Code: DE06

Subject: BASIC ELECTRONICS

(iii) When VCE falls below the value of VBE (i.e. below a few tenths of a volt.), Ic decreases rapidly. In fact, at this stage, the collector-base junction is also forward biased and the transistor works in saturation region, where Ic becomes independent of input current IB. (iv) In the active region, Ic = Ib, hence a small change in base-current IB produces a large change in output current (IC) (v) When the input current IB = 0, the collector current IC is not zero but its value is equal to the reverse leakage current ICEO (i.e. collector emitter current when base is open). Q.60 Prove that in a transistor operating in CE-configuration, the active region, collector current IC is given by IC= IB + ( + 1) ICO Marks (3) Proof: In CE configuration, the input current is IB and the output current IC. These currents are related by the equations: IE = IB + IC and IC = IE + ICBO = (IB + IC) + ICBO Or IC (1 - ) = IB + ICBO

Ans:

IC =

1 IB + I CBO 1 1

In CE configuration, if the base circuit is open (i.e., IB = 0), the collector current will be the current to the emitter. This current is abbreviated as ICEO that means collector-emitter current with base open. Hence,

I CEO =

1 I CBO = ( + 1)I CBO (1 )

1 Q = + 1 1

and the basic current amplification factor

in terms of

is given by the equation

By substituting these values in the above equation, we get total collector current as IC = IB + ( + 1) ICBO Hence Proved.

Q.61 Ans:

Define the three FET parameters gm, rd and

. Prove that =gm x rd

Marks (5)

FET Parameter: Transconductacce: It is defined as the ratio of change in drain current to the change in gate-source voltage at constant drain-source voltage and is denoted by gm. Thus, Transconductance,

gm =

I D at constant VDS VGS

AC Drain Resistance: It is defined as the ratio of change in drain-source voltage to change in drain current at constant gate-source voltage and is denoted by rd. Thus, AC drain resistance,

rd =

VDS at constant VGS I D

Amplification Factor (): It is defined as the ratio of change in drain-source voltage to the change in gate-source voltage at constant drain current and is denoted by .

VDS at constant ID VGS VDS Proof: Amplification Factor is given by = VGS

Thus, Amplification Factor,

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