{ ePsf]n] pk/f]Qm ;efn]
;+rfng u/fpg]] clwsf/ x'g'kg]{5 . kl/ifbsf] ;=6«f=b'= nfO{ #%–%)Ü ;Dd 36fpg]
:j?ksf] af/] lj:t[t ljj/0f o; sfo{of]hgfdf nIonfO{ cfwf/ dfgL /fli6«o nIo lgwf{/0f
Pp6f lqmofsnfksf] ?kdf ljsf; ul/g]5 . ug]{ .
oL s'/fx?nfO{ dWogh/ ub}{, ;8s
;'/Iff ;'wf/sf] nfuL ckgfOg] d'Vo /0fgLltx?  ;8s–;'/Iffsf sfo{x?nfO{ cfjZos jh]6
lgDgfg';f/ x'g]5g\ . ;'lglZrt ug{ cy{ dGqfno / /fli6«o of]hgf
cof]u af6 cfof]hgfsf] cfly{s ;+efJootf
 ;8s–;'/ Iffsf nfuL lgb]{lzt kf“r :tDex? klxrfg ug{ k|yd jif{sf] k|ltkmn (first year
(five pillars) cGtu{t /xL sfo{of]h gf th'{df of returns) sf] l;4fGtnfO{ dfGotf lbg
ug{ ;j} ;/f]sf/jfnfx? lar ;xsfo{ u/fO{ ;xdlt k|fKt ug]{] . o;sf ;fy} pko'Qm
b:tfj]h pk/ hjfkmb]lxtf ;'lglZrt ug]{ . ;8s–;'/Iff sfo{sf] nflu ;8s jf]8{ sf]
 lgsfox? larsf] cGt/;dGjo ;'wf/ ug{, sf]if cyjf ;8s lgdf{0fsf] s'n nfutdf
ljljw lqmofsnfkx? pko'Qm tj/n] Joj:yf clgjfo{ ?kdf lglZrt dfqf -pbfx/0fsf]
ug{ Pj+ ;8s–;'/Iffsf d'2fx?nfO{ ;zQm nfuL !)Ü_ ;f] k|of]hgsf] nfuL Joj:yf ug]{
?kdf cuf8L j9fpg ljleGg lgsfox?nfO{ gLlt to ug]{ .
sfo{–k|Tofof]hg ug]{ clVtof/L ;lxt ePsf]  ;sf/fTds c;/x?af6 cTolws nfe
Pp6f pRr–txsf] /fli6«o ;8s ;'/Iff p7fpg ;8s–;'/Iffsf ljleGg sfo{x ?af6
kl/ifb -/f=;=;'=k=_ k'g:yf{kg ug{ cWoog ;=6«f=b'= Go"lgs/0f ug{ sltsf] k|efjsf/L 5
ug]{ . ;f]xL cg'?k k|fyldstf lgwf{/0f ug]{ .
 /f=;=;'=k= af6 ljleGg lgsfox?åf/f pbfx/0fsf] nfuL u|fdL0f e"–efudf Psn a;
ul/Psf ;8s–;'/Iff ultljlwx? cg'udg b'3{6gf 36fpg To:tf ;jf/Lx?df Ifdtf
ug]{ . s]xL gLltut ljsf;sf ultljwLx? eGbf j9L ;fdfg tyf ofq'x? /fVg]
eg] kl/ifb :jod n] g} ;+rfng ug]{5 . k|a[lQnfO{ xtf]T;fx ug{ ;jf/Lx?sf] 58\s]
hfFr ug{] pkfox? canDjg ug]{.
 kl/ifbaf6 cfˆgf] cg';Gwfgx?Aff6 k|fKt
hfgsf/L lgoldt ?kdf ;"rgf cfbfgk|bfg  ;8s–;'/Iffsf] of]hgf tyf x:tIf]ksf/L
ug]{, ;/f]sf/jfnfx?nfO{ lglZrt pkfox? dWo] k}bn ofqLx?sf] ;'/IffnfO{
lhDd]jf/Lx? Tff]Sg] / lghx?af6 sfg"g;Ddt k|fyldstfdf /fVg] .
tj/n] lgoldt k|ltj]bg k]z ug{ nufpg] .  dfgjLo Iflt k|lt/f]ws ;8s (forgiving
 ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3sf] ljZjJofkL sfo{of]h gfdf road) tyf k"jf{wf/x?sf] ljsf; ug{
;dflji6 /fd|f kl/kf6Lx? cjnDjg u/L
cfjZos lgb]{lzsf tyf l8hfOg :6fG88{df 6.2 sfo{–of]hgf sfof{Gjosf] Kf|ltkmn,

cfjZos k/Ldfh{g ug]{ . hf]lvdx?
 lgs6 eljiodf ljleGg ;'/Iff x:tIf]ksf/L
pkfox?sf] k|ltkmnsf] d'NofÍg k4ltsf] o; b:tfj]hdf k|:tfj ul/Psf
ljsf; ug]{ . ls|ofsnfkx?sf] sfof{Gjog kZrft
;8s–;'wf/sf ljleGg kIfdf ;sf/fTds
 cg';Gwfg ljsf;, cfdhgtf / k|ltkmn Kf|fKt x'g] cg'dfg ul/Psf] 5 .
;/f]sf/jfnfx?nfO{ hgr]tgf clej[l4 ug]{ / ;fy} k|:tfljt ls|ofsnfkx? ;xL ?kdf
cfjZos tflndx?nfO{ ;8s–;'/Iffsf] sfof{Gjog gubf{ ljutsf] cg'ejdf
x:tIf]ksf/L pkfox?sf] cleGg c+usf] ?kdf s]xL r'gf}tL Pj+ hf]lvdx? klg b]vf kg{
c+lusf/ ug]{ . ;Sg]5 . oL hf]lvdx?nfO{ dWogh/ u/L
 ;=6«f=b'= sf] tYofÍ ;'wf/ ug{{, ;+efljt a9L k|:tfljt ls|ofsnfkx?nfO{ sfof{Gjog
b'3{6gf x'g] :ynx? (accident blackspots) ug'{ h?/L 5 . tflnsf % df k|:tfljt
jf/] cGt/ lgsfo lar ;"rgf cfbfgk|bfg k|d'v sfo{x?sf] sfof{Gjog kZrft
(referral) ug]{ k|s[of canDjg ul/g]5 . k|ltkmn Pj+ hf]lvdx? b]vfOPsf] 5 .
pbfx/0fsf] nflu s'g} c:ktfnn] cfˆgf]
;=6«f=b'= lj/fdLsf] clen]v af6 ljZn]if0f
u/L o:tf ;+efljt a9L b'w{6gf:ynx? ;8s
ljefu, 6«flkms k|x/L cfbL, nfO{ tTsfn
hfgsf/L u/fpg kg]{5 .
 ;/f]sf/ lgsfox?df ;8s–;'/Iff ljifodf
bIftf clej[4L tyf o; ;jfndf k|lta4tf
;'lglZrt ug{ tL lgsfox?df ;8s–;'/Iff
zfvf u7g ul/g]5 .
 ;8s–;'/Iffsf] lgltut lqmofsnfkx?dWo]]
6«flkms–;'/Iff Joj:yfkgsf] nfuL :yflkt
ISO #())! dfkb08;+u ;fdGh:otf
xfl;n ug{{ k|of; ul/g]5 .
 jf:tljs ;=6«f=b'= eGbf Go"g clen]v
(under-reporting) ul/g] ;d:of x6fpg
c:ktfn tyf :jf:Yo s]Gb|x?df 3fOt]x?sf]
clen]v k|0ffnL (injury surveillance
system ) sf] ljsf;df hf]8 lbOg]5 .
 of] k|yd /fli6«o sfo{–of]hgf ePsf]n] o;sf]

cg'udg tyf ;dofg's"n ;+zf]wg ul/g]]5 .

Tfflnsf 5: sfo{of]hgf sfof{Gjogsf] k|ltkmn Pj+ hf]lvd

qm=;= :tDe k|: tfljt k|d 'v sfo{x ? sfof{G jog kl5sf] hf]l vd
k|l tkmn
s=!_ clwsf/ ;DkGg /fli6«o  ;/f]sf/jfnf lgsfox?  Go'g ah]6 ljlgof]hg Pj+
;8s ;'/ Iff kl/ifb u7g ljr k|efjsf/L cfjZos hgzQmLsf] cefj
ug]{ . ;dGjo . x'g ;Sg] cj:yf .
 ;8s–;'/ Iffsf] ;'wf/  kl/ifbnfO{ k|efjsf/L ?kdf
tkm{ :jfoQ lgsfoaf6 sfd ug{ cfjZos
cg'udg . :jfoQtf tyf clVtof/L
Kf|fKt gx'g' .
s=@_ ;/f]sf/jfnf lgsfox?  ;/f]sf/jfnf  Go'g ah]6 ljlgof]hg .
nfO{ tflnd . lgsfox?sf] ;+:yfut  Tflndx? Xr'jf tj/n]
ljsf; . Joj:yf x'g' .
 bIf hgzQmLsf] ljsf;  ;DalGwt JoQmLx?
tyf dgf]jn a9\g] . Tflndaf6 al~rt x'g' .
 ;/f]sf/jfnf
:tDe !M ;8s lgsfox?df hgr]tgf
;'/ Iff Joj:yfkg j[4L .
(Road Safety
s=#_ Management)
oftfoft Joj:yf P]g  ;8s–;'/ Iff ;'wf/sf]  cfjZos Joj:yf ;+zf]lwt
@)$(, :yflgo :jfoQm nfuL pko'Qm b:tfj]hdf gx'g' .
Zff;g P]g @)%%, jftfj/0fsf] ljsf; .
lgodfjnL  ;+zf]wg ug{ afwf pTkGg
cfjZosQfg';f/ ;+zf]wg  ;8s 6«flkms x'g' .
Pj+ ljleGg lgb{]lzsfx?sf] b'3{6gfsf] IftL jfkt
ljsf; . hf]lvd Go"g ug{ jLdf
Joj:yfdf ;'wf/ .
s=$_ /fli6«o ;8s–;'/ Iff  ;8s–;'/ Iff ;'wf/sf]  cfjZo Joj:yfx?
/0fgLlt Pj+ sfof{Gjog nfuL cjnDjg ug{ /0fgLltdf gx'g' .
k|0ffnLsf] th'{df . kg]{ sbd pk/ :ki6  /0fgLlt nfO{ sfg'gL dfGotf
dfubz{g . k|bfg gx'g' .
 lb3{sflng nufgL
k|fyldstf lgwf{/ 0f,
lgsfosf] bfloTj,
cg'udg, /fli6«o nIf,
Plss[t of]hgf
k|0ffnL, j}slNks >f]t
kl/rfng, cfbL, af/]
dfu{bz{g .

k|l tkmn
s=%_ ;8s 6«flkms b'3[6gfsf]  ;8s b'3{6gf  tYof¨ ljZn]if0fsf nfuL
e/kbf]{ / j}1flgs tYof+s Go'lgs/0fdf cfjZos cGt/–lgsfo
;+sng, ljZn]if0f Pj+ k|efjsf/L ;'wf/ / ;dGjo lb3{sflng ?kdf
b'3{6gf k|lt/f]ws ;+/ rgf ;+oGq . k|fKt gx'g' .
af/] cg';Gwfg .
 /fi6«nfO{ pko'Qm  cg';Gwfgn] k|fyldStf
k|lt/f]ws ;+/ rgfsf] gkfpg' .
cg';Gwfgdf 6]jf /
ljsf; .
v=!_ u}/ –;fdl/s ;8sx?sf]  ;a} ;8sx?df ;'/ Iff  u}/ –;fdl/s ;8s kl/If0f
;'/ Iff kl/If0f k'l:tsf k|Tofe'tL . k'l:tsf tof/ gx'g' .
th{'df / ;a} ;fdl/s,
u}/ –;fdl/s ;8s?sf]  ;8s–;'/ Iffdf ;'3f/ .  kl/If0f af/] sfg"gL
clgjfo{ kl/If0f qmlds dfGotfsf] cefjdf ;j}
?kdf nfu' . ;8sx?df nfu' gx'g' .
v=@_ ;8s–;'/ Iff kl/If0f  l;kmfl/zx? sfof{Gjog  gLltnfO{ sfg"gL dfGotf

l;kmfl/z sfof{Gjog ug{ :ki6 lgb]{zg . Kf|fKt gx'g' .
k|s[of gLlt th{df
-;fdfl/s, u}/ –;fdl/s  l;kmfl/zx? sfof{Gjog  sfg"gL x}l;otsf] cefjdf
;8s_ . tkm{ ;/f]sf/jfnfsf] kl/If0fsf l;kmfl/zx?
:tDe @M ;'/ lIft hjfkmb]lxtfsf] sfof{Gjog geO{ ;8s–
;8s tyf k|Tofe"tL . ;'/ Iffdf ;'3f/ gx'g' .
cfjudg (Safer
Roads and  l;kmfl/z kfngf gug]{
Mobility) lgsfonfO{ sfjf{xL ug]{
;+oGqsf] cefj .
v=#_ ;'/ lIft ;8s l8hfOg  ;'/ Iffd}qL ;8s  lgb]{lzsf] tof/ gx'g' .
lgb]{lzsf th{'df Pj+ l8hfOgsf] nfuL
cfjZos ;+/ rgfx?  b]z ;'xfpbf] l8hfOg
dfu{bz{g . lgb]{lzsfdf ;dfj]z gx'g' .
lgdf{0f .
 ;+/ rgfx? jfkt
;'/ Iffsf] k|Tofe'tL .
v= ;a} lsl;dsf ;8sx?df ;8s b'3{6gf:ynx?sf]  ljZn]if0f ckl/kSj lx;fjn]
$_ b'3{6gf :yn ljZn]if0f Go'lgs/0f . x'g' .
u/L b'3{6gf k|lt/f]ws
;+/ rgf :yfkgf ug]{ .  ljZn]if0fsf nfuL cGt/
lgsfo ;dGjo lb3{sflng
?kdf gx'g' .
 ;+/ rgfx? b]z pko'Qm gx'g'
.

k|l tkmn
v=%_ ;a} ;8s lgdf{0fsf] lgdf{0f cjwLe/ ;8s–  Work-zone safety sf]
7]Ssfk§fdf ;Dk"0f{ ;'/ Iffsf] k|Tofe"tL . k|fjwfg /fVg clVtof/Lsf]
cjwLe/ -lgdf{0f b]lv cefj cyjf sl7gfO{ .
defect-liability)
sfo{:ynsf] ;'/ Iff  7]Ssfk§fdf ;Dk"0f{ cjwLe/
work-zone safety sf]
(work-zone safety)
k|fjwfg gx'g' .
sf] clgjfo{ ?kdf
;dfj]z u/L nfu' ug]{ .
v=^_ :yfgLo k"jf{wf/ ljsf; ;DalGwt lgsfox?df  ;a} lgsfodf O{sfO{ :yfkgf
tyf s[ifL ;8s ljefu / ;8s–;'/ Iffdf ;+:yfut gx'g' .
pkTosfsf g=kf=x?df ljsf; / k|ltj4tf hfx]/  ckof{Kt hgzQmL cyjf
;d]t ;8s ;'/ Iff OsfO{ . bIftfdf sdL .
:yfkgf .
v=&_ ;'/ lIft ;8s k"jf{wf/ Pj+ ;'/ lIft ;8ssf] ljsf;  ;DalGwt kbflwsf/L
;'/ Iff kl/If0fdf Pj+ ;+ef/ / ;8s– tflndaf6 jl~ht x'g' .
;/f]sf/jfnf lgsfox?nfO ;'/ Iff ;'wf/ ug{ bIf
tflnd . hgzQmL ljsf; .  Tfflnd k|fKt kbflwsf/Lsf]
;b'kof]u gx'g' .
 TflndnfO{ kof{Kt ah]6 tyf
k|fyldstf k|fKt gx'g' .
u=!_ ;'/ lIft ;jf/L ;fwg,  ;'/ lIft ;jf/Lsf]  Dffkb08 ckl/kSj tj/n]
pks/0fx?sf] dfkb08 k|Tofe'tL . th{'df x'g' .
th'{df Pj+ sfof{Gjog .
 ;'/ lIft, jftfj/0f Pj+  Dffkb08 nfu' ug{ g;Sg' .
ckfu d}qLsf nfUfL  cg'udgdf sdhf]/ L jf
cGt/fli6«o dfGotf sl7gfO{ .
k|fKt kfl/kf6L,
pks/0fsf] dfkb08
:tDe #M ;'/ lIft :yfkgf .
;jf/Lx? (Safer ;'/ lIft ;jf/LnfO{ 6]jf
u=@_
Vehicles)
 ;'/ lIft ;jf/Lsf  P]g lgod ;+;f]wgdf l9nfO{
lbg ;jf/L tyf oftfoft cfjZos jf sl7gfO{ x'g' .
Joj:yf P]g @)$(, k|fjwfgx?nfO{ sfg"gL
lgodfjnL @)%$ ;+zf]wg  cfjZos ;'/ Iffsf k|fjwfgx?
dfGotf k|bfg . P]g, lgodjfnLsf] ;+zf]wgdf
Pj+ /fli6«o oftfoft gLlt
th'{df .  ;do;fk]If P]g, ;dfj]z x'g 5'6 x'g' .
lgodfjnL nfO{ ;'/ Iff  cfjZos ;'/ Iffsf kIfx?
tkm{ pGd'v eO{ gLltdf ;dfj]z x'g 5'6 x'g'
cWofjlws . .
 ;'/ lIft ;jf/Lsf
k|fjwfgx? /fli6«o
gLltsf] ?kdf :yflkt
.

k|l tkmn
u=#_ af6f] O{hfht k|ls|of  ;do;fk]If ;fj{hlgs  hgzlQm cefjsf] sf/0f
k'g/fjnf]sg . oftfoft cfudg tyf cg'udgdf sdhf]/ L .
ofqL ;'ljwfdf ;'wf/ .
 lgoldt r]s hfFr tyf
cg'zfl;t ofqf
u=$_ oftfoft Joj:yf  ljefusf] hgzQmL  ckof{Kt jh]6 Joj:yf .
ljefusf] ;+:yfut ljsf; ljsf; .
.
 j}1flgs 9+un]
oftfoft Joj:yfkg .
u=%_ ;jf/Lx?df ;'/ IffTds ;jf/Lsf] ;'/ IffTds pks/0f k|of]u ug{ ;x'lnot
pks/0f k|j4{gsf nfuL pks/0f /fVg k|fT] ;fxg . k|fKt gePdf .
cfly{s ;x'lnotsf]
Joj:yf .
u=^_ ;jf/L hFfr kf; k|ls|ofdf  j}1flgs hf+rkf;sf]  k|s[ofdf ;'wf/ gx'g' .
;'wf/ ug]{ . k|f/De .  cg'udgdf sdL cyjf
 ;jf/L ;Ifdtf sl7gfO{ .
lgoGq0fdf ;'wf/ .
 ;jf/L cfudg Pj+ ef/
lgoGq0fdf ;'wf/ .
u=&_ 7"nf ;fj{hlgs oftfoft  7"nf dfgljo Pj+  cg';GwfgnfO{ kof{Kt ah]6,
b'3{6gf Pj+ :s"na; ef}lts Ifltsf] k|fyldstf k|fKt gx'g' .
;'/ Iff df cg';Gwfg u/L lg/fs/0f .
lg/fs/0f, ;'3f/ ug]{ .
 :s"n a;X? ;'/ lIft
ofqf ug]{ .
u=*_ ;fj{hlgs ;jf/Lx?sf]  ;fj{hlgs oftfoftdf  tflndnfO{ kof{Kt ah]6,
nfuL cfwf/e"t dd{t cfwf/e"t dd{tdf bIf k|fyldstf k|fKt gx'g' .
;+ef/ tflnd . hgzQmL ljsf; .  ;DalGwt rfnsbn
 ;fj{hlgs ;jf/Lsf] tflndaf6 jl~ht x'g' .
;Ifdtfdf ;'wf/ ug]{  tflnd ckl/kSj tj/n]
cj;/ . th{'df .
 tflndstf{ sf] cefj .
3=!_ :tDe $M ;'/ lIft ;'/ lIft ;8s–  ;'/ lIft ;8s–  P]g, lgodfjnL ;+zf]wg ug{
Kf| of] u stf{ nfO{ 6] jf lbg k|of]ustf{sf nfuL sl7gfO{ .
;8s k|o f]ustf{x?
;jf/L tyf oftfoft sfg"gL k|fjwfg .
(Safer Road
Joj:yf P]g @)$(,  cfjZos k|fjwfgx?
Users) ;+zf]wgdf ;dfj]z gx'g' .
lgodfjnL @)%$ ;+zf]wg
.  ;+zf]lwt k|fjwfgx?nfO{
sfof{Gjog ug{ g;Sg' .

k|l tkmn
3=@_ l;6k]6L, x]Nd]6 k|of]u /  ;8s b'3{6gfdf  lgod kfngfdf cj/f]w .
;fj{hlgs oftfoft dfgljo IftLdf sdL .
;'/ Iffsf lgodx?df  cfrf/ ;+lxtf nfu' ug{
s8fO{ / ;a} ;8s  r]tglzn / cg'zfl;t g:fSg' .
k|of]ustf{sf nflu lj:t[t ;8s k|of]ustf{ .  cfrf/ ;+lxtf ;a}
cfrf/ ;+lxtf lgdf{0f .  k|of]ustf{x?sf] r]tgf k|of]ustf{x? tkm{ pGd'v
sldsdhf]/ L klxrfg . gx'g' .
3=#_ ;8s k|of]ustf{x?sf] ;8s ;'/ Iff k|lt  cleofg, cg';Gwfgsf nfuL
nflu hgr]tgf cleofg lhDd]jf/ gful/s . ah]6sf] ;d:of .
Pj+ cWoog cg';Gwfg .
 sfo{qmdx?n] k|fyldstf
gkfpg' .
3=$_ ljBfno kf7\oqmddf  ljBfno tx b]lv g}  kf7\oqmddf ;dfj]z ug{
;8s–;'/ Iff laifo ;8s–;'/ Iff tkm{ sl7gfO{ cyjf ckof{Kt
;dofg's'n ;dfj]z u/L r]tgf clea[l4 . tof/L .
lzIff lbg] .
 ah]6sf] ;d:of .
 tflnd k|fKt lzIfsX?sf]
sdL .
 sfo{qmdx?n] k|fyldstf
gkfpg' .
3=%_ ;jf/L rfns tyf cGo ;8s k|of]ustf{df  ah]6sf] ;d:of, tflndsf]
k|of]ustf{nfO{ ;d]t r]tgfsf] ljsf; . lg/Gt/tfsf] cefj .
tflndx? ;~rfng .
 tflndsf] :j?k, dfWod
pko'Qm gx'g' .
 cg'ejL tflndstf{sf] cefj
.
 sfo{qmd k|lt ;xeflutf
pT;fxj4{s gx'g' .
3=^_ Rffns cg'dtL–kq cg'ejL rfnsx?sf]  cfjZos k|fjwfgx? ;dfj]z

k4QLnfO{ j}1flgs tj/n] ljsf; . gx'g' .
;'wf/ .
 sfof{Gjogdf cj/f]w .
3=&_ oftfoft Joj:yf  oftfoft Joj:yfdf  ah]6sf] ;d:of .
ljefudf ;8s–;'/ Iff Ifdtf ljsf; .
O{sfO{ :yfkgf Pj+ 6«flkms
k|x/Lsf] ;+:yfut ljsf; .  6«flkms k|x/Ldf bIf
hgzQmL ljsf; .
 >f]t;fwgdf j[4L .

k|l tkmn
3=*_ cfw'lgs 8«fO{le¨ tflnd tflnd s]Gb|x?df bIf  ah]6sf] ;d:of, tflndsf]
s]Gb| lgdf{0f Pj+ Ifdtf hgzQmLsf] ljsf; . k|fyldstf / lg/Gt/tfsf]
j[4L . cefj .
ª=!_ b'3{6gf sf] cfsf:dLs  b'3{6gf kZrft x'g]  ;+~rfng ug{df l9nf;':tL .
;]jfsf] nflu lgz'Ns / d[To'b/df sdL .
;/n 6]lnkmf]g g+a/sf]  ah]6sf] ;d:of, k|fyldstf
Joj:yf  ;]jfu|fxLnfO{ ;'ljwf . gkfpg' .
ª=@_ b'3{6gf kZrftsf]  b'3{6gfkZrft  tflndstf{sf] cefj .

pkrf/sf nflu PDa'n]G; d[To'b/df sdL .
gLlt ljsf; , cfsl:ds  ah]6sf] ;d:of, k|fyldstf
;]jfdf sfo{/ tx?nfO{ l;k  cfsl:ds ;]jf ;'wf/ . / tflndsf] lg/Gt/tfsf]
tflndx? . cefj .
 cGt/lgsfo lar ;dGjosf]
cefj .
ª=#_ b'3{6gf lkl8t Pj+  b'3{6gf kZrft x'g]  ah]6sf] ;d:of, k|fyldstf
ckf+utf x?sf] nflu lbuf] ckf+utf, pkrf/df / lg/Gt/tfsf] cefj .
cfly{s sf]ifsf] Joj:yf / Go"g cfosf
:tDe %M b'3 {6 gf /0fgLlt ljsf; . 3fOt]x?nfO{ /fxt .  sf]if b'?kof]u .
kZrft p4f/df
ª=$_ tbf?stf (Post b'3{6gfsf 3fO{t]x?sf]  Trauma Care tkm{  ah]6sf] ;d:of, k|fyldstf
Crash pkrf/sf] nflu Trauma yk ;'ljwfx? . / lg/Gt/tfsf] cefj .
Response) Care Centre x? vf]Ng]
 Trauma Care  tflndstf{sf] cefj .
/ tflnd lbg] .
pkrf/ tkm{
bIfhgzQmL ljsf; .  ;DalGwt :jf:YosdL{x?
tflndaf6 jl~ht x'g' .
ª=^_ ;8s b'3{6gf jfkt  ;8s b'3{6gfaf6  ah]6sf] ;d:of, k|fyldstf
;jf{lws uDeL/ rf]6k6s ;jf{lws rf]6k6saf6 / lg/Gt/tfsf] cefj .
pk/ cg';Gwfg / csfn d[To"df sdL .
k|fyldstfk"j{s ;Daf]wg  cfjZos Joj:yfx?sf]
ug]{ . cefj .
ª=&_ c:ktfn, :Jff:Yo  ;8s b'3{6gf  ah]6sf] ;d:of, k|fyldstf
s]Gb|x?df rf]6k6ssf] clen]vdf ;'wf/ . / lg/Gt/tfsf] cefj .
lj:t[t lgu/fgL ug]{
k4tLsf] (injury  b'3{6gfaf6  cGt/ c:ktfn, :jf:Yo s]Gb,|
surveillance system) rf]6k6sx?sf] pkrf/, lgsfox? ljr ;dGjodf
ljsf; / Joj:yf . tflnd Pj+ sdL .
cg';Gwfgx?sf]
k|fyldstf sfod ug{  ;"rgf k|0ffnL k|dfjsf/L Pj+
j}1flgs cfwf/ . j}1flgs tj/n] gx'g' ,
;"rgfsf] kx"r kf/bzL{ Pj+
;/n gx'g' .

k|l tkmn
ª=*_ :jf:Yo tyf hg;+Vof  ;8s ;'/ Iff tkm{  ah]6sf] ;d:of,
dGqfnodf ;8s ;'/ Iff :jf:Yo If]qdf ;hutf, k|fyldstffsf] cefj .
OsfO{ :yfkgf u/L dGqfnodf ;+:yfut
;+:yfut clej[4L ug]{ . ljsf; .  cfjZos hgzQmL, >f]tsf]
cdfj .
ª=(_ d'Vo /fhdfu{x?, zx/L  PDj'n]G; ;]jfdf ;'wf/  ah]6sf] ;d:of,
tyf u|fdL0f ;8sx?df Pj+ kx+"rdf Jofkstf . k|fyldstffsf] cefj .
PDa'n]G; ;]jfsf] ;~hfn
ljsf; ug]{ .  k|efjsf/L / r':t ;+rf/
k|0ffnLsf] cefj
 ;]jfx?lar Pj+ ;du|df
;dGjosf] sdL .

Pp6f :jfoQ ;8s oftfoft k|flws/0f jgfpg]

7 ;8s ;'/Iff sfo{ of]hgf bL3{sflng /0fgLtL k|:t't 5 . o;n] ;8s
k"jf{wf/x? / oftfoft Joj:yfkg ljr ;dGjo
@)^( b]lv @)&& ;fn ;Ddsf] /fli6«o ug{ ;/nLs/0f ug]{5 . of];+:yfnfO{ 6«f lkms Pj+
;8s– ;'/Iff sfo{of]hgf tn k|:t't ul/Psf]] 5 . ;8s–;'/Iffsf lgodx? kfngf u/fpg 6«flkms
of] sfo{of]hgf lgsfox? ljr 5'6f5'§} 5nkmn k|x/Ln] ;3fpg' kg]{5 .
Pjd\ kqfrf/, ;d"xut j}7s, sfo{zfnf uf]i7L, /fli6«o ;8s–;'/Iff kl/ifb g]kfndf
cfbL, af6 ;xdtL ePcg'?k ljsf; ePsf] / gAa]sf] bzssf] clGtd lt/ u7g ePtf klg
ut kf}if ^, @)^* Dff ;DkGg clGtd sfo{zfnf o;df >f]]t ;fwgsf] sdL /x]sf] / xfn of]
uf]i7Ldf ePsf] ;j{;Ddlt cg'?k lgDgfg';f/ kl/ifb s[oflzn 5}g . g]kfndf clxn];Dd
kl/dfh{g u/L ;dfj]z u/LPsf] 5 . lb3{sfnLg ;8s–;'/Iff /0fgLtL jgfO{Psf] 5}g .
t/ klg g]kfn u0ftGq sf]l/ofsf] j';fgdf
7.1 :tDe !M ;8s ;'/Iff Joj:yfkg sf] ;DkGg ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3 cGtu{t P;sfksf]3
nfuL lqmofsnfkM (UNESCAP) j}7ssf] x:tfIf/stf{ xf], h;df
p2]Zox?M lgDg pNn]lvt dfWod4f/f ;8s– ;j} x:tfIf/stf{x?nfO{ ;=6«f=b'= x?af6 x'g] d[To'
;'/Iffsf] ;'Joj:yfsf] nfuL Ifdtf ;'wf/ ug{ tyf u+eL/ 3fOt] sf] kl/df0f #%Ü ;Dd 36fpg
Pp6f k4tL lgdf{0f ug]{ k|ltj4 u/fO{Psf] 5 .
;8s ljefun] ;g !((& df k|sfzg
 ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo sfg"gL ;+oGq, b:tfj]h x? u/]sf]] 6«flkms ;+s]t k'l:tsf (Traffic Sign
nfu' ug]{ . Manual 1997) ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3sf] ;8s ;+s]t–
 If]qLo:t/ txdf ;8s–;'/Iff ;DaGwL lrGx / ;+s]t ;fwg dxf;GwL !(^* -leogf
;+oGqx? agfpg k|]l/t ug]{ . dxf;GwL_ cg'?k 5 . t/ klg g]kfnn] ;8s–
 ;/f]sf/jfnfx? ljr ;dGjodf ;'wf/ ug]{ . ;'/Iff ;DaGwdf cfˆgf] sfg"g, lgod tyf
 lbuf] ;8s–;'/Iff /0fgLltx? tyf b'3{6gf gLltx? ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3sf] ;8s–;'/Iff ;DaGwL]
Go"lgs/0f nIo ljsf; ug]{ . ljBdfg dxf;GwLx?;+u Ps?ktf, ;dfof]hg ug{
 b'3{6gf ;DaGwL tYofÍ ;+sng tyf cfjZos 5 .
cg';GwfgnfO{ ;'wfg]{ . g]kfndf 6«flkms k|x/Ln] cfˆgf] :yfgLo,
lhNnf / If]qLo :t/Lo ;~hfnsf] dfWodjf6
k[i 7e"dL ;=6«f=b'= ;DjGwL tYofÍx? ;+sng ub{5 . pQm
g]kfndf ;8s–;'/Iff ;DaGwL sfg"gL ;+slnt ;=6«f=b'= ;DaGwL tYofÍx? k|x/L
k|fjwfgx? h:t} rfnssf] cg'dtLkq, ;jf/Lsf] d'Vofno cGtu{t /x]sf]] 6«flkms lgb]{zfgnon]
;8sdf rNg ;Sg] ;Ifdtf (vehicle ;dli6ut ?kdf clen]v /fVb5 . oL tYofÍnfO{
roadworthiness), ;jf/Lsf] ef/ Ifdtf, ult kfFr ljsf; If]qsf] cfwf/df pd]/, lnË, ;+nUg
lgoGq0f, aLdf cfjZostf, OTofbL, s'/fx? ;jf/L;fwg, 3fOt]x? cfbL, ljj/0f ;dli6ut
;jf/L tyf oftfoft Joj:yfkg P]g, @)$( - ?kdf v'Ng] u/L /flvPsf] x'G5 . t/ oL
;=of=Jo=P]= @)$(_ df pNn]v 5g\ . /fli6«o ;dli6ut tYofÍx?af6 b'3{6gfx?sf] lj:t[t
oftfoft lglt, @)%* Dff ;8s–;'/IffnfO{ Pp6f ljZn]if0f ug{ kof{Kt x'b}g .
gLltut p2]Zosf] ?kdf klxrfg ul/Psf] 5 . t/ xfn b'3{6gfsf] ;du| ljZn]if0fsf] nfuL
klg oL b'j} b:tfj]hx?n] ;8s–;'/Iffsf] dfu ;8s ljefu / 6«flkms k|x/Lljr :yfoL k|s[tLsf]
cg'?k cfjZostfx?sf] JofVof / o; ljifonfO{ ;xsfo{ 5}g . t/ gAj]sf] bzssf] cGTolt/
;Daf]wg ug{ cfjZos jx'kIfLo b[li6sf]0fnfO{ g]kfndf o:tf] k|sf/sf] ;xsfo{ ;+o'Qm
;d]6]sf] 5}g .
/fli6«o oftfoft lglt, @)%* df ;8s 3
Plzof tyf k|zfGt If]qsf nfuL ;+o'Qm /fli6« ;+3 sf] cfly{s
ljefu / oftfoft Joj:yf ljefunfO{ ufe]/ ;fdflhs cfof]u
clw/fHosf] ;xof]udf ;+rflnt ;8s dd{t jgfpg k|:tfj u/sf] lyof] . t/ tTkZrft o
cfof]hgf (Road Maintenance Project) df ;DaGwdf s'g} k|ult ePsf] 5}g .
;8s ljefu l:yt tTsflng 6«flkms O{lGhlgo/lª g]kfn ;/sf/n] ;8s ljefu4f/f tof/
tyf ;'/Iff zfvf -xfn cfP/ ;8s tyf 6«flkms u/]sf] 7"nf ;jf/L Joj:yfkg gLlt @)^$
o'lg6df gfdfÍg_ / 6«flkms k|x/L ljr /x]sf] cg'df]bg u/]tf klg o;sf] sfof{Gjog x'g ;s]sf]
lyof] . o; ;8s dd{t cfof]hgfn] ljefusf] 5}g . of] dxTjk"0f{ b:tfj]hn] ;jf/Lx?df jhg
pk/f]Qm ;'/Iff zfvf / ljutsf] pkTosf 6«flkms lgoGq0f ug{ ljBdfg k|lt PS;n !)=@ d]l6«s
k|x/L sfof{no -xfnsf] dxfgul/o 6«flkms k|x/L 6gsf] sfg"gL k|fjwfgnfO{ Psn / hf]8L cyf{t
dxfzfvf_ x?df TRL MAAP for windows 6fG8d PS;n (tandem axle) sf] klg l;df
gfds b'3{6gf ljZn]if0f ug]{ ;ˆ6j]/ h8fg lgwf{/0f ul/ ;+zf]wg ul/Psf] 5 .
u/]sf] lyof] .
xfn sf7df08f} dxfgul/o 6«f lkms k|x/L
@)^% ;fn lt/ PlzofnL ljsf; a}+ssf] dxfzfvfn] pkTosfl:yt b'3{6gf kZrft p4f/
;xof]udf ;~rflnt ;8s kx'r cfof]hgf kl/rfngdf ;'wf/ ug{ cfˆgf] u:tL ;jf/Lx?df
(Road Connectivity Sector I Project) n] g]kfndf
GPS pks/0fx? h8fg ub}{5 . oL GPS
b'3{6gf tYofÍsf] Joj:yfkgdf ;'wf/ ug{ Pj+ pks/0fx?af6 Kf|fKt b'3{6gf:yfgx?sf]
o;sf] ljZn]if0f ug{ Pp6f cWoog u/]sf] lyof] . ljj/0fx?nfO{ k|x/Lsf] b'3{6gf kmf/fd Pj+
pQm cWoogn] o:tf] b'3{6gf ljZn]if0f ug{ clen]vdf Plss[t ug{ ;lsof] eg] b'3{6gfsf]
g]kfndf g} :yflgo k|of;df pko'Qm ;ˆ6j]o/
cem} ;xL dfkg (referencing) ug{ ;lsG5 ।
:tDe ! : ;8s–;'/Iff Joj:yfkgf (Road Safety Management) sf] sfo{tflnsf
lqmofsnfk ;DkGg ug{ ;DalGwt d"V o ;dGjogsf/L cg'd flgt jh]6 -? nfvdf_
nlIft ldlt lgsfox? lgsfo
tTsflng dWosflng lb3{sflng
@)^(– @)^(– @)^(–
&! &$ &&
ljBdfg /fli›o ;8s ;'/ Iff :yfkgf M ;=lj=, 6«f=k|=, /f=;=;'=k= &^=^) !@$=$) @%@=#)
kl/ifbnfO{ cfjZos P]g !^ dfu{, :jf=t=h=d=,>=d=,
dfkm{t, pRr clwsf/ ;lxt @)&) ef}=of]=lg=of=Jo=d=,
k'gu{7g ug]{ . of=Jo=d=,
:yf=lj=d=,
g]=/f=of=Jo=d=,
g]=c=l8=;+=,gfu/Ls
;d'bfox? .
% j}zfv, ;a} !!=$)
/fli6«o ;8s–;'/ Iff sfo{– ;=lj=–;=6«f=o'
of]hgf th'{df ug]{ . @)&)
;8s–;'/Iff / 6«flkms lg/Gt/ ;j} !*=*) #$=&) ()=%)

;=lj= –
lgodjf/] tflnd ;+rfng ;=6«f=o'= /
6«f=k|=.
ug]{ .

@)^(– @)^(– @)^(–
&! &$ &&
k}bnofqL of]hgf lgb]{lzsf / r}q !^, /f=;=;'=k=,ef}=of]=lg= :yf=lj=d+= !@)=$

lgodsf] ljsf; / @)&) of=Jo=d=,
sfof{Gjog ug]{ :yf=lj=d=,
sf=t=Gof=d=,
of Jo=lj, ;=lj=,
:yf=k"=lj=s[=;=lj=,
z=lj=e=lg=lj=,
6«f=k|=, dxf;+3x? -
lh=lj=;=,
uf=lj=;=,g=kf=_
df3 !&, of=Jo=lj= &=(
;jf/L ljdfdf lgDgfg';f/ /f=;=;'=k=,
gLlt k'g/fjnf]sg / ;+zf]wg @)&) ef}=of]=lg=of=Jo=d=,
ug]{ . of=Jo=lj=,g]=/f=of=J
 ;jf/L o=d=,g]=/f=of=d=;=,
ljdf ;ldlt, ljdf
 ofq'x? ;+:yfx? .
 rfns bn
 oftfoft dhb'/ x?
Dff3 !&, of=Jo=lj= #=(
;jf/L tyf oftfoft Joj:yf /f=;=;'=k=,
P]g @)$( / lgodfjnL @)&) ef}=of]=lg=of=Jo=d=,
@)%$, :yflgo :jfoQ of=Jo=lj=,
zf;g P]g @)%% / g]=/f=of=Jo=d=,
lgodfjnL @)%^ x?df
lgDgfg';f/ ;fdfGh:otf g]=/f=of=d=;=, ljdf
Nofpg cfjZos ;ldlt, ljdf
;+zf]wgx?sf] klxrfg ug]{ . ;+:yfx? .
 ;8s–;'/ Iff ;DaGwL4

;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3
dxf;GwL, cGt/f{li6«o
;+Demf}tfx?5{ .
 k}bnofqL ;DaGwL
lgodx? .
 ljdfsf] pko'Qm ;Ldf
4
;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3sf] ;8s 6«flkms dxf;GwL !(^*, cGt/f{ li6«o ;8s oftfoftdf ;+nUg rfnsbnx?sf] sfo{ ;DaGwdf o'/f]lkog ;+3 sf]
;+em}ftf -AETR 1970).
5
ljz]if u/L x]Nd]6 , jfnjflnsfx?sf] ;'/Iffsf] nfuL h8fg ul/g] pks/0fx? df k|fyldstf lbg] .
@)^(– @)^(– @)^(–
&! &$ &&
lgwf{/0f tyf gLltdf
o; cufj} klxrfg
ul/Psf k|fjwfgx? .
 6«flkms k|x/LnfO{ Jofks
clwsf/sf] k|Tofof]hg .
 6«flkms hl/jfgfsf] b/
j9fpg] .
kmfNu'g !^, of=of=Jo=lj= @(=)
;a} ;8s k|of]ustf{x?sf] /f=;=;'=k=,
;8s–;'/Iff k|j4{g ug{ @)&) . ef}=of]=lg=of=Jo=d=,
;jf/L oftfoft Joj:yf P]g of=Jo=lj=,
@)$( tyf lgodfjnL g]=/f=of=Jo=d=,
@)%$, :yflgo :jfoQ
zf;g P]g @)%% tyf g]=/f=of=d=;=, ljdf
lgodfjnL @)%^ df ;ldlt, ljdf
cfjZos ;+zf]wgx? Klxrfg ;+:yfx? .
ug{ uf]i7L cfof]hgf ug]{ .
df3 !&, ef}=of]=lg=t=of= @=^)
;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3 Pj+ /f=;=;'=k=,
cGt/f{li6«o dxf;GwL, @)&) . ef}=of]=lg=of=Jo=d+=, Jo=d+=
k}bnofqL lgodfjnL, sf=t=Gof=d+=, u[=d+,
k|:tfljt t]>f]] kIf ljdfsf] :yf=lj=d+=;=lj ,
;Ldfsf] j[4L Pj+ o; cufj} of=Jo=lj=,= 6«f=k|= ,
;DkGg uf]i7Lsf
k|:tfjgfx?nfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{
;jf/L oftfoft Joj:yf
lgodfjnL @)%$ Pj+
:yflgo :jfoQ zf;g
lgodfjnL @)%^ ;+;f]wg
ug]{ .
efb| !%, ;a} /f=;=;'=k= k|= vr{
;8s–;'/Iff Joj:yfkgsf
nfuL tkl;n cg';f/ @)&)
k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjog k|0ffnL
canDag ug]{ .
 ;/f]sf/jfnfx?sf]
e"ldsf :ki6;+u
lgwf{/0f .
 lgoldt ;"rgf cfbfg
k|bfg .
 Plss[t of]hgf th'{df .

@)^(– @)^(– @)^(–
&! &$ &&
 lhNnf, s]lGb|o txsf]
oftfoft Joj:yfkg
;ldtLsf] ;'lglZrtf .
>fj0f !^, ;j} /f=;=;'=k= *=#
tkl;n cg';f/ Joj:yfx?
;lxt /fli6«o ;8s–;'/ Iff @)&)
/0fgLlt th'{df u/L
dGqL:t/ jf dGqL–kl/ifbaf6
cg'df]bg u/fpg] .
 lb3{sfnLg nufgL sf]
nfuL k|fyldstf
lgwf{/0f ug]{ .
 ISO 6«flkms ;'/ Iff
Joj:yfkg dfkb08 -
ISO–#())_ nfO{
k|]fT;flxt ug]{
 cfwf/e't (baseline)
Pj+ cg'udgsf nfuL
tYof+s ;+sng k4tLdf
;'wf/ ug]{ .
 ;8s–;'/ Iffsf] ;'wf/sf
nfuL Jojxfl/s Pj+
lb3{sflng /fli6«o nIo
lgwf{/0f ug]{, h:t}M
o ;g\ @)!% -kf}if
!^, @)&@_ ;Dddf
;=6«f=b'= d[To'x?
#%Ü n] 36fpg] .
o ;g\ @)@) -kf}if,
@)&&_ ;Dddf
;=6«f=b'= d[To'x?
%)Ü n] 36fpg] .
lg/Gt/
;8s–;'/Iff lqmofsnfksf] /f=of]=cf=, /f=;=;'=k= k|= vr{ k|= vr{ k|= vr{
lgDtL tkl;n cg';f/ ;=lj=,:yf=k"=lj=s[=;
nufgLsf] cj;/x? cWoog =lj=, dxf;+3x? -
ug]{ . lh=lj=;=, g=kf=,
uf=lj=;=_
 FYIRR sf] l;4fGtnfO{ pkTosfsf g=kf=,
nufgL ug]{ gug]{ cfwf/ c=d+=, g]=;=jf], ,
dfGg] . /f=;=;'=k=,
@)^(– @)^(– @)^(–
&! &$ &&
 ;8s k"jf{wf/ vr{sf] g]=c=l8=;+=,
!)Ü jh]6 5'§fpg] . g]=/f=of=Jo=d=, ladf
 ;8s jf]8{ sf]if pkof]u lgsfox? .
ug]{ .
 lgDg ;+:yfx? ;+u
lghL ;/sf/L ;fem]bf/L
ckgfpg]] .
o g]kfn c6f]df]jfO{n
l8n/ ;+3
o g]kfn /fli6«o
oftfoft Joj;foL
dxf;+3
o ljdf ;+:yfx?
ljleGg x:tIf]ksf/L dfu{ !%, ;a} /f=;=;'=k= k|= vr{

sfo{x?sf] k|ltkmn dfkg ug]{ @)&)
;+oGq ljsf; ug]{ .
;8s 6«flkms b'3{6gfsf] ;+oGqM ;=lj=, of=Jo=lj=, 6«f=k|=, ;=lj= !)^=#) !)^=#) $#$=#)
tYofÍ ;+sng / ljZn]if0fdf cfiff9 !^, 6«f=k|=, :jf=t=h=d=,
;'wf/ ug]{ . @)^( / /f=;=;'=k= .
sfo{
lg/Gt/ .
;a} k|sf/sf ;8sx?df lg/Gt/ ;a} /f=;=;'=k= ^#&=^) !@)%=() !%^&=@)

b'3{6gf k|lt/f]ws
k"jf{wf/x?sf] k|efjsfl/tf
af/]df cg';Gwfg ug]{ .
k}bnofqL ;'/ Iff pk/ lg/Gt/ :yf=lj=d+=, Zf=lj=e=lg=lj= !^%=( @$^=%) @&(
cg';Gwfg ug]{ . :yf=k"=lj=s[=;=lj=,
6«f=k|=,
z=lj=e=lg=lj=,
dxf;+3x? -
lh=lj=;=, uf=lj=;=,
g=kf=_ .
g]kfndf 6«flkms calming kf}if !^, ;=lj=, g]=;=jf]=, /f=;=;'=k= $#@=%

;+/rgfx?sf] k|efjsfl/tf @)&@ . dxf;+3x? -
ljZn]if0f ug{ kl/IffTds h=lj=;=, uf=lj=;=,
cfof]hgf ;+rfng ug]{ . g=kf=_, pkTosf
g=kf= x?,
/f=;=;'=k= .

@)^(– @)^(– @)^(–
&! &$ &&
;/f]sf/x?sf] nflu tflnd . lg/Gt/ ;a} of=Jo=lj= !*=*) $@=&) !@^=*)
6«flkms lgod kfngfsf] lg/Gt/ 6«f=k|=, of=Jo=lj= 6«f=k|= !*=*) $@=&) !@^=*)
nfuL tflnd .
;=lj=, ;8s tyf 6«flkms kf}if !^, /f=of]=cf=,ef}=of]=lg=o ;=lj= !&)=()

o'lg6 -;=6«f=o'=_ sf] ;+:yfut @)&) . f=Jo=d=,;=lj=,
ljsf; . c=d+= .
;j} oftfoft Joj:yf kf}if !^, ef}=of]=lg==of=Jo=d+= of=Jo=lj= !!&=() $$&=&) !%%@=@)
sfof{nox?df qm|lds ?kdf @)&@ . ;=lj=, of=Jo=lj=,
oftfoft lgl/Ifssf] lgo'lQm 6«f=k|=, u=d=,
ug]{6 . :yf=k'=lj=s[=;=lj=,
:yf=lj=d+= .
6
lgl/Ifsx?sf] nfuL k|zf;lgs vr{x? o; kZrft :tDd @M ;'/lIft ;jf/L cGtu{tsf] s[ofsnfkdf ;dfj]z ul/Psf] 5 .
7.2 :tDe @M ;'/lIft ;8s tyf cfudg lrq 3 ;8s ljefusf] ;8s–;'/Iff kl/If0f
(Safer Road and Mobility) sf] nfuL k'l:tsf, !((&
lqmofsnfk
p2]Zox?M
of] :tDesf] pb]Zo ;a} ;8s
k|of]ustf{x?, ljz]ifu/L ;aeGbf ;+j]bglzn
;d'x -h:t} k}bn, ;fO{sn /
df]6/;fO{snofqLx?_ sf nfuL ;8s–;+hfnx?df
at{dfg ;'/Iffdf ;'wf/ Nofpg' xf] . oL p2]Zox?
k|fKt ug{ lgDgfg';f/ pkfox? cjnDjg ul/g]5
.
 ;'/lIft ;8s l8hfO{gsf nfuL ;+o'Qm /fi6«
;+3 tyf cGt/f{li6«o :t/sf] dfkb08 .
 ;8s–;'/Iff kl/If0f tyf d"Nof+sg .
 ;8ssf] l8hfO{g, lgdf{0f tyf ;+rfng
cjlwdf ;'/lIft l8hfO{gsf ljlwnfO{ >f]tM g]kfn ;/sf/, ;8s ljefu .
c+ufNg] .
k[i 6e'd L M/fhdfu{ tyf ;xfosdfu{ -cyf{t o;sf ;fy}, ;8s–;'/Iff kl/If0fsf]
;fdl/s ;8s ;~hfnx?df_ cGtu{t gofF lgdf{0f, l;kmfl/zx?sf] sfof{Gjog tkm{ ;8s ljefu
a[xt dd{t ;+ef/ / k'g{:yfkgfsf ;8s cyjf cfof]hgfsf] l8hfOg 6f]nLnfO{ k|ltaå
cfof]hgfx? ;+rfng ubf{ ltgLx?sf] ;8s–;'/Iff u/fpg cyjf lghx?af6 k|lts[of k|fKt ug]{ s'g}
kl/If0f (Road Safety Audit) ug'{ kg]{ k|fjwfg ;g\ cf}krfl/s k|s[of 5}g . h:t} ;8s ljefudf
!((% b]lvg} nfu' ePsf] lyof] . ;DalGwt ;'/Iff kl/If0f k|ltj]bgsf] s'g} l;kmf/L; lsg
OlGhlgo/ tyf lj1x?nfO{ ;8s–;'/Iff kl/If0f nfu" ug{ ;lsPg eGg] laifodf ;DalGwt
ug{ Pp6f ;8s–;'/Iff kl/If0f k'l:tsf pknAw 5 cfof]hgfnfO{ ldgfxf ug]{ km's'jf kq (exemption
. ;8s kl/of]hgfsf] x/]s txdf -;DefJotf, letter) k]z ug{ kg]{ k|fjwfg 5}g . ;fy;fy}
lj:t[t l8hfO{g, lgdf{0f kZrft tyf oftfoft ;8s–;'/Iff kl/If0fx? sltko cj:yfdf ;8s
;+rfng ug'{ cufj}_ ;'/Iff kl/If0f clgjfo{ ePtf cfof]hgf lgs}} cuf8L al9;s]sf] cj:yfdf
klg o;nfO{ ;8s ljefun] ;fdl/s ;8s ;+rfng x'G5g h'g a]nfdf b'3{6gf k|lt/f]ws
;~hfndf s8fO{sf ;fy nfu" ug{ ;s]sf] 5}g . pkfox?sf] cjnDag ug{ l9nf] e};s]sf] x'G5g\ .
;fy} ;8s ljefusf] ;8s tyf 6«flkms zfvf -
h'g ;8s–;'/Iffsf] nfuL lhDd]jf/ 5_ /
cfof]hgf larsf] ;dGjo klg k|foM lkmtnf] x'g]
u/]sf] 5 .
g]kfndf :yflgo k'jf{wf/ ljsf; tyf
s[lif ;8s ljefu Pj+ :yflgo lgsfox? cGtu{t
kg]{ :yflgo ;8s ;+hfndf ;8s–;'/Iff kl/If0f
ug]{ kfl/kf6L xfn;Dd 5}g.
/fli6«o ;8s–;'/Iff nIfsf] cefjdf
;8s cfof]hgfx?sf] rqmLo k|0ffnLsf] bf}/fgdf
;Dkfbg ug'{ kg]{ nIo ;d]t tf]lsg] u/]sf] 5}g .
;'/lIft ;8s l8hfO{gsf nfuL ;8s k'l:tsfx? pknAw 5g\ . ;8ssf] ;'/Iff Ifdtf
ljefusf] ;'/lIft gfnL, ;'/Iff 6]jf kvf{n, sf] ljZn]if0f ug{sf] lgDtL oL k':tsx?nfO{
;8s /]vf+sg tyf ;+s]t lrGxx?, b'3{6gf:yndf cfwf/sf] ?kdf lng ;lsG5 .
canDag ug{ ;lsg] pkfox?, cfbL, ;DaGwdf
:tDe @ M ;'/ lIft ;8s tyf cfjudgsf] (Safer Roads & Mobility) sf] sfo{t flnsf
ls|o fsnfk ;DkGg ;DalGwt ;dGjogsf/L cg'd fgLt jh]6 -? nfvdf_
ug{ nlIft d"V o lgsfo
ldlt lgsfox?
dWosflng lb3{sflng
tTsflng @)^(– @)^(–
@)^(– &$ &&
&!
;8s ljefu cGtu{t ;8s lgdf{0f ;=lj=, lj=a}= ;=lj= #*=%) %&=%)
If]q ljsf; cfof]hgf r/0fM
(RSDP) sf ;8sx?df pko'Qm
;8s–;'/Iff kl/If0f -lgdf{0f cg';f/ .
b]lv oftfoft ;+rfng r/0f
;Dd_ gd'gfsf] ?kdf ;+rfng
;+rfng ug]{ . r/0fM v'nf
u/]sf] ^
dlxgf
leq .
;8s ljefu cGtu{t ;a} kf}if !&, ef}=of]=lg=of=J ;=lj= k|= vr{
bft[ lgsfosf] ;xof]udf @)&) o=d, bft[
;+rflnt ;8s lgsfox?,
cfof]hgfx?df ;8s–;'/ Iff
; lj=,
kl/If0f nfu' ug]{ . /f=of]=cf, c=d
;fdfl/s ;8s ;+hfnx?df !& cfiff9, /f=of]=cf,ef}=of] ;=lj= $=! k|= vr{
;8s–;'/Iff kl/If0fsf @)&) =lg=of=Jo=d,;
l;kmfl/zx? sfof{G =lj=, c=d+
jog ug{ clgjfo{ ckgfpg'

kg]{ k|s[of -kfngf ug]{,
ldgfxf _ nfu' ug]{ .
;8s ljefu cGtu{t ;a} kf}if !^, /f=of]=cf, ;=lj= k|= vr{
cfof]hgfx?df ;8s–;'/ Iff @)&@ c=d= ;
kl/If0f nfu' ug]{ . lj=,
u}/ –;fdfl/s ;8sx?sf] kf}if !^, /f=;=;'=k=, :yf=lj=d+= @@=$)
nfuL ;8s–;'/ Iff kl/If0f /f=of]=cf,

ldlt lgsfox?
dWosflng lb3{sflng
tTsflng @)^(– @)^(–
@)^(– &$ &&
&!
k'l:tsf tof/ ug]{ . @)&@ :yf=lj=d+,:yf=

k'=lj=s[=;=lj=,
bftfx?,
dxf;3+ -
lh=lj=;=,
uf=lj=;,g=kf=_
, g]=;=af]= .
u}/ –;fdfl/s ;8sx?df kf}if !^, /f=;=;'=k=, :yf=lj=d+= !%
;8s–;'/Iff kl/If0fsf @)&@ /f=of]=cf,
l;kmfl/zx? sfof{Gjog ug{ :yf=lj=d,:yf=
clgjfo{ ckgfpg' kg]{ k|s[of k'=lj=s[=;=lj=,
-kfngf ug]{, ldgfxf_ nfu' ;=la, bftfx?,
ug]{ . dxf;3+ -
lh=lj=;=,
uf=lj=;,g=kf=_
, g]=;=af].
u}/ –;fdfl/s ;8sx?df kf}if !^, :yf=lj=d+=, :yf=lj=d+= !^!=!)

;8s ;'/Iff kl/If0f nfu' ug]{ @)&# :yf=k'=lj=s[=;=
. lj=, bftfx?,
dxf;3+-
lh=lj=;=,
uf=lj=;=,
g=kf=_,
/f=;=;'=k=,
/f=of]=cf=,
g]=;=af=],
/f=of=cf= .
kf}if !^, Zf=lj=e=lg=lj, /f=;=;'=k= (& !^(

ljBdfg ;8s ;'/ Iff kl':tsf
cBfjlws ug{], tkl;nsf @)&# ;=lj=,,
nfuL ;'/ lIft ;8s l8hfO{g :yf=lj=d=,
tyf lbuf] oftfoft k"jf{wf/ :yf=k'=lj=s[=;=
lgb]{lzsf th'{df ug{] M lj=, dxf;3+ -
o Zfx/L ;d'bfox? lh=lj=;= ,
o u|fdL0f ;d'bfox? uf=lj=;,
o ;+j]bglzn ;8s g=kf=_,
k|of]ustf{x? /f=of]=cf,


ldlt lgsfox?
dWosflng lb3{sflng
tTsflng @)^(– @)^(–
@)^(– &$ &&
&!
/f=;=;'=k .
;8s–;'/Iff k|efj d'Nofs+g kf}if !^, ;a} Zf=lj=e=lg=lj= $%=%)
Pj+ ;a} hUuf–ljsf; sfo{ @)&#
lgoGq0f z'? ug]{ .
;fdfl/s ;8sx?df k|d'v lg/Gt/ ;=lj=, 6«f=k|= ;=la &#=@) !%*=@) $$^=^)
b'3{6gf:ynx?
(blackspots) sf] ljZn]if0f
ug]{ .
;fdfl/s ;8sx?sf] k|d'v lg/Gt/ ;=lj=, 6«f=k| ;=lj= @#( *&#=() !&($=@)
b'3{6gf:yn (blackspots)
tyf vt/gfs :yfgx?df
b'3{6gf k|lt/f]ws ;+/ rgfx?
lgdf{0f ug]{ .
;fdfl/s ;8sx?sf]7 k|d'v >fj0f !, ;=lj==, ;=lj= !(()=* ^@#%=() !&^(^+=()

b'3{6gf:ynx?df lgDg @)&) bftfx? )
;d'xut b'3{6gf k|lt/f]ws b]lv
;+/rgfx? (mass-action
counter-measures)
h8fg ug]{ M
o ;'/ Iff 5]saf/ (safety
barriers )
o l:6n uf8{/ ]nx?
o /f]8–xDkx?
o /Dan l:6«k
o ;+s]t aQLx?
o Go'hl;{ a]l/o/x?
;fdfl/s ;8sx?sf] k|d'v j}zfv !, ;=lj=, bftfx? ;=lj= &$%=)) @$@%=^) &$@(=%)
b'3{6gf:yn Pj+ vt/gfs @)&)
:yfgx?df lgDg ;d'xut b]lv
b'3{6gf k|lt/f]ws ;+/ rgfx?
(mass-action counter-
measures) h8fg ug]{ M
o km'6kfyx?
7
;+ej ePdf Plzog xfOj] leq kg]{ /fhdfu{x?sf] v08 /fVg] .

ldlt lgsfox?
dWosflng lb3{sflng
tTsflng @)^(– @)^(–
@)^(– &$ &&
&!
o ;+s]t lrGxx?
o /ftL 6Nsg] ;8s–
/]vf+Ígx?
o a; la;f}gLx?
o Rff]s ;'wf/, 6«flkms
8anL (roundabout)
o km'6kf6 /]ln+ux?
;a} ;8sx?df kof{Kt lg/Gt/ ;=lj=, ;=lj=, k|= vr{ k|= vr{ k|= vr{
/]vf+sg ;+s]tx? h:t} :yf=lj=d=, :yf=k'=lj=s[=;=
6«flkms ;+s]t–lrGxx?, ;8s :yf=k'=lj=s[=;= lj=, :yfgLo
/]vf+sgx?, 6lNsg] lj=, :yfgLo lgsfo
l8efO8/x? /fVg k|fyldstf lgsfo,
lbg] .
;a} 6«flkms aQLx?sf] lbuf] r}q !&, ;=lj=, ;=lj= @%#=@) $$*=#) $#*=!)
;+rfngsf pkfox? -;f}o{ @)&) g]=lj=k|f= c=d,
phf{ ;+rflnt_ klxrfg u/L b]lv 6«f=k|=,
lgaf{w?kn] ;+rfngug]{ . ;DalGwt
g=kf=x?
k}bnofqLx?sf] nflu af6f] j}zfv !, g=kf=x?,;=lj=, ;DalGwt !)!=!) @@#=$) %*$=@)

sf6\g] :yfgx? h:t} @)&) z=lj=e=lg=lj= g=kf=
cfsfz]k'n, e"ldut dfu{, b]lv .
h]a|f–qml;Ë¨, cfbL, lgdf{0f lg/Gt/
ug]{ .
lgDgfg';f/ zx/x?df kf}if !^, ;=lj=, c=d=, ;=lj=, &!#=))

l;kmfl/z ul/Psf :yfgx?df @)&) 6«f=k|=|, ;DalGwt
k}bnofqL 6«flkms–aQLx? ;DalGwt g=kf=
(pelican signals) h8fg g=kf=x?
ug]{ M
o sf7df8f}+
o kf]v/f
o g]kfnu~h
o lj/f6gu/
;=lj=, k|= vr{
;8s ljefu, :yfgLo 6f]nKnfhf ;=lj=,
k"jf{wf/ ljsf; tyf s[lif M !^ kf}if, :yf=k'=lj=s[=;= :yf=k'=lj=s[=;=
;8s ljefu, gu/kflnsfx? @)&& lj=, lj=
/ :yfgLo lgsfox?nfO{ c? M kf}if :yf=lj=;=,
lgDg sfo{x?df s8fO{sf dxf;3+ -


ldlt lgsfox?
dWosflng lb3{sflng
tTsflng @)^(– @)^(–
@)^(– &$ &&
&!
;fy nfu' ug{ nufpg] M !&, @)&) lh=lj=;,

uf=lj=;=,
o cTolws vt/fk"0f{ g=kf=_ +
;8sx?sf] klxrfg tyf
;'wf/ .
o ;8snfO{ vfN8fv'N8L
/lxt sfod ug{ dd{t
;+ef/ .
o Aff6f], km'6kfy cltqm|d0f
lgoGq0f ug]{ .
o Kfxf8L ;8sx?df
;'/lIft l8hfOg
cjnDjg ug]{ -h:t}
cf]e/6]s ug]{ 7fFpx?sf]
Joj:yf/ ;8s Pj+
5]psf ef}lts
;+/rgfx? larsf]
Gogtd b'/ L cyf{t
;]6Aofs a9fpg]_ .
o /fhdfu{x?df 6f]nKnfhf
(Toll Plaza) sf]
ljsf; ug]{ .
o 5f8f ufO{a:t'/
;8s5]p hyfefjL
lgdf{0f ;fdfu|L yf]kfg]{
k|j[QLnfO{ lgoGq0f ug]{] .
;a} ;8ssf] lgdf{0fsf] h]i7 !*, ;=lj, :yf=lj=d=, k|= vr{

7]Ssfk§fdf ;Dk"0f{ r/0f @)&) :yf=lj=d=,:yf= ;=lj=,
-lgdf{0f b]lv defect- b]lv k'=lj=s[=;=lj=,
liability cjwL;Dd_ lg/Gt/ c=d=, dxf;3+
sfo{:ynsf] ;'/ Iff (work- -g=kf=,
zone safety) sf] Joj:yf lh=lj=;=,,
clgjfo{ ?kdf ;dfj]z ug{ uf=lj=;=_,
nufpg] . g]=;=;'=k= .
;8s ;DaGwL lgsfox?nfO{ kf}if !^, ;=la, :yf=lj=d=, k|= vr{

sfg"g ;Ddt ?kdf ;8s– @)&@ g]=;=;'=k=, ;=lj=,
;'/Iff ;jfndf cfˆgf] k|utL, :yf=k'=lj=s[=;= :yf=k'=lj=s[=;=
cg';Gwfg / ;dfwfgsf nfuL la=, lj=
ckgfPsf ;+/ rgfx? af/]df :yf=lj=d+=,

ldlt lgsfox?
dWosflng lb3{sflng
tTsflng @)^(– @)^(–
@)^(– &$ &&
&!
jflif{s k|ltj]bg k]z u/fpg]] . dxf;3+ -

g=kf=,
lh=lj=;=,
uf=lj=;=_,
g]=/f=;=;'=k= .
r}q #), :yf=k'=lj=s[=;= :yf=lj=d+, ^!=#) !&!=*)
:yfgLo k"jf{wf/ ljsf; tyf
s[lif ;8s ljefu / @)^( la=, :yf=lj=d, g=kf=x?
pkTosfsf g=kf=x?df ;8s pkTosfsf
;'/Iff OsfO{ :yfkgf ug]{ . g=kf=x?
;=la, ;=la=,:yf=lj= (^ !@% !*(

;8s ;'/Iff laifodf k"jf{wf/M
;Lkd'ns tflnd ;~rfngM r}q !&, :yf=k'=lj=s[=;= d=
@)^( . la=,
s_ ;'/ lIft ;8s k"jf{wf/x?
laifodfM kl/If0fM :yf=lj=d= .
 ! -Ps_ dlxg] cGt/fli6«o j}zfv !*,
tflndM ;=6«f=o'= k|d'vnfO{ @)&)
. kZrft .
 !) lbg If]qLo tflndM
;=6«f=o'=sf dWod:t/sf
sd{rf/L / cGo
;/f]sf/jfnfx?nfO{ .
v_ ;8s–;'/ Iff kl/Ifssf]
k|dfl0fs/0fsf nfuL & lbg]
If]lqo tflndM
 ;8s ljefuM !) hgf
 :yfgLo k"jf{wf/ ljsf;
tyf s[lif ;8s ljefuM
!) hgf
 cGo ;/f]sf/jfnfx? M %
hgf
>fj0f !, ;=la, ;=la=, k|= vr{
6«flkms ;+Vofsf] cf3f/df
;8ssf] dd{t ;+ef/sf] @)&) :yf=k"=lj=s[=;= :yf=lj=d
k|fyldstf sfod ug]{ . b]lv . lj, :yf=lj=d


ldlt lgsfox?
dWosflng lb3{sflng
tTsflng @)^(– @)^(–
@)^(– &$ &&
&!
lgDgfg';f/ k}bnofqf ;DefJo

If]q ljsf; ug{] . kf}if !^, :yf=lj=d=, sf7df8f}+ lbuf] &&^=&) !$@^=$)
@)&! . sf=d=g=kf=s, zx/L
 Zflgaf/ ahf/ If]q -
P=lj=a}=, oftfoft
ljxfg !)– ;fem ^ ;Dd_ ef}=of]=lg=of=J ljsf;
c;g– ef]6flx6L–
OGb|rf]s If]qdf
o=d= cfof]hgf8
 7d]n – ;f]x«v'§] If]q
cfjudgnfO{ jfwf kfg]{ lg/Gt/ Gf=kf=x?, 6«f=k|=, @^=) ^&=$) !$!=$)

lah'nL tyf 6]lnkmf]g g]=lj=k|f=, g]=lj=k|f=,
vDjfx? :yfgfGt/ ug]{ . g]=b'=;+=, g]=b'=;= .
z=lj=ef}=lg=lj=
, 6«f=k|=
ofq', dfnjfxs ;jf/Lx? kf}if !&, of=Jo=lj, of=Jo=lj , !#^% @&^! $(@!
nfuL Kffls{u+ If]q lgdf{0f tyf @)&& . ;=lj, ;DalGwt
cg'udg ug]{ . :yf=k"=lj=s[=;= g=kf= .
lj, :yf=lj=d,
6«f=k|,
ef}=of]=lg=of=J
o=d, g=kf=,
g]=/f=of=Jo=d,
9'jfgL
Joj;foLx? .
8
oL sfo{x?sf nfuL sf7df8f} lbuf] zx/L oftfoft ljsf; cfof]hgfdf #) nfv cd]l/sL 8n/ Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 .
7.3 :tDe #M ;'/lIft ;jf/Lx? (Safer

Vehicle) sf] nfuL lqm|ofsnfk
pb]Zox? M
o; :tDesf] pb]Zo ;'/lIft ;jf/Lsf]
nfuL cGt/f{li6o dfkb08o'Qm k|ToIf / ck|ToIf
;'/Iff k|ljwLx? (active and passive
technologies) k|of]usf] nfuL k|f]T;fxg ug{
pkef]Qmfx? Dffem k|rf/–k|;f/ tyf ;'ljwf
Joj:yf u/L ljZjJofkL dfkb08;+u
;fdfGh:otf Nofpg' xf]] .
k[i 7e"ld M
g]kfndf k|of]udf cfO{;s]sf cfw'lgs
sf/x?df rear parking assistance, vehicle
stability management, electronic stability
programme, air-bags, :jod :jrflnt a|]lsË
k|0ffnL, cfbL, ;'/Iff pks/0fx? k|of]u ePsf
5g\ . t/ o:tf ;'/Iff pks/0fx? g]kfnsf]
;fj{hlgs ;jf/Lx?df pknJw 5}g / ;fy;fy}
;fj{hlgs ;jf/Lx?df o:tf ;'/Iff ;FoGqx?
k|of]u u/]jfkt s'g} vfnsf] s/ 5'6sf] Joj:yf
klg 5}g .
xfn;fn}sf] cWoogn] s] b]vfpF5 eg]
sf7df08f} pkTosf leq ;jf/L b'3{6gfx? dWo]
s/Lj $ k|ltzt b'3{6gfx? ;jf/Lsf] ;8s
;Ifdtf v/fj ePsf] sf/0faf6 ePsf 5g\ .
g]kfnsf kxf8L ;8sx?df b'3{6gf x'g] d'Vo
sf/stTj dWo] v/fj cj:yfsf ;fj{hlgs
;jf/Lsf] k|of]u klg xf] . To;sf/0f, obL
g]kfndf ;jf/L ;fwgx?sf] ;'/ Iff cj:yfnfO{
plrt Wofg lbg] xf] / ;jf/L ;fwgsf] lgoldt
kl/If0f ug]{ xf] eg] ;8s ;'/Iff cj:yfnfO{
oyf]lrt ;'wf/ ug{ ;lsG5 .

:tDe # M ;'/ lIft ;jf/L (Safer Vehicles) sf] nfuL sfo{tflnsf
cg'd flgt jh]6 -? nfvdf_

;DkGg
;DalGwt
ug{ ;dGjosf/L tTsflng dWosflng lb3{sflng
lqmofsnfk d''V o
nlIft lgsfo
lgsfox? @)^(– @)^(– @)^(–
ldlt
&! &$ &&
sfo{bn dfkm{t h]i7 !&, of=Jo=lj= !## k|= vr{ k|= vr{
of=Jo=lj, 6«f=k|,
lgDgfg';f/ j"bf ;lxtsf] @)&) g]=/f=of=Jo=d,
;'/lIft ;jf/L lgb]{lzsf g]=c=l8=cf=,ef}=
th'{df / sfof{Gjog ug]{ .
of]=lg=of=Jo=d,
o ;jf/Lsf] cj:yf tyf u|=d,
ef/Ifdtf .
/f=;=;'=k=,
o ;jf/L kl/If0f–hfFrsf] g]=/f=of=d=;+,;+
Go'gtd cfwf/x? . 3 -j[4,
o ;fj{hlgs ;jf/Ldf ckf+ux?_ .
aGb rfns sIfsf]
Joj:yf .
o :yflgo:t/df uf8Lsf]
a8L -body _ agfpg]
ljwL .
o :s"n, ;fj{hlgs
;jf/Lx?nfO{ lglZrt
/+uåf/f c+lst ug]{ .
o EURO 3 k|b'if0f
dfub08 nfu' ug]{ .
o Af;df pleP/ ofqf
ug{ ;Sg] ofq'x?sf]
clwstd ;+Vof tf]Sg]
.
o gSsnL kf6{k'hf{df
lgoGq0f ug]{ .
o ckf+u tyf j[4 d}qL
;jf/L ;fwgx? k|of]u
ug]{ .
o Hybrid ;jf/L
;fwgnfO{ k|f]T;fxg
ug]{ .
cfiff9 !^, of=Jo=lj, of=Jo=lj= )=@
;jf/L tyf oftfoft
Joj:yf P]g @)$( / @)&@ 6«f=k|=,ef}=of]=lg=
lgodfjnL @)%$ df of=Jo=d, ;=lj,
lgDgfg';f/ ;+zf]wg ug]{ . sf=t=Gof=d,
o ;8s ljefusf] æ7"nf /f=;=;'=k=.
;jf/L;fwg Joj:yfkg
gLlt @)^$Æ9 ;Fu
9
of] sfo{ Pj+ o:t} ;DalGwt sfo{x? :tDe !M ;8s–;'/Iff Joj:yfkg cGtu{t ;dfj]z ul/Psf] ;jf/L tyf oftfoft Joj:yf P]g @)$( Pj+
lgodfjnL @)%$ nfO{ ;+zf]wg ug]{ sfo{x? ;+u;+u} ul/g] 5g\ .

;DkGg ;DalGwt
lqmofsnfk d''V o
nlIft lgsfo
lgsfox? @)^(– @)^(– @)^(–
ldlt
&! &$ &&
;fdfGoh;tf .
o k'/ fgf ;jf/Lx?
lj:yfkg .
o lghL js{zkx?df
;jf/L kl/If0f ug]{
Joj:yf (franchise)
ug]{ .
o j;, ldlgj;df ;fdfg
9'jfgLdf k|ltaGw .
o ;jf/L ;fwgsf] lj:t[t
jLdf Joj:yf10 .
o /fhdfu{df ;':t ultsf
;jf/Lx? k|ltjGw .
o ;jf/L ;fwgsf] 5tdf
;jf/ ug]{ ofqLnfO{
ef/L hl/jfgf .
o ;'/lIft ;jf/L
lgb]{lzsf .
o ;'/ lIft ;jf/sf
k|fjwfg ;lxt af6f]
O{hfhtdf j}1flgs
k|s[of .
o aLdf Ifltk"tL{df ;'wf/
tyf ;femf :jf:Yo
;]jf (universal
health care) sf]
cjwf/0f .
DffyL k'g/fjnf]sg ul/P ;=of=Jo=lg= of=Jo=lj, ef}=of]=lg=of=J
adf]lhd ;jf/L tyf M !|^ kf}if, ef}=of]=lg=of=Jo= o=d
oftfoft Joj:yf P]g @)&) d, ;=lj=,6«f=k=|, )=@
@)$( / lgodfjnL sf=t=Gof=d )=@
;=of=Jo=P]=M
@)%$ ;+zf]wg ug]{ . !|^ kf}if,
@)&@
Aff6f] O{hfht k|ls|ofx? lg/Gt/ of=Jo=lj, of=Jo=lj= k|= vr{ k|= vr{ k|= vr{
k'g/fjnf]sg ug]{ . g]=/f=of=Jo=d=,
6«f=k=|,
ef}=of]=lg=of=Jo=
d= .
10
of] sfo{sf] nfuL :tDe !M ;8s–;'/Iff Joj:yfkg cGtu{t ;fj{hlgs ;jf/Ldf ofqL, rfnsbn, t]>f] kIf Pj+ oftfoft dhb'/ sf] nfuL
aLdfsf Joj:yfsf] nfuL l;kmfl/z ul/g] gLltx? canDag ug'{ kg]{ x'G5 .

;DkGg ;DalGwt
lqmofsnfk d''V o
nlIft lgsfo
lgsfox? @)^(– @)^(– @)^(–
ldlt
&! &$ &&
lg/Gt/ ef}=of]=lg=of=Jo= ef}=of]=lg=of=J k|= vr{ k|= vr{ k|= vr{
;du| oftfoft
Joj:yfkgsf] cg'udgdf d, 6«f=k|, o=d
;'wf/ ug{ ef}lts of]hgf, g]=/f=of=Jo=d,
lgdf{0f tyf oftfoft g]=/f=of=d= ;=
Joj:yf dGqfnosf
;lrjsf] cWoIftfdf
Ps s]lGb|o oftfoft
Joj:yfkg ;ldlt u7g
ug]{ .
h]i7 !&, of=Jo=lj=, ef}=of]=lg=of=J #=#
k|:tfljt /fli6«o oftfoft
gLlt @)^* df tnsf @)&) ef}=of]=lg=of=Jo= o=d=
k|fjwfgx? /fvL d=, ;=lj=,
sfof{Gjog ug]{ . 6«f=k=|,
o b]zdf k'/ fgf ;jf/Lx? g]=/f=of=Jo=d=,
k|ltjGw . /f=;=;'=k=
o ;jf/Lsf] cfsf/sf]
cfwf/df ;8s–kx'Frdf
lgoGq0f .
o ;8s ljefusf] 7"nf
;jf/L Joj:yfkg gLlt
@)^$ .
o j}1flgs nfO{;]G; tyf
af6f] O{hfht .
o jftfj/0f d}qL
;jf/LnfO{ k|f]T;fxg .
o gofF ;jf/L dfkb08x?
o ;/sf/L :jfldTjsf]
;fj{hlgs oftfoft
;Frfng .
o a9\bf] Ifltk"tL{sf]
dfusf nfuL aLdf
Ifltk"tL{sf] ;Ldf
a9fpg] .
kmfNu'g !*, of=Jo=lj, of=Jo=lj=
tkl;n cg';f/ oftfoft !%@ $&& !$#&
Joj:yf ljefusf] @)^( b]lv ;f=k|=d=,
ef}=of]=lg=of=Jo= -of=Jo=sf= -of=Jo=sf= -of=Jo=sf=
;F:yfut Ifdtf clea[l4
sf] lj:tf/ sf] lj:tf/ sf] lj:tf/
ug]{ . d, OG6/g]6
cnfjf_ cnfjf_ cnfjf_
o sd{rf/Lx?sf] nfuL k|bfosx?,
cGt/f{li6«o tflnd . c=d, /f=of]=cf=,
o sDKo'6/ k|0ffnLdf /f=;=;'=k=
tYofÍ
o ICT ;+hfn k|0ffnL

;DkGg ;DalGwt
lqmofsnfk d''V o
nlIft lgsfo
lgsfox? @)^(– @)^(– @)^(–
ldlt
&! &$ &&
o sd{rf/LnfO{ k|f]T;fxg
gLlt
o yk oftfoft Joj:yf
sfof{no / ;]jf
s]Gb|x?sf] :yfkgf
;jf/L tyf oftfoft kmfNu'g !*, of=Jo=lj= of=Jo=lj k|= vr{ k|= vr{
Joj:yf P]g @)$( sf] @)^( b]lv
;+zf]wg / dfyLsf]
lgb]{lzsf cg'?k ;jf/Lsf]
a8Lsf] km]/abndf
nufOPsf] k|ltaGwnfO{
s8fO{sf ;fy nfu' ug]{ .
!& kf}if, of=Jo=lj=, of=Jo=lj k|= vr{

;fj{hlgs oftfoft
;fwgx? ckfËd}qL @)&& g]=/f=of=Jo=d
agfpg ;'lgZlrt ug]{ . =
of=Jo=lj, of=Jo=lj, @=(

;jf/L ;fwgsf !|& kf}if,
l;6k]6Lx?, afWg] 7fpF @)&! g]=c=l8=;=, g]=u'=gf=lj=
tyf ;'/Iff pks/0fx? g]=u'=gf=lj=
b'3{6gf k|lt/f]wssf] nfuL
tf]lsPsf] dfkb08 cg'?k
/x] g/x]sf]] ;'lglZrt ug]{
.
;jf/Lx?df ;'/ IffTds !|& kf}if, g]=c==l8=d, of=Jo=lj k|= vr{
pks/0f k|j4{g ug{ @)&! /f=t=lj= c=d,
cfly{s -h:t} s/ 5'6_ of=Jo=lj,
tyf cGo ;x'lnot lbg] . ef}=of]=lg=of=Jo=
d
pRr ;'/IffTds !|& kf}if, g]=c==l8=d, of=Jo=lj k|= vr{
pks/0f ePsf ;jf/Lx? @)&! jf=lj=,
-electronic stability of=Jo=lj,
control, :jMrflnt j|]s c=d,
k|0ffnL, cfbL_ sf] g]=/f=of=Jo=d
cfoftnfO{ k|f]T;fxg lbg],
;x'lnot ;'lawfx?sf]
Joj:yf ug]{ / ;'/ IffTds
b[li6sf]0fn] sd;n
;jf/Lsf] cfoftdf k"0f{


;DkGg ;DalGwt
lqmofsnfk d''V o
nlIft lgsfo
lgsfox? @)^(– @)^(– @)^(–
ldlt
&! &$ &&
k|ltaGw nufpg] .
;jf/Lx?df cfw'lgs, !|& kf}if, of=Jo=lj=, of=Jo=lj= $*@ &)#

j}1flgs hf“rkf; z'? @)&! g]=/f=of=Jo=d=
u/L s8fO{sf ;fy nfu'
ug]{ .
;jf/Lx?sf] lg/LIf0fdf lg/Gt/ of=Jo=lj,, of=Jo=lj= !^*!=# #%&&=! ^@!&=#

;'wf/ ug]{ / ;Ifdtfsf] 6«f=k=|,
58\s] hfFrdf tbf?stf g]=/f=of=Jo=d=
ckgfpg] .
;fj{hlgs ;jf/Lx?df lg/Gt/ ;=lj, of=Jo=lj= ##%=% *)$=@ !^(@=$

cTolws ef/ lgoGq0f of=Jo=lj,,
ug{ 58\s] hf“rdf - 6«f=k=|,
ofS;n ef/, ofq'rfk_ g]=/f=of=Jo=d=
lta|tf Nofpg] .
;jf/Lsf] hfFrkf; lghL of=Jo=lj, of=Jo=lj= !&# #!$

Joj:yf
js{;kx?df ug{] Joj:yf (franchise) g]=/f=of=Jo=d
(franchise) ug{] / M !|^ kf}if, g]=/f=of=d=;=,
ltgsf] ;+hfn agfpg] . @)&@ js{;kx?
aif{e/L g} Pp6f klg lg/Gt/ of=Jo=lj=, of=Jo=lj= k|= vr{ k|= vr{ k|= vr{
b'3{6gf gug{] ;jf/L g]=/f=of=Jo=d=,
rfnsnfO{ cfly{s g]=/f=of=d=;=
k|f]T;fxg lbg oftfoft
Joj;foLx?nfO{ k|f]T;fxg
ug]{ .
h]i7 !&, of=Jo=lj= ;jf/L ;jf/L ;jf/L

;jf/Lx?df PDaf]; of=Jo=lj, 6«f=k|,
@)^( ef}=of]=lg=of=Jo= wgLaf6 wgLaf6 wgLaf6
-emboss) btf{ c;"n c;"n c;"n
d=, u[=d=
gDa/Kn]6 nfu' ug]{ .
/fhdfu{x?df ;':t !|^ kf}if, of=Jo=lj= k|= vr{
of=Jo=lj,
ultsf ;jf/Lx?nfO{ @)&) g]=/f=of=Jo=d=,
k|ltjGw nufpg] .
dxf;+3-
dfgljo–
:jrflnt
;jf/L, 6]Dkf]_


;DkGg ;DalGwt
lqmofsnfk d''V o
nlIft lgsfo
lgsfox? @)^(– @)^(– @)^(–
ldlt
&! &$ &&
;fj{hlgs ;jf/L ;+nUg lg/Gt/ of=Jo=lj=, of=Jo=lj= %=! !# #^=%
7"nf b'3{6gfx?sf] g]=/f=of=Jo=d
cg';Gwfg u/L ;jf/Lsf]
;8s ;Ifdtfdf sdhf]/ L
/x] g/x]sf] olsg ug]{ /
pko'Qm lg/fs/0f ug{
;+/rgfx? :yfkgf ug]{ .
;fj{hlgs ;jf/Lx?sf] lg/Gt/ of=Jo=lj=, of=Jo=lj= ^!=&) !$)=!) #&!=$

cfwf/e"t dd{t ;+ef/ g]=/f=of=Jo=d )
-a|]s, :6]l/¨, Snr, 6fo/,
aQL, cfbL_ af/] ld:qL /
;jf/L rfnsbnx?nfO{{
tflnd lbg] .
:s'na;sf] ;'/ Iffaf/] Baseline: of=Jo=lj=, of=Jo=lj= @*=* @*=* ^&=(

cg';Gwfg ug]{ . |^ kf}if, 6«f=k|, :s'nx?
@)&)
k'gnf]{sg M
!|^ kf}if,
@)&@
7.4 :tDe $M ;'/ lIft ;8s k|o f]u stf{x ?  l;6k]6L / x]Nd]6sf] k|of]u a9fpg yk
(Safer Road-Users) sf] nfuL k|of;x? ug]{ .
lqmofsnfk  dfbs kbfy{ ;]jg u/L ;jf/L rnfpg] tyf
c? hf]lvdk"0f{ afgLx? Go"gLs/0f ug]{ .
pb]ZoM  ;jf/L ult lgoGq0fdf ;'wf/ Nofpg] .
 cg'zf;glxg ;jf/L rfns tyf
of] :tDesf] p2]Zo ;8s–k|ofustf{x?sf] k}bnofqLx? dfyL ef/L hl/jfgf u/fpg] .
Jojxf/, cg'zf;g tyf afgL df ;'wf/ ug{
lgDgfg';f/ lj:t[t sfo{qm|dx? ljsf; ug'{ xf] . k[i 7e"ld M
 6«flkms lgodx? lbuf] tyf cem} s8fO{sf ;jf/L tyf oftfoft Joj:yfkg P]g
;fy kfngf u/fpg] . @)$( cg';f/ rf/kf+u|] ;jf/Lsf] rfns nufot
 ;8s ;'/Iffsf] nfuL hgr]tgfd'ns cuf8Lsf] l;6sf] ofq'n] l;6k]6L nufpg' clgjfo{
cleofgx? lbuf] ?kdf ;+rfng ug]{ . 5 . df]6/;fOsnx?sf] xsdf rfns / k5fl8
l;6df j:g]n] x]Nd]6 nufpg' clgjfo{ 5 . w]/}
uf8L rfnsx?n] l;6k]6Llgod / df]6/;fOsndf lrq 4 6«f lkms k|x/Laf6 ljWofyL{x?nfO{ r]tgf
k5f8L a:g]x?n] x]Nd]6 lgod kfngf ub}{gg\ . t/ d'n s sIff ;+rfng ul/b}
w}/]h;f] df]6/;fOsn rfnsx?n] s]xL ckjfb
jfx]s x]Nd]6 k|of]u ub{5g\ .
6«flkms k|x/L, ;8s ljefu, oftfoft
Joj:yf ljefu / :jf:Yo tyf hg;+Vof dGqfno
lar cGt/ lgsfo ;dGjo lagf g} cfk\mg}
tj/n] ;8s–;'/Iffsf] nfuL hgr]tgfd'ns tyf
lzIffd'ns cleofgx? ;+rfng ub}{ cfPsf 5g\ .
o:t} sltko cj:yfdf o:tf r]tgfd'ns
cleofgx? of]hgfj4 tj/n] geO{ ;8s
cfof]hgfsf] 7]Ssfsf] Pp6f c+usf] ?kdf ;+rflnt
;f}hGoM g]k fn ;/sf/, dxfgul/o 6«flkms k|x/L dxfzfvf .
x'+b} cfPsf 5g\ .
gAa]sf] bzssf] cGTolt/ ;8s ljefu
6«flkms k|x/Lx?af6 ljBfno tyf cGo cGtu{t ;8s dd{t cfof]hgf (RMP) n] ;8s–
nlIft ju{x? ljr ;8s–;'/Iffsf r]tgfd'ns ;'/Iffsf r]tgfd"ns cleofgx? Jofks ?kdf
cleofgx? ;~rfng e}/x]sf 5g\ . ;fy} ;+rfng u/]sf] lyof] / lzIff dGqfnosf]
a]nfa]nfdf o:tf hgr]tgfd'ns cleofgx? ;xsfo{df k|fylds :s'nx?sf] nflu klg z}lIfs
;+rfng ug{ 6«flkms k|x/Ln] lghL If]q;+u ;xsfo{ ;fdu|Lx? ljsf; u/]sf] lyof] . To;} ;dodf
ub{5g\ . of] lgsfon] sf7df08f} pkTofsfdf 6«lfkms k|x/Lsf] nflu ;8s ;'/Iffsf]
hgr]tgf cleofgx? sf7df08f}+ dxfgul/o hgr]tgfd'ns sfo{qmd ;+rfng ug{ tflnd
6«flkms k|x/L dxfzfvf l:yt ;8s ;'/Iff O{sfO{ k'l:tsf klg t}of/ ul/Psf] lyof] .
dfkm{t ;dGjog ub{5 . 6«flkms k|x/Lx?n] ;j}
;8s k|of]ustf{x?nfO{ nlIft u/]/ cleofg :jf:Yo tyf hg;+Vof dGqfnon] klg
;+rfng ub{5 / jif{df b'OkN6 :s"n] ljBfyL{ / ;8s ;'/Iffsf nfuL :jtGq?kn] w]/} kf]:6/
cfdhgtfsf nfuL 6«flkms ;Ktfx ;+rfng ub{5 cleofg ;+rfng ug]{ u/]sf] 5 .
. t/ 6«flkms k|x/LnfO{ lbuf]?kdf o:tf dfbs kbfy{ ;]jg u/]/ ;jf/L rnfpg'
cleofgx? ;+rfng ug{ kof{Kt jh]6sf] Joj:yf ;8s b'3{6gf x'g] d'Vo sf/0f dWo] Ps xf] /
5}g . 6«flkms k|x/Ln] o:tf ;jf/L rfnsx?nfO{ sfjf{xL
;8s ljefun] cfof]hgfx?Aff6 jf ug{ breathalyzer pks/0f k|of]u u/L u:tL
lghsf] ;8s tyf 6«flkms o"lg6sf] lgoldt ul/Psf] :yfgx?af6 g} sfjf{xL ug]{ u/]tf klg oL
sfo{qmd cg'?k ;8s cf;kf;sf ljBfnox?, cleofgx? xr'jf tj/n] ;+rfng e}/x]sf 5g\ .
Joj;flos rfnsx?nfO{ ;8s–;'/Iff cleofgx? 6«flkms k|x/Lx?n] /f8f/–ugx? xfn;fn} k|fKt
;+rfng ug]{ u/]sf] 5 . t/ klg oL cleofgx? u/]tf klg ;jf/L utL Joj:yfkgdf o;sf]
lgoldt ?kdf ;+rfng gx'bf ;8s lgoldt k|of]u x'g ;s]sf] 5}g .
k|of]ustf{x?sf] jfgL Jojxf/df ck]lIft ;'wf/ xfn sf7df08f} pkTosfdf 6«flkms
Nofpg ;lsPsf] 5}g . k|x/Ln] cfˆgf] u:tL ug]{ ;jf/Lx?df df]jfO{n
GPS pks/0f h8fg ug]{ sfo{qmdn]
b'3{6gf:yndf cem} l56f] p4f/ sfo{ kl/rfng
ug{ / :ynsf] clen]vdf ;xL klxrfg
(referencing) ug{] cj;/ k|bfg ug{ ;S5 .

:tDe $ M ;'/ lIft ;8s–k|of]ustf{ (Safer Road-users) sf] nfuL sfo{–tflnsf
lqmofsnfk ;DkGg ;DalGwt ;dGjosf/L cg'd flgt ah]6 -g]= ?=nfvdf_

ug{ nlIft d'V o lgsfo lgsfo
ldlt tTsflng dWosflng lb3{sflng
@)^(– @)^(– @)^(–
&! &$ &&
;jf/L tyf oftfoft Joj:yf lgodfjnL 6«f=k=|,of=Jo=lj ef}=of]=lg=of !=$ !=&

P]g @)$( / lgodfjnL @)%$ –kf}if !&, =, =Jo=d=
df lgDgfg';f/ k'g/fjnf]sg @)&) ef}=of]=lg=of=J
tyf ;+zf]wg ug]{11{ . P]g–cfiff9 o=d=,
o Eff8fsf 7"nf ;jf/L !^, @)&@ /f=;=;'=k=,
;fwgx?df ljZjdfGo
;'/Iff k|0ffnLx? ;+u
Ps?ktf sfod ug]{ .
o ;jf/Lsf] 5tdf r9]/ ofqf
u/fpg] ;jf/L wgL tyf
ofqf ug]{ ofq'x?nfO{
s8feGbf s8f hl/jfgfsf]
Joj:yf ug]{ .
o ;'/Iff Joj:yfdf ;'wf/
ug{ rfns cg'dtL kqsf]
k|ls|ofx?df j}1flgs ;'wf/
ug]{ .
;j} ;8s k|of]ustf{x? -rfns kf}if !&, 6«f=k|, of=Jo=lj=, )=*

k}bnofqL, ;8sk]6L Jofkf/L_ @)&) of=Jo=lj=,
sf] nflu Pp6f lj:t[t cfrf/ ef}=of]=lg=of=J
;+lxtf th'{df ug]{12 . o=d=,
g]=/f=of=Jo=d=,
;8sk]6L
Jofkf/Lx?,
/f=;=;'=k=
;8s–;'/ Iffsf] ;'wf/ cj:yf j}zfv !, 6«f=k|, 6«f=k|= @%=$

k|lt k|of]ustf{x?sf] Jojxf/ @)&) of=Jo=lj,
cWoog ug{ ;e]{If0f ug]{ . :yf=lj=d,
/f=;=;'=k
:s'nsf ljBfyL{ tyf lg/Gt/ ;=lj, 6«f=k=, (!=# !(#=@ %%(=)
11
of] sfo{ :tDe !M ;8s–;'/Iff Joj:yfkg Pj+ :tDe #M ;'/lIft ;jf/L cGtu{t ;jf/L tyf oftfoft Joj:yf P]g, lgodfjnL sf] ;zf]wg
sfo{ ;+u;+u} }+ ug{ kg]{ .+
12
7"nf ;jf/Lx?nfO{ ljZjdfGo ;'/Iff kl/kf6L;+u Ps?ktf sfod ug{ ;jf/L tyf oftfoft Joj:yf P] g df ;+zf]wg / oftfoft Joj:yf
ljefuåf/f h]i7 @)^* sf] ;fj{hlgs ;jf/Lsf] hf/L cfrf/;+lxtf ;+u Ps?ktf sfod ug]{] .


@)^(– @)^(– @)^(–
&! &$ &&
k}bnofqLx?sf lgDtL ;8s– 6«f=k|=,of=Jo=lj lz=lj=
;'/Iff r]tgf cleofg ;+rfng =, :s'nx?,
ug]{ . lz=lj=,
gful/s
;dfh
;8s–;'/ Iff ;+u ;DalGwt lg/Gt/ ;=lj, 6«f=k|, 6«f=k|=, !)%=* @@* %(#=&
hgr]tgfd'ns krf{ cleofg of=Jo=lj, ;=lj=
;+rfng ug]{ . lj1fkg
JojkfoLx?
;8s–;'/ Iff ;DjGwL laifo ;+zf]wg M ;=lj=, 6«f=k|=, lz=lj= @#=#

ljBfnosf] kf7\ok':tsx?df kf}if !&, of=Jo=lj=,
;dofg's'n ;dfj]z u/L @)&) lz=lj=,
cWofkg u/fpg] . k|Wofkg M
@)&)
cGt;DDf .
;8s–;'/ Iffsf] jf/]df lg/Gt/ ;=lj, 6«f=k|, 6«f=k|=, #$& ^$%=& !#@!=!
6]lnlehg, /]l8of], 5fkf h:tf of=Jo=lj=, of=Jo=lj=
;~rf/ dfWod dfkm{t Jofks 6]lnlehg,
k|rf/k|;f/ ug]{ . ;dfrf/ tyf
lj1fkg
Ph]G;Lx? .
Kf]zfut rfnsx?sf] nflu kmfNu'g of=Jo=lj=, of=Jo=lj= (!=#) !(#=@) %%(

;8s–;'/ Iff ;+u ;DalGwt !*, @)^( 6«f=k|,
lgoldt lzIff tyf tflndsf b]lv g]=of=Jo=d=,
sfo{qmdx? ;~rfngug]{ . g]=/f=of=d=;=,
rfns
;+u7gx?
rfnssf] cg'dtL–kq k4tLdf kf}if !&, 6«f=k|, of=Jo=lj= $%%=& (%$=#

lgDgfg';f/ ;'wf/ ug]{ M @)&& of=Jo=lj,
jf=lj, c=d,
o gofF ;jf/L rfnsx?nfO{
pks/0f
qmlds (Graduated) ;Knfo;{,
cg'dtL kq Joj:yf ef}=of]=lg=of=J
o oflGqs lgolGqt 6«fOn o=d,
kl/If0f
o k]z]j/ rfnsx?nfO{ Ps
jif{sf] kl/If0f sfnsf]
Joj:yf
o /fli6«o ;jf/L btf{sf]
;dfof]hg

@)^(– @)^(– @)^(–
&! &$ &&
o k/LIff k|0ffnLdf ;'wf/
o cGo Joj:yfx?
6«flkms k|x/Lsf] ;F:yfut kmfNu'g 6«f=k|=, 6«f=k= !*# $$$ !!*%

ljsf; !*, @)^( of=Jo=lj=
o /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o b]lv
tflnd
o ;jf/L lgod kfngf
u/fpg cfjZos kg]{ >f]t
tyf ;fwgx?sf] Jjj:yf
o ult lgoGq0fdf ;'wf/
Nofpg ;a} ;jf/Lx?sf]
radar gun af6 58\s] hfFr
o ;fj{hlgs ;jf/Lx?df
time-card nfu' ug]{ .
;jf/L tyf oftfoft Joj:yf lg/Gt/ 6«f=k|, of=Jo=lj 6«f=k|= k|= vr{ k|= vr{ k|= vr{
P]g @)$( adf]lhd l;6k]6L
tyf x]Nd]6 k|of]u ug]{ lgod
s8fO{sf ;fy nfu' ug]{ .
;fj{hlgs ;jf/Lx?df ofqL lg/Gt/ 6«f=k=|, of= 6«f=k|= k|= vr{ k|= vr{ k|= vr{
tyf rfns bnsf nfuL ;'/ Iff Jo=ljefu,
lgodx? s8fO{sf ;fy nfu'
ug{] .
oftfoft Joj:yf ljefudf kf}if !&, of=Jo= lj=, of=Jo=lj= #*%=! ^^!=*
;8s–;'/ Iff OsfO{ u7g ug]{ / @)&@ ;+j]bglzn
cg';Gwfg z'?jft ug]{, ;aeGbf ;8s
;+j]bglzn ;8s– k|of]ustf{x?{
k|of]ustf{x?sf] ;'/ Iffdf ljif]z
Wofg lbg] .
Kfof{Kt tyf cfw'lgs 8«fOle¨ kf}if !&, of= Jo=lj=, of=Jo=lj= k|= vr{
tflnd If]qsf] lgdf{0f ug{ @)&@ 6«f=k|==|,
;/sf/L lghL ;fem]bf/LnfO{ g]=/f=of=Jo=d=,
k|f]T;fxg ug]{ . rfns;+3,
g]=c=l8=;+= .
8«fOleË :s'nx?sf] Ifdtf kf}if !&, of=Jo=lj=, of=Jo=lj= !! @@ $*

clej[l4 ug]{ -lgb]{lzsf tyf @)&! 6«f=k|=|,
tflnd_. g]=/f=of= Jo=,
rfns ;+3 ,
g]=c=l8=;+= .


@)^(– @)^(– @)^(–
&! &$ &&
ljleGg rf]sx?df CCTV kmfNu'g 6«f=k|, u|=d=, 6«f=k|= ^)@ &*& !!!&(
Sofd]/fx? h8fg ug]{ . !(, @)^( of=Jo=lj=,;Kn
b]lv fo;{x?

7.5 :tDe %M b'3 {6 gf kZrft p4f/df tbf?Stf

(Post Crash Response) sf] nfuL
lqmofsnfk
p2]Zox?M
of] :tDesf] p2]Zox? b'3{6gf kZrft p4f/df
tbf?stf tyf k|efjsfl/tf a9fpg] / :jf:Yo ;]jf
k|0ffnLx?df b'3{6gfsf 3fOt]x?sf] cfsl:ds pkrf/ /
bL3{sfnLg ?kdf cfjZos kg]{ k'g{:yfkgf pkrf/df
;'wf/ ug]{ /x]sf] 5 .
k[i 7e"ld M
g]kfndf xfn;Dd b'3{6gf kZrft 3fOt]sf]
p4f/ ug{ slt ;do nfU5 eGg] s'g} tYofÍ 5}g .
oxfF c:ktfn, lghL If]q tyf ;fdflhs Snjx?4f/f
;+rflnt PDj'n]G;x?sf] ;+Vof yf]/} 5g\ . ljZje/
;=6«f=b'= af6 x'g] 3fOt]x? cg'udg ug{ ;g @))$ df
ljZj :jf:Yo ;+u7gn] u/]sf] kxnk"j{ g]kfndf :jf:Yo
dGqfnonfO{ ;8s–;'/Iff pk/ hjfkmb]xL jgfpg s'g}
klg lsl;dsf] kl/kf6L lyPg .
c:ktfn tyf :jf:Yo s]Gb|x?df ;=6«f=b'=
;DaGwL tYofÍ Joj:yfkg k4lt cToGt sdhf]/ 5 .
t/ klg ljutdf s]xL cfof]hgfx?sf] tTjfwfgdf
;xefuL c:ktfnx?af6 o:tf tYofÍ ljsf; ug{ k|of;
ul/Psf lyP . xfn :jf:Yo tyf hg;+Vof dGqfnon]
c:ktfnx?df ;=6«f=b'=sf 3fOt]X?sf] clen]v /fvL
cg'udgsf] tof/L ub}{5 . :jf:Yo dGqfnon] klg
b'3{6gfsf lkl8tx?sf] pkrf/sf nfuL tLg txsf] ;]jf
-k|fylds, l4lto tyf t[tLo_ ljsf; ug]{ ;f]rfO{
/fv]sf] 5 . tyfkL ;=6«f=b'= af6 rf]6k6s nfu]sf
3fO{t]x?nfO{ cGo sf/0faf6 3fO{t] x'g] nfO{ eGbf sd
k|fyldstf lbg] ul/Psf]5 \, lsgeg] t'ngfTds ?kdf
;=6«f=b'= af6 3fO{t] x'g]x ?sf] ;+Vof sd} x'G5g . b]zsf]
;a} :jf:y s]Gb|x? GPS k|0ffnL4f/f s]Gb|;+u hf]l8Psf
5g\ . o;sf cltl/St sf7df08f} pkTosf dxfgul/o
6«flkms k|x/L dxfzfvfsf] pkTosfl:yt u:tL
;jf/Lx?df GPS ;+oGq /fVg] of]h gfnfO{ pkTosfdf
b'3{6gf kZrft p4f/df cfj4 ug{ ;lsP o;n] p4f/
sfo{df tbf?stf Nofpg cj;/ k|bfg ug]{5g\ .

:tDe %M b'3 {6gf kZrft p4f/df tbf?stf (Post Crash Response) sf] nfuL sfo{tflnsf
cg'd flgt ah]6 -g]= ?=nfvdf_
;DkGg
;DalGwt d'V o ;dGjosf/L dWosfln
nfk ug{ nlIft tTsflng lb3{sflng
lgsfo lgsfo g
ldlt @)^(– @)^(–
@)^(–
&! &&
&$
cfsl:ds ;]jfsf] lgDtL j}zfv !, :jf=t=h=d=, :jf=t=h=d= &=) !%=# $$=#

lgz'Ns kmf]g gDa/sf] @)&) g]=b'=;+, g]=lr=;+=,
Joj:yf ug]{ . c:ktfnx?
kf}if !^, :jf=t=h=d=, :jf=t=h=d= !#=^

tkl;n cg';f/ Pp6f
/fli6«o PDa'n]G; gLlt @)&) :jf=;]=lj,
ljsf; ug]{ M g]=lr=;=,
o b'3{6gf kZrftsf c:ktfnx?
3fOt]sf] p4f/ ug{]
lgb]{lzsf .
o p4f/ kl/rfngsf]
;dodf ;'wf/ ug]{
pkfox? .
kf}if !^, :jf=t=h=d= !!@=& #&#=@ !!$!=&
;j} txsf :jf:Yo :jf=t=h=d=,
sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ ;a} txdf @)&! :jf=;]=lj=,
-k|fylds, l4lto, t[tLo_ g]=lr=;=,
;8s b'3{6gfsf c:ktfnx?,
3fOt]x?sf] pkrf/df trauma tyf
s]lb|t /xL trauma-care cyf]{k]l8s
;DaGwL tflnd lbg] . ;dfhx?
kf}if !^, :jf=h=d, :jf=t=h=d= !)=!
b'3{6gfsf lkl8tx?sf]
k'g:yf{kgfsf] nflu @)&) :jf=;]=lj,
lgDgfg';f/ cfly{s g]=lr=;F,
;xfotfsf] vf]hL ug]{ . c:ktfnx?,
o :jf:Yo ladf c=d=, ladf
o ;jf/Ldf t];|f] kIf ;ldlt, ladf
ljdfsf] k|fjwfg Ph]G;Lx? .
o c? ljdfnfO{ dfGotf
lbg]] -xl/of] sf8{
k|0ffnL_
o c? >f]tx?
;8s b'3{6gfsf uDeL/ kmfNu'g :jf=t=h=d=, :jf=t=h=d= @!@=$ ##$=* ^%^=@
3fOt]sf] rf]6k6ssf] l:ylt !*, @)^( :jf=;]=lj=,
jf/]df :jf:Yo cg';Gwfg b]lv g]=lr=;=,
ug]{ tyf pkrf/ s]Gb|x?df c:ktfnx?,
To:tf rf]6k6snfO{ trauma tyf
k|fyldstfk'j{s ;Daf]wg cyf]{k]l8s
47 g]kfn ;/sf/, ;8s ljefu, l8hfOg tyf of]hgf dxfzfvf, ;8s tyf 6«flkms o'lg6, sf7df8f}+, g]kfn .

;DkGg
;DalGwt d'V o ;dGjosf/L
nfk ug{ nlIft tTsflng dWosfln lb3{sflng
lgsfo lgsfo g
ldlt @)^(– @)^(–
@)^(–
&! &&
&$
ug]{ . ;dfhx?
ckf+u dflg;x?nfO{ lg/Gt/ :jf=t=h=d, :jf=t=h=d= k|=v= k|=v= k|=v=

/f]huf/Lsf] cj;/af6 :j=;]=lj,
al~rt gug]{ . g]=lr=;,
c:ktfnx?,
cyf]{k]l8s
;dfhx?, c=d=,
ckf+u ;dfhX?
.
ljsf; :jf=t=h=d, :jf=t=h=d= (@=% !(#=% $!&=!

c:ktfn tyf :Jff:Yo
s]Gb|x?df tkl;n cg';f/ Mj}zfv !, c:ktfnx?,
rf]6k6ssf] lj:t[t @)&) / :jf:Yo s]Gb|x?,
lgu/fgL ug]{ k4tLsf] lhNNff :jf:Yo
(injury surveillance cBfjlws s]Gb|x?, 6«f=k=|.
system) ljsf; tyf
Joj:yf ug]{ .
 trauma sf]
clen]vdf Ps?ktf .
 dfbs kbfy{ ;]jg u/L
;jf/L rnfpg] pk/
lgoGq0f ug]{gLlt .
 ;'wfl/Psf]
;=6«f=b'=clen]v .
j}zfv !, :jf=t=h=d, :jf=t=h=d= @(=* ^$=# !&!
:jf:Yo tyf hg;+Vof
dGqfnodf ;8s ;'/ Iff @)&) c:ktfnx?,
OsfO{ :yfkgf ug]{ / :jf:Yo s]Gb|x?,
tkl;n cg';f/ ;+:yfut lhNNff :jf:Yo
13 s]Gb|x?, 6«f=k|=,
;xfotf pknAw u/fpg] .
 cGt/ lgsfo ;'lrt of=Jo=lj=,
ug]{ kåtL -h:t} ef}=of]=lg=of=d=
c:ktfnn] ;+efJo
cTolws b'3{6gf
:yfgaf/]] ;'lrt ug]{ _ .
 ;+DalGwt lgsfox?sf
;Dks{ JolQm;+u
13
of] O{sfO{n] 6«flkms k|x/L, oftfoft Joj:yf ljefu l:yt ;Dks{ JoQmL ;+u b'3 {6 gf kZrft p4f/df tbf?Stf Nofpg ;dGjog ug]{5 .

;DkGg
;DalGwt d'V o ;dGjosf/L
nfk ug{ nlIft tTsflng dWosfln lb3{sflng
lgsfo lgsfo g
ldlt @)^(– @)^(–
@)^(–
&! &&
&$
;~hfn ljsf; ug]{ .

j}zfv !, :jf=t=h=d, :jf=t=h=d= #$=@ !!#=@ @$&=%
cfsl:ds ;]jf lgsfox?
-h:t} 6«flkms k|x/L, ;]gf, @)&) lhNNff
hgkb k|x/L, bdsn, c:ktfnx?,
kf/fd]l8s, cfbL_ nfO{ ;]gf, 6«f=k|=,
;8s b'3{6gf kZrft hgkb k|x/L,
3fOt]x?sf] p4f/ bdsn,
kl/rfngdf ;'wf/ Nofpg
kf/fd]l8s .
tflnd lbg] .
d'Vo /fhdfu{x?, zx/L j}zfv !, :jf=t=h=d, :jf=t=h=d= #^=( (&=( !%$=^
tyf u|fdL0f ;8sx?df @)&) c:ktfnx?,
PDa'n]G; ;]jfsf] ;+hfn :jf:Yo s]Gb|x?
ljsf; ug]{ . ;fdflhs
;+:yfx? 6«f=k|,,
of=Jo=lj= .
;=6«f=b'= af6 bL3{sflng kf}if !^, :jf=t=h=d, :jf=t=h=d= !#=^

:jf:Yo k'g:yf{kgf tyf @)&) c:ktfnx?,
ckf+utf pkrf/sf] vr{ :jf:Yo s]Gb|x?
Joj:yfsf] nfuL Pp6f ;fdflhs
gLlt / /0fgLlt ljsf; ;+:yfx? ljdf
ug]{ . ;+:yfg, ljdf
Ph]G;Lx? .

gkfn ;8s ;'/Iff sfo{ofhgf

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gkfn ;8s ;'/Iff sfo{ofhgf

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g]k fn ;/sf/

ef}lts of]hgf, lgdf{0f tyf oftfoft Joj:Yff dGqfno

g]k fn ;8s–;'/Iff sfo{of]h gf

df3 @)^( –;'

2 g]kfnsf] ;8s ;~hfn / ;jf/L ;fwg ;+V of _____________________________________________ 1

3 g]kfndf ;8s ;'/Iffsf] cj:yf _____________________________________________________ 3

4 g]kfnL ;8sx?df ;8s–;'/Iffsf d'2 fx? _______________________________________________ 7

5 ;dGjosf k|o f;x? ____________________________________________________________ 8

6 ;8s–;'/Iff /0fgLlt ____________________________________________________________ 8

6.1 /fli6«o ;8s–;'/ Iff kl/ifbsf] Kf|f/lDes ;+/rgf _________________________________________________ 9

6.2 sfo{–of]hgf sfof{Gjosf] Kf|ltkmn, hf]lvdx? __________________________________________________ 11

7 ;8s ;'/Iff sfo{ of]h gf ________________________________________________________ 19

7.1 :tDe !M ;8s ;'/Iff Joj:yfkg sf] nfuL lqmofsnfkM __________________________________________ 19

g]k fn ;/sf/, ef}lts of]hgf, lgdf{0f tyf oftfoft Joj:Yff dGqfno

;lDIfKt zAbx?sf] kl/efiff

g]k fn ;/sf/, ef}lts of]hgf, lgdf{0f tyf oftfoft Joj:Yff dGqfno

@)!! sf] d] dlxgfDff ljZjJofkL sfo{of]hgf

;8s ;8s :t/ -ls=dL_ hDdf

;fdl/s $,(%@ @,)^% #,*!* !)=*#%

:yfgLo @@,))) ls=dL= u|fdL0f ;8s #),)))

tflnsf @ n] g]kfndf btf{ ePsf

2 g]k fn ;/sf/, ef}lts of]hgf, lgdf{0f tyf oftfoft Joj:Yff dGqfno

tflnsf 2: g]k fndf ;jf/L ;fwgx?sf] btf{

cf=j= a; ld gL DffOqmf] 6 «s ,qm]g , sf/, Df f njfx 6 ]D kf] Df f ]6 / 6 «f S6 /, cGo s"n hDd f

3 g]k fn ;/sf/, ef}lts of]hgf, lgdf{0f tyf oftfoft Joj:Yff dGqfno

b]z sf ] lx;f an] I f ]q Lo:t/ lx;f an]

tflnsf # n] s] b]vfpF5 eg] g]kfnsf] k|lt !),)))

4 g]kfn ;/sf/, ef}lts of]hgf, lgdf{0f tyf oftfoft Joj:Yff dGqfno

Tfflnsf 4: g]k fnsf] ;=6«f=b'= tYofÍ, ljsf; If]qsf] cfwf/df

;8s b«f lk ms b'3 {6 gf b/

6 g]kfn ;/sf/, ef}lts of]hgf, lgdf{0f tyf oftfoft Joj:Yff dGqfno

4 g]k fnL ;8sx?df ;8s–;'/Iffsf

5 ;dGjosf k|o f;x? 6 ;8s–;'/Iff /0fgLlt

cfjZos lgb]{lzsf tyf l8hfOg :6fG88{df 6.2 sfo{–of]hgf sfof{Gjosf] Kf|ltkmn,

 of] k|yd /fli6«o sfo{–of]hgf ePsf]n] o;sf]

11 g]k fn ;/sf/, ef}lts of]hgf, lgdf{0f tyf oftfoft Joj:Yff dGqfno

Tfflnsf 5: sfo{of]hgf sfof{Gjogsf] k|ltkmn Pj+ hf]lvd

12 g]k fn ;/sf/, ef}lts of]hgf, lgdf{0f tyf oftfoft Joj:Yff dGqfno

v=@_ ;8s–;'/ Iff kl/If0f  l;kmfl/zx? sfof{Gjog  gLltnfO{ sfg"gL dfGotf

13 g]k fn ;/sf/, ef}lts of]hgf, lgdf{0f tyf oftfoft Joj:Yff dGqfno

14 g]kfn ;/sf/, ef}lts of]hgf, lgdf{0f tyf oftfoft Joj:Yff dGqfno

15 g]kfn ;/sf/, ef}lts of]hgf, lgdf{0f tyf oftfoft Joj:Yff dGqfno

3=^_ Rffns cg'dtL–kq cg'ejL rfnsx?sf]  cfjZos k|fjwfgx? ;dfj]z

16 g]kfn ;/sf/, ef}lts of]hgf, lgdf{0f tyf oftfoft Joj:Yff dGqfno

ª=@_ b'3{6gf kZrftsf]  b'3{6gfkZrft  tflndstf{sf] cefj .

17 g]kfn ;/sf/, ef}lts of]hgf, lgdf{0f tyf oftfoft Joj:Yff dGqfno

18 g]k fn ;/sf/, ef}lts of]hgf, lgdf{0f tyf oftfoft Joj:Yff dGqfno

Pp6f :jfoQ ;8s oftfoft k|flws/0f jgfpg]

;8s–;'/Iff / 6«flkms lg/Gt/ ;j} !*=*) #$=&) ()=%)

20 g]kfn ;/sf/, ef}lts of]hgf, lgdf{0f tyf oftfoft Joj:Yff dGqfno

k}bnofqL of]hgf lgb]{lzsf / r}q !^, /f=;=;'=k=,ef}=of]=lg= :yf=lj=d+= !@)=$

 ;8s–;'/ Iff ;DaGwL4

22 g]k fn ;/sf/, ef}lts of]hgf, lgdf{0f tyf oftfoft Joj:Yff dGqfno

ljleGg x:tIf]ksf/L dfu{ !%, ;a} /f=;=;'=k= k|= vr{

;a} k|sf/sf ;8sx?df lg/Gt/ ;a} /f=;=;'=k= ^#&=^) !@)%=() !%^&=@)

g]kfndf 6«flkms calming kf}if !^, ;=lj=, g]=;=jf]=, /f=;=;'=k= $#@=%

24 g]kfn ;/sf/, ef}lts of]hgf, lgdf{0f tyf oftfoft Joj:Yff dGqfno

;/f]sf/x?sf] nflu tflnd . lg/Gt/ ;a} of=Jo=lj= !*=*) $@=&) !@^=*)

;=lj=, ;8s tyf 6«flkms kf}if !^, /f=of]=cf=,ef}=of]=lg=o ;=lj= !&)=()

jog ug{ clgjfo{ ckgfpg'

ls|o fsnfk ;DkGg ;DalGwt ;dGjogsf/L cg'd fgLt jh]6 -? nfvdf_

k'l:tsf tof/ ug]{ . @)&@ :yf=lj=d+,:yf=

u}/ –;fdfl/s ;8sx?df kf}if !^, :yf=lj=d+=, :yf=lj=d+= !^!=!)

;fdl/s $,(%@ @,)^% #,! !)=*#%

;8s–;'/Iff / 6«flkms lg/Gt/ ;j} !=) #$=&) ()=%)

;/f]sf/x?sf] nflu tflnd . lg/Gt/ ;a} of=Jo=lj= !=) $@=&) !@^=*)

:s'na;sf] ;'/ Iffaf/] Baseline: of=Jo=lj=, of=Jo=lj= @= @= ^&=(

6«flkms k|x/Lsf] ;F:yfut kmfNu'g 6«f=k|=, 6«f=k= !# $$$ !!%