Smart Grid & Integration of Renewable Energy Resources

What is Smart Grid ?

The Smart Grid is a combination of hardware, management and reporting software, built atop an intelligent communications infrastructure. In the world of the Smart Grid, consumers and utility companies alike have tools to manage, monitor and respond to energy issues. The flow of electricity from utility to consumer becomes a two-way conversation, saving consumers money, energy, delivering more transparency in terms of end-user use, and reducing carbon emissions.

What is Smart Grid ?

Modernization of the electricity delivery system
so that it monitors, protects and automatically optimizes the operation of its interconnected elements from the central and distributed generator through the high-voltage network and distribution system, to industrial users and building automation systems, to energy storage installations and to end-use consumers and their thermostats, electric vehicles, appliances and other household devices.

The Smart Grid in large, sits at the intersection of

Energy, IT and Telecommunication Technologies.
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Pillars of Smart Grid

Transmission Optimization Demand Side Management Distribution Optimization

Asset Optimization

SMART GRID IN TRANMISSION

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Technology Integration & Grid Management

Need for development of Smart Grid having features like Phasor Measurement Technique Wide Area Measurement (WAM)

Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS)

Adoptive Islanding Self healing Grids Probabilistic and Dynamic Stability Assessment Distributed and autonomous Control
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Benefits of PMU
Time synchronized sub-second data

Dynamic behavior observing

Directly provides the phase angles

(State Estimation to State Measurement)

Improve post disturbance assessment High data rates and low latency due to computation

SCADA Vs PMU

Open Close Close Close

~
V P Q Hz KV MW MVAR Hz

Several Seconds to a Minute

milli secs to sec

Network model
State Estimator

Traditionally developed for accommodating old information technology regime (Slow communication, data without time stamp) LD&C_SCADA

Made possible for all round development in technologies

Overview of Smart Grid

Smart Grid in Power Sector

Asset Management HVDC and UHVAC etc.

Transmission

Advance Metering Infrastructures Asset Management etc.

Distribution System Operations

Self Healing Grids WAMS Adaptive Islanding etc.

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Smart Grid in Distribution

Smart Grid in Distribution

Distribution Automization

Demand Optimaization - Selective Load Control

Operation Islanding of Micro-grids

Distribution Automization/Optimization

Managing Distribution Network Model

Outage management and AMI Integration DMS & Advanced Switching Applications

Integrated Voltage / VAR Control

Demand Optimization
Demand Response Utility Demand Response Consumer

Demand Response Management System

In Home Technology enabling

Demand Optimization
Smart Metering Automatic, Time of Use, Consumer Communication & Load Control Communications : Automated Metering Infrastructure (AMI) LAN, WAN, HAN DRMS (Demand Response Management) In Home enabling technology Demand in three category:
Immediate, Deferrable, Storable

Customer aggregation & De-aggregation required for

Peak shifting

Demand Optimization: Advanced Web Portal

Energy Usage Information Utility Communication Consumer Enrollment in DR programs In Home Technology- Availability & Purchase , Device Provisioning

Control Center with Service Oriented

Architecture (BUS)
Having
GIS (geo-spatial Information Systems), AMI, SAP (ERP), OMS (Outage management System), DMS (Distribution Management System), EMS (Energy Management System),

DRMS (Demand Response management System).

Model manager synchronizes GIS data with OMS, DMS & EMS.

Expectation of Technology & Solution Partners

To associate and collaborate with Smart Grid players in other parts of globe Develop local expertise to manufacture and provide support services Development of CIM

Application Development in India Power Sector Context.

Why Smart Grid?

Integrate isolated technologies : Smart Grid enables better energy management. Proactive management of electrical network during emergency situations. Better demand supply / demand response management. Better power quality Reduce carbon emissions. Increasing demand for energy : requires more complex and critical solution with better energy management

Drivers of Smart Grid

Increasing demand: High Aggregate Technical & Non Technical, Losses:18%62% Ageing assetstransformers, feeders etc., Grid to carry more power: Need for, Reliability and greater Security Billing and collections: Profitability of distribution companies Energy mix: Need for Renewable to reduce carbon footprint

Implementation leads to ..
Deliver sustainable energy Increased efficiency Empower consumers Improve reliability Smart Grid

New Technologies for..

Energy Storage to support a Resilient Smart Grid
(Comparing & evaluating cost competitiveness of: Compressed air, pumped hydro, ultra capacitors, flywheels, battery tech, fuel cells.)

Smart Grid & Electric Vehicle Integration

(How can electric Vehicle optimize the use of renewable energy resources, improve efficiency)

Wind Generation Potential in INDIA

Wind Power Potential

The wind power potential on a national level, base data collected from 10 states considering only 1% of land availability, is around 46,092 MW.

Wind Speed: 6.0 m/s

Wind Speed: 6.4 m/s

Wind Speed: 7.0 m/s Wind Speed: 7.5 m/s Wind Speed: 8.0m/s

Estimated Wind Power Potential India

State
Andhra Pradesh Gujrat Karnatka Kerala Madhya Pradesh Maharashtra Orissa Rajasthan

Gross Potential (MW)

9063 7362 7161 1026 4978 4519 1520 6672

Tamil nadu
West Bengal Total

4159
32 46092

Map showing the solar radiation across India

Solar Power Potential

If tropical India were to convert just 1% of the 5,000 trillion kilowatt-hour of solar radiation (or, simply, sunlight) it receives a year into energy, the country will have enough to meet its energy needs. In most parts of India, clear sunny weather is experienced 250 to 300 days a year. The annual global radiation varies from 1600 to 2200 kWh/sq.m. The equivalent energy potential is about 6,000 million GWh of energy per year. The highest annual global radiation is received in Rajasthan and northern Gujarat.

Challenges Faced by Smart Grid

Present Infrastructure is inadequate and requires augmentation to support the growth of Smart Grids. Most renewable resources are intermittent and can not be relied on (in its present form)for secure energy supply Regulatory Policies to deal with consequences of Smart Grid; like off peak, peak tariffs and other related matters. Grid Operation : Monitoring & control

POWERGRIDS INITIATIVES IN IMPLEMENTATION OF SMART GRID TECHNOLOGIES

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POWERGRIDs Initiative towards Smart Grid

Pilot Project in Northern Region Intelligent Monitoring & Control of the Interconnected Electric Power Grid Using Wide Area Measurements (WAM) for Western Region

NR Pilot Project
PMUs (Phasor Measurement Units ) with GPS system to be installed at four substations of Northern Region and PDC at NRLDC, Delhi. (PMU Locations: Moga- 400 KV, Kanpur- 400 KV S/s, Vindhyachal- HVDC, Dadri- HVDC ) To use Phasor Measurements data for better situational awareness and technology evaluation using minimal hardware & software Use of existing fibre communication link Project implementation plan: 4 Month from date of award

Status of Project

The Project is awarded to M/s SEL on 11/01/10 The completion is likely by May2010

Intelligent Monitoring & Control of the Interconnected Electric Power Grid Using Wide Area Measurements (WAMs) for Western Region

Intelligent Monitoring & Control of WR Electric Power Grid Using Wide Area Measurements (WAMs)
The Project is approved by CSIR & Funded by CSIR (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research) under New Millennium India Technology Leadership Initiative (NMITLI) Along with POWERGRID other members consortium are: TCS-Leader IIT Mumbai Tata Power Company Limited (Tata Power) of the

Wide Area Measurements (WAM) Project Highlights

Project Duration 3 Years Implementation Completion 2 Years and testing in last one year.

Integration of Renewables
Net Zero Energy / Water / Waste Green Community Self Sufficient & Reliant Judicial Mix of various Technologies and Options for different use Use or Supply Draw or Store Storage Options Type of Use Heating /Cooling Illumination / Ventilation Machine Operations Appliance Powering ( Computers / Printers / Copiers / Faxes) Domestic Appliances

Integration of Renewables
Chioce of Current

AC or Dc AC DC DC AC DC DC

Switches and Disconnectors Availability of Domestic DC Appliances - Power Packs Connectivity to Grid Size of Plant, Distance to Consumers Control Strategy and Methodology availability of softwares