Chapter 3: Newtonian Fluid Mechanics

Polymer Rheology

Mass Balance

(continued)

rate of increase d  U dV of mass in V dt V

Consider an arbitrary volume V enclosed by a surface S

net flux of v dS mass into V   U n S through surface S

outwardly pointing unit normal

Faith A. Morrison, Michigan Tech U.

Chapter 3: Newtonian Fluid Mechanics

Polymer Rheology

Mass Balance

(continued)

Leibnitz rule

d v dS U dV   U n dt V S

vU U v dS dV   n vt S   U v  dV
V

Gauss Divergence Theorem

vU  U v  dV  0 vt

Faith A. Morrison, Michigan Tech U.

Chapter 3: Newtonian Fluid Mechanics

Polymer Rheology

Mass Balance

(continued)

Since V is arbitrary,

vU  U v  dV  0 vt

Continuity equation: microscopic mass balance

vU  U v   0 vt

Faith A. Morrison, Michigan Tech U.

Chapter 3: Newtonian Fluid Mechanics

Polymer Rheology

Mass Balance

(continued)

Continuity equation (general fluids)

vU  U v   0 vt vU  U v   v U  0 vt
DU  U v   0 Dt

For U=constant (incompressible fluids):

v  0
Faith A. Morrison, Michigan Tech U.