u}/ ;}lgs xjfO{ p8fg -l;len PlePzg_ P]g, @)!

%
nfndf]x/ ;b/ ldlt g]kfn /fhkqdf k|sflzt ldlt
@)!%.!@.#! @)!^.!.!)
;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g nfndf]x/ / k|sfzg ldlt
!= s]xL g]kfn sfg"g -;+zf]wg / k'gM Joj:yfkg_ P]g, @)@) @)@).!!.!^
@= u}/ ;}lgs xjfO{ p8fg -l;len PlePzg_
-klxnf] ;+zf]wg_ P]g, @)@# @)@#.%.@$
#= u}/ ;}lgs xjfO{ p8fg -l;len PlePzg_
-bf];|f] ;+zf]wg_ P]g, @)#) @)#).%.!%
$= u}/ ;}lgs xjfO{ p8fg -l;len PlePzg_
-t];|f] ;+zf]wg_ P]g, @)#$ @)#$.^.^
%= Gofo k|zf;g P]g, @)$* @)$*.@.!^
^= u}/ ;}lgs xjfO{ p8fg -l;len PlePzg_
-rf}yf] ;+zf]wg_ P]g, @)%# @)%#.*.%
k|df0fLs/0f / k|sfzg ldlt
&= s]xL g]kfn sfg"g ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)^# @)^#.^.@*
*= u0ftGq ;'b[9Ls/0f tyf s]xL g]kfn sfg'g
;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)^^ @)^^.!).&
(= s]xL g]kfn P]g ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)&@ @)&@.!!.!#

@)!% ;fnsf] P]g g+= @@


========
l;len PlePzgnfO{ lgolGqt / Jojl:yt ug{ ag]sf] P]g
xjfO{ oftfoftaf6 /fi6«nfO{ clwstd kmfObf k|fKt x'g] u/L l;len
PlePzgsf] ljsf;nfO{ k|f]T;fxg x'g] kl/l:ylt l;h{gf ug{ l;len PlePzgnfO{
lgolGqt / Jojl:yt u/L $zflGt / Joj:yf Pj+ ;j{;fwf/0f hgtfsf] ;'ljwf
sfod /fVg jf~5gLo ePsf]n], >L % dxf/fhflw/fhaf6 dlGqkl/ifb\sf] ;Nnfx
cg';f/ of] P]g agfO{ hf/L u/L aS;]sf] 5 .
!= ;+lIfKt gfd, lj:tf/ / k|f/De M -!_ o; P]gsf] gfd æu}/ ;}lgs xjfO{
p8fg -l;len PlePzg_ P]g, @)!%Æ /x]sf] 5 .


of] P]g ;+jt\ @)%% ;fn kf}if !^ ut] b]lv nfu" ePsf] . -g]kfn /fhkq ldlt @)%%.*.!$_

of] P]g ;+jt\ @)^% ;fn h]7 !% ut]b]lv nfu" ePsf] .

u0ftGq ;'b[9Ls/0f tyf s]xL g]kfn sfg'g ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)^^ åf/f lemlsPsf] .
$
s]xL g]kfn sfg'g -;+zf]wg / k'gM Joj:yfkg_ P]g, @)@) åf/f ;+zf]lwt .
15
 -@_ of] P]g g]kfn /fHoe/ nfu" x'g]5 / b]xfosf jfo'ofg /
JolQmx¿ pk/ klg nfu" x'g]5 M–
-s_ hxfF ;'s} /x]sf] eP tfklg g]kfnsf] k|To]s
gful/s /
-v_ hxfF ;'s} /x]sf] eP tfklg g]kfn  ======== df
/lhi6/ ul/Psf] k|To]s jfo'ofg / To;df /x]sf]
k|To]s JolQm .
-#_ of] P]g g]kfn ;/sf/n] g]kfn /fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sflzt
u/L tf]lslbPsf ldltb]lv k|f/De x'g]5 . @
@= kl/efiff M ljifo jf k|;+un] csf]{ cy{ gnfu]df o; P]gdf –
-s_ æjfo'ofgÆ eGgfn] xfjfsf] k|ltlqmofåf/f jfo'd08ndf
cfwfl/t x'g ;Sg] h'g;'s} oGq ;Demg' k5{ / of]
zAbn] ufFl;Psf jf gufFl;Psf a]n"g, xjfO{ hxfh,
r+uf, UnfO8/ / p8\g] oGqnfO{ ;d]t hgfpF5 .
-v_ æljdfg:ynÆ eGgfn] jfo'ofg k|:yfg ug]{ cf]x|fNg]
sfdsf] lgldQ k"/f jf cf+lzs ¿kdf k|of]u x'g] s'g}
lglZrt jf ;Lldt hn jf :yn If]q ;Demg' k5{ / ;f]
If]qdf /x]sf jf ;f] If]q;+u ;DalGwt ;a} ejg, 6x/f,
hxfh 8'+uf, 3f6 / c¿ Odf/tx¿nfO{ ;d]t
hgfpF5 .
-u_ æk}7f/LÆ eGgfn] g]kfn /fHo leq Nofpg] sfd ;Demg'
k5{ .
-3_ ælgsf;LÆ eGgfn] g]kfn /fHo aflx/ n}hfg] sfd
;Demg' k5{ .
@
-ª_ ælgwf{l/t ;LdfÆ eGgfn] g]kfn /fhkqdf k|sflzt
;"rgfåf/f g]kfn ;/sf/n] tf]lslbPsf] rf/
lsNnfleqsf] 7fpF jf If]qnfO{ ;Demg' k5{ .

-r_ æljdfg:yn If]qÆ eGgfn] ljdfg:yn jf xjfO{ p8fgsf]
;'/lIft ;~rfng tyf lgoGq0f ug]{ jf tT;DaGwL
cfjZos ;"rgf tyf hfgsf/L cfbfg k|bfg ug]{
sfdsf] lgldQ k|of]u x'g] s'g} oGq tyf ;Grf/ jf
p8\8og ;xfo -g]leu]zgn P8_ pks/0fx¿ h8fg


u0ftGq ;'b[9Ls/0f tyf s]xL g]kfn sfg'g ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)^^ åf/f lemlsPsf] .
@
@)!&.$.!# b]lv k|f/De -g]kfn /fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sflzt ldlt @)!&.$.!&_ .
@
u}/ ;}lgs xjfO{ p8fg -l;len PlePzg_ -;+zf]wg_ P]g, @)@# åf/f yk .

rf}yf] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .
16
 ePsf] jf gePsf] h'g;'s} :yfg, ejg, 6x/f, 6fj/,
hxfh, 8'Ëf / 3f6 ;Demg' k5{ .

-5_ æjfo';]jf ;~rfng ;+:yfÆ eGgfn] jfo'ofgåf/f ofq',
8fFs tyf dfn;fdfg cf];f/ k;f/ ug]{ lhDdf lnO{
xjfO{ oftfoft ;]jf ;~rfng ug]{ p2]Zon] :yflkt
;+:yfg, sDkgL, Ph]06, kmd{ jf JolQm ;Demg' k5{ .
-h_ æxjfO{ p8fg ;DaGwL k|lzIf0f ;+:yf -ˆnfOË :s"n_Æ
eGgfn] xjfO{ p8fg ;~rfng;+u ;DalGwt
k|fljlwsx¿nfO{ xjfO{ p8fg;DaGwL ljifodf tflnd
k|lzIf0f tyf o:t} cGo k|sf/sf] k|fljlws 1fg lbg]
lbnfpg] ;+:yf ;Demg' k5{ / ;f] zAbn] o:t} p2]Zon]
:yfkgf ePsf ˆnfOË SnjnfO{ ;d]t hgfpF5 .
+
#= lgod agfpg] clwsf/ M -!_ of] P]gsf] p2]Zo sfof{Gjog ug{ g]kfn
;/sf/n] cfjZos lgodx¿ agfpg ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ n] lbPsf] ;j{;fdfGotfdf k|lts"n c;/ gkg]{
u/L vf; u/L b]xfosf ljifodf lgodx¿ agfpg ;lsg]5 M–
-s_ g]kfn  ======== sf] s'g} :yfgdf ljdfg:yn
:yfkgf ug{ kfpg] cj:yf, ;f] sf] nflu cg'dlt
lbg] / b:t"/ tf]Sg] ;DaGwdf .
-v_ g]kfn  ======== sf] xjfO{ If]qsf] s'g} efudf
jfo'ofg p8fg k"0f{ ¿kdf dgfxL ug]{ jf s'g}
vf; cj:yfdf / ;dodf dfq p8fg ug{
kfpg] ;DaGwdf .
-u_ xjfO{ p8fgsf] ;Gbe{df ;j{;fwf/0fsf] hLp
Hofgsf] /Iffsf] nflu cfjZos s'g} pkfo
cjnDag ug]{ ;DaGwdf .
-3_ ljdfg:yn lgdf{0f tyf ;~rfng ug]{ ;Gbe{df
s;}sf] 3/, ejg, 6x/f, 6fj/ OToflb k"/} jf
s]xL eTsg] ePdf jf ljdfg:yn tyf
ljdfg:yn If]qsf] hUufdf x'g] s'g} lsl;dsf]
lgdf{0f sfo{nfO{ lgoldt, lgoGq0f jf lgif]w


rf}yf] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .
+
rf}yf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

u0ftGq ;'b[9Ls/0f tyf s]xL g]kfn sfg'g ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)^^ åf/f lemlsPsf] .

u0ftGq ;'b[9Ls/0f tyf s]xL g]kfn sfg'g ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)^^ åf/f lemlsPsf] .
17
 ubf{ kg{ hfg] xfgL gf]S;fgL jfktsf]
Ifltk"lt{sf] /sd lgwf{l/t ug]{ tl/sf tyf
clwsf/L tf]Sg] / Ifltk"lt{ lbg] ;DaGwdf .
-ª_ jfo'ofgåf/f s'g} kbfy{ cf];f/ k;f/ ug{ dgfxL,
lgoGq0f, lgif]w / lgoldt ug]{ ;DaGwdf .
-r_ jfo';]jf ;~rfng ;+:yf, xjfO{ p8fg;DaGwL
k|lzIf0f ;+:yf -ˆnfOË :s"n_ / jfo'ofg tyf
jfo'ofgsf] kf6{k"hf{sf] pTkfbg, dd{t tyf
k/LIf0f ;lxtsf lj:t[t dd{t -cf]e/xn_ ug]{
;+:yfnfO{ Ohfht lbg] ;DaGwdf .
-5_ jfo'ofgsf] vf]htnf; tyf p4f/ sfo{
;~rfng ug]{ ;DaGwdf .
-h_ jfo'ofgsf] cfjfh lgoGq0f ug]{ / jfo'ofg
;~rfngaf6 jftfj/0fnfO{ b'lift x'gaf6 /f]s
nufpg] ;DaGwdf .
$= ljz]if kl/l:yltdf cfb]]z hf/L ug]{ g]kfn ;/sf/sf] clwsf/ M -!_
;fj{hlgs ;'/Iff Pj+ zflGt ;'Joj:yfsf] lgldQ cfjZos b]v]df g]kfn
;/sf/n] g]kfn /fhkqdf k|sflzt cfb]zåf/f b]xfoadf]lhd ug{ ;S5 M–
-s_ +of] P]g jf k|rlnt sfg"gadf]lhd k|bfg
ul/Psf] ;a} jf s'g} nfO;]G; jf k|df0fkqnfO{
;f] cfb]zdf g]kfn ;/sf/n] cfjZos 7fgL s'g}
zt{ tf]lslbPsf] eP ;f]xL zt{ adf]lhd / s'g}
zt{ tf]ls glbPsf] eP ljgf s'g} zt{ /2 jf
:ylut ug{,
-v_ g]kfn /fHoe/ jf To;sf] s'g} efu dfly ;a}
jf s'g} >]0fLsf] jfo'ofg p8fpg] sfdnfO{ ;f]
cfb]zdf g]kfn ;/sf/n] cfjZos 7fgL s'g}
zt{ tf]lslbPsf] eP ;f]xL zt{adf]lhd / s'g}
zt{ tf]lsglbPsf] eP ljgf s'g} zt{ lgif]w ug{
jf ;f]xL cfb]zdf tf]lsPsf] cGo tl/sf
adf]lhd Jojl:yt ug{,
-u_ ljdfg:yn, jfo'ofg sf/vfgf, xjfO{:s"n jf
Snj jf jfo'ofg agfpg] jf dd{t x'g] jf
/flvg] c¿ k|sf/sf] :yfg agfpg] x]/rfx Pj+
cfjZos dd{t u/L b'?:t /fVg] jf k|of]u ug]{

+
rf}yf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

18
 sfdnfO{ s'g} zt{ /fvL jf g/fvL lgif]w ug{ jf
Jojl:yt ug{,
-3_ s'g} jfo'ofg jf s'g} >]0fLsf jfo'ofg jf s'g}
ljdfg:yn jfo'ofg sf/vfgf, xjfO{ :s"n jf
SnjnfO{ jf jfo'ofg agfpg], dd{t ug]{ jf
/fVg] c¿ k|sf/sf] :yfgnfO{ jfo'ofgsf]
;~rfng, pTkfbg, dd{t jf x]/rfxsf] lgldQ
k|of]u x'g] oGq, KnfG6 jf c¿ kbfy{x¿ ;lxt
t'?Gt jf ;f]xL cfb]zdf tf]lsPsf] ;doleq
tf]lsPsf] tl/sf adf]lhd tf]lsPsf] clwsf/Lsf
lhDdfdf ;'Dkg lgb]{zg lbg], To;/L ;'lDkPsf
s'/fxnfO{ g]kfn ;/sf/n] ;fj{hlgs ;]jfdf
k|of]u ug{ ;Sg] .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ sf] v08 -u_ jf -3_ cGtu{t lgsflnPsf]
s'g} cfb]zaf6 s'g} JolQmnfO{ k|ToIf ¿kaf6 s'g} xfgL jf gf]S;fgL x'g
uPdf g]kfn ;/sf/åf/f ;f] sfdsf] lgldQ lgo'Qm clwsf/Ln] lgwf{l/t
u/]sf] Ifltk"lt{sf] /sd ;f] xfgL jf gf]S;fgL jfkt lghnfO{ lbOg] 5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ cGtu{t lgsflnPsf] s'g} cfb]zsf]
kfngsf] nflu g]kfn ;/sf/n] cfkm"n] cfjZos 7fg]sf] sbd p7fpg
jf p7fpg nufpg ;S5 .
≤
-$_ s'g} JolQmn] pkbkmf -!_ cGtu{t lgsflnPsf] cfb]zsf]
kfng gu/]df jf To:tf] cfb]zsf] pNn+3g x'g] s'g} sfd sf/jfO{ u/]df
lghnfO{ tLg jif{;Dd s}b jf kfFr xhf/ ¿k}ofF;Dd hl/jfgf jf b'a}
;hfo x'g]5 .

$s= ljdfg:yn If]q 3f]if0ff ug]{ clwsf/ M -!_ g]kfn ;/sf/n] g]kfn
/fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sfzg u/L g]kfn ======== sf] s'g} If]q jf 7fpFnfO{
To;sf] rf/ lsNnf tf]sL ljdfg:yn If]q 3f]if0ff ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd 3f]if0ff ul/Psf] ljdfg:yn If]qsf]
;'/Iffsf] nflu g]kfn ;/sf/n] lgod agfO{ cfjZostfg';f/ ;'/Iff
k|aGwsf] Jj:yf ldnfpg ;Sg]5 .
%= b'3{6gfsf] hfFrsf] ;DaGwdf lgod agfpg] g]kfn ;/sf/sf] clwsf/ M
-!_ g]kfnsf] Onfsfdfly jfo'ofg p8fpFbf ePsf] jf g]kfn  =======

≤
bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

rf}yf] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .

u0ftGq ;'b[9Ls/0f tyf s]xL g]kfn sfg'g ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)^^ åf/f lemlsPsf] .
19
 leq /lhi6«]zg ePsf jfo'ofg cGoq p8fpFbf ePsf] b'3{6gfsf] hfFrsf]
;DaGwdf g]kfn ;/sf/n] lgod agfpg ;S5 . lgodx¿ g]kfn
/fhkqdf k|sflzt ePkl5 nfu" x'g]5g\ .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ n] lbPsf] clwsf/sf] ;j{;fdfGotfdf s'g}
k|lts"n k|efj gkf/L tL lgoddf b]xfosf s'/fx¿sf] Joj:yf ug{
;lsg]5 M–
-s_ b'3{6gfsf] ;"rgf lbg], To:tf] ;"rgfsf] 9fFrf /
To:tf] ;"rgf lbg] JolQm,
-v_ b'3{6gfsf] hfFr ug]{ ;DaGwdf tTsfn nfu"
/x]sf g]kfn sfg"gsf s'/fx¿ s]xL x]/km]/ eO{
jf geO{ To:tf] b'3{6gfsf] hfFr ug]{ ;DaGwdf
klg nfu" ug]{,
-u_ hfFr eO{ g;s];Dd To:tf] b'3{6gf ePsf]
jfo'ofgdf k|j]z ug{ jf xft xfNg dgfxL ug]{ /
To:tf] hfFrsf] lgldQ ;f] jfo'ofgdf k|j]z ug{,
To;sf] hfFr ug{, To;nfO{ x6fpg], To;sf]
lxkmfhtsf] nflu rflxg] sfd ug{ jf c¿
k|sf/af6 To;sf] Jojxf/ ug{ kfpg] clwsf/
s'g} JolQmnfO{ lbg] /
-3_ b'3{6gfsf] hfFrdf cfjZos b]lvP + of] P]g jf
k|rlnt sfg'g adf]lhd lbPsf] jf dfGotf
lbOPsf] nfO;]G; k|df0fkqnfO{ /2L jf :ylut
jf b/kL7 jf lkmtf{ a'emfpg nufpg], u/fpg]
jf u/fpg clwsf/ lbg] / To:tf] hfFrsf]
k|of]hgsf] lgldQ To:tf] s'g} nfO;]G; k]z ug{
nufpg] .
^= jfo'ofg /f]Ssf ug]{ clwsf/ M -!_ g]kfn ;/sf/åf/f ;f] sfdsf] lgldQ
clwsf/ kfPsf clwsf/Ln] b]xfosf] cj:yfdf s'g} jfo'ofgnfO{ /f]Ssf
ug{;S5 M–
-s_ ug{ nfu]sf] p8fgsf] k|s[ltsf] ljrf/n] ;f]
jfo'ofgsf] p8fgaf6 To;df /x]sf JolQm jf


u0ftGq ;'b[9Ls/0f tyf s]xL g]kfn sfg'g ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)^^ åf/f lemlsPsf] .

u0ftGq ;'b[9Ls/0f tyf s]xL g]kfn sfg'g ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)^^ åf/f lemlsPsf] .
+
rf}yf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

20
 c¿ s'g} JolQmsf] lgldQ jf s;}sf] hfoh]yfdf
vt/f x'g] z+sf nfu]df, jf
-v_ of] P]g jf ;f] jfo'ofgsf ;DaGwdf nfu" x'g]
lgodsf s'g} s'/fsf] kfngsf] nflu jf bkmf #
+
sf] pkbkmf -@_ sf] v08 -v_ cGtu{t ag]sf]
s'g} lgod pNn+3g /f]Sgsf] nflu cfjZos
nfu]df .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] clwsf/sf] k|of]usf] nflu
;xfos x'g] jf cfsl:ds ;a} sfd s'/fx¿ Jojl:yt ug{ g]kfn
;/sf/n] lgod agfpg ;S5 . tL lgod g]kfn /fhkqdf k|sflzt
ePkl5 nfu" x'g]5g\ .
&= ;fj{hlgs :jf:Yosf] /Iffsf] nflu lgod agfpg] g]kfn ;/sf/sf]
clwsf/ M s'g} ljdfg:yndf ePsf jf cfO{ k'u]sf jfo'ofgaf6 s'g}
;?jf /f]u km}nL ;fj{hlgs :jf:Yodf x'g] vt/faf6 arfpgsf] nflu /
ljdfg:ynaf6 k|:yfg ug]{ jfo'ofgn] To:tf] ;?jf /f]u cf];fg{ gkfpg]
ug{sf] nflu g]kfn ;/sf/n] lgod agfpg ;S5 . tL lgod g]kfn
/fhkqdf k|sflzt ePkl5 nfu" x'g]5g\ .
*= ;fj{hlgs :jf:Yosf] /Iffsf] nflu ljz]ifflwsf/ M -!_ g]kfn ;/sf/n]
g]kfn  ====== jf To;sf] s'g} efudf s'g} vt/gfs dxfdf/L /f]u
km}n]sf] 5 jf km}ng] ;Defjgf 5 / jfo'ofgaf6 To:tf] /f]u km}n] jf
k|j]z u/]af6 ;fj{hlgs :jf:Yodf x'g] vt/f /f]Sgsf] nflu tTsfn
nfu" /x]sf] c¿ g]kfn sfg"g kof{Kt 5}g eGg] cfˆgf] ljrf/df nfu]df
To:tf] vt/f /f]Sgsf] nflu cfkm"nfO{ cfjZos nfu]sf] sbd p7fpg
jf p7fpg nufpg ;S5 .
=
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ sf] p2]Zo k"lt{sf] nflu g]kfn ;/sf/n]
g]kfn /fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sflzt u/L cfjZos cfb]z hf/L ug{
;Sg]5 .
(= of] P]g cGtu{t ag]sf lgod pNn+3g ug]{nfO{ b08 ;hfo M bkmf #,
bkmf %, bkmf ^, bkmf & / bkmf * cGtu{t ag]sf s'g} lgod jf hf/L
/x]sf] cfb]z pNn+3g ug]{ JolQmnfO{ tLg dlxgf;Dd s}b jf + bz
xhf/ ¿k}ofF;Dd hl/jfgf jf b'a} ;hfoF x'g]5 .


u0ftGq ;'b[9Ls/0f tyf s]xL g]kfn sfg'g ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)^^ åf/f lemlsPsf] .
=
t];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

rf}yf] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .
+
rf}yf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .
21
E
(s= ck/fw / b08 ;hfo M -!_ b]xfo adf]lhdsf s'g} sfo{x¿ u/]df b]xfo
adf]lhdsf ck/fw u/]sf] dflgg]5 M–
-s_ cglws[t k|j]z ;DaGwL ck/fw M of] P]g jf
k|rlnt sfg'gadf]lhd cg'dlt k|fKt gu/L s'g}
jfo'ofg g]kfn  ====== leq k|j]z u/]df
cglws[t k|j]zsf] ck/fw u/]sf] dflgg] 5 .
-v_ xjfO{ If]q cltqmd0f ;DaGwL ck/fw M k|rlnt
sfg"g adf]lhd cg'dlt k|fKt gu/L s'g}
jfo'ofg g]kfn  ======= sf] e"–efudflyaf6
p8fg -cf]e/ˆnfO{ u/]df xjfO{ If]q
cltqmd0f;DaGwL ck/fw u/]sf] dflgg]5 .
-u_ jfo'ofgsf] u}/ sfg'gL sAhf / ckx/0fsf]
ck/fw M p8fgdf /x]sf jfo'ofgleq s;}n] u}/
sfg'gL ¿kn] an k|of]u u/L jf ;f] k|of]u ug]{
wDsL lbO{ jf c¿ s'g} k|sf/sf] 8/ qf; b]vfO{
jfo'ofgnfO{ sAhfdf lnPdf jf To; pk/
lgoGq0f u/]df jfo'ofgsf] u}/ sfg'gL sAhf /
ckx/0fsf] ck/fw u/]sf] dflgg]5 .
-3_ xjfO{ p8fgsf] ;'/Iff lj?4sf] ck/fw M b]xfo
adf]lhdsf s'g} sfo{x¿ u/]df xjfO{ p8fgsf]
;'/Iff lj?4sf] ck/fw u/]sf] dflgg]5 M–
-!_ p8fgdf /x]sf jfo'ofgleq s'g} JolQm
lj?4 lx+;fTds sfd sf/jfxL u/]df jf
To:tf] sfd sf/jfxLn] jfo'ofgsf] ;'/Iffdf
vt/f x'g] ;+efjgf ePdf,
-@_ ;]jfdf ;~rflnt jfo'ofgnfO{ gi6 u/]df
jf To:tf] jfo'ofgnfO{ p8fgsf] nflu
c;Ifd agfO{ jf p8fgdf To;sf] ;'/Iffdf
vt/f x'g] ;Defjgf kf/L Iflt kf/]df,
-#_ e"ld:y jfo'ofg jf jfo'ofgdf hl8t
kf6{k"hf{ jf pks/0f jf xjfO{ kl/jxg
;DaGwL ;'ljwfx¿ -km]l;lnl6h_ jf ;~rf/

E
bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

u0ftGq ;'b[9Ls/0f tyf s]xL g]kfn sfg'g ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)^^ åf/f lemlsPsf] .

u0ftGq ;'b[9Ls/0f tyf s]xL g]kfn sfg'g ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)^^ åf/f lemlsPsf] .
22
 p8\8og ;xfo pks/0f jf clUg lgjf/0f
jf hLjgf]4f/ ;]jf tyf ;'/Iff pks/0f jf
;f] ;DaGwL dfn;fdfg jf j:t' cflb gi6
u/]df jf Iflt k'¥ofPdf jf To;sf] s'g}
efu jf kf6{k"hf{ cglws[t tj/af6
lems]df jf ltgsf] ;~rfngdf x:tIf]k
u/]df,
-$_ c;To xf] eGg] hfgL hfgL s'g} ;"rgfsf]
;~rf/ u/L p8fgdf /x]sf] jfo'ofgsf]
;'/Iffdf vt/f k}bf u/]df .
-ª_ jfo'ofgsf] ;'/Iff lj?4sf] ck/fw M ;]jfdf
;~rflnt jf e"ld:y jfo'ofgdf h'g;'s}
pkfoåf/f s'g} ;fwg -8]efO;_ jf j:t' /fvL jf
/fVg nufPsf] sf/0fn] To:tf] ;fwg jf
j:t'af6 v08 -3_ sf] pkv08 -@_ adf]lhd ;f]
jfo'ofg gi6 jf p8fgsf] nflu c;Ifd x'g] jf
p8fgdf To;sf] ;'/Iffdf vt/f k'Ug] ;Defjgf
ePdf jfo'ofgsf] ;'/Iff lj?4sf] ck/fw u/]sf]
dflgg]5 .
-r_ ljdfg:yn ;'/Iff lj?4sf] ck/fw M ljdfg:yn
tyf ljdfg:yn If]qleq jf aflx/ /x]sf ;~rf/
tyf p8\8og ;xfo pks/0f, b[li6ut ;xfo -
leh'on P8\;_, df};d tyf hnjfo' ;DaGwL
pks/0f, cUgL lgjf/0f tyf hLjgf]4f/ ;]jf
;DaGwL oGq tyf pks/0f, ;'/Iff ;DaGwL cGo
pks/0f tyf oGq tyf xjfO{ p8fg;+u k|ToIf
jf ck|ToIf ¿kdf ;DalGwt cGo oGq,
pks/0f, ejg, wfjgdfu{, wfjgdfu{tkm{ hfg]
af6f] -6\ofS;L j], lj;fg -Pk|f]g_, jfo'ofg /fVg]
:yfg -XofË/_ cflb jf ;f] ;DaGwL dfn;fdfg
s'g} klg k|sf/n] k"0f{ jf cf+lzs ¿kdf ljuf/],
eTsfP, Iflt k'¥ofP jf gi6 u/]df ljdfg:yn
;'/Iff lj?4sf] ck/fw u/]sf] dflgg]5 .
-5_ xjfO{ oftfoft;+u ;DalGwt JolQmsf] ;'/Iff
lj?4sf] ck/fw M xjfO{ p8fg sfo{;+u
;DalGwt s'g} klg sd{rf/L, ljdfg:yndf
sfo{/t ;/sf/L jf u}/ ;/sf/L sd{rf/L, xjfO{
ofq' nufot ljdfg:yndf cfuGt's s'g} klg
JolQmnfO{ xft xltof/ lnO{ jf glnO{ 8/,
23
 wDsL, k|nf]eg jf c¿ s'g} tl/sf ckgfO{
ckx/0f u/L jf sAhfdf lnO{ cfˆgf] st{Joaf6
ljrlnt kf/L jf cGo s'g} lsl;daf6 xjfO{
p8fg ;~rfng tyf ;'/Iffdf vt/f jf afwf
pTkGg u/fpg] sfo{ u/]df xjfO{ oftfoft;+u
;DalGwt JolQmsf] ;'/Iff lj?4 ck/fw u/]sf]
dflgg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ sf] v08 -u_, -3_, -ª_, -r_ / -5_
adf]lhdsf] ck/fwsf] pBf]u ug'{, ;f] ck/fw ug{ jf ck/fwsf] pBf]u
ug{df dltof/ x'g' klg o; bkmf cGtu{tsf] ck/fw dflgg]5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ df plNnlvt b]xfosf] ck/fw ug]{nfO{
b]xfo adf]lhd ;hfoF x'g]5M–
-s_ v08 -s_ / -v_ adf]lhdsf] ck/fw ug]{nfO{
Ps jif{b]lv tLg jif{;Dd s}b x'g]5 .
-v_ v08 -u_, -3_ / -ª_ adf]lhdsf] ck/fw
ug]{nfO{ hGd s}b / To:tf] ck/fw ug{ pBf]u
ug]{ jf dltof/ x'g]nfO{ kGw|b]lv aL; jif{;Dd
s}b x'g]5 .
-u_ v08 -r_ adf]lhdsf] ck/fw ug]{af6 ePsf]
gf]S;fgL ljuf] e/fO{ lghnfO{ Ps jif{b]lv kfFr
jif{;Dd s}b x'g]5 .
-3_ v08 -5_ adf]lhdsf] ck/fw ug]{nfO{ kfFr
jif{b]lv bz jif{;Dd s}b x'g]5 .
-ª_ dflysf v08x¿df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP
tfklg To:tf] s'g} ck/fw u/]sf] kmn:j¿k
jfo'ofgdf /x]sf s'g} JolQmsf] d[To' ePdf jf
jfo'ofg g} Wj:t ePdf ck/fw ug]{nfO{ hGds}b
/ dltof/nfO{ hGds}b jf kGw| jif{b]lv aL;
jif{;Dd s}b x'g]5 / ck/fwL / dltof/sf]
;DklQ ;d]t hkmt x'g]5 .
D
(v= p8fgdf /x]sf] jf ;]jfdf ;Grflnt jfo'ofg M
-s_ ;a} rl9;s]/ ;a} aflx/L 9f]sfx¿ aGb u/]sf]
;dob]lv cf]n{gsf] lgldQ To:tf] s'g} 9f]sf
vf]Ng] ;do;Dd s'g} jfo'ofg p8fgdf /x]sf]
dflgg]5 .

D
bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .
24
 t/ ;+s6sfnLg cjt/0fsf xsdf clwsf/
k|fKt clwsf/Ln] jfo'ofg / To;df /x]sf] ofq' /
dfn;fdfgsf] pQ/bfloTj glnP;Dd ;f]
jfo'ofg p8fgsf] cj:yfdf g} /x]sf] dflgg]5 .
-v_ s'g} vf; p8fgsf] nflu e"ld:y sd{rf/L
-u|fp08_ k/zf]g]n jf rfns bnåf/f
jfo'ofgsf] p8fg k"j{sf] t}of/L k|f/De u/]b]lv
cjt/0f u/]sf] rf}aL; 306f;Dd s'g} jfo'ofg
;]jfdf ;~rflnt /x]sf] dflgg]5 . To:tf]
;]jfdf ;~rflnt cjlw h'g;'s} cj:yfdf klg
v08 -s_ adf]lhdsf] p8fg cjlwe/ klg
sfod /x]sf] dflgg]5 .
D
(u= bkmf (s= nfu" x'g] cj:yf M b]xfosf] cj:yfdf bkmf (s= sf] Joj:yf
nfu" x'g]5M–
-!_ cGt/f{li6«o jf cfGtl/s h'g;'s} p8fgdf jfo'ofg pkof]u -
Pgu]h_ ePsf]df,
t/, g]kfn afx]s cGo /fi6«df btf{ ePsf] jfo'ofgsf xsdf
b]xfosf] cj:yf x'g' k5{ M–
-s_ p8fg ug]{ jf cjt/0f ug]{ jf:tljs jf OlR5t
:yfg btf{sf] /fi6« aflx/ eP jf,
-v_ btf{sf] /fi6«eGbf aflx/ ck/fw eP .
-@_ xjfO{ kl/jxg ;DaGwL ;'ljwf -km]l;lnl6h_ lj?4sf] ck/fw
ePsf]df . t/ ljb]zL /fi6« l:yt To:tf] ;'ljwf -km]l;lnl6h_ eP
To:tf] ;'ljwf cGt/f{li6«o p8fgsf] nflu k|of]u ul/Psf] x'g' k5{ .

D
(3= clwsf/ If]q M = -!_ b]xfosf] s'g} cj:yfdf bkmf (s= cGtu{tsf] ck/fw
pk/ g]kfn  =======sf] cbfntsf] clwsf/ If]q x'g]5 M–
-s_ g]kfn  ======= leq o; P]g adf]lhdsf] ck/fw
ePsf]df,

D
bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .
D
bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .
=
t];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

u0ftGq ;'b[9Ls/0f tyf s]xL g]kfn sfg'g ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)^^ åf/f lemlsPsf] .

u0ftGq ;'b[9Ls/0f tyf s]xL g]kfn sfg'g ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)^^ åf/f lemlsPsf] .
25
 g]kfn  ======= df btf{ ePsf] jfo'ofgdf jf
-v_
;f] lj?4 ck/fw ePsf]df,
-u_ jfo'ofgleq ck/fw ePsf]df ;f] ck/fwsf]
cleo'Qm ;lxt jfo'ofg g]kfn  ======= leq
cjt/0f u/]sf]df,
-3_ g]kfn  ======= leq sf/f]af/sf] d'Vo :yfg
ePsf] jf g]kfn  ======= leq To:tf] d'Vo
:yfg gePsf]df klg g]kfn  ======= leq
jf;:yfg ePsf] JolQmnfO{ rfns ljlxgk§f -
8«fOlnh_ df lbPsf] jfo'ofgdf jf To;sf] lj?4
ck/fw ePsf]df .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ df n]lvPsf] cj:yf afx]s bkmf (s=
cGtu{tsf] ck/fw cGoq hxfF;'s} ePklg olb To:tf] ck/fwsf]
cleo'Qm g]kfn  ======= leq 5 eg] / To:tf] cleo'QmnfO{ of] P]g jf
g]kfn kIf ePsf] ;'k'b{uL ;lGw adf]lhd ;'kb{uL ul/+b}g eg] .
D
(ª= lu/ˆtf/ ug]{ clwsf/ M -!_ bkmf (s= cGtu{tsf] ck/fw ePdf jf x'g
nfu]df ck/fwL jf cleo'QmnfO{ ljdfg:ynsf] clwsf/Lx¿, jfo'ofgsf
rfnsx¿ jf ;DalGwt xjfO{ oftfoft ;]jfsf clwsf/Lx¿n] ck/fw
ePsf] jf x'g nfu]sf] b]Vg] jf ck/fwL jf cleo'Qm of] JolQm xf] eGg]
ljZjf; lng] sf/0f eO{ ljZjf; lng] h'g;'s} JolQm, k|x/L jf g]kfnL
;]gfsf hjfg jf ;'/Iff clwsf/L jf hf];'s}n] kqmfp ug{ ;Sg]5 /
lghx¿n] kqmfp u/]kl5 t'?Gt k|x/LnfO{ a'emfO{ lbg' k5{ .
t/ To:tf] ck/fwL jf cleo'QmnfO{ kqmfp ubf{ ofq' jf cGo
JolQmx¿sf] hLjgsf] vt/f x'g] ePdf jf jfo'ofg jf xjfO{ kl/jxg


u0ftGq ;'b[9Ls/0f tyf s]xL g]kfn sfg'g ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)^^ åf/f lemlsPsf] .

u0ftGq ;'b[9Ls/0f tyf s]xL g]kfn sfg'g ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)^^ åf/f lemlsPsf] .

u0ftGq ;'b[9Ls/0f tyf s]xL g]kfn sfg'g ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)^^ åf/f lemlsPsf] .

u0ftGq ;'b[9Ls/0f tyf s]xL g]kfn sfg'g ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)^^ åf/f lemlsPsf] .

u0ftGq ;'b[9Ls/0f tyf s]xL g]kfn sfg'g ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)^^ åf/f lemlsPsf] .

u0ftGq ;'b[9Ls/0f tyf s]xL g]kfn sfg'g ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)^^ åf/f lemlsPsf] .
D
bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .

u0ftGq ;'b[9Ls/0f tyf s]xL g]kfn sfg'g ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)^^ åf/f ;+zf]lwt .
26
 ;'ljwf -km]l;lnl6h_ df 7"nf] Iflt k'Ug] cf;Gg l:ylt ePdf k|x/L /
;'/Iff clwsf/L afx]s c¿n] eP k|x/L jf ;'/Iff clwsf/Lsf] cg'dltn]
dfq kqmfp ug]{ sf/jfxL ug{' kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd ljdfg:ynsf] clwsf/Lx¿, k|x/L,
;'/Iff clwsf/Lx¿n] kqmfp ug{ ;z:q k|x/L, ;'/Iff clwsf/L /

g]kfnL ;]gf jf cGo ;/sf/L / u}/ ;/sf/L JolQmsf] d2t dfUg
;Sg]5 / To:tf] d2t dfu]df d2t lbg' To:tf ;a}sf] st{Jo x'g]5 .
-#_ o; bkmf adf]lhd kqmfp k/]sf] ck/fwL jf cleo'Qm olb
ljb]zL /fi6«sf] gful/s eP lghnfO{ cfˆgf] d'n'ssf] glhssf] pko'Qm
k|ltlglw;+u ;Dks{ :yflkt ug]{ df}sf / ;xof]u lbg' kg]{5 / ;fy}
To:tf] kqmfpsf] va/ / cGo k|f/lDes hfFra'em u/L ;s]kl5 To:tf]
hfFra'emsf] 7x/ / o; P]gsf] clwsf/ If]q k|of]u ug]{ jf gug]{ af/]
;d]tsf] hfgsf/L ;DalGwt /fi6«x¿nfO{ lbg' k5{ .
D
(r= ck/fwL jf cleo'QmnfO{ ;'k'b{uL ug{ ;Sg] M -!_ bkmf (s= adf]lhdsf]
ck/fw ug]{ JolQm u}/ g]kfnL gful/s eP / To:tf] JolQmsf] ;'k'b{uLsf]
nflu cfˆgf] If]qdf jf cfˆgf] btf{sf] jfo'ofg lj?4 ck/fw ePsf]
/fi6«n] dfu u/]df + ;'k'b{uL P]g, @)$% df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf]
ePtfklg To:tf] JolQmnfO{ g]kfn ;/sf/n] ;'k'b{uL ug{ ;Sg]5 . /
To;/L ;'k'b{uL gul/Psf] cj:yfdf To:tf] JolQmnfO{ ;hfoF u/fpg
g]kfnsf] cbfntdf d'2f rnfOg]5 .
-@_ ;'k'b{uL ug]{ ;DaGwdf bkmf (s= cGtu{tsf] s'g}
ck/fwnfO{ h'g;'s} l:yltsf] JolQmaf6 h'g;'s} p2]Zon] eP u/]sf] eP
klg /fhg}lts ck/fw dflgg]5}g .
D
(5= jfo'ofgsf] sAhf lkmtf{ lbg] / p8fg ug{ lbg] M + bkmf (s= sf]
pkbkmf -!_ sf] v08 -u_ cGtu{t u}/ sfg'gL sAhf jf ckx/0f eO{
s'g} jfo'ofg g]kfn  ======= sf] s'g} xjfO{ c8\8f jf :yfgdf cjt/0f
ePdf To:tf] jfo'ofg pk/ sfg'gL clwsf/ ePsf sdf08/ jf xjfO{
oftfoft ;]jfsf clwsf/LnfO{ k'gM sAhfdf lbnfOg]5 / oyf;Dej
rfF8} To:tf] jfo'ofgnfO{ cfˆgf] rfns, ofq' / dfn;fdfg ;lxt

u0ftGq ;'b[9Ls/0f tyf s]xL g]kfn sfg'g ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)^^ åf/f ;+zf]lwt .
D
bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .
+
rf}yf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .
D
bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .
+
rf}yf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

u0ftGq ;'b[9Ls/0f tyf s]xL g]kfn sfg'g ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)^^ åf/f lemlsPsf] .
27
 hxfFaf6 p8fg u/L cfPsf] xf] To; 7fpFdf jf hxfFsf] nflu p8fg
ul/Psf] lyof] To; 7fpFdf hfg ljgf s'g} cj/f]w p8fg ug{ lbOg]5 .
D
(h= cGo g]kfn sfg"g cGtu{tsf] clwsf/ If]q M bkmf (s= cGtu{tsf
ck/fwsf] ;hfoF / sf/jfxLsf] xsdf o; P]gdf h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf]
eP tfklg To:tf] k|rlnt sfg"gaf6 k|fKt kmf}hbf/L clwsf/ If]qsf]
k|of]unfO{ afx]s jf ;Lldt u/]sf] dflgg] 5}g .
D
(em= xjfO{ ;]jfdf cglws[t x:tIf]k /f]syfd ug]{ ;DaGwL dxf;lGwsf]
dfGotf M -!_ g]kfn ;/sf/n] b]xfosf] s'g} dxf;lGw -sGe]Gzg_ sf]
kIf ePdf To:tf] dxf;lGw, ;f] dxf;lGw g]kfn  ======= df nfu" x'g]
ldlt / To:tf] dxf;lGwnfO{ sfof{Gjog ug]{ l;nl;nfdf cfjZos kg]{
cGo s'/fx¿ ;d]t pNn]v u/L g]kfn ;/sf/n] cfb]z hf/L ug{ ;Sg]5
/ To:tf] cfb]z g]kfn /fhkqdf k|sflzt ul/g]5 M–
-s_ ;g\ !(^# df 6f]lsof]df ;DkGg ePsf]
jfo'ofgleq u/]sf] s;"/ / cGo sfo{ ;DaGwL
dxf;lGw -sGe]Gzg cg ckm]G;]h P08 ;6]{g
cb/ PS6\; sld6]8 cg af]8{ Po/qmfˆ6,
6f]lsof], !(^#_,
-v_ ;g\ !(&) df x]udf ;DkGg ePsf] jfo'ofgsf]
u}/ sfg'gL sAhfsf] bdg ;DaGwL dxf;lGw -
sGe]Gzg km/ b ;k|]zg ckm cgnkm"n l;h/
ckm Po/qmfˆ6 x]u, !(&)_,
-u_ ;g\ !(&! df dlG6«ondf ;DkGg ePsf] u}/
;}lgs xjfO{ p8fgsf] ;'/Iffsf] lj?4 ul/g] u}/
sfg'gL sf/jfxLsf] bdg ;DaGwL dxf;lGw -
sGe]G;g km/ b ;k|]zg ckm cgnkm"n PS6\;
cu]g:6 b ;]ˆ6L ckm l;len PlePzg,
dlG6«on, !(&!_

-3_ g]kfn ;/sf/n] g]kfn /fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sfzg
u/L tf]s]sf cGo dxf;lGw -sGe]G;g_ .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd hf/L ul/Psf] cfb]z o;} P]gdf k/]
;/x dflgg]5 .

D
bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .
D
bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .

u0ftGq ;'b[9Ls/0f tyf s]xL g]kfn sfg'g ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)^^ åf/f lemlsPsf] .

rf}yf] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .
28
+
!)=vt/fhgs tl/sfaf6 jfo'ofg p8fpg]nfO{ b08 ;hfo M -!_ hn,
:yn jf xjfO{ If]qdf /x]sf] s'g} JolQmsf] hLp Hofg jf ;DklQdf xfgL
gf]S;fgL x'g] lsl;dn] jf p8fgdf /x]sf] jf g/x]sf] cGo s'g}
jfo'ofgnfO{ ;d]t afwf k'Ug] jf xfgL gf]S;fgL k'Ug ;Sg] lsl;daf6
s;}n] vt/fhgs tl/sfaf6 jfo'ofg p8fPdf lghnfO{ 5 dlxgf;Dd
s}b / krf; xhf/b]lv Psnfv ¿k}of;Dd hl/jfgf x'g]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd vt/fhgs tl/sfaf6 jfo'ofg
p8fPsf] sf/0faf6 bkmf (s= sf] pkbkmf -#_ sf] v08 -ª_ adf]lhd
s;}sf] d'To' ePdf jf jfo'ofg Wj:t ePdf ;f]xL v08df n]lvP
adf]lhdsf] ;hfoF x'g]5 .
D
!)s= lglif4 If]qdf Ohfht glnO{ k|j]z ug]{nfO{ ;hfo M -!_ g]kfn ;/sf/n]
g]kfn /fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sflzt u/L ;f]xL ;"rgfdf tf]lsPsf] s'g}
ljdfg:ynsf] tf]lsPsf] If]qnfO{ lglif4 If]q 3f]lift ug{ ;Sg]5 /
To;/L 3f]lift ePkl5 ;f] lglif4 If]qsf] jl/kl/ ;j{;fwf/0fsf]
cfjfudg x'g] d'Vo d'Vo 7fpFdf To:tf] ;"rgf k|bz{g u/L /fVg]
lhDd]jf/L ;DalGwt ljdfg:ynsf] k|d'v clwsf/L x'g]5 .
-@_ ;DalGwt ljdfg:ynsf] k|d'v clwsf/Lsf] Ohfht
k|fKt gu/L s'g} JolQmn] pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] lglif4 If]qleq k|j]z
ug{ x'Fb}g .
t/ ;DalGwt ljdfg:ynsf] k|d'v clwsf/Ln] plrt
7x/fO{ s'g} ;dodf s]xL cjlwsf] nflu To:tf] If]qleq ;j{;fwf/0fnfO{
cfjfudg ug{ lbg] u/L ;"rgf k|bz{g u/]sf] eP o; pkbkmfsf]
k|of]hgsf] nflu ;f] ;dodf To:tf] lglif4If]qleq k|j]z ug{ Ohfht
k|fKt ePsf] dflgg]5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ sf] ljkl/t lglif4 If]qleq k|j]z ug]{
JolQmnfO{ ;DalGwt ljdfg:ynsf] k|d'v clwsf/Lsf] cfb]zn] b'O{;o
¿k}ofF;Dd hl/jfgf x'g ;Sg]5 .
D
!)v=ofq' jf c¿ s'g} JolQmsf] z/L/ jf dfn;fdfgsf] vfgtnf;L lng] M -!_
bkmf (s= cGtu{tsf ck/fw x'gaf6 arfp ug{sf] nflu s'g}
ljdfg:ynsf] k|d'v clwsf/L jf ;f] sfdsf] nflu clVtof/ k|fKt
sd{rf/L jf k|x/L jf ;'/Iff clwsf/Ln] p8fgsf] nflu t}of/ ePsf] s'g}
jfo'ofgdf r9\g' cufl8 jf r9L ;s]kl5 ofq'x¿sf z/L/ / ltgsf

+
rf}yf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .
D
bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .
D
bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .

29
dfg;fdfgsf] vfgtnf;L lng ;Sg]5 / To:tf] vfgtnf;L ln+bf s'g}
a}1flgs ;fwg / pks/0fsf] klg k|of]u ug{ ;lsg]5 . o:tf]
vfgtnf;L ;f] jfo'ofgsf] rfnsx¿ / ;f] p8fgsf] Joj:yf ug]{
k|of]hgsf] nflu jfo'ofgdf r9\g] jf ;f] 5]p hfg] ;f] xjfO{ oftfoft
;]jfsf clwsf/Lx¿ nufot ;a} sfdbf/x¿sf] klg ug{ ;lsg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd vfgtnf;L u/fpgaf6 OGsf/ ug]{
ofq' jf JolQmnfO{ ;f] jfo'ofgdf r9\g jf ;f] 5]p hfg glbg
;lsg]5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd ofq'x¿ / rfnsx¿sf] vfgtnf;L
ubf{ s'g} aGb's -;a} k|sf/sf] ;SsnL aGb's h:tf] b]lvg] jf e|d kg]{
gSsnL aGb"s, aGb"s afx]s cGo 3fts xltof/ -t/jf/, v's'/L, 5'/f
nufot_ jf ljikmf]6s kbfy{ -ad, lu|g]8, uf]nL, af¿b nufot_ a/fdb
ePdf b]xfo adf]lhd ug'{k5{M–
-s_ To:tf] aGb's jf ljikmf]6s kbfy{ cj}w eP ;f] ofq'
jf JolQmnfO{ /f]sL sfg"gL sf/jfxLsf] nflu k|x/L
lhDdf nufO{ lbg] .
-v_ o:tf] aGb's gSsnL aGb's, cGo 3fts xltof/ jf
laikmf]6s kbfy{ cj}w geP klg ;f]wk"5 ubf{ klg
hfgsf/L glbO{ n'sfO{ l5kfO{ /fVg] jf nUg] k|oTg
u/]sf]df ljdfg:ynsf] k|d'v clwsf/L jf ;f]
sfdsf] nflu clVtof/ k|fKt sd{rf/L jf k|x/L jf
;'/Iff clwsf/Ln] plrt 7x/fP adf]lhd ;f]
;SsnL jf gSsnL aGb's, 3fts xltof/ jf
laikmf]6s kbfy{nfO{ jfo'ofgsf] k|d'v rfns
-sdf08/_ lhDdf nufO{ k7fpg jf To;nfO{ /f]sL
;f] ofq' jf rfnsnfO{ dfq hfg lbg jf ;f] ofq'
jf rfnsnfO{ ;d]t /f]sL cfjZos hfFra'em u/L
s'g} ck/flws dg;fo gb]lvPsf] s'/fdf cfkm"
;Gt'i6 ePdf dfq ;f] ofq' jf rfnsnfO{ hfg jf
;f] aGb's xltof/ ljikmf]6s kbfy{ n}hfg lbg]5 .
-$_ s'g} JolQmn] bkmf (s= cGtu{tsf] jf cGo k|rlnt g]kfn
sfg'g cGtu{tsf] kmf}Hbf/L ck/fw ug]{ x]t'n] s'g} k|sf/sf] aGb's,
gSsnL aGb's, 3fts xltof/ jf ljikmf]6s kbfy{ lnO{ ljdfg:yn jf
To;sf] s'g} lglif4 If]qleq k|j]z u/]sf] 5 jf ug{ nfu]sf] 5 eGg]
hfgsf/L k|fKt ePdf jf z+sf ug'{ kg]{ sf/0f ePdf ljdfg:ynsf]
k|d'v clwsf/L jf lghaf6 To; sfdsf] nflu clVtof/ k|fKt sd{rf/L
jf ;'/Iff clwsf/L jf ljdfg:ynsf] ;'/Iffsf] nflu t}gfy ul/Psf]
k|x/L jf ;}lgs clwsf/Ln] ljgf jf/]06 To:tf JolQmsf] z/L/ / lghsf]
;fydf /x]sf] dfn;fdfgsf] vfgtnf;L lng ;Sg]5 / To:tf] aGb's,
30
 cGo xltof/ jf ljikmf]6s kbfy{ a/fdb ePdf cfjZos hfFra'em u/L
sf/jfxL ug{ k|x/L lhDdf nufO{ lbg]5 .
-%_ cfˆgf] st{Jo kfngsf] l;nl;nfdf s'g} sd{rf/Ln] c;n
lgotn] s;}nfO{ of] bkmf adf]lhd jfo'ofgdf r9\g jf ;f] 5]p jf
ljdfg:ynsf] s'g} lglif4 If]qdf s;}nfO{ hfg glb+bf jf /f]Sbf
jfo'ofgsf] p8fg ;dodf l9nfO{ ePdf jf s'g} Iflt ePdf klg
To;sf] nflu ;f] sd{rf/Lsf] s;}k|lt s'g} sfg'gL bfloTj x'g] 5}g .
X
:ki6Ls/0f M o; bkmfsf] k|of]hgsf] nflu ærfnsx¿Æ
eGgfn] ˆnfO6 OlGhlgo/, /]l8of] clkm;/, ˆnfO6 g]leu]6/, Po/
xf]:6]h, s]ljg P6]08]06 / k;{/nfO{ ;d]t hgfpg]5 .
!!= ck/fw ug{ b'?T;fxg ug]{ / k|oTg ug]{nfO{ b08 ;hfoF M s'g} JolQmn]
of] P]g jf o; P]g cGtu{t ag]sf lgod cGtu{t  lgwf{l/t xjfO{
;'/Iff ;DaGwL Joj:yf tyf cGo s'/f pNn+3g u/L ;hfoF x'g] ck/fw
ug{ c¿nfO{ b'?T;fxg u/]df jf To:tf] ck/fw ug{ k|oTg u/L ck/fw
x'g] lsl;dsf] s'g} sfo{ u/]df lghnfO{ ;f] ck/fw u/] jfkt x'g] ;/x
s} b08 ;hfoF x'g]5 .

!@= d'2f x]g]{ clwsf/L / d'2fsf] sf/jfO{ M -!_ o; P]g cGtu{tsf] d'2fsf]
z'? sf/jfxL / lsgf/f ug]{ clwsf/ :yfgLo lhNnf cbfntnfO{ x'g]5 .
-@_ d'2fsf] lsgf/f nufpFbf lhNnf cbfntn] bkmf # sf]
pkbkmf -@_ sf] + v08 -v_ jf -ª_ sf] ;DaGwdf ag]sf] lgod
adf]lhdsf] s;"/ / bkmf $ sf] pkbkmf -!_ sf] cfb]z alv{nfk u/]sf]
s;"/l;t ;DalGwt jfo'ofg jf kbfy{ jf b'a} hkmt u/L g]kfn ;/sf/
nfUg] u/L cfb]z lbg ;Sg]5 .
-#_ bkmf (s= cGtu{tsf] s;"/ ;DaGwL d'2fsf] sf/jfxL /
lsgf/f ubf{ lhNnf cbfntn] ljz]if cbfnt P]g, @)%( adf]lhdsf]
sfo{ k|0ffnL ckgfpg]5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -!_ jf -@_ adf]lhd lhNnf cbfntn] u/]sf]
lg0f{o pk/ k}tL; lbgleq pRr cbfntdf k'g/fj]bg nfUg]5 .
D
!@s=  ===

X
t];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .

rf}yf] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .

bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .
+
rf}yf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

s]xL g]kfn P]g ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)&@ åf/f ;+zf]lwt .
D
bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .
31
!#= eG;f/ ;DaGwL g]kfn sfg"g nfu" ug]{ clwsf/ M g]kfn ;/sf/n] g]kfn
/fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sflzt u/L dfn;fdfgsf] lgsf;L / k}7f/L ;DaGwL
k|rlnt g]kfn sfg'gsf ;a} jf s]xL s'/f ;f]xL ;"rgfdf tf]lsP
adf]lhd ;+zf]lwt ¿kdf xjfO{ dfu{åf/f x'g] dfn;fdfgx¿sf] lgsf;L
k}7f/Lsf ;DaGwdf klg nfu" ug{ ;S5 .
!$= s]xL gflnz ph"/Lx¿sf] ;DaGwdf k||ltaGw M s'g} JolQmn] hldgdfly
s'g} prfO{df s;}sf] hfoh]yf dflyaf6 s'g} jfo'ofgsf] p8fg u/]sf]df
atf;, df};d / c¿ kl/l:yltsf] ljrf/n] To:tf] p8fg ug'{ dgfl;j
/x]5 eg] o:tf] p8fg u/]sf] sf/0fn] jf To:tf] p8fgaf6 ePsf]
;fwf/0f b'3{6gfsf] sf/0fn] dfq lghn] csf{sf] hfoh]yfdf cgflwsf/
k|j]z u¥of] jf s;}nfO{ k|ToIf jf ck|ToIf ¿kaf6 xfgL gf]S;fgL u¥of]
egL s'g} b]jfgL d'2f rNg ;Sb}g .
D
!$s= g]kfn ;/sf/ jfbL x'g] M bkmf (s= cGtu{tsf] d'2fdf g]kfn ;/sf/
jfbL x'g]5 .

!$v= 5'6 lbg ;Sg] M k|rlnt sfg"gdf h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg s'g}
;}lgs xjfO{ p8fg bnsf] ;b:otf k|fKt u/]sf] jf u}/ ;}lgs xjfO{
p8fgdf ;/sf/L dfGotf k|fKt p8fg ;DaGwL cg'ej / k|fljlws 1fg
ePsf] jf g]kfn ;/sf/n] tf]s]sf] s'g} ljz]if k/LIff pQL0f{ ePsf] s'g}
JolQmsf] ;DaGwdf g]kfn ;/sf/n] lghsf] k|fljlws 1fg / Ifdtfsf]
;d]t ljrf/ u/L xjfO{ ;]jf ;~rfng ;DaGwL Ohfht kq, sfo{
Ifdtfsf] :t/Ls/0f -/]l6Ë_ jf cGo k|df0fkqsf] nflu rflxg]
of]Uotfx¿dWo] s]xL of]Uotfx¿df tf]lsP adf]lhd 5'6 lbg ;Sg]5 .

!$u= clwsf/ ;'DkGg ;Sg] M -!_ of] P]g / o; P]g cGtu{t ag]sf
lgodadf]lhd g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ k|fKt clwsf/ g]kfn ;/sf/n] g]kfn
/fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sflzt u/L s'g} lgsfo jf clwsf/Ln] k|of]u ug{
kfpg] u/L ;'Dkg ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd clwsf/ ;'Dkbf To:tf] clwsf/
k|of]u ubf{ kfng ug'{ kg]{ zt{ aGb]h ;d]t tf]Sg ;Sg]5 .
!%= ;b\efjgfn] u/]sf]df arfp M of] P]g cGtu{t u/]sf] egL ;DemL
;b\efjgfn] u/]sf] s'g} sfdsf] lgldQ s'g} JolQm pk/ gflnz ph"/L
nfUg jf c¿ s'g} sfg"gL sf/jfxL rNg ;Sb}g .


u0ftGq ;'b[9Ls/0f tyf s]xL g]kfn sfg'g ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)^^ åf/f vf/]h .
D
bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .

rf}yf] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .

rf}yf] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .
32
≤
!^= P]g nfu" gx'g] M B ========================g]kfn ;/sf/ jf g]kfnL ;]gfsf]
jfo'ofgsf] ;DaGwdf of] P]g jf o; P]g cGtu{t ag]sf] lgod jf
lgsflnPsf] s'g} cfb]zsf] s'g} s'/f nfu" x'g]5}g .
b|i6Jo M -!_ u}/;}lgs xjfO p8fg -l;len PleP;g_ -bf];|f] ;+zf]wg_ P]g,
@)#) åf/f yk ePsf bkmf M (s, (v, (u, (3, (ª, (r,
(5, (h, / (em, bkmfx? g]kfn /fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sflzt
u/L tf]lsPsf] ldltb]lv nfu" x'g] elgPsf]df ldlt @)$#.!.@%
sf] g]kfn /fhkqdf k|sflzt ;"rgf cg';f/ ;f]xL ldlt b]lv
k|f/De ePsf] .
-@_ u}/;}lgs xjfO p8fg -l;len PleP;g_ -t];|f] ;+zf]wg_ P]g,
@)#$ åf/f ?kfGt/ ePsf zJbx? M ænfO;]G;Æ sf ;§f
æcg'dltkqÆ .
-#_ u}/;}lgs xjfO p8fg -l;len PleP;g_ -rf}yf] ;+zf]wg_ P]g,
@)%# åf/f ?kfGt/ ePsf zJbx? M
-s_ æxjfO c•fÆ sf] ;§f æljdfg:ynÆ .
-v_ bkmf (em= sf] 7fpF 7fpFdf /x]sf] æ;Demf}tfÆ /
æcGt/f{li6«o ;+emf}tfÆ sf] ;§f ædxf;GwLÆ .
-$_ ljz]if cbfnt P]g, @)%( åf/f ?kfGt/ ePsf zJbx? M
æljz]if cbfnt P]g, @)#!Æ sf] ;§f æljif]z cbfnt
P]g, @)%(Æ .
-%_ ;}lgs P]g, @)^# åf/f ?kfGt/ ePsf zJbx? M
æzfxL g]kfn ;]gfÆ sf] ;§f æg]kfnL ;]gfÆ .
-^_ s]xL g]kfn sfg'g ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)^# åf/f ¿kfGt/0f
ePsf zJbx? M æ>L % ;/sf/Æ sf] ;§f æg]kfn ;/sf/Æ .

≤
bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .
B
s]xL g]kfn sfg'g ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)^# åf/f lemlsPsf] .
33