STATISTICS FORMULAS

r relative frequency : f i =

arith. mean : x =

x
n
xh =

fi
r

fi

r , f i (%) =

fi fi

100 , f i r = 1 and

f
i i i

r i

(%) = 100

, i = 1, , n ,

= x1 + x 2 + + x n , x =
i i

weighted mean : x = xi f i or x =

( x f %) / 100
xh =

x f f

n 1 x ungrouped data, i
n

harmonic mean:

f 1 x f
i i

- frequency distribution.
i
n

geom. mean: x g =

x1 x 2 x n = n

xi ungrouped, x g = f
i =1

ii

x
i =1

fii

frequency distribution

quadratic mean: xq =

x
n

2 i

ungrouped, xq =

1 the mode : Mo = x0 + k 1 + 2

x f f
2 i i

2 i

f i r frequency distributions

1 = f Mo f Mo 1 2 = f Mo f Mo +1

the median : Loc Me =

n n +1 , n 100 or Loc Me = ,n 100 and Me = x0 + k 2 2

+1

classMe1

f
i =1

f Me

absolute range : Ax = Rx = xmax xmin , relative range : Ax % = Rx % = individual deviations : d i = xi x ;

mean absolute deviation (MAD): d
i i i

d =

x x f f
i r i =1 i

( x x ) = 0 ( x x ) f = 0 x x - ungrouped, d = x x f = n f
i

xmax xmin 100 x

i

frequency

r i

= xi x f i r

variance:

=
2

d
i =1

2 i

n
i

( x =
2

x)

x =
n

2 i

x2

- ungrouped data,

=
2

d
i =1 n i =1

2 i

fi
i

( x x ) f
i

fi

frequency distribution.

( x x) = f
i r i
2

fir

= ( xi x ) f i r
2

standard deviation: = or =
2

d
n

2 i

( x

x)

for ungrouped data,

d f f
2 i i

( x x ) f
i i

fi

for grouped data. =

coefficient of variation: v =

d or c.v. = ; x x

( x x) f
i r i

fir

( x

x ) fir
2

coefficient of skewness =

x Mo

overall error = y j y 0 ; y0 = overall mean =

yj fj
j

; y j y 0 = y j yi + yi y 0

2 2 2 2 rule of variances : 0 = y / x + ; overall variance : 0 =

2 partial variance (variance within the group) : y / x =

2 variance among groups (between groups) : =
2 y/x 2 0

( yi y0 )

( y y ) f
j 0 j
2

fj

2 2 ; 0 = y/x +

2 02

coefficients : ratio of determination : R =

2

f f
2 i i

f
i

fi

2 ; ratio of non-determination : K = 2 0
2

R 2 + K 2 = 1;

R 2 % + K 2 % = 100%