www.lawcommission.gov.

np

/fli6«o lgs'~h tyf jGohGt' ;+/If0f P]g, @)@(

nfndf]x/ / k|sfzg ldlt
@)@(.!!.@*
;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g
!= /fli6«o lgs'~h tyf jGohGt' ;+/If0f -klxnf] ;+zf]wg_ P]g, @)#! @)#!.^.@)
@= /fli6«o lgs'~h tyf jGohGt' ;+/If0f -bf];|f] ;+zf]wg_ P]g, @)#( @)#(.(.*
#= /fli6«o lgs'~h tyf jGohGt' ;+/If0f -t];|f] ;+zf]wg_ P]g, @)$^ @)$^.^.!!
$= Gofo k|zf;g P]g, @)$* @)$*.@.!^
%= /fli6«o lgs'~h tyf jGohGt' ;+/If0f -rf}yf] ;+zf]wg_ P]g, @)$( @)%).@.@&
k|df0fLs/0f / k|sfzg ldlt
^= s]xL g]kfn P]gsf] Joj:yf hufpg] P]g, @)^# @)^#.$.@#
&= u0ftGq ;'b[9Ls/0f tyf s]xL g]kfn sfg"g ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)^^ @)^^.!).&
*= s]xL g]kfn P]g ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)&@ @)&@.!!.!#
(= /fli6«o lgs'~h tyf jGohGt' ;+/If0f -kfFrf}+ ;+zf]wg_ P]g, @)&# @)&#.!@.!&
!)= s]xL g]kfn sfg"gnfO{ ;+zf]wg, PsLs/0f, ;dfof]hg
/ vf/]h ug]{ P]g, @)&$ @)&$.^.#)
!!= g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg cg's"n agfpg s]xL g]kfn P]gnfO{ ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)&% @)&%.!!.!(

@)@( ;fnsf] P]g g+= @)

=================

/fli6\o lgs'~h tyf jGohGt' ;+/If0f ug{ ag]sf] P]g

k|:tfjgf M /fli6«o lgs'~hsf] Joj:yf, jGohGt' / o;sf] jf;:yfgsf] ;+/If0f, lzsf/df lgoGq0f / k|fs[lts
;f}Gbo{sf] b[li6sf]0faf6 ljz]if dxTj /fVg] 7fp“x?sf] ;+/If0f, ;Da4{g, ljsf; tyf plrt Joj:yf / pkof]u
u/L ;j{;fwf/0f hgtfsf] ;bfrf/ / ;'ljwf sfod /fVg jf~5gLo ePsf]n],
>L % dxf/fhflw/fh jL/]Gb| jL/ ljqmd zfxb]jaf6 /fli6«o k~rfotsf] ;Nnfx / ;Ddltn] of] P]g
agfO{aS;]sf]5 .
!= ;+lIfKt gfd, lj:tf/ / k|f/De M -!_ o; P]gsf] gfd æ/fli6«o lgs'~h tyf jGohGt' ;+/If0f P]g,
@)@(Æ /x]sf]5 .
-@_ of] P]g g]kfn =========== e/ nfu" x'g]5 .
-#_ of] P]g g]kfn ;/sf/n] g]kfn /fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sflzt u/L tf]lslbPsf] ldlt b]lv nfu"
x'g]5 .
@= kl/efiff M ljifo jf k|;·n] csf]{ cy{ gnfu]df o; P]gdf,–

 of] P]g ;+jt\ @)^% ;fn h]7 !% ut] b]lv nfu" ePsf] .
 u0ftGq ;'b[9Ls/0f tyf s]xL g]kfn sfg"g ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)^^åf/f lemlsPsf] .
 of] P]g ldlt @)#).^.$ b]lv nfu" x'g] u/L tf]lsPsf] -g]kfn /fhkq ldlt @)#).^.$_ .

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-s_ æ/fli6«o lgs'~hÆ eGgfn] k|fs[lts jftfj/0fsf] ;fy} jGohGt', jg:klt / e"–b[Zosf]
;+/If0f, Joj:yfkg / pkof]usf] nflu 5'6\ofOPsf] If]q ;Demg' k5{ .
-v_ æ;+lgoldt k|fs[lts cf/IfÆ eGgfn] j}1flgs cWoogsf] lgldQ 5'6ofOPsf],
kfl/l:ysL dxTjsf] jf cGoyf dxTj /fVg] If]q ;Demg' k5{ .
-u_ æjGohGt' cf/IfÆ eGgfn] jGohGt' ;Dkbf / ltgLx?sf] jf;:yfgsf] ;+/If0f tyf
Joj:yf ug{ 5'6\ofOPsf] If]qnfO{ ;Demg' k5{ .
-3_ ælzsf/ cf/IfÆ eGgfn] lzsf/Lx?nfO{ lzsf/ ug{ lbgsf] lgldQ jGohGt' ;Dkbfsf]
Joj:yfkgsf] nflu 5'6\ofOPsf] If]qnfO{ ;Demg' k5{ .
-ª_ æcf/IfÆ eGgfn]  ……… ;+lgoldt k|fs[lts cf/If, jGohGt' cf/If / lzsf/
cf/IfnfO{ ;Demg' k5{ .
-ª!_ æ;+/If0f If]qÆ eGgfn] k|fs[lts jftfj/0fsf] ;+/If0f / k|fs[lts ;|f]tsf] ;Gt'lnt
pkof]usf] nflu PsLs[t of]hgf cg';f/ Joj:yfkg ul/g] If]q ;Demg' k5{ .
-ª@_ ædWojtL{ If]qÆ -j˚/ hf]g_ eGgfn] :yfgLo hgtfx?nfO{ lgoldt ?kn] jg k}bfjf/
pkef]u ug{ kfpg] ;x'lnot k|bfg ug{sf] nflu /fli6«o lgs'~h jf cf/If jl/k/Lsf]
b˚f #s= ad]flhd tf]lsPsf] If]q ;Demg' k5{ .
-ª#_ æh}ljs dfu{Æ eGgfn] jGohGt'x? Ps af;:yfgaf6 csf]{ af;:yfgdf cfjt hfjt
ug]{ af6f] ;Demg' k5{ .
-r_ æjGohGt'Æ eGgfn] 3/kfn'jf afx]s h'g;'s} hfltsf] :tgwf/L hGt' -DofdN;_, k+5L -
PE;_, 3l;|g] hGt' -/]K6foN;_, df5f -kL;Lh_, Eofu'tf hflt -PlD˚ljoG;_ / sL/f
˚6\ofªu|f -OG;]S6\;_ nfO{ ;Demg' k5{ / ;f] zAbn] ˚'n kfg]{ hGt'sf] ˚'n ;d]tnfO{
hgfp“5 .
-r!_ ægd"gfÆ eGgfn] /fli6«o lgs'~h, cf/If, ;+/If0f If]q jf dWojtL{ If]qdf ;°ngu/]sf]
jGohGt' jf jg k}bfjf/ jf To;sf] s'g} efu jf c+z ;Demg' k5{ / ;f] zJbn]
/fli6«o lgs'~h, cf/If, ;+/If0f If]q jf dWojtL{ If]q aflx/sf jGohGt' af;:yfgdf
;°ngu/]sf] jGohGt' jf To;sf] s'g} efu jf c+z;d]tnfO{ hgfpF5 .
-r@_ ælrl8ofvfgfÆ eGgfn] ;+/If0f lzIff, dgf]/~hg, k|hgg\ j+zf0f' >f]tsf] ;+/If0f,
cWoog tyf cg';Gwfg ug]{ p2]Zon] hLjhGt'x? k/:yfgdf k|bz{gLdf /fvL
Joj:yfkg ul/Psf] :yfg ;Demg' k5{ / ;f] zAbn] cGt/f{li6«o k|rng cg';f/
:yfkgf ul/g] k|f0fL pBfg -h'nf]lhsn uf8]{g_ ;d]tnfO{ hgfpF5 .
-5_ æxftxltof/Æ eGgfn] h'g;'s} lsl;dsf] aGb's, k]:tf]n jf o:t} uf]nL rnfOg]
xltof/x?, wg'ifjf0f, efnf, bh{g, kf;f], w/fk, u'n]nL jf rf]6 k'¥ofpg ;lsg]
h'g;'s} xltof/nfO{ klg ;Demg' k5{ .

 bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f lemlsPsf] .

 t];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .
 rf}yf] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .
 kfFrf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .
 kfFrf+} ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .
 bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

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-h_ ælzsf/Æ eGgfn] s'g} jGohGt' h'g;'s} tl/sfn] nv]6\g], kqmg], b'Mv lbg], dfg]{ jf
;f] ug{ k|oTg ug]{ jf To;sf] z/L/sf] s'g} c· lemSg] jf gi6 ug]{ jf To;sf] ˚'n,
u'“8 lemSg], gi6 ug]{ jf vnan u/L lbg] sfdnfO{ hgfp“5 .
-em_ æcfv]6f]kxf/Æ eGgfn] jGohGt'x?sf] hLljt jf d[t z/L/ jf lrlGxg ;lsg]
cj:yfdf /x]sf] ltgLx?sf] z/L/sf] s'g} c·nfO{ ;Demg' k5{ /;f] zAbn]
jGohGt'sf] z/L/sf] s'g} kbfy{ jf To:tf] kbfy{sf]] ;lDd>0faf6 tof/ ePsf] s'g}
j:t' ;d]tnfO{ hgfpF5 .
-`_ æclwsf/ k|fKt clwsf/LÆ eGgfn] g]kfn ;/sf/n] g]kfn /fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sflzt
u/L tf]lslbPsf] clwsf/LnfO{ ;Demg' k5{ .
-`!_ æ;+/IfsÆ eGgfn] /fli6«o lgs'~h, cf/If, ;+/If0f If]q jf dWojtL{ If]qsf] ;+/If0f tyf
Joj:yfkgsf] nflu g]kfn ;/sf/af6 lgo'Qm JolQm ;Demg' k5{ .
 -`@_ æ:yfgLo hgtfÆeGgfn] /fli6«o lgs'~h, cf/If, ;+/If0f If]q jf dWojtL{ If]qdf :yfoL
a;f]af; ePsf hgtfnfO{ ;Demg' k5{ .
-6_ ætf]lsPsf]Æ jf ætf]lsP adf]lhdÆ eGgfn] o; P]g cGtu{tsf lgodx?df tf]lsPsf]
jf tf]lsP adf]lhd ;Demg' k5{ .
#= g]kfn ;/sf/n] /fli6«o lgs'~h, cf/If jf ;+/If0f If]q 3f]if0ff ug{ ;Sg] M -!_ g]kfn ;/sf/n]
cfjZos 7fg]df s'g} If]qnfO{ To;sf] rf/ lsNnf ;d]t vf]lnPsf] ;"rgf g]kfn /fhkqdf k|sflzt u/L
/fli6«o lgs'~h, cf/If jf ;+/If0f If]q 3f]if0ff ug{ ;Sg]5 .

-!s_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd 3f]if0ff ul/Psf] /fli6«o lgs'~h, cf/If jf ;+/If0f If]qsf] ;+/If0f
tyf Joj:yfkg /fli6«o lgs'~h tyf jGohGt' ;+/If0fljefuaf6 :jLs[t Joj:yfkg of]hgf cg';f/ ug'{
kg]{5 .
-@_ pkb˚f -!_ adf]lhd Psk6s 3f]lift e};s]sf] /fli6«o lgs'~h, cf/If jf ;+/If0f If]q
kl/Tofu jf :jfldTjsf] x:tfGt/0f jf l;dfgf x]/˚]/ g]kfn ;/sf/n] g]kfn /fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sflzt
u/L ug{ ;Sg]5 .
#s= dWojtL{ If]q tf]Sg ;Sg] M -!_ g]kfn ;/sf/n] g]kfn /fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sflzt u/L /fli6«o lgs'~h
jf cf/If jl/k/Lsf] s'g} klg If]qnfO{ rf/ lsNnf vf]nL dWojtL{ If]q tf]Sg ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pkb˚f -!_ adf]lhd tf]lsPsf] dWojtL{ If]qsf] kl/Tofu, :jfldTj x:tfGt/0f jf l;dfgf
x]/˚]/ g]kfn ;/sf/n] g]kfn /fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sflzt u/L ug{ ;Sg]5 .
 #v= dWojtL{ If]qsf] Joj:yfkg tyf ;+/If0f M -!_ dWojtL{ If]qsf] Joj:yfkg tyf ;+/If0f ;DaGwL sfo{
;DalGwt pkef]Qmf ;ldltsf] k/fdz{df ;+/Ifsn] /fli6«o lgs'~h tyf jGohGt' ;+/If0f ljefun] :jLs[t
u/]sf] Joj:yfkg of]hgf cg';f/ ug'{ kg]{5 .

 kfFrf+} ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .
 rf}yf] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .
 kfFrf+} ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .
 t];|f] ;zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

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t/ o;/L Joj:yfkg tyf ;+/If0f ubf{ pQm If]qdf /x]sf] :yfgLo hgtfsf] e"–:jfldTjnfO{ s'g}
c;/ kfl/g] 5}g .
-@_ jftfj/0fnfO{ k|lts"n c;/ gk'Ug] / jGohGt'nfO{ xfgL gf]S;fgL gk'Ug] u/L dWojtL{
If]qdf tf]lsP adf]lhd pBf]uwGbf, xf]6n, nh, ;fj{hlgs oftfoft jf o:t} lsl;dsf cGo ;]jf jf
;'ljwf ;~rfng ug{ ;lsg]5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd ;]jf jf ;'ljwf ;~rfng ug]{ ;DaGwdf ;DalGwt pkef]Qmf ;ldlt
;Fu k/fdz{ u/L /fli6«o lgs'~h tyf jGohGt' ;+/If0f ljefun] dfkb08 agfO{ nfu" ug]{5 .
-$_ ;+/Ifsn] pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd ;~rfng ePsf ;]jf jf ;'ljwfsf] ;DaGwdf lgoldt
?kdf cg'udg ug'{ jf u/fpg' kg]{5 .
-%_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd ;+/Ifsn] cg'udg ubf{ jf u/fpFbf pknAw eP;Dd ;DalGwt
pkef]Qmf ;ldltnfO{ ;d]t ;+nUg u/fpg' kg]{5 .
-^_ dWojtL{ If]qdf ljkb\df k/L s'g} kl/jf/nfO{ jg k}bfjf/ cfjZos k/]df pkef]Qmf
;ldltsf] k/fdz{df ;+/Ifsn] dWojtL{ If]qsf] s'g} :yfgaf6 To:tf] jg k}bfjf/ ;°ng ug{ tf]lsP
adf]lhd cg'dlt lbg]5 .
#v!= ;'/Iff Joj:yf M /fli6«o lgs'~h, cf/If, ;+/If0f If]q jf dWojtL{ If]q sf] ;'/Iffsf] nflu g]kfn ;/sf/n]

cfjZos Joj:yf ldnfpg]5 .

#u= Ifltk"lt{ lbg] M dWojtL{ If]qleqsf s'g} jfl;Gbfsf] 3/ hUuf af9L klx/f]sf] sf/0faf6 /fli6«o lgs'~h
jf cf/Ifsf] k|fs[lts l;dfgfleq kg{ uO{ To:tf] jfl;Gbfsf] 3/jf; p7]df b˚f !^u= adf]lhd ul7t
pkef]Qmf ;ldltsf] l;˚fl/;df ;DalGwt /fli6«o lgs'~h jf cf/Ifn] b˚f @%s= adf]lhd :yfgLo
hgtfsf] ;fd'bflos ljsf;sf] nflu 5'6\ofOg] /sd dWo]af6 lghnfO{ d'gfl;j dfl˚ssf] Ifltk"lt{ lbg]5
.

#3= /fxtlbOg] M/fli6«o lgs'~h tyf cf/If eGbf aflx/jGohGt'sf] cfqmd0fdf k/L wghgsf] Iflt ePdf
To:tf] Iflt afkt tf]lsP adf]lhd /fxtlbOg]5 .
$= /fli6«o lgs'~hleq k|j]zdf aGb]h M -!_ tf]lsP adf]lhdsf] k|j]zkq jf clwsf/ k|fKt clwsf/Laf6
lnlvt cg'dlt gkfO{ s'g} klg JolQm /fli6«o lgs'~h jf cf/Ifleq k|j]z ug{ kfpg] 5}g .
t/ sfhdf vl6Psf] ;/sf/L sd{rf/L jf /fli6«o lgs'~h jf cf/Ifleq k|rlnt af6f]sf]
clwsf/ kfPsf] JolQmsf] xsdf of] pkb˚f nfu" x'g] 5}g .
-@_ pkb˚f -!_ adf]lhdsf] k|j]zkqsf] 9f“rf, k|sf/, b:t'/ / cGo zt{x? tf]lsP adf]lhdsf]
x'g]5 .
 %= /fli6«o lgs'~h jf cf/Ifleq lglif4 sfo{x? M -!_ clwsf/ k|fKt clwsf/Laf6 lnlvt cg'dlt glnO{
s'g} klg JolQmn] /fli6«o lgs'~h jf cf/Ifleq b]xfosf] sfd ug{ kfpg] 5}g M–
-s_ jGohGt'sf] lzsf/ ug{ jf cfv]6f]kxf/ cf];f/k;f/ ug{,
-v_ h'g;'s} kbfy{sf] 3/, 5fk|f], cf>o jf c? cfsf/ agfpg jf ef]u ug{,
-u_ s'g} e"–efu sAhf ug{, ;kmf ug{, cfjfbL ug{, v]tL ug{ jf s'g} afnL
pAhfpg jf sf6\g,
-3_ 3/ kfn'jf hLjhGt' jf k+IfL r/fpg jf kfgL v'jfpg,
-ª_ ?v, la?jf, emf8L jf cGo s'g} jg k}bfjf/ sf6\g, 9fNg, x6fpg, 5]Sg jf
jg k}bfjf/ ;'Sg] s'g} sfd ug{ jf cfuf] nufpg jf c? s'g} k|sf/n] xflg
gf]S;fgL k'¥ofpg jf jg k}bfjf/ cf];f/k;f/ ug{,
-r_ vfgL vGg, 9·f vGg jf s'g} vlgh kbfy{, 9·f, s°8, df6f] jf cGo o:t}
kbfy{ x6fpg,
-5_ jg k}bfjf/ jf jGohGt', k+IfL jf hUufnfO{ Iflt k'¥ofpg,

 kfFrf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .
 rf}yf] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .
 bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .
 kfFrf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

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-h_
xftxltof/ v/vhfgf jf ljif ;fydf n}hfg jf k|of]u ug{,
-em_
sfhdf vl6Psf ;/sf/L sd{rf/L jf /fli6«o lgs'~h jf cf/Ifleqsf]
k|rlnt af6f]sf] ofq'x? afx]s c?n] 3/kfn'jf jf cGo lsl;dsf] hLjhGt'
jf cfv]6f]kxf/ n}hfg, /
-`_ /fli6«o lgs'~h jf cf/Ifleq aUg] gbL, vf]nf jf kfgLsf] s'g} ;|f]t y'Gg,
kmsf{pg jf To;df s'g} xflgsf/s jf lj:kmf]6s kbfy{x? k|of]u ug{ .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg jftfj/0f, jg jf jGohGt'nfO{ k|lts"n
c;/ gkg{] u/L /fli6«o lgs'~h jf cf/Ifsf] k|s[lt cg';f/ tf]lsP adf]lhdsf lgs'~h jf cf/Ifdf
k/Dk/fut ?kdf pkef]u ub}{ cfPsf ;'ljwf k|fKt af6f], /}yfg] rl/r/g, vfg]kfgL, l;FrfO tyf
t6aGwsf] k|of]u ug{, k/Dk/fut ?kdf ;°ng ub}{ cfPsf] h·nL ;fu;AhL tyf sGbd"n ;°ng /
df5f dfg{sf] nflu :yfgLo hgtfnfO{ tf]lsP adf]lhd cg'dlt lbOg]5 .
-#_ dWojtL{ If]qdf ljkb\df k/L s'g} kl/jf/nfO{ jg k}bfjf/ cfjZos k/]df / dWojtL{
If]qsf] s'g} :yfgaf6 bkmf #v= sf] pkbkmf -^_ adf]lhd ;°ng ul/Psf] jg k}bfjf/ kof{Kt gx'g]
ePdf pkef]Qmf ;ldltsf] k/fdz{df ;+/Ifsn] /fli6«o lgs'~h jf cf/Ifsf] s'g} :yfgaf6 To:tf] jg
k}bfjf/ ;°ng ug{ tf]lsP adf]lhd cg'dlt lbg]5 .
^= /fli6«o lgs'~h jf cf/Ifleq ;]jf ;~rfng M -!_ /fli6«o lgs'~h, cf/If jf ;+/If0f If]qsf]
;jf]{k/L lxtsf] lgldQ g]kfn ;/sf/n] :jo+ jf tf]lsP adf]lhdsf] sfo{ljlw ckgfO{ s;}l;t s/f/ u/L
xf]6n, nh, ;fj{hlgs oftfoft jf o:t} lsl;dsf cGo ;]jf jf ;'ljwfsf] Joj:yf ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pkb˚f -!_ adf]lhd s/f/ gu/L s'g} klg JolQmn] /fli6«o lgs'~h, cf/If jf ;+/If0f
If]qleq h'g;'s} lsl;dsf] ;]jf jf ;'ljwf ;~rfng ug{ kfpg] 5}g .
 ^s= dd{t ;Def/ ug{ ;Sg] :s'g} JolQm, lgsfo, pkef]Qmf ;ldlt jf :yfgLo txn] jg tyf e"–;+/If0f
dGqfnosf] ;xdlt lnO{ /fli6«o lgs'~h, cf/If, ;+/If0f If]q jf dWojtL{ If]qleq /x]sf wfld{s,
P]ltxfl;s, ;f+:s[lts jf k'/ftflTjs :ynx?sf] cfwf/e"t ;+/rgfdf kl/j{tg gx''g] u/L dd{t
;Def/sf] sfo{ ug{ ;Sg]5 .
&= … … …
*= … … …
(= /fli6«o lgs'~h jf cf/Ifleq k|j]z cfÇgf] bfloTjdf M -!_ /fli6«o lgs'~h jf cf/Ifleq k|j]z cfÇg}
bfloTjdf x'g]5 .
-@_ /fli6«o lgs'~h jf cf/Ifleq s;}sf] d[To' ePdf jf xflg gf]S;fgL ePdf jf s;}nfO{ rf]6
k6s nfu]df To:tf] d[To', xflg gf]S;fgL jf rf]6 k6ssf] nflu g]kfn ;/sf/ Ifltk"lt{sf] nflu
lhDd]jf/ x'g] 5}g .
!)= ;+/lIft jGohGt' M o; P]gsf] cg';"rL–! df plNnlvt jGohGt' ;+/lIft jGohGt' dflgg]5g\ /
ltgLx?sf] lzsf/ ug{ lgif]w ul/Psf] 5 .
t/–

-s_ af}nfPsf] h·nL xfQL, dflg; vfg klNsPsf] af3 / gaf“Rg] lsl;dn] /f]uu|:t ePsf
jf c·e· ePsf jGohGt'nfO{ tf]lsPsf] clwsf/Lsf] cfb]zn] dfg{ jf kqmg ;lsg]5 .

 bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

 rf}yf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .
 kfFrf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .
 bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f vf/]h .

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-v_ jgIf]q aflx/ cfO{ dflg; jf 3/ kfn'jf kz' k+IfLnfO{ w]/} gf]S;fg ug]{ jGohGt'nfO{
dfg'{ kg]{ 7x/fPdf tf]lsPsf] clwsf/Lsf] cfb]zn] dfg{, kqmg jf nv]6\g ;lsg]5 .
!!= cg'1fkq glnO{ lzsf/ ug{ gkfOg] M -!_ cg'1fkq k|fKt gu/L s'g} klg JolQmn] jGohGt' lzsf/
ug{ kfpg] 5}g .
t/ tf]lsPsf] jGohGt' lzsf/ ug{ cg'1fkq lng' kg]{ 5}g .
-@_ pkb˚f -!_ adf]lhd cg'1fkq k|fKt ug{ rfxg] JolQmn] tf]lsPsf] clwsf/L 5]p tf]lsPsf]
9f“rfdf b/vf:t lbg' kg]{5 / To:tf] b/vf:t kg{ cfPdf tf]lsPsf] clwsf/Ln] tf]lsP adf]lhd b:t'/
lnO{ jGohGt'sf] lzsf/ ug{ tf]lsPsf] 9f“rf / k|sf/sf] cg'1fkq lbg]5 .
-#_ pkb˚f -@_ adf]lhd cg'1fkq k|fKt ug]{ JolQmn] tf]lsP adf]lhdsf] zt{ / tl/sfx?sf]
cwLgdf /xL lzsf/ ug'{ kg]{5 .
-$_ tf]lsPsf] clwsf/Ln] s'g} sf/0f b]vfO{ jf gb]vfO{ pkb˚f -@_ adf]lhdsf] cg'1fkq lbg
O{Gsf/ ug{ ;Sg]5 .
!@= lzsf/sf] jflif{s efu -sf]6f_ lglZrt ug]{ M ;do ;dosf] jGohGt'sf] u0fgfsf] cfwf/df tf]lsPsf]
clwsf/Ln] lzsf/ cf/Ifdf jif{e/L lzsf/ ul/g] jGohGt'sf] jflif{s efu -sf]6f_ lglZrt ug]{5g\ .
!#= g]kfn ;/sf/n] cg'1fkq /2 ug{ ;Sg] M g]kfn ;/sf/n] cfjZos b]v]df sf/0f b]vfO{ jf gb]vfO{
h'g;'s} avt klg b˚f !! adf]lhd k|bfg ul/Psf] cg'1fkq /2 ug{ ;Sg]5 .
!$= lzsf/ aGb ;do M g]kfn ;/sf/n] g]kfn /fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sflzt u/L tf]s]sf] If]qdf ;f]xL ;"rgfdf
tf]lsPsf] cjlw;Ddsf] nflu lzsf/ aGb ;do tf]Sg ;Sg]5 .
!%= gd"gf ;°ng ug{ Ohfhtkq lng' kg]{ M -!_ Ohfhtkq k|fKt gu/L s'g} klg JolQmn] /fli6«o
lgs'~h, cf/If jf cGo jGohGt' jf;:yfgaf6} j}1flgs cg';Gwfgsf] nflu gd"gf ;°ng ug{ kfpg]
5}g .
-@_ pkb˚f -!_ adf]lhdsf] Ohfhtkq lng rfxg] JolQmn] tf]lsPsf] clwsf/L ;dIf tf]lsPsf]
9f“rfsf] b/vf:t lbg' kg]{5 .
-#_ pkb˚f -@_ adf]lhdsf] b/vf:t kg{ cfPdf tf]lsPsf] clwsf/Ln] tf]lsP adf]lhdsf] b:t'/
cg';"rL–! df pNn]lvt jGohGt' afx]s h'g;'s} jGohGt'sf] lzsf/ ug{ jf s'g} sL6, ls6f0f', df5f jf
s'g} k|fs[lts pkh hDdf ug{ tf]lsPsf] zt{x? kfng ug]{ u/L Ohfhtkq lbg ;Sg]5 .
 !%s= jGohGt'sf] cWoog cg';GWffg, k|hgg tyf kfng ug{ ;Sg] M -!_ jGohGt'sf] ;+/If0f, k|j4{g / lbuf]
pkof]udf ;3fp k'¥ofpg] p2]Zon] jGohGt'sf] cWoog, cg';Gwfg jf Joj;flos ?kdf k|hgg\ tyf
kfng ug{ rfxg] JolQm jf ;+:yfn] tf]lsP adf]lhd cg'dlt lng' kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd jGohGt'sf] k|hgg\ tyf kfngsf] nflu cfjZos kg]{ lap k|f0fL -
l;8 Plgdn_ tf]lsP adf]lhd pknJw u/fpg ;lsg]5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd cg'dlt k|fKt u/L Jofj;flos ?kdf pTkfbg ul/Psf jGohGt' jf
tLgsf c· jf c·af6 tof/ ul/Psf] j:t' tf]lsP adf]lhd pkof]u, laqmL, ljt/0f jf lgsf;L ug{
;lsg]5 .

 bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

 kfFrf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .

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-$_ pkbkmf -#_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] ePtfklg tf]lsP adf]lhdsf jGohGt'nfO{ tf]lsP
adf]lhdsf] cj:yfdf g]kfnleq Ps 7fpFaf6 csf]{ 7fpFdf cf];f/k;f/ ug{ jf s'g} d'n'sdf lgsf;L
ug{ jf s'g} d'n'saf6 k}7f/L ug{ kfOg] 5}g .
 !%v= cg';Gwfg jf z}lIfs k|bz{gLsf] nflu jGohGt' k|bfg ug{ ;lsg]] M-!_ jGohGt'sf] j}1flgs cWoog,
cg';Gwfg jf z}lIfs k|bz{g ug]{ Vofltk|fKt :jb]zL jf ljb]zL ;+3, ;+:yfn] cWoog, cg';Gwfg jf
z}lIfs k|bz{gLsf] k|of]hgsf] nflu s'g} jGohGt' dfu u/L g]kfnsf] /fli6«o lgs'~h, cf/If, ;+/If0f If]q
jf dWojtL{ If]q tyf jGohGt'sf] ;+/If0f, ;Da4{g / ljsf;sf] nflu ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] lnlvt
k|lta4tf;lxt lgj]bg k]z u/]df g]kfn ;/sf/n] To:tf] sfo{sf] nflu pQm ;+:yfnfO{ jGohGt' k|bfg
ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd cWoog jf cg';Gwfgsf] nflu s'g} jGohGt' k|bfg ubf{ To:tf]
cWoog jf cg';Gwfgaf6 k|fKt x'g] glthf g]kfnsf] nflu ;d]t pkof]uL x'g] 7fg]df g]kfn ;/sf/n]
To:tf] glthf g]kfnnfO{ ;d]t pknAw u/fpg] zt{;lxt To:tf] jGohGt' k|bfg ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd jGohGt' k|bfg ubf{ nfUg] b:t'/, kfngf ug'{kg]{ zt{ tyf cGo
Joj:yf tf]lsP adf]lhd x'g]5 .
!%u= lrl8ofvfgf, jGohGt' p4f/ s]Gb| tyf jGohGt' c:ktfn :yfkgf ug{ ;lsg] M -!_ s'g} ;+:yf, lgsfo

jf :yfgLo txn] ;+/If0f lzIff, dgf]/~hg, k|hgg\, j+zf0f' >f]t ;+/If0f tyf cWoog, cg';Gwfg ug{]
k|of]hgsf nflu tf]lsP adf]lhd Ohfhtkq k|fKt u/L lrl8ofvfgf ;~rfng ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-@_s'g} klg JolQm, ;+:yf jf :yfgLo txn]] 6'x'/f, c;xfo, ;d:ofu|:t / p4f/ ul/Psf
jGohGt'x?sf] ;+/If0f / Joj:yfkgsf] nflu jGohGt' p4f/ s]Gb| / jGohGt' c:ktfn :yfkgf ug{
;Sg]5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ / -@_ adf]lhd lrl8ofvfgf, jGohGt' p4f/ s]Gb| tyf jGohGt' c:ktfn
:yfkgf / ;~rfng ;DaGwL cGo Joj:yf tf]lsP adf]lhd x'g]5 .
!%3= h}ljs dfu{sf] ;+/If0f / ;Da4{g M -!_g]kfn ;/sf/n] cfjZos b]v]df /fli6«o lgs'~h, cf/If, ;+/If0f

If]q jf dWojtL{ If]q eGbf aflx/sf] s'g} If]qnfO{ h}ljs dfu{ 3f]if0ff u/L;DalGwt pkef]Qmf ;ldlt;Fu
k/fdz{ u/L;f]sf] ;+/If0f / ;Da4{gsf] Joj:yf ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-@_ h}ljs dfu{sf]] ;+/If0f / ;Da4{g ;DaGwL cGo Joj:yf tf]lsP adf]lhd x'g]5 .
!%ª= ljb]zL d'n'snfO{ jGohGt' pknJw u/fpg ;lsg] M -!_ s'g} klg ljb]zL d'n'ssf] ;/sf/n] tf]lsPsf]

zt{sf] cwLgdf /xL g]kfndf /x]sf] jGohGt' dfu u/]df/g]kfn ;/sf/n] ;+/If0f / Joj:yfkgsf
b[li6sf]0fn] pko'Qm 7fg]df tf]lsP adf]lhdsf] k|lqmof k'/f u/L To:tf jGohGt' pknAw u/fpg ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd jGohGt' pknAw u/fPsf] jflif{s ljj/0f jg tyf e"–;+/If0f
dGqfnon] k|To]s cfly{s jif{ ;dfKt ePsf] tLg dlxgfleq ;ª\3Lo ;+;bsf] ;DalGwt ;ldlt ;dIf k]z
ug'{ kg]{5 .
!^= /fli6«o lgs'~h jf cf/Ifsf] Joj:yfkg M /fli6«o lgs'~h jf cf/Ifsf] pko'Qm Joj:yfsf] nflu
cfjZos ePdf tf]lsPsf] clwsf/Ln] /fli6«o lgs'~h jf cf/Ifleq lzsf/ ug{, s'g} k|fs[lts pkh
x6fpg jf cGo o:t} cfjZos sfdx? ug{ ;Sg]5 .

 kfFrf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .
bf]];|f];+zf]wgåf/f yk .

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!^s= jgk}bfjf/ tyf cGo ;]jf pknAw u/fpg ;lsg] M /fli6«o lgs'~h jf cf/Ifleq tf]lsPsf] clwsf/Ln]
tf]lsP adf]lhdsf] b:t'/ lnO{ tf]lsPsf] jg k}bfjf/ jf cGo ;]jf pknAw u/fpg ;Sg]5 .
 !^v= ;+/If0f If]qsf] Joj:yfkg M b˚f # sf] pkb˚f -!_ adf]lhd 3f]if0ff ul/Psf] s'g} ;+/If0f If]qsf]
Joj:yfkg ug{ g]kfn ;/sf/n] g]kfn /fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sflzt u/L ;f] ;"rgfdf tf]lsPsf]
cjlw;Ddsf] nflu k|s[lt tyf k|fs[lts ;Dkbfsf] ;+/If0f ug{] p2]Zo lnO{ :yfkgf ePsf] ;+:yfnfO{
;'Dkg ;Sg]5 .
!^u= pkef]Qmf ;ldlt M -!_ /fli6«o lgs'~h, cf/If, ;+/If0f If]q jf dWojtL{ If]qleq 9n]sf] ?v, ;'s]sf]
sf7, bfp/f / 3f“;sf] Joj:yfkg ug{ ;DalGwt ;+/Ifsn] :yfgLo lgsfo;“u ;dGjo u/L pkef]Qmf
;ldlt u7g ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pkb˚f -!_ df n]lvPb]lv afx]s pkef]Qmf ;ldltsf] cGo sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ tf]lsP
adf]lhd x'g]5 .
!&= cfv]6f]kxf/ cg'1fkq lbg] clwsf/L ;dIf k]z ug'{ kg]{ M -!_ cf˚"n] kfPsf] cg'1fkq adf]lhd
cfv]6f]kxf/ k|fKt ug]{ JolQmn] To:tf] cfv]6f]kxf/ k|fKt u/]sf] ;don] af6fsf] Dofb afx]s rf}aL;
306fleq cg'1fkq lbg] clwsf/L jf lghn] tf]s]sf] clwsf/L ;dIf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ pkb˚f -!_ adf]lhd cf˚" ;dIf k]z ul/Psf] cfv]6f]kxf/ cg'1fkq adf]lhd g} k|fKt
ul/Psf] xf] eGg] nfu]df cg'1fkq lbg] clwsf/Ln] To;sf] nut /fvL tf]lsP adf]lhdsf] lg:;f ;lxt
To:tf jGohGt'sf] ;Dk"0f{ z/L/ jf c· k]z ug]{ JolQmnfO{ g} l˚tf{ a'emfO{ lbg' k5{ .
t/ lzsf/ ul/Psf] jGohGt'sf] ;Dk"0f{ z/L/ jf c· g]kfn ;/sf/ nfUg] zt{df cg'1fkq
lbOPsf] /x]5 eg] ;f]xL zt{ adf]lhd x'g]5 .
!*= lg:;f geO{ cfv]6f]kxf/ /fVg gkfOg] M -!_ of] P]g nfu" x'g'eGbf cufj} cfv]6f]kxf/ k|fKt u/]sf]
JolQmn] tf]lsPsf] Dofbleq To:tf] cfv]6f]kxf/ tf]lsPsf] clwsf/L ;dIf k]z u/L tf]lsP adf]lhdsf]
lg:;f lnO{ /fVg' k5{ .
-@_ pkb˚f -!_ adf]lhd jf b˚f !& sf] pkb˚f -@_ adf]lhd lg:;f k|fKt gu/L /flvPsf]
cfv]6f]kxf/ g]kfn ;/sf/n] h˚t ug{ ;Sg]5 .
!(=Ohfhtkq glnO{ cfv]6f]kxf/sf] laqmL ljt/0f jf Joj;fo ug{ gkfO{g] M -!_ tf]lsPsf] clwsf/Laf6
Ohfhtkq glnO{ s'g} klg JolQmn] cfv]6f]kxf/sf] laqmL ljt/0f ug{ jf s'g} lsl;dn] xs 5f8L lbg
jf cfv]6f]kxf/ ;DaGwL s'g} Joj;fo ug{ kfpg] 5}g .
-@_ pkb˚f -!_ adf]lhd Ohfhtkq k|fKt JolQmaf6 vl/b u/]sf] jf xs x:tfGt/0f eO{
cfÇgf] xs x'g cfPsf] cfv]6f]kxf/ ;DalGwt JolQmn] tf]lsPsf] Dofbleq tf]lsPsf] clwsf/L sxf“ btf{
u/fO{ :jfldTjsf] lg:;f lnO{ /fVg' k5{ .

 /fli6«o lgs'~h tyf jGohGt' ;+/If0f -kfFrf}+ ;+zf]wg_ cWofb]z, @)^@ åf/f ;+zf]wg eO{ s]xL g]kfn P]gsf] Joj:yf hufpg] P]g, @)^# åf/f :jtM
hfu]sf] .
 rf}yf] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .
 klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .
 bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

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@)= cfv]6f]kxf/ lgsf;L jf k}7f/L ug{ l;˚fl/; lng' kg]{ M k|rlnt g]kfn sfg"g adf]lhd s'g} cfv]6f]kxf/
g]kfn ========= af6 ljb]zdf lgsf;L ug{ jf ljb]zaf6 g]kfn ========== leq k}7f/L ug{ rfxg]
JolQmn] g]kfn ;/sf/, jg tyf jftfj/0f dGqfnosf] lnlvt l;˚fl/; lng' kg]{5 .
@)s= cfv]6f]kxf/ k|of]u ug{ lbg jf gi6 ug{ ;lsg] M -!_ k|fs[lts jf cGo sf/0faf6 d[To' ePsf
jGohGt'af6 ;°ng ul/Psf] jf k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd hkmt ul/Psf] cfv]6f]kxf/ g]kfn ;/sf/n]
z}lIfs jf cg';Gwfg ;+:yfnfO{ z}lIfs jf cg';Gwfg k|of]hgsf] nflu k|of]u ug{ lbg ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd ;°ng jf hkmt ul/Psf] cfv]6f]kxf/ k|fs[lts lj1fg ;ª\u|xfnodf
k|bz{gLsf] nflu /fVg ;lsg]5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ jf -@_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg ;+/If0f ug{ pkof]uL / cfjZos
gb]lvPsf] cfv]6f]kxf/ g]kfn ;/sf/n] gi6 ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-$_ o; bkmf adf]lhd cfv]6f]kxf/ k|of]u ug{ lbg] jf gi6 ug]{ ;DaGwL cGo Joj:yf tf]lsP
adf]lhd x'g]5.
@!= cfTd ;'/Iffsf] nflu cfjZos sfd ug{ ;lsg] M -!_ cfkm\gf] jf c? s'g} JolQm jf 3/kfn'jf
hgfj/sf] arfj6sf] nflu s'g} jGohGt'sf] jf:tljs / tTsfn cfqmd0fsf lj?4 cGo s'g} ljsNk
gePdf xftxltof/ k|of]u ug{ jf cGo s'g} pkfo ug{ ;lsg]5 / To:tf] ubf{ s'g} jGohGt' dg{ uPdf
jf 3fOt] ePdf o; P]g adf]lhd s;"/ ul/Psf] dflgg] 5}g .
-@_ pkb˚f -!_ adf]lhd s'g} jGohGt' dg{ uPdf jf 3fOt] ePdf af6f]sf Dofb afx]s ;f]
eP u/]sf] rf}aL; 306fleq tf]lsPsf] clwsf/L ;dIf ;f] s'/fsf] ;"rgf lbg' k5{ .
-#_ of] P]g jf o; P]g cGtu{t ag]sf lgodx? ljk/Lt sfd ul//x]sf] JolQmsf] xsdf
pkb˚f -!_ adf]lhdsf] ;'ljwf k|fKt x'g] 5}g .
@@= l;dfgf lrGxx? laufg{ gkfOg] M s'g} klg JolQmn] /fli6«o lgs'~h, cf/If, ;+/If0f If]q jf dWojtL{
If]qsf] l;dfgf, af/, kvf{n, lrGxk6 jf ;"rgfx? gi6 ug{, laufg{, s'?k kfg{, x6fpg jf cGoyf afwf
c8\rg ug{ x'“b}g .
@#= lg/LIf0f tyf vfgtnf;Lsf] clwsf/ M of] P]g la?4 s;}n] s'g} sfd u/]sf] eGg] ljZjf; x'g] dgfl;a
sf/0f ePdf lghn] u/]sf] To:tf] sfdsf] ;a't a'‰gsf] lgldQ jf lghsf] lu/Çtf/Lsf] lgldQ
cfjZos ePdf tf]lsPsf] clwsf/Ln] tf]lsPsf] clwsf/Laf6 jf/]06 k|fKt u/L h'g;'s} ;do To:tf
JolQmsf] 3/, hUuf, hldg / ;a} k|sf/sf] ;jf/Ldf k|j]z ug{ / vfgtnf;L ug{ ;Sg]5 .
t/ s'g} 3/ hUuf, hldg jf ;jf/Ldf k|j]z u/L vfgtnf;L ug{ kfpg] jf s'g} s;"/bf/nfO{
lu/Çtf/ ug{ kfpg] jf/]06 k|fKt ug{ s]xL ;do nfUg] eO{ ;f] ;doleq s;"/bf/ efuL hfg] jf
s;"/sf] ;a't ufoj ul/g] ;Defjgf b]lvPdf To; s'/fsf] lnlvt clen]v v8f u/L tf]lsPsf]
clwsf/Ln] klg To:tf] 3/, hUuf, hldg jf ;jf/Ldf k|j]z ug{ / vfgtnf;L ug{ ;S5 .
:ki6Ls/0f M o; b˚f cGtu{t lagf jf/]06 k|j]z / vfgtnf;L ubf{ b˚f #) df tf]lsPsf] bhf{ eGbf
d'lgsf] bhf{sf] clwsf/Ln] ug{ kfpg] 5}g . ;fy} To;/L lagf jf/]06 k|j]z jf vfgtnf;L ubf{
s;"/bf/sf] lu/Çtf/L jf ;a't a/fdb gePsf] cj:yfdf k|j]z jf vfgtnf;L ug]{ clwsf/Ln] k|j]z jf
vfgtnf;Ll;t ;DalGwt JolQmnfO{ k|j]z jf vfgtnf;L u/]sf] s'/fsf] k|df0fkq lbg' k5{ / To;/L

 u0ftGq ;'b[9Ls/0f tyf s]xL g]kfn sfg"g ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)^^åf/f lemlsPsf] .
 g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg cg's"n agfpg s]xL g]kfn P]gnfO{ ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)&% 4f/f ;+zf]lwt .
 kfFrf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .
 rf}yf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

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k|j]z jf vfgtnf;L ug'{ kg]{ sf/0f ;d]t vf]nL ;f] eP u/]sf] ldltn] kGw| lbgleq tf]lsPsf]
clwsf/LnfO{ lnlvt ;"rgf ;d]t lbg' k5{ .
@$= lu/Çtf/ ug]{ clwsf/ M -!_ o; P]g adf]lhdsf] s'g} s;"/sf] cg';Gwfgsf] l;nl;nfdf s'g} JolQmnfO{
kqmfp ug'{ kg]{ ePdf cg';Gwfg ug{] clwsf/Ln] ;f]sf] sf/0f / To:tf] JolQmsf] klxrfg v'Ng] ljj/0f
;lxt d'2f x]g]{ clwsf/L ;dIf kqmfp ug]{ cg'dltsf] nflu lgj]bg lbg' kg{]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] lgj]bgaf6 kqmfp ug{' kg{] sf/0f dgfl;a b]lvPdf d'2f x]g]{
clwsf/Ln] kqmfp k"hL{ hf/L ug{] cg'dlt lbg ;Sg]5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd kqmfp k"hL{ hf/L ul/Psf] JolQmnfO{ k|x/Ln] lu/km\tf/ u/L af6f]sf]
Dofb afx]s rf}aL; 306fleq d'2f x]g]{ clwsf/L ;dIf pkl:yt u/fpg' kg]{5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg s;"/ ug]{ JolQm tTsfn kqmfp
gul/Pdf To:tf] JolQm efUg] pDsg] jf lghn] k|df0f b;L jf ;a't gi6 ug]{ dgfl;a sf/0f ePdf jf
s;"/;Fu ;DalGwt km/f/ /x]sf] JolQm km]nf k/]df jf s;"/ ul//x]sf] cj:yfdf km]nf kf/]df
cg';Gwfg clwsf/Ln] To:tf] JolQmnfO{ tTsfn} h?/L kqmfp k"hL{ hf/L u/L lu/km\tf/ u/L d'2f x]g]{
clwsf/L ;dIf :jLs[ltsf] nflu kqmfp k/]sf] JolQm ;lxt pkl:yt u/fpg' kg]{5 .
-%_ pkbkmf -#_ / -$_ adf]lhd lu/Çtf/ ug{ nfUbf jf lu/Çtf/ ul/;s]kl5 klg 5'6fO{
n}hfg jf kqmg glbg s;"/bf/ jf lghsf] d2tuf/ s;}n] x'nx'Hht u/L efuL hfg] jf eufO{ n}hfg]
cj:yf k/]df jf kqmg]s} Hofg hf]lvd x'g] ;Defjgf b]lvO{ xltof/ grnfO{ gx'g] cj:yf kg{ cfPdf
e/;s 3'“8fb]lv d'lg nfUg] u/L ;f] kqmg hfg] sd{rf/Ln] uf]nL rnfpg ;S5 . ;f] adf]lhd uf]nL
rnfp“bf s;"/bf/ jf p;sf] d2tuf/ dg{ uPdf aft nfUg] 5}g .Æ
 @$s= Dofb yk ;DaGwL Joj:yf M-!_ o; P]g adf]lhd lu/ tf/ ul/Psf] JolQmnfO{ af6f]sf] Dofb afx]s
rf}aL; 306fleq sfg"gL sf/afxLsf] lgldQ d'2f x]g]{ clwsf/L;dIf pkl:yt u/fpg' kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd lu/ tf/ ul/Psf] JolQmsf] ;DaGwdf rf}aL; 306fleq txlssft
k"/f gx'g] eO{ lghnfO{ y'gfdf /fvL txlssft hf/L /fVg' kg]{ b]lvPdf txlssft ug]{ sd{rf/Ln]
lghnfO{ d'2f x]g]{ clwsf/L ;dIf pkl:yt u/fO{ d'2f x]g]{ clwsf/Lsf] cg'dlt lnP/ dfq y'gfdf /fVg'
kg]{5 . ;f] adf]lhd cg'dlt dfUbf y'gfdf k/]sf] JolQm pk/sf] cleof]u, To;sf] cfwf/, lghnfO{
y'gfd} /fvL txlssft ug'{ kg]{ sf/0f / lghsf] aofg sfuh e} ;s]sf] eP aofg sfuhsf] Joxf]/f
:ki6 ?kdf pNn]v ug'{ kg]{5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd y'gfdf /fVg] cg'dlt dfu]df d'2f x]g]{ clwsf/Ln] ;DalGwt
sfuhftx? x]/L txlssft ;Gtf]ifhgs ?kdf eP jf gePsf] ljrf/ u/L ;Gtf]ifhgs ?kdf txlssft
e}/x]sf] b]lvPdf Ps}k6s jf k6s k6s u/L a9Ldf k}FtfnL; lbg;Dd y'gfdf /fVg] cg'dlt lbg
;Sg]5 .
@%=k'/:sf/ lbg] M -!_ u}+8f, af3, xfQL, s:t'/L d[u, Wjf“;] lrt'jf, lxp“ lrt'jf jf uf}/LufO{ dfg]{ jf 3fOt]
kfg]{ JolQmsf] ;'/fs nufO{ kqmfp u/fO{ lbg] JolQmnfO{ krf; xhf/ ?k}of“;Dd / pk/f]Qm jGohGt'
afx]s cGo ;+/lIft jGohGt' dfg]{ jf 3fOt] kfg]{ JolQmsf] ;'/fs nufO{ kqmfp u/fO{ lbg] JolQmnfO{
kRrL; xhf/ ?k}of“;Dd gub k'/:sf/ lbg ;lsg]5 .

 s]xL g]kfn sfg"gnfO{ ;+zf]wg, PsLs/0f, ;dfof]hg / vf/]h ug]{ P]g, @)&$ åf/f ;+zf]lwt .
 kfFrf+}] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .
 bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .
 rf}yf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

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-@_ u}/sfg"gL tl/sfn] s'g} cfv]6f]kxf/ /fVg] JolQmsf] ;'/fs nufO{ kqmfp u/fO{ lbg] jf
To:tf] JolQmnfO{ kqmg] JolQmnfO{ ;f] cfv]6f]kxf/ a/fdb eO{ lnnfd laqmL ul/Psf]df lnnfd laqmLaf6
cfPsf] d"Nosf] krf; k|ltzt jf jGohGt' ;+/If0fsf] b[li6sf]0fn] cfv]6f]kxf/ lnnfd laqmL ug{ gx'g]
ePdf To:tf] cfv]6f]kxf/sf] cj:yf, dxTj / kl/df0f ljrf/ u/L bz xhf/ ?k}of“;Dd k'/:sf/ lbg
;lsg]5 .
-#_ pkb˚f -!_ / -@_ df n]lvPb]lv afx]s o; P]g cGtu{t s;"/ u/]sf] ;'/fs nufO{
cleo'Qm kqmfp u/fO{ lbg] JolQmnfO{ Ps xhf/ ?k}of“;Dd k'/:sf/ lbg ;lsg]5 .
@%s=:yfgLo ljsf;sf] nflu vr{ ug{ ;lsg] M /fli6«o lgs'~h, cf/If jf ;+/If0f If]qn] u/]sf] cfDbfgLsf]
/sd dWo] tL; b]lv krf; k|ltzt;Dd /sd :yfgLo lgsfo;“u ;dGjo u/L :yfgLo hgtfsf]
;fd'bflos ljsf;sf] nflu vr{ ug{ ;lsg]5 .
@^=b08 ;hfo M -!_ u}/sfg"gL tl/sfn] u}+8f, af3, xfQL, s:t'/L d[u, Wjf“;] lrt'jf, lxp“ lrt'jf
jf uf}/L ufO{ dfg]{, 3fOt] agfpg], vl/b ug]{, laqmL ug]{ jf x:tfGt/0f u/L lng] lbg] tyf
u}+8fsf] vfu jf s:t'/Lsf] jLgf, lxp“ lrt'jfsf] 5fnf tyf To:t} cGo ;+/lIft jGohGt'sf]
cfv]6f]kxf/ /fVg], vl/b ug]{, lalqm ug]{ jf cf];f/k;f/ ug]{] JolQmnfO{ kfFr nfv ?k}ofFb]lv
bz nfv ?k}ofF;Ddhl/afgf jf kf“r jif{ b]lv kGw| jif{;Dd s}b jf b'j} ;hfo x'g]5.
-!s_
/fli6«o lgs'~h, jGohGt' cf/If, lzsf/ cf/If jf ;+/If0f If]qnfO{ s'g} lsl;dn]
cltqmd0f jf sAhf ug]{ jf laqmL ug]{ jf ;f]sf] k|fs[lts agfj6 jf ;f}Gbo{df s'g} lsl;dn] xflg,
gf]S;fgL jf Iflt k'¥ofpg] JolQmnfO{ bz jif{;Dd s}b jf bznfv ?k}ofF;Dd hl/afgf jf b'j} ;hfo
x'g]5 .
-@_
pkb˚f -!_ df n]lvPsf jGohGt' afx]s cGo ;+/lIft jGohGt' dfg]{ jf 3fOt]
agfpg]nfO{ Ps nfv ?k}ofFb]lv kfFr nfv ?k}ofF;Dd hl/afgf jf Ps jif{ b]lv bz jif{;Dd s}b jf
b'j} ;hfo x'g]5 .
-#_ /fli6«o lgs'~h, ;+lgoldt k|fs[lts cf/If, jGohGt' cf/If, ;+/If0f If]q jf


dWojtL{ If]qleq cg'1fkq glnO{ k+IfL / df5f afx]s cGo jGohGt' lzsf/ u/L df/]df jf
3fOt] agfPdf aL; xhf/ ?k}Fofb]lv krf; xhf/ ?k}Fof;Dd hl/jfgf jf 5 dlxgf b]lv Ps
jif{;Dd s}b jf b'j} ;hfo x'g]5 .
-$_ ;+/lIft k+IfL lzsf/ u/L df/]df jf 3fOt] agfPdf kGw| xhf/ ?k}ofFb]lv tL;


xhf/ ?k}ofF;Dd hl/jfgf jf tLg dlxgf b]lv gf} dlxgf;Dd s}b jf b'j} ;hfo x'g]5 .

 rf}yf] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .

 kfFrf+}] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

 rf}yf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .
 s]xL g]kfn P]g ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)&@ 4f/f ;+zf]lwt .
 kfFrf+}] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .
 s]xL g]kfn sfg"gnfO{ ;+zf]wg, PsLs/0f, ;dfof]hg / vf/]h ug]{ P]g, @)&$ åf/f yk .

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-%_ /fli6«o lgs'~h, ;+lgoldt k|fs[lts cf/If, jGohGt' cf/If, ;+/If0f If]q jf


dWojtL{ If]qleq cg'1fkq glnO{ ;+/lIft k+IfL afx]s cGo k+IfL lzsf/ u/L df/]df jf 3fOt]
agfPdf aL; xhf/ ?k}ofF b]lv krf; xhf/ ?k}ofF;Dd hl/jfgf jf 5 dlxgfb]lv Ps jif{;Dd
s}b jf b'j} ;hfo x'g]5 .
-%s_ bkmf % sf] pkbkmf -!_ sf] v08 -v_ cGtu{tsf] s;"/ ug]{nfO{ aL; xhf/ ?k}ofFb]lv


krf; xhf/ ?k}ofF;Dd hl/afgf jf Ps jif{;Dd s}b jf b'j} ;hfo x'g]5 . To:tf] s;"/ ubf{ jg
k}bfjf/ x6fPsf] jf gf]S;fgL u/]sf] eP ;f] afkt x'g] ;hfo ;d]t x'g]5 .
 -%v_ bkmf % sf] v08 -ª_, -r_ jf -5_ cGtu{tsf] s;"/ ug]{nfO{ b]xfo adf]lhd ;hfo
x'g]5 M–
-s_ Ps xhf/ ?k}ofF;Ddsf] ljuf] eP ljuf] adf]lhdhl/afgf,
-v_ Ps xhf/ ?k}ofFb]lv bz xhf/ ?k}ofF;Ddsf] ljuf] eP ljuf] adf]lhd
hl/afgf jf 5 dlxgf;Dd s}b jf b'j},
-u_ bz xhf/ ?k}ofF eGbf a9Lsf] ljuf] eP ljuf]sf] bf]Ja/ hl/afgf jf Ps
jif{;Dd s}b jf b'j} .
-%u_ s;}n] o; P]g cGtu{t Ohfht k|fKt gu/L jGohGt' kfng jf k|hgg\ u/] u/fPdf jf


lrl8ofvfgf ;~rfng u/]df 5 dlxgf;Dd s}b jf krf; xhf/ ?k}oFf;Dd hl/afgf jf b'j} ;hfo
x'g]5 .
-%3_ s;}n] o; P]g cg';f/ s;"/ x'g] s'g} ck/fwsf] pBf]u u/]df To:tf] pBf]u ug]{nfO{

;+/lIft jGohGt' ;DaGwL ck/fwsf] pBf]u eP s;"/bf/nfO{ eP ;/x / cGo jGohGt' ;DaGwL
ck/fwsf] pBf]u eP s;"/bf/nfO{ x'g] ;hfosf] cfwf ;hfo x'g]5 .
-^_ pkbkmf -!_, -@_, -#_, -$_ / -%_, -%s_, -%v_ / -%u_ df n]lvPb]lv afx]s of]


P]g jf o; P]g cGtu{t ag]sf lgod ljkl/t s;"/ ug]{ JolQmnfO{ lauf] sfod ePsf]df lauf]sf]
bf]Aa/ hl/jfgf / Ps jif{;Dd s}b / lauf] sfod gePsf] s;"/df s;"/sf] dfqf x]/L aL;
xhf/ ?k}ofF;Dd hl/jfgf jf 5 dlxgf;Dd s}b jf b'j} ;hfo x'g]5 .
@&= dltof/nfO{ ;hfo x'g] M of] P]g cGtu{t s;"/ 7xl/g] s'g} ck/fw ug]{ JolQmnfO{ hfgL hfgL d2t
lbPdf To:tf d2t ug]{ dltof/nfO{ s;"/bf/nfO{ x'g] ;hfosf] cfwL ;hfo x'g]5 .
t/ u}+8f, af3, s:t'/L d[u / xfQLl;t ;DalGwt s;"/ ug]{ JolQmnfO{ s;"/bf/nfO{ x'g]
;hfo ;/x g} ;hfo x'g]5 .
@*= h˚t ug]{ clwsf/ M of] P]g jf o; P]g cGtu{t ag]sf lgodx?sf] pNnª\3g ug]{ s;"/bf/ bf]ifL
7xl/Pdf d'2f x]g]{ clwsf/Ln] ck/fwl;t ;DalGwt cfv]6f]kxf/, xftxltof/, ;jf/Lsf] ;fwg / cGo
j:t'x? h˚t ug{ ;Sg]5 .

 kfFrf+}] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .
 s]xL g]kfn P]g ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)&@ 4f/f ;+zf]lwt .
 kfFrf+}] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .
 bf]];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .

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t/ a/fdb ePsf] lzsf/L s's'/nfO{ d'2f lsgf/f gx'“b} d'2f x]g]{ clwsf/Lsf] cfb]zn] dfg{
;lsg]5 .
@(= g]kfn ;/sf/ jfbL x'g] M o; P]g cGtu{tsf d'2fx?df g]kfn ;/sf/ jfbL x'g]5 .
#)= d'2fsf] txlssft / bfo/L M -!_ o; P]g cGtu{tsf] s;"/sf] txlssft /]~h/ jf jg / jGohGt'
Joj:yfl;t ;DalGwt ;'j]bf/ bhf{;Ddsf sd{rf/L jf sDtLdf /fhkqcgl°t k|yd >]0fLsf sd{rf/Ln]
jf k|x/Ldf sDtLdf gfoj lg/LIfs bhf{;Ddsf] sd{rf/Ln] ug]{5 / To:tf] txlssftsf] sfd k"/f
ePkl5 /fli6«o lgs'~h sfof{no jf cf/If sfof{no jf jGohGt' ;+/If0f sfof{no jf jg sfof{no jf
jg ;DaGwL sfo{ ug]{ cGo sfof{nosf] gfdaf6 d'2f x]g]{ clwsf/L ;dIf d'2f bfo/ ug]{5 .
-@_ pkb˚f -!_ adf]lhd d'2f x]g]{ clwsf/L ;dIf d'2f bfo/ ubf{ ;DalGwt clws[tn] ;/sf/L
jsLnl;t /fo ;Nnfx lng ;Sg]5 .
 #!= d'2f x]g]{ clwsf/L M -!_ o; P]gsf] bkmf @^ sf] pkbkmf -!_, -!s_ / -@_ cGtu{t s;"/ x'g]
d'2fsf] z'? sf/afxL / lsgf/f ug]{ clwsf/ lhNnf cbfntnfO{ x'g]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ df n]lvPb]lv afx]s o; P]g cGtu{tsf] cGo d'2fsf] z'? sf/afxL /
lsgf/f ug]{ clwsf/ tf]lsPsf] clwsf/LnfO{ x'g]5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ / -@_ adf]lhd lhNnf cbfnt / tf]lsPsf] clwsf/Ln] o; P]g
cGtu{tsf d'2fsf] sf/afxL / lsgf/f ubf{ ljz]if cbfnt P]g, @)%( adf]lhdsf] sfo{ljlw
ckgfpg' kg]{5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -!_ jf -@_ adf]lhd ePsf] lg0f{o pk/ k}FtL; lbgleq k'g/fj]bg lbg
;lsg]5 / tf]lsPsf] clwsf/Ln] u/]sf] lg0f{o pk/ lhNnf cbfntdf k'g/fj]bg nfUg]5 .
#@= cg';"rLdf ;+zf]wg ug]{ g]kfn ;/sf/sf] clwsf/ M g]kfn ;/sf/n] g]kfn /fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sflzt
u/L o; P]gsf] cg';"rLdf ;+zf]wg ug{ ;Sg]5 .
##= lgod agfpg] clwsf/ M o; P]gsf] p2]Zo k"lt{sf] nflu g]kfn ;/sf/n] lgodx? agfpg ;Sg]5 .
 ##s= sfo{ljlw tyf lgb]]{lzsf agfpg ;Sg] M of] P]g tyfo; P]g cGtu{t ag]sf] lgodfjnLsf] sfof{Gjog
ug{g]kfn ;/sf/n] cfjZos sfo{ljlw tyf lgb]{lzsf agfO{ nfu" ug{ ;Sg]5 .
#$= vf/]hL / arfp M -!_ h·nL hLjhGt' ;+/If0f P]g, @)!% nfO{ vf/]h ul/Psf] 5 .
-@_ of] P]g jf o; P]g cGtu{t ag]sf lgodx?df n]lvPsf] hlt s'/fdf ;f]xL adf]lhd /
c?df k|rlnt g]kfn sfg"g adf]lhd x'g]5 ..

 s]xL g]kfn sfg"gnfO{ ;+zf]wg, PsLs/0f, ;dfof]hg / vf/]h ug]{ P]g, @)&$ åf/f ;+zf]lwt .
 kfFrf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .
b|i6JoM -!_ /fli6«o lgs'~h tyf jGohGt' ;+/If0f -bf];|f] ;+zf]wg_ P]g, @)#( adf]lhd ?kfGt/ ePsf zAbx? M–
æjGohGt', k+IfL,Æ æjGohGt' jf k+IfL,Æ æjGohGt' tyf k+IfLÆ / æjGohGt' / k+IfLÆ eGg] zAbx?sf] ;§f æjGohGt'Æ .
-@_ k|x/L -klxnf] ;+zf]wg_ P]g, @)@( adf]lhd ?kfGt/ ePsf zAbx? M–
æ;j OG;k]S6/Æ sf] ;§f ægfoj lg/LIfsÆ .
-#_ s]xL g]kfn sfg"g ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)^# åf/f ?kfGt/ ePsf zAbx?M–
æ>L % sf] ;/sf/Æ sf] ;§f æg]kfn ;/sf/Æ .
-$_ /fli6«o lgs'~h tyf jGohGt' ;+/If0f -kfFrf}+ ;+zf]wg_ P]g, @)&# 4f/f ?kfGt/ ePsf zAbx? M–
æ:yfgLo afl;GbfÆ eGg] zAbsf] ;§f æ:yfgLo hgtfÆ .

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cg';"rL –!
-b˚f !)l;t ;DalGwt_
;+/lIft jGohGt'x?
:tgwf/L hGt' -DofdN;_
cf;fdL /ftf] jf+b/ – -dsfsf cf;fe]G;L;_
;fns – -Doflg; qml;s 8f6f / Doflg; k]G6f8S6fOnf_
lx;lk8 v/fof] – -Sofk|f]nfu; lx;lk8;_
;f]+; – -Knf6flg:6f UoGh]l6sf_
Ajf“;f] – -Soflg;n'k;_
lxdfnL /ftf] efn' – -c;;{ cS6{;_
xfa|] -/]8 kf08f_ – -cfOn'/; ˚Nh]G;_
ln·;fª – -k|fcf]gf]8g kfl8{Sn/_
x'“8f/ – -xfOgf xfOgf_
r/L af3 -n]k8{ Sof6_ – -˚]lnn a]+ufn]lG;;_
lnS; – -˚]ln; ln+S;_
Wjf“;] lrt'jf – -lgcf]˚]ln; g]a'nf];f_
af3 – -kfGy]/f 6fOlu|;_
lxp“ lrt'jf – -kfGy]/f clG;o_
h·nL xfQL – -On]˚; dflS;d;_
u}+8f – - /fOgf]l;/; o'lgslg{;_
;fgf] hftsf] a“b]n – -;; ;Ndfg;_
s:t'/L d[u – -d:r; dl:r˚]/;_
afx|l;+uf – -;/e; 8'df;]ln_
uf]/j8\;g – -j; uf]+/;_
of]s gfs – -j; u|lGgoG;_
cgf{ – -j'jfn; j'jfln;_
gfog – -cf]ld; cfDdg_
lr? – -kfGyf]nK; x8;f]gL_
s[i0f;f/ – -PlG6nf]k ;lg{sfkf{_

 bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

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rf}sf – -6]6«fslg{s Sjfl8«slg{;_

k+IfL -PE;_
sfnf] :6s{ – -;Lsf]lgof gfOu|f_
;]tf]:6s{ – -l;sf]lgof l;sf]lgof_
;f/; – -u|; u|;_
rL/ – -Sofl6«P; jflnrfO{_
8f“˚] – -nf]˚f]˚f]/; OlGkhfg;_
df]gfn – -6«fuf]gkfg ;f6fO/f_
v/ d'h"/ – -ykf]8f]l6; a]+·fn]lG;;_
;fgf] v/ d'h"/ – -;fOl˚cf]6fO8; OlG8sf_
7"nf] wg]z – -a';]/; jfOsl+g{;_
3;|g] hftsf hGt' -/]k6foN;_
clh·/ – -kfO{yg l:kl;h_
3l8ofn uf]xL – -Uofleofln; UofGh]l6S;_
;'g uf]xf]/L – -ef/fg; Çnfd];]G;_

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cg';"rL – @
================================

 bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f vf/]h .

16