Bi 1.

Tn hiu v h thng ri rc thi gian

I. L thuyt
1.1 Cc tn hiu ri rc thi gian
a. Xung lc n v
(n) = 1

n=0

n0

u(n) = 1

n<0

n0

r(n) = 0

n<0

n0

b. Bc n v

c. Dc n v

d. Hm m thc
x(n) = an

n0

n<0

e. Tn hiu sin, cos

x(n) = A sin(2**f*n)
f. Tn hiu m phc
x(n) = rn ej
xR(n) = rncosn
xI(n) = rnsinn
|x(n)| = rn
(n) = arctg

1.2 Cc h thng ri rc thi gian:

a. Lc trung bnh dch chuyn

x I ( n)
= n
x R ( n)

b. H thng tuyn tnh v phi tuyn ri rc thi gian

Cho 3 tn hiu x1(n), x2(n) v x(n) = ax1(n)+bx2(n). Cho cc tn hiu qua h thng
h(n), ta c cc ng ra tng ng y1(n), y2(n) v y(n).
Nu y(n) = ay1(n) + by2(n), kt lun h thng h(n) l h thng tuyn tnh v ngc
li y(n) ay1(n) + by2(n) ta c h thng phi tuyn

II. Thc hnh:

S dng cc lnh Matlab sau: ones, exp, real, imag, zeros, xlabel, ylabel, plot,
subplot, hold on, axis, title, stem, clf, legend.
Bi 1.
a. V tn hiu xung lc n v, bc n v, dc n v, hm m thc vi n trong
khong [-10,10].
b. V tn hiu hnh sin, cos vi tn s f = 100 v gc pha bng 45o
c. V xR(n), xI(n), |x(n)| v (n) khi r = 0.9 v = /10 trong khong [-,]
Bi 2:
V cc tn hiu sau:
a. x(n) = e 0.3n
n / 12
sin
b. x(n) = e

n
6

n/5
cos
c. x(n) = e

n
4

Bi 3. Lc trung bnh dch chuyn

To tn hiu x(n) gm 2 thnh phn tn s thp v cao
x(n) = cos(2**0.05*n) + cos(2**0.47*n)
Thc hin lc trung bnh dch chuyn c chiu di M nhp vo t bn phm.
* S dng cc lnh: input, filter, ones
Bi 4. Kho st v v h thng phi tuyn ri rc thi gian sau:
y[n] = x2[n] x[n-1]x[n+1] vi x(n) = cos(2*pi*0.05*n)
Bi 5. Kho st tnh tuyn tnh ca h thng sau:
Xt h thng cho bi
y[n] 0.4y[n-1]+0.75y[n-2]=2.2403x[n]+2.4908x[n-1]+2.2403x[n-2]
vi cc chui ng vo

x1[n] = cos(2*pi*0.1*n)
x2[n] = cos(2*pi*0.4*n)
x[n] = ax1[n]+bx2[n] , a = 2, b = -3
dng hm filter ln lt tnh cc ng ra ca lc y1(n), y2(n) v y(n). Kt lun v tnh tuyn
tnh ca h thng

Bi 2. Phn tch h thng trong min thi gian v trong

min tn s
I. L thuyt:
1.1 p ng xung:
p ng xung ca b lc l chui tn hiu ng ra ca b lc khi a vo b lc
mt chui xung n v
1.2 p ng tn s:
p ng tn s ca h thng hay bin i Fourier ca p ng xung h(n) ca h thng
l:
M /2

H ( ) =

h(k )e jk

k= M / 2

H ( ) dB = 20 lg H ( )

II. Thc hnh:

* S dng cc hm trn Matlab: freqz, abs, angle.
Bi 1: Kho st v v p ng xung ti 4 tn s ct /4, 0.4, /2 v 3/4 ca h(n) nh
sau:
h( n) =

sin c n
,
n
c
,

n 0
n= 0

a) Tnh v v h(n) 21 v 45 mu (1 gc v 10 mu mi bn gc).

b) Tnh v v p ng tn s |H()| v |H()|dB .
Bi 2: ng dng nh l dch chuyn tn s
h( n) =

sin c (n

(n
c
,

H ( ) = e

[ h(

M
)
2 ,

0 n M,n

M
)
2

n=

M
2

M
2

m/2
M
M
) + 2 h(n) cos( n) ] ) vi c = /2
2
2
n= 0

c) Tnh v v h(n) 21 v 45 mu (1 gc v 10 mu mi bn gc).

d) Tnh v v p ng tn s |H()| v |H()|dB .
Bi 3:
Lc Fir c cc h s:
h(0) = h(14) = -0.014112893
h(1) = h(13) = -0.001945309
h(2) = h(12) = 0.04000004
h(3) = h(11) = 0.01223454
h(4) = h(10) = -0.09138802
h(5) = h(9) = -0.01808986
h(6) = h(8) = 0.3133176
h(7) = 0.52
Tnh v v p ng tn s |H()| v |H()|dB.

Bi 3. Thit k lc FIR v thit k lc IIR

I.

L thuyt

1.1.

Tch chp

Nu x(k) v h(k) c chiu di hu hn th y(k) cng c chiu di hu hn v php ly

tch chp trn c thc hin bng hm conv trong Matlab.
1.2 Hm truyn t ca b lc
Nu X(z) l bin i z ca tn hiu vo x(k), v Y(z), H(z) l bin i z ca y(k)
v h(k) tng ng, ta c:

vi a(i), b(i) l cc h s ca b lc
Nu n = 0 (b l 1 v hng) th b lc trn l b lc p ng xung v hn IIR
Nu m = 0 (a l 1 v hng) th b lc trn l b lc p ng xung hu hn FIR

II. Thc hnh

* S dng cc hm: conv, filter, filtfilt (cho php loi b mo pha trong qu trnh
lc), fftfilt (thc hin qu trnh lc trong min tn s).
Bi 1: Lc phi quy FIR c cc h s:
a0 = 0.04, a2 = -0.05, a4 = 0.06, a6 = -0.11, a8 = 0.32, a9 = -0.5, a10 = 0.32,
a12 = -0.11, a14 = 0.06, a16 = -0.05, a18 = 0.04
Cc h s khc bng khng. Tnh p ng tn s ca lc trn.
Bi 2:
a. Thit k lc IIR:
H ( ) =

1 1.77e j

0.14e j 2
+ 1.19e 2 0.28e j 3

V p ng bin v p ng pha trong khong [-,].

b. Thit k lc IIR:
H ( ) =

1 1.902e j + e j 2
1 1.8523e j + 0.94833e 2

V p ng bin v p ng pha trong khong [-,].

Bi 3: Thit k lc dy chn c p ng xung:

h( n) =

sin n

sin n
n

vi 2 = 3n/5 v 1 = 2n/5
a. V p ng xung vi -10 n 10
b. V p ng tn s |H()| v |H()|dB trong khong [-,].
Bi 4. S dng cng c SPTOOL trn Matlab to cc h s lc cho 1 lc thng thp tn
s ct 1KHz. Sau lp trnh thit k lc da trn cc h s ny. Tng t cho lc thng
cao, thng qua v thng cao.

Bi 4. DFT v FFT v ca s

I. L thuyt:
1.1 DFT
Bin i Fourier ri rc thi gian DFT l cng c c bn nht trong x l tn hiu
s. Bin di DFT ca 1 chui tn hiu ng vo x c dng nh sau:

1.2 Window
Barlet: w(n) = 1

n
M+1

-M n M

0,
Hann: w(n) =

trng hp khc

1
2 n
[1 + cos
],
2
2M + 1

-M n M

0,

trng hp khc

Hamming: w(n) = 0.54 + 0.46 cos

2 n
, -M n M
2M + 1

0,

trng hp khc
2 n
4 n
+ 0.08 cos
,
2M + 1
2M + 1

Blackman: w(n) = 0.42 0.5 cos

0,

-M n M
trng hp khc

p ng tn s ca ca s (DTFT):
M

H ( ) =

w( n)e j n

n= M

H ( ) =

w(n) e j n =

n= M

H ( ) dB = 20 lg H ( )

II. Thc hnh

* S dng cc hm: filter, fft, ifft

w(n)

n= M

Bi 1. Xc nh v v bin v pha ca bin i DFT ca tn hiu x(t) = sin(30t)

+sin(80t), tn s ly mu 100 Hz. Dng bin i DFT ngc khi phc li tn hiu
ban u. So snh vi tn hiu gc.
y = fft(x);
m = abs(y), p = unwrap(angle(y));
f = (0:length(y)-1)*99/length(y);
xr = real(ifft(y));
Bi 2. V p ng tn s ca cc ca s trn trong 2 trng hp M = 25 v M = 10.
Bi 3.
a) Cho p ng xung:
h(n) =

cos(n )
,n0
n
0,

n=0

Tnh v v h(n) vi -10 n 10

b) p ng xung nhn qu
h(n) =

cos(n M / 2) sin( n M / 2)

, n M/2
(n M / 2)
(n M / 2) 2
0,

n = M/2

Tnh v v h(n). Nhn xt kt qu so vi cu a)

c) p ng tn s dng h(n) nh cu b)
M = 20

Ht() =

h(n).e j n

n= 0

d) p ng tn s s dng ca s Hamming
w(n) = 0.54 + 0.46 cos

2 n
M

0 n M = 20

Tnh v v ht(n) = h(n)w(n)

0 n M = 20.
M = 20

Tnh v v p ng tn s: H() =

n= 0

ht (n).e j n

Bi 4: Tng t bi 3 vi p ng xung
hd (n) =

sin( n M / 2) 2 sin( n M / 2)
(n M / 2)

vi 2 = 2*pi/3,

1 = pi/3

wn = 0.42-0.5*cos(2*pi*n/M)+0.08*cos(4*pi*n/M)
a. Tnh v v h(n) = hd(n)* w(n), vi M = 67
b. V p ng tn s |H()| v |H()|dB trong khong [-,].