ENGLISH FOR MASS COMMNICATION

A FILE ON
PRACTICAL ACTIVITIES

Submitted to Mahendra Multiple Campus

In Partial Fulfrillment for the Bachelor’s Degree of

Education in English

By
Sanam Rai

Symbol No.

Mahendra Multiple Campus

Dharan, Sunsari, Nepal

2076
 Acknowledgement

This project has been prepared for practical exam of English for Mass Communication (Eng. Ed.
433). I have tried to prepare it on the basis of the resources prescribed for this report, the main
of the project work is providing required knowledge and skills basically inb= the field of
teaching and learning.

I express my sincere gratitude to my ever respecterd lecture Mr. Mohan Kumar Pokhrel
lecturer of Mahendra Multiple Campus, Dharan. I am heartly thankful him for his particular and
important suggesations which inspired us to prepare this project work.

I am thankful Mr. Yamnath Baral Assistance Campus Chief of Mahendra Multiple Campus,
ZDharan for his important imformation about this project work. I must talk to all of them who
helped me directly and indirectly to collect the sources of data. I would like to say thanks to all
friends and those friends who always helped me in every step of my study or this project work
for their cooperative help.

Finally my thanks goes to Sanam Rai of the for ‘Apline Printer, Dharan, Sunsari for typing,
printing, designing and binding of project work.

________________

Sanam Rai
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

UNIT 1:- COLLECTION SAMPLS OF ONLINE CONVERSATION

1.1 Sample of Facebook

1.2 Sample of E-Mail
1.3 Sample of SMS
UNIT 2:- COLLECTION OF TWENTY COMMERICAL ADVERTISEMENT

2.1 The Himalayn Post

2.2 The Kathmandu Post

2.3 The Republica

2.4 The Rising Nepal

UNIT 3:- COLLECTION OF TWO POLITICAL SPEECH IN ENGLISH

3.1 Political Speeches

3.2 Write Radio News

UNIT 4:- WATCH & LISTEN POLITICAL NEWS INTERVIEW AND CHAT SHOW INTERRVIEW

4.1 Political News & Interview

4.2 Chat Show Interview

UNIT 5:- COLLECTION OF FOUR NEW STORIESD ON DIFFRFENT EVENTS

5.1 Collection of Four News Stories

5.2 Write Four Different News Stories

UNIT 6:- WATCH THREE ENGLISH TV PROGRAM

UNIT 1:- COLLECTION SAMPLS OF ONLINE CONVERSATION

1.1 Sample of Facebook

Source: www.facebook.com/amelia

Commentary

In the given chat language, We uses informal as well as familiar words & sentences. We don’t
uses difficult words & the technical terms.
1.2 Sample of E-Mail

Source: www.wilkes.edu

Commentary

In this conversation, they are using formal words & sentences. They are talking about IT
security. They are uses Subject which is really important for E-Mail. It is one of the Professional
E-Mail samples.
 1.3 Samples of SMS

Source: ncell.axiata.com

Commentary

In the given sample of SMS is taking by Ncell data services.language is simple & clear to
understand. It is simply taking about Data expire soon, The SMS from the NCELL has to
address to the customers properly.
UNIT 2:- COLLECTION OF TWENTY COMMERICAL ADVERTISEMENT
2.1 The Himalayn Post

2.1.1 Teachers Wanted

Source: The Himalayn Post 2019

Commentary

It is a short advertisement which is about Teacher Wanted. This advertisement is written in quit
short so it is to understand.
2.1.2 Seceretary

Source: The Himalayn Post 2019

Commentary

It is an quit short advertisement but it is easy to understand. Candidates can easily applied on
this job. Easy Languages are used in this advertisement.
2.1.3 Cashier

Source: The Himalayan post 2019

Commentary

It is a advertisement which is about cashier position job. It is easy to understand and apply.

It is clear and easy.

2.1.4 Study in Australia

Source: The Himalayan Post 2019

Commentary

It is an commercial advertisement which is about to go Study in Australia. It is easy and simple.

Everything is mentioned here like number, address, requirements etc.
2.1.5 Cook Required

Source: The Himalayan Post

Commentary

It is an advertisements which is about cook required. This advertisements isn’t written in clear
language it is not easy to understand.
2.2 The Kathmandu Post

2.2.1 IT Manager

Source: The Kathmandu Post

Commentary

It is an advertisement about IT jobs. It is easy to understand because they are using simple
languages.
2.2.2 Graphic Designer

Source: The Kathmandu Post

Commentary

It is an advertisement about Graphic Designer Jobs. They are using easy language to
understand. They are uses what they need who wants to apply this jobs.
2.2.3 Teachers Wanted

Source: The Kathmandu Post 2019

Commentary

It is an advertisement about Teachers Wanted. This advertisement is writeen in quit short so

that it is easy to understand.
2.2.4 Study in Canada

Source: The Himalayan Post

Commentary

It is an advertisement which is about a study in Canada. This advertisement is achieved of every

students should give opportunity study in Canada. This advertisement is easy to understand
and pretty simple.
2.2.5 Cook Required

Cook Required

\
UNIT 3: - COLLECTION OF TWO POLITICAL SPEECHES

3.1 William Wilberforce's 1789 Abolition Speech

Mr. Wilberforce now rose and said:—When I consider the magnitude of the subject which I am to bring
before the House—a subject, in which the interests, not of this country, nor of Europe alone, but of the
whole world, and of posterity, are involved: and when I think, at the same time, on the weakness of the
advocate who has undertaken this great cause—when these reflections press upon my mind, it is
impossible for me not to feel both terrified and concerned at my own inadequacy to such a task. But
when I reflect, however, on the encouragement which I have had, through the whole course of a long
and laborious examination of this question, and how much candour I have experienced, and how
conviction has increased within my own mind, in proportion as I have advanced in my labours;—when I
reflect, especially, that however averse any gentleman may now be, yet we shall all be of one opinion in
the end;—when I turn myself to these thoughts, I take courage—I determine to forget all my other
fears, and I march forward with a firmer step in the full assurance that my cause will bear me out, and
that I shall be able to justify upon the clearest principles, every resolution in my hand, the avowed end
of which is, the total abolition of the slave trade. I wish exceedingly, in the outset, to guard both myself
and the House from entering into the subject with any sort of passion. It is not their passions I shall
appeal to—I ask only for their cool and impartial reason; and I wish not to take them by surprise, but to
deliberate, point by point, upon every part of this question. I mean not to accuse any one, but to take
the shame upon myself, in common, indeed, with the whole parliament of Great Britain, for having
suffered this horrid trade to be carried on under their authority. We are all guilty—we ought all to plead
guilty, and not to exculpate ourselves by throwing the blame on others; and I therefore deprecate every
kind of reflection against the various descriptions of people who are more immediately involved in this
wretched business.

Having now disposed of the first part of this subject, I must speak of the transit of the slaves in the West
Indies. This I confess, in my own opinion, is the most wretched part of the whole subject. So much
misery condensed in so little room, is more than the human imagination had ever before conceived. I
will not accuse the Liverpool merchants: I will allow them, nay, I will believe them to be men of
humanity; and I will therefore believe, if it were not for the enormous magnitude and extent of the evil
which distracts their attention from individual cases, and makes them think generally, and therefore less
feelingly on the subject, they would never have persisted in the trade.

Source: http://www.brycchancarey.com/abolition/wilberforce2

Commentary

It is a political speech which is about 1789 Abolition Speech. The speech is spoken William Wilberforce.
In this spoken William Wilberforce has used word of language is effective and clear to understand every
person, in this speech, William Wilberforce has used simple and also a bit complex vocabularies in his
speech.
3.2 Trump’s speech to the UN General Assembly

“America is governed by Americans,” he said to the UN General Assembl y on Tuesday in one his highest-
profile speeches of the year. “We reject the ideology of globalism and accept the doctrine of
patriotism.”He also used the opportunity to breeze through America’s national security concerns, such
as nuclear talks with North Korea, tensions with Iran, and his trade war with China.But the speech
amounted to little more than platitudes about his “America First” worldview and quickly dissolved into
patriotic word salad.“Together, let us choose a future of patriotism, prosperity, and pride,” Trump said.
“Let us choose peace and freedom over domination and defeat. And let us come here to this place to
stand for our people and their nations, forever strong, forever sovereign, forever just, and forever
thankful for the grace and the goodness and the glory of God.”But perhaps a boring speech is still better
than the fiery screed he gave last year, in which he vowed to “totally destroy” North Korea for
threatening the US and its allies.

Source: https://www.vox.com/2018/9/25/17901082/trump-un-2018-speech-full-text

Commentary

In this speech, the president of Trump’s uses complex word which is hard to understand. Trump uses
complex words in this speech.
UNIT 4:- WATCH & LISTEN POLITICAL NEWS INTERVIEW AND CHAT SHOW INTERRVIEW

4.1 Political News & Interview

Obama Defends Foreign Policy Records

STEPHAN: OKAY, Mr. President, thank you for doing this.

OBAMA: great to be here

STEPHAN: Let’s talk about ISIS to begin with. Did you bring down that Russian Plane?

OBAMA: Well, we don’t know that yet, It’s a possibility?

STEPHAN: Just a possibility?

OBAMA: Well, we don’t know I think we are still looking at all the details. Any kind of aviation tragedy
like this requires a lot of forensic work. It becomes more difficult when we’re not actively involved on
the ground. We are offering full cooperation with the Egyptions with the Russian and other. But there is
a many possibility that they may have taken place.

4.2 Chat show Interview

We ask Kids How Trump is Doing

ON SATURDAY PRESIDENT TRUMP CELEBRATED HIS FIRST YEAR IN OFFICE.

BEEN ALMOST A YEAR SINCE THE INAUGURATION EVEN THOUGH IT
SEEMS LIKE DOG YEARS LIKE SO MANY MORE. PRESIDENT TRUMP APPROVAL RATING TO THE POLLS IS
37% ISN'T GREAT.THAT'S THE POLL FOR ADULTS I WANTED TO SEE WHAT KIDS THOUGHT.
SO WE STOPPED CHILDREN ON THE STREET AND ASKED HOW IS THE PRESIDENT DOING.
THEIR ANSWERS WENT EXACTLY LIKE
THIS.
>> HOW DO YOU THINK TRUMP HAS
DONE IN HIS FIRST YEAR IN
OFFICE?
>> GREAT.
>> WHAT DO YOU THINK HE'S DONE
THAT'S SO GREAT?
>> TO SAVE THE WORLD.
>> TO SAVE THE WORLD?
FROM WHAT?
>> FROM HARMONY.
[ LAUGHTER ]
>> YOU THINK DONALD TRUMP HAS
DONE A GOOD JOB IN HIS FIRST
YEAR AS PRESIDENT?
>> NO.
>> WHY NOT?
>> BECAUSE HE WANTS TO PUT A
WALL OVER MEXICO AND I LIKE,
LOVE GOING TO MEXICO.
>> WHAT'S THE FIRST THING YOU
THINK OF WHEN I SAY DONALD
TRUMP.
>> SMALL FINGERS AND LITTLE
FACE.
>> WHAT'S THE WORSE THING HE'S
DONE?
>>UM, I THINK HE NEEDS TO STOP
THREATENING NORTH KOREA.
>> WHY?
>> BECAUSE I DON'T WANT TO GET
NUKED.
Source: Jimmy Kimmle Live

In this Interview they ‘re asking some questions about Trump and act like President of America.
Language is easy, simple and easily can understand.
UNIT 5:- COLLECTION OF FOUR NEWS STORIES

5.1.1 Accident News Story

All 11 passengers dead, driver injured in Darchula jeep accident

Mar 2, 2019

Eleven people died on the spot and another sustained serious injuries in a jeep accident in Darchula on
Friday.
The jeep (Ma 1 Ja 280) heading towards Duhu from district headquarters Khalanga fell some 300 metres
down into the Mahakali River at Ratakatha Bhir of Duhu Rural Municipality-3 at around 8pm
yesterday.Those killed in the accident include seven women, three men and a child, Darchula Police
Chief Rabindra Kathayat informed. There were 12 people onboard the vehicle. Jeep driver Dipak Singh
Dhami sustained critical injuries in the accident and was taken to the District Hospital. The hospital later
referred him to Pithauragadh, India for further treatment.
The deceased have been identified as Kalyan Singh Badal, 41 and his 15-year-old daughter Nirmala
Badal; Dhan Bahadur Bam, 24; Pratap Chand, 60; Paruli Dhami, 35; Gomati Bam, 45; Dhana Bam, 71;
Manmati Bhatta, 53; Amara Bam, 55; Sneha Bam, 21; and seven-year-old Ayusha Bam.Pratap and Sneha
are from the adjoining Baitadi district while rest are from Darchula.Security personnel were immediately
deployed at the incident site for rescue operations following the accident. The incident site is located at
a distance of seven kilometres north of the district Headquarters. The difficult terrain and darkness
made it hard to collect the bodies yesterday, eyewitnesses said.
The cause of the accident
Police suspect that the jeep met with an accident after it could not climb up the slope of Ratakatha Bhir,
an area restricted by authority for vehicular movement.According to the District Police Office, the
Darchula-Tinker road section, where the fatal accident occurred, is a risky zone for vehicular
movement.In 2017, District Transportation Committee had restricted the vehicles from plying Shribagad
to Timur of this road section citing extremely narrow road with steep slopes.The administration,
however, allowed tractors and empty vehicles to pass through this section. Passengers were asked to
get off at Tinkur so that empty vehicle could cross this steep area. The passengers again board the
vehicles upon reaching the safe site.
Some vehicles, however, carry passengers ignoring the restriction of the administration while crossing
this section due to which accidents occur frequently , police said.
Source: The Kathmandu Post 02-03-2019

Commentary
In this accident story is about death of passengers. This sting about the accidents is written in the quite
short form, the vocabularies are used to understand for the common readers. The language is used
formal & simple in it. The story is about sadness and negativity for readers, this news is accurately
presented. It is associated to timeliness and accuracy in it.
5.1.2 Program News Story

Conspiracy theorists, far-right agitators head to White House with social media in their sights

President Donald Trump is scheduled to host several right-wing internet personalities at an event
Thursday that the White House said was intended to “share how they have been affected by bias
online.”Trump and other Republican politicians have recently amplified attacks on social media
companies for what they see as unfair censorship directed at conservatives. Trump has repeatedly
decried “censorship” of users who have been banned from social media for breaking terms -of-service
agreements on sites like Twitter and Facebook. Some users have had their accounts terminated by social
media platforms for operating fake accounts or directing hate speech at other users.While the Trump
administration has generally embraced the far-right social media sphere, Thursday’s event will be one of
the first to bring that digital ecosystem into the real world. Disinformation researchers who spoke with
NBC News said the event further legitimizes a network of social media personalities who repeatedly
target politicians and social media users with disinformation, trolling and harassment campaigns.

“I feel like maybe the rest of us are in denial, or disbelief, that these kinds of internet celebrities and
social media influencers are already a powerful force shaping our culture,” sai d Erin Gallagher, who
maps influence networks of targeted harassment and disinformation. “The people and topics that they
elevate with their massive platforms are incredibly toxic and will have very damaging long-term effects
on society.”The toxicity of at least one of the attendees has already caused problems for the
event.Cartoonist Ben Garrison, who was initially invited to the summit, isno longer attending. Garrison
faced criticism for a cartoon that showed George Soros as a puppetmaster. The Anti -Defamation
League called the cartoon “anti-Semitic” in 2017. Images of Soros, a Democratic donor who is frequently
the target of conspiracy theories, have been a recurring trope in Garrison’s cartoons.

Various people have posted on social media their invitations to the event, but it’s unclear whether all
will be attending, given some controversy over their past online behavior.Conspiracy theorist Bill
Mitchell, an online radio host and frequent guest on Infowars who has promoted the Qanon conspiracy
theory, has tweeted that he will attend the event. Tim Pool, a YouTube personality who has pushed the
false conspiracy theory that former Democratic National Committee staffer Seth Rich leaked hacked
emails to WikiLeaks, also plans to attend the event.

Source:- https://www.nbcnews.com/tech/social- media/conspiracy-theorists-far-right-agitators-

head-white-house-social- media-n1028576

Commentary

In this given program the story is about Conspiracy theorists, far-right agitators head to White House
with social media in their sights. President of America is talking about Cyber Security, imformation
technology and social media. This news is complex to reader.
5.1.3 Strange News Story

Weird News Of 2018: Couple Arrested For Interspecies Love Triangle With Husky

A couple from Aurora, Colo. was arrested for four counts of animal cruelty. Police alleged that
Frederick Blue Manzanares, 50, and Janette Eileen Solano, 48, converted a backyard
motorhome into a chamber used to have sex with their dog, a Siberian husky mix named
Bubba.Charges brought against Manzanares and Solano included neglect and
mistreatment.Police had been investigating the alleged crime for almost a year, starting in
March 2017 after Solano called the Aurora Police Department to report an incident of domestic
violence and some dark, weird news. When an officer met her at a local gas station, Solano
informed him that she was leaving Manzanares because he had been pressuring her into having
sex with their dog. Solano confronted Manzanares after she discovered bestiality pictures and
videos on their shared laptop. He responded by asking her to keep an open mind. Then,
according to the arrest affidavit, he spent the following six months “introducing her to bestiality
videos, bestiality forums, as well as providing her different literature on bestiality.”

The homemade chamber included a customized bench with red padding and a dog hormone
spray to arouse the dog. Manzanares would take pictures and videos during the sex acts, which
the police have now obtained. Solano also told authorities that Manzanares sent her pictures of
Bubba while she was at work, along with text messages such as, “He’s thinking of you. ;)”

Source:- https://allthatsinteresting.com/weird-news-2018

Commentary

This is one of the weird, odds & Strange news event. Readers can easily understand &
vocabulary are simple. You can check other news from this source link.
5.1.4 Construction Work News Story

Road stretch opened through the fields prepared for paddy plantation

 Bulldozers used for the construction also destroy water supply mains and over 100 ropanis of
paddy fields.
- Basanta Pratap Singh, BAJHANG

Recommended
Jul 5, 2019-

On Wednesday, farmers were busy planting paddy saplings at Patadewal in Khaptadchhanna

Rural Municipality-6, Bajhang.
More than 20 families were preparing their fields for paddy plantation in Aagase when the canal
suddenly dried up at 12 noon.The farmers thought that the village children had played havoc on
the canal, but soon found that the canal was destroyed by two bulldozers used by Lamtada
Kalukheti Thamlek Ring Road Consumer Committee to open a road stretch through the
fields.“All of us rushed to repair the canal thinking that it was damaged,” said Dane Agri, a
native of Patadewal. “But when I saw what was happening, I lost my mind looking at the
destruction but could not do anything. I just watched the bulldozers destroy the fields and our
paddy.”

According to the farmers, the bulldozers also destroyed water supply pipelines of three drinking
water projects and over 100 ropanis of paddy plantation.
 Paddy plantation in Aagase has come to a halt after the bulldozers destroyed the irrigation
canal and farmers are worried about the paddy saplings drying up.People living in Kosedi,
Tallo Pujari Gaun, Tiune and Rajkot villages are reeling under acute water shortage after the
destruction of the water supply pipelines.Shyam Bahadur Thapa, secretary of the Rajkot
Drinking Water Project, said that locals have been compelled to drink murky water from a
stream. “We have to walk for at least an hour to fetch water from the stream,” said Thapa,
adding that the representatives of Lamtada Kalukheti Thamlek Ring Road Consumer
Committee did not seek consent of the locals before initiating the road construction. “The
whole village is suffering because of the committee’s decision,” he adds.“Farmers and
individual households have been greatly affected due to their negligence,” said Prem Agri, a
local man, adding that more than eight irrigation canals in Khaptadchhanna Rural
Municipality have been destroyed.

Surendra Bahadur Singh, chairman of the consumers’ committee, however, tried to play down
the incident, saying that damage is to be expected when development activities are under way.

“We have to go ahead with development programmes and we know that much damage has
been done. We will repair the damaged irrigation canals and water supply pipelines in the
next five days,” said Singh, “we have to commence construction works anyhow because we
cannot work after the fiscal year ends.”

Source:- https://kathmandupost.ekantipur.com/news/2019-07-05/road-stretch-opened-through-the-
fields-prepared-for-paddy-plantation.html

Commentary
In this given construction work is about Road stretch opened through the fields prepared for paddy
plantation. It is amazing & also weird news. It is related to development of rural area.
They are wasting paddy to construct road. This news is easy to understand to readers because they are
using simple vocabulary.
5.2.1 EDITORIAL: The importance of preserving biodiversity cannot be overstated
It is dispiriting to learn that elephants in Parsa
National Park have been unable to make their
annual migration through the forests of Sarlahi
and into Rautahat. Elephants, nomadic by
nature, need to make this migration every year
not only for their own sake but also for the sake
of the forests. The Pachyderms each eat 330
pounds of plants and fruits in a day, making their
stay at one place a massive drain on the plant life
of the forest--hence their natural migration
patterns. Though the late onset of monsoon is
one aspect, the major reason for their inabilityto
cross, according to experts, is the ongoing
construction of the Kathmandu-Nijgadh fast
track road and the Motihari–Raxaul–Amlekhgunj
oil pipeline in and around the Parsa National
Park and surrounding community forests. If
properly-planned and ample wildlife crossings
are not implemented soon, the elephant
population might be in danger. And the forest
may not be able to sustain and recover from the
amount of vegetation consumed. Moreover,
there is also an increased risk of negative human-
wildlife interactions should the elephants be
barred from using their normal migratory path.
Projects such as the fast track road have become
controversial in many aspects, including the
government turning a deaf ear to local
sentiments. As Nepal pushes forward towards
development and growth, some projects suchas
these are inevitable. Yet, the state’s habit of
repeatedly taking unilateral and hasty
decisions without understanding the
consequences of its actions have been rightly
criticised. In this case, without planning for
proper animal crossings, the government hasnot
only disrupted the elephants’ migration
behaviour, but it has also stopped the natural
path of many other wild animals. The
ramifications of such changes to the ecosystem
can be severe for the fundamental survival ofthe
planet. Moreover, for a country like Nepal, its
rich natural biodiversity is also linked with
economic gains. In the fiscal year 2016-17 over
139,000 tourists visited Chitwan National Park
alone, allowing the park authorities to collect
Rs220 million in revenue--and the number of
tourists visiting all national parks has been
growing year by year. The protection of Nepal’s
wild animals then becomes intertwined withthe
country’s tourism aspirations.
The concerned authorities had promised the
construction of two animal crossings in the
affected area in Parsa back in February 2019.
And the government, specifically the
Department of National Parks and Wildlife
Conservation, in April had developed a complete
revamp of road design across the country to
accommodate wildlife and to prevent negative
human-wildlife interactions. However,monsoon
has arrived, and the animals, especially
elephants, in the affected area in Parsa have
been unable to migrate or cross as usual. The
concerned authorities have to come up with
long-term solutions after consulting with
stakeholders so that such incidents don't occur
during construction. Wildlife crossings have
been a success globally to reduce human-animal
collisions and promote safe passage. This
measure should be encouraged in Nepal, tooand
be built in a timely fashion. However, designers
must also take care to note whether the
crossings are effective--with four constructed in
Chitwan in 2017 at a cost of Rs50 million failing
to accommodate large animals and so being a
useless investment.
5.2.2 EDITORIAL: The war on women
Nepali rulers were probably glad that the public's
attention shifted over the new year away from
deadlocked politics to escalating protests in the
streets of the capital against the latest atrocities
against women.
But that should be short-term relief, for the
reason why gender-based violence, and
stigmatisation are so persistent in Nepal is
because politicians have forgotten what it is all
about. As representatives of the people, it is
their job to ensure the safety, security, and rights
of vulenrable citizens. It is the prolonged political
disarray and the ensuing impunity that has led to
a breakdown in law and order and an increase in
gender-based crime.It is not enough anymore to
use the excuse of entrenched patriarchy or
culturally-accepted gender inequity to explain
away the epidemic of violence against women in
our society. We had a system in place since the
restoration of democracy in 1990 to set things
right, and after the 2008 elections we had the
most representative legislature ever in Nepal's
history. Laws were passed, but enforcement has
been feeble. A male-dominated society has
been slow to change behaviour, and the priority
for media has been male-dominated politics.
A young woman was robbed and raped on
return from Saudi Arabia, a domestic helper was
murdered in Kathmandu, two young women
were burnt alive by family members in Banke
and Bara. These latest atrocities pushed public
outrage beyond the tipping point.
But inquiries at Maiti Nepal show that there are
3-5 women every week who are robbed,
exploited, blackmailed, and abused by airport
personnel. Sita was just the latest, and her story
only came out because relatives dared to
complain to the authorities.
Ironically, the protests in Baluwatar and Singha
Darbar this week have provided the government
an opportunity to earn brownie points and
project itself as a champion of gender equality
without having to change the status quo or
answer difficult questions. If the Bhattarai
government can fast track these cases and put
criminals behind bars, the Nepali media with its
notoriously short attention span will move back
to covering politics and the only women who
make it to the news will be semi-nude models.
Thousands of women were tortured, raped,
killed, and disappeared during the conflict. It's
been almost seven years since the war ended,
but the formation of a Truth and Reconciliation
Commission is still in limbo because of the
collusion of the warring sides which are now
both part of the establishment. War crimes have
gone unpunished. Perpetrators of atrocities
mingle openly with politicians. It is this culture of
impunity that allows policemen like Parsuram
Basnet and others to think that they can get
away with rape and murder.
Demonstrators this week held placards calling
for stricter laws and fast track courts to deal with
rape and domestic violence. But we all know
laws won't suffice, Nepalis must examine the
patriarchal values that perpetuate such
atrocities.
What does it say about our culture which
excuses men when they grope, leer, cat-call,
assault women on public transport, at movie
theatres, in the vegetable market. Worse, they
put the blame on the woman: she asked for it,
her clothes were too revealing, she should not
have been at a party so late at night. And what
message is the state sending when the police
ridicules and harasses victims, refuses to file
their case, and holds them guilty instead?While
the demonstrations in front of Baluwatar might
provide a quick-fix to the women and their
families, the only long-term solution is to raise
young Nepali men and women differently. Teach
them that women's bodies are not free-for-all
objects of desire, they have a voice and their
consent is important.
And instead of commodifying the female body,
the media, movies and tv should be at the
forefront of trying to change social attitudes.
5.2.3 Op-Ed Articles: TU Under Public Scrutiny
Tribhuvan University is under public scrutiny
these days. Several reasons attribute to it. The
cases of gross violation of examination ethics and
norms by the authorities of the Tribhuvan
University Service Commission hogged media
limelight last fortnight. The Service Commission
office bearers have been involved in tampering
and battering the norms of the service
examination with a malicious intent to ensure that
one’s own kith and kin succeeded in the
examination at the expense of the several bona
fide aspirants and competitors.The CIAA has
already brought suit to the special court to try and
convict the accused officials including the chief of
the service commission. Yet another case has
won the media spotlight that has maligned and
eclipsed the image of the university. The case is
concerned with the personnel at the Controller of
Examinations who have been accused of gross
manipulation and miscarriage of the evaluation
process of the Master’s level examination under
the lure of the bribe and illicit income.As part of
obtaining clarification from the TU officials on the
case, the relevant committee of the Parliament
called the registrar, among others, to explain the
reason why irregularities and misconduct have
sapped and transgressed the vitals of the
university to derogate its image and integrity. To
add further, mismanagement and unchecked
encroachment on landed property of the
Tribhuvan University has been reported almost
every other day raising serious concern over the
excessive plunder of the public assets.It is
reported that at least 900 ropanis of land
belonging to the university has been possessed
and used by at least twenty agencies including
police and petrol pumps in the TU compound
whereas some TU departments have to be run in
rented facilities. Moreover, recently the University
Grants Commission (UGC) has also come under
scrutiny, especially for the arbitrary allocation and
expenses of the budget incurred in the wasteful
foreign junkets.The UGC officials are alleged to
have gone for the foreign tours, according to the
media reports, at the end of the financial year to
hurriedly dispose of resources without assessing
the academic returns and rationale of such
initiatives. The statement of Prime Minister KP
Oli, who is the chancellor of the TU, made
recently at a programme is worth reflecting as he
uttered candidly that the university has been
mismanaged and misdirected to convert it into a
workshop to produce the unemployed in the
country.
In addition to the anomalies mentioned above,
granting affiliation has emerged as the major
cause to give rise to unethical practices and
trade-offs in universities. The country at present
has eleven universities, including the Tribhuvan
and the Kathmandu Universities. It is disgusting
to note that these seats of higher education
indeed seem bent on granting affiliations to
sundry private colleges and institutes to introduce
and run classes on different subjects and
disciplines. What astonishes one is that the
Lumbini University established with a view to
promote and support studies on Buddhist
philosophy has awarded affiliation to engineering
colleges.Neither the Lumbini University has its
own constituent colleges for engineering studies
nor does it have relevant expertise, department
and faculty to monitor the same. Similarly, the
Nepal Sanskrit University has 14 constituent and
four affiliated campuses which are not properly
monitored and managed.Moreover, in the same
way, the Tribhuvan University has allowed the
private campuses to introduce programme in
different courses and disciplines with a view to
enticing students. In this context, the Kathmandu,
Purbanchal and Pokhara universities have not
been an exception. Kathmandu University, which
is known so far for its quality and excellence, has
been ahead of others, especially in awarding
affiliation to medical colleges. Out of 17 medical
colleges, 10 are affiliated with it. Similarly,
Pokhara University has four constituent and fifty
eight affiliated campuses while Purbanchal
University has 131campuses as constituent and
affiliated institutions. Altogether 70 campuses
affiliated to Purbanchal University are run in the
Kathmandu Valley alone.
The above information reveals that the
institutions established for higher education in
Nepal are occupied with doing business through
affiliation deals instead of concentrating for
improving quality of higher education in Nepal. It
is alleged that the university authorities prefer to
deal with the private colleges and institutes since
this can give them undue and ill-gotten benefits.
It can be said that public universities and colleges
in Nepal are indiscriminately politicised where the
academic and administrative authorities are
appointed on the basis of their access to and
influence in the power echelon. What generally
matters is their loyalty and support to the party
leadership, not the academic credential and
record. According to the reports the higher level
positions in eleven universities are so allocated
among the political parties that they have got their
share in the major appointments in proportion to
their size and clout in the political power equation.
Many public intellectuals and educationists who
have intimate knowledge on the university
education articulate the need to separate
academics and politics and protect the sanctity
and integrity of the academic institutions in Nepal.
According to the news emanating from University
Grants Commission (UGC) and independent
studies conducted by academics it is learnt that
hundreds of teachers do not teach in the
Source: http://therisingnepal.org.np/news/32891
universities nor do they get engaged in the
academic activities thereby causing a severe
drain on the university resources.
Unless academic institutions are allowed to work
independently to uphold academic integrity,
neither will the present day anarchy seen in
granting affiliation will be contained nor the
decline in the academic standards will be
checked.
(Rijal, PhD, contributes regularly to TRN and
writes on contemporary political, economic
and governance issues)
5.2.4 Op-Ed: Promoting Health Rights
Jhabindra Bhandari
Globally, health is a fundamental human right.
As defined by World Health Organisation
(WHO), health is a state of complete physical,
mental, and social well-being and not merely the
absence of disease or infirmity. The enjoyment
of the highest attainable standard of health is
one of the fundamental rights of every human
being without distinction of race, religion, and
political belief, economic or social condition.
Good health is entirely dependent on several
other important factors, including access to safe
drinking water and sanitation, nutritious foods,
adequate housing, education and safe working
conditions. The right to health also considers
improved access to health care without any
discrimination. The whole idea reinforces the
principle of people-centred care and promotes
human rights.
The 1948 Universal Declaration of Human
Rights specifically mentions health as an
important part of the right to an adequate
standard of living. This declaration clearly
mentions about health and the obligation of
states to respect, protect, and fulfill the sexual
and reproductive health. Additionally, the right to
health is recognised as a human right in the
1966 International Covenant on Economic,
Social and Cultural Rights.
Coherent actions
Furthermore, Alma Ata Declaration 1978
expresses the need for urgent and coherent
actions to protect and promote health of all
people by governments, partners, civil society
organisations and private sectors. This re-
iterates the relevance of supporting national and
international commitments to expand primary
health care services for equity and social justice.
In the recent context, the Sustainable
Development Goals (SDGs) for health are the
key strategic approaches for concerted efforts to
achieve sustained progress.
Like many developing countries, Nepal has
made significant progress in protecting and
promoting health rights of populations across the
country. In this context, Ministry of Health and
Population (MoHP) has recently endorsed new
national health policy 2019 which primarily aims
to promote the right to health by ensuring easy
access to quality health services for all.
Good news that the political commitment to
provide free basic health care services in the
health policy has further been reiterated. In the
federal context, provision of emergency health
care services, basic health service centres in
every ward, primary hospital at local level and
specialised hospital in all provinces are some of
the salient features of the policy for
implementation.
Additionally, provision of reference laboratory
and disease control centres in all provinces
requires trained human resources for health and
adequate physical infrastructures. More
importantly, the health policy has particularly
highlighted the significance of promoting healthy
lifestyle across all populations. Considering the
concept of universal health coverage, concerted
efforts are needed to expand and sustain both
preventive and curative services in an integrated
approach. The MOHP’s initiative such as free
basic health services to all people through
health facilities has been much appreciated by
all stakeholders. The objective of this policy is to
meet the health care demands of majority of the
rural poor, disadvantaged and marginalised
populations. This provision has been
instrumental in ensuring right to health by
increasing access to and utilisation of health
care services in the communities.
Additionally, maternal incentive scheme was
launched in 2005 which was later revised as
safe delivery incentive programme in 2006 with
the aim of reducing high costs associated with
childbirth. Similarly, free health care services to
senior citizens above 70 years and people with
disabilities across all health facilities gained
much appreciation by all stakeholders.
Under the social health security programme, the
social health insurance scheme started in 2014
which helps to prevent people from falling into
poverty due to health care costs. The
catastrophic expenditure on costly health care
services is a matter of concern for people who
are poor and cannot afford the health care costs
in the health facilities. Nepal’s commitment
towards advancing universal health coverage is
steadily gaining momentum. Together with the
partners, civil society organisations and private
sectors, there has been good progress to
address health care needs of poor and
vulnerable populations in most remote areas
where maternal, neonatal and child morbidity
and mortality are still high. The role of local
governments in participatory planning,
implementation, monitoring and evaluation of
health services is vital to reach out the
communities where poverty, health and gender
inequalities are inextricably linked.
With the growing burden of non-communicable
diseases, there are adverse socio-economic
impacts on individuals, families and
communities. Similarly, sustained efforts to
control tobacco, drug abuse, HIV and AIDS, TB
and malaria are needed to reduce the morbidity
and mortality of the targeted populations. The
challenges of reducing maternal, neonatal and
child mortality, malnutrition are still huge as the
progress to tackle these public health issues is
still slow.
Undoubtedly, air pollution, environmental
degradation and climate change have creeping
impacts on public health. More awareness and
advocacy on health promotion interventions for
healthy life styles is essentially needed in both
urban and rural areas. Due to migration and
urbanisation, there is an emerging need to
establish migrant-sensitive health services in all
health facilities.
However, we have a long way to go to protect
and promote health rights of poor, socially
disadvantaged and marginalised populations
across the country. As a ground reality, these
populations are excluded from enjoying good
health. The diseases of poverty in many cases
are compounded and exacerbated by other
Source: http://therisingnepal.org.np/news/32800
inequalities and inequities including gender, age,
sexual orientation or gender identity and
migration status.
Hence, a human rights-based approach to
health is clearly a good option as it provides a
set of distinct principles for setting and
evaluating health policy and service delivery,
targeting discriminatory practices and unjust
power relations that are at the heart of
inequitable health outcomes. In pursuing a
rights-based approach, health policy, strategies
and programmes should be designed explicitly
to improve the enjoyment of all people to the
right to health, with a focus on putting people
first.
Limited efforts
The right to health is internationally recognised
as a fundamental human right. Unfortunately,
there are limited efforts to mainstream human
rights into healthcare programmes and policies
at national and local levels by looking at
underlying determinants of health as part of a
comprehensive approach to health and human
rights. In the present context, capacity building
of local governments and civil society
organisations is extremely important to advocate
on the importance of right to health.
(Bhandari is PhD research fellow in public
health at Chulalongkorn University, Thailand)
UNIT 6: THREE ENGLISH TV PROGRAMME

6.1 Britain’s Got Talent (BGT)

Britain's Got Talent (often abbreviated to BGT) is a televised British talent show competition,
and part of the global Got Talentfranchise created by Simon Cowell. Presented by Anthony
McPartlin and Declan Donnelly (colloquially known as Ant & Dec), it is produced by
both Thames (formerly Talkback Thames) and Syco Entertainment, distributed by Fremantle,
and broadcast on ITV every year in late Spring to early Summer. The show premiered on 9
June 2007, after its initially planned premiere in 2005 was scrapped and production suspended,
following a dispute between the broadcaster and Paul O'Grady, the originally planned host for
the programme.
Every year, contestants of any age can audition for the show with whatever talent they wish to
demonstrate, with auditionees seeking to impress a panel of judges in order to secure a place in
the live episodes - the current lineup consists of Simon Cowell, Amanda Holden, Alesha Dixon,
and David Walliams. Those that make it through the auditions compete against other acts in a
series of live semi-finals to secure votes from the public and judges, with the winning two acts of
each semi-final proceeding into the show's live final. The winning finalist is awarded two prizes -
a cash prize, and a place within that year's performances for the Royal Variety
Performance before members of the British Royal Family. As of 2019, the show has had thirteen
winners, ranging from musicians and singers to variety acts, magicians and dancers.A
significant show in British popular culture, Britain's Got Talent is the UK's biggest television
talent competition, ahead of both The X Factor (also created by Cowell) and The Voice UK. On
average, it draws viewing figures of 9.9 million viewers per series - the show's live final in
the third series attracted a record 17.3 million viewers, obtaining a 64.6% audience share at the
time of its broadcast. To accompany each series since it first began, a sister show is run
on ITV2 entitled Britain's Got More Talent presented by Stephen Mulhern. As of January 2019,
the programme is contracted to run until 2022.

Lost Voice Guy has won Britain's Got Talent 2018.

Over 2.5 million people voted in this year’s finale, the comic beating Robert White (the bookies
favourite) and Donchez Dacres, who placed second and third respectively, to be crowned the overall
winner.The 37-year-old from Newcastle has cerebral palsy which affects his ability to speak and uses a
voice synthesiser for his act.

The comedian, real name Lee Ridley, has become the first ever stand-up comedian to win the
prestigious award, taking home the £250,000 prize money and the opportunity to play fore the Queen at
the Royal Variety Performance.Speaking to the audience via a synthesiser after being named this year’s
champion, Ridley said: “I have been blown away by the support of the judges and the general public, I’m
very excited to perform in front of the Queen. I’ve loved her since she sang ‘Bohemian Rhapsody’.”

Simon Cowell, one of the show’s judges, said: “To you, you so deserve this. I’m so happy.

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Britain%27s_Got_Talent
6.2 Jimmy Kimmel Live
In January 2003, Kimmel permanently left The Man Show to host his own late-night talk
show, Jimmy Kimmel Live!, on ABC. In the April 2007 issue of Stuffmagazine.com, Kimmel was
named the "biggest badass on TV". Kimmel said it was an honor but clearly a mistake.Despite its
name, the show has not actually aired live since 2004, when censors were unable to properly bleep
censor a barrage of swearing from actor Thomas Jane. During an incident during the 2004 NBA
Finals in Detroit, Kimmel appeared on ABC's halftime show to make an on-air plug for his show. He
suggested that if the Detroit Pistons defeated the Los Angeles Lakers, "they're gonna burn the city of
Detroit down ... and it's not worth it." Officials with Detroit's ABC affiliate, WXYZ-TV, immediately
announced that that night's show would not air on the station. Hours later, ABC officials pulled that
night's show from the entire network.
Kimmel later apologized. Kimmel usually ends his show with "My apologies to Matt Damon, we ran
out of time." When Matt Damon did actually appear on the show to be interviewed, he walked in and
sat down only to be told just a few seconds later by Kimmel, "Unfortunately, we are totally out of
time," followed by "my apologies to Matt Damon." Damon appeared angry but both performers have
since indicated that their faux-feud is a joke.
In February 2008, Kimmel showed a mock music video with a panoply of stars called " I'm Fucking
Ben Affleck" as "revenge" after his then-girlfriend Sarah Silverman and Damon recorded a similar
video titled, "I'm Fucking Matt Damon". Silverman's video originally aired on Jimmy Kimmel Live! and
became an "instant YouTube sensation." Kimmel's "revenge" video featured himself, Ben Affleck,
and a large lineup of stars, particularly in scenes spoofing the 1985 "We Are the World" video: Brad
Pitt, Don Cheadle, Cameron Diaz, Robin Williams, Harrison Ford, Dominic Monaghan, Benji
Madden and Joel Madden from Good Charlotte, Lance Bass, Macy Gray, Josh Groban, Huey
Lewis, Perry Farrell, Christopher Mintz-Plasse, Pete Wentz, Meat Loaf, Rebecca Romijn, Christina
Applegate, Dom Joly, Mike Shinoda, Lauren Conrad, and Joan Jett, among others.
After this, Kimmel 's sidekick, Guillermo, appeared in a spoof of The Bourne Ultimatum, which
starred Damon. He was then chased down by Damon, who was cursing about Kimmel being behind
all this. Guillermo also stopped Damon on the red carpet one time and before he could finish the
interview he said, "Sorry, we are out of time." The most recent encounter was titled "The Handsome
Men's Club" which featured Kimmel, along with the "Handsome Men", who were: Matthew
McConaughey, Rob Lowe, Lenny Kravitz, Patrick Dempsey, Sting, Keith Urban, John
Krasinski, Ethan Hawke, Josh Hartnett, Tony Romo, Ted Danson, Taye Diggs, Gilles Marini,
and Ben Affleck, speaking about being handsome and all the jobs that come with it.
At the end of the skit Kimmel has a door slammed in his face by none other than Matt Damon,
stating that they had run out of time and then Damon continues with a sinister laugh. Jennifer
Garner also makes a surprise appearance. As a tradition, celebrities voted off Dancing with the
Stars appear on Jimmy Kimmel Live!, causing Kimmel to describe himself as "the three-headed
dog the stars must pass on their way to No-Dancing Hell."In October 2013, a new segment of the
show, "Kids Table", showcased five- and six-year-olds discussing the U.S. government shutdown
and U.S. debts. When one of the children suggested "killing all the people in China", as a way of
resolving the U.S. debt, Kimmel responded that that was "an interesting idea" and soon jokingly
asked a follow up: "Should we allow the Chinese to live?
The incident triggered discussions and protests on Internet, even from Mainland China. In an
October 25 letter to a group called the 80-20 Initiative, which identifies itself as a pan-Asian-
American political organization, ABC apologized for the segment, saying "We would never
purposefully broadcast anything to upset the Chinese community, Asian community, anyone of
Chinese descent or any community at large. More than 100 people took to the streets in San
Francisco on October 28 to protest the show and demand "a more elaborate apology" and that
Kimmel be fired. On that day's broadcast, Kimmel addressed the controversy personally, saying: "I
thought it was obvious that I didn't agree with that statement, but apparently it wasn't ... So I just
wanted to say, I'm sorry, I apologize. Despite the apologies from ABC and Kimmel, protests
continued. A White House petition was created to investigate this incident and reached the 100,000
signatures needed to require a response from the White House. The Congressional Asian Pacific
American Caucus denounced the incident and demanded a formal apology from ABC.

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Kimmel
6.3 Game of Thrones

Game of Thrones is an American fantasy drama television series created by David Benioff and D. B.
Weiss for HBO. It is an adaptation of A Song of Ice and Fire, George R. R. Martin's series of fantasy
novels, the first of which is A Game of Thrones. The show was both produced and filmed in Belfast and
elsewhere in the United Kingdom. Filming locations also included Canada, Croatia, Iceland, Malta,
Morocco, and Spain. [1] The series premiered on HBO in the United States on April 17, 2011, and
concluded on May 19, 2019, with 73 episodes broadcast over eight seasons.
Set on the fictional continents of Westeros and Essos, Game of Thrones has several plots and a
large ensemble cast and follows several story arcs. One arc is about the Iron Throne of the Seven
Kingdoms and follows a web of alliances and conflicts among the noble dynasties either vying to claim
the throne or fighting for independence from it. Another focuses on the last descendant of the realm's
deposed ruling dynasty, who has been exiled and is plotting a return to the throne, while another story
arc follows the Night's Watch, a brotherhood defending the realm against the fierce peoples and
legendary creatures of the North.
Game of Thrones attracted a record viewership on HBO and has a broad, active, and international fan
base. It was acclaimed by critics for its acting, complex characters, story, scope, and production values,
although its frequent use of nudity and violence (including sexual violence) were criticized. The series
received 47 Primetime Emmy Awards, the most by a drama series, including Outstanding Drama
Series in 2015, 2016, and 2018. Its other awards and nominations include three Hugo Awards for Best
Dramatic Presentation (2012–2014), a 2011 Peabody Award, and five nominations for the Golden Globe
Award for Best Television Series – Drama (2012 and 2015–2018).
Of the ensemble cast, Peter Dinklage has won three Primetime Emmy Awards for Outstanding
Supporting Actor in a Drama Series (2011, 2015 and 2018) and the Golden Globe Award for Best
Supporting Actor – Series, Miniseries or Television Film (2012) for his performance as Tyrion
Lannister. Lena Headey, Emilia Clarke, Kit Harington, Maisie Williams, Nikolaj Coster-Waldau, Diana Rigg,
and Max von Sydow have also received Primetime Emmy Award nominations for their performances.

Source: https://www.hbo.com/game-of-thrones

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Game_of_Thrones

Commentary

Game of Thrones (GOT) is one of the most famous TV shows.