DIPOLE-DIPOLE FORCES

By: Felicia Tanzil 11 IB 1 Chemistry - SL

Dipole-dipole forces are attractive forces between the positive end of a polar molecule and the negative end of another polar molecule. Strength of forces is ionic > hydrogen bonding > dipole dipole > dispersion The greater the polarity (difference in electro negativity of the atoms in the molecule), the stronger the dipole-dipole attraction.

A DASHED LINE IS USED TO REPRESENT AN INTERMOLECULAR ATTRACTION BETWEEN MOLECULES BECAUSE THESE FORCES ARE NOT AS STRONG AS CHEMICAL BONDS.

EFFECT ON BOILING POINTS OF SUBSTANCES

melting or boiling point is a result from the weakening of the attractive forces between the covalent molecules. Bigger intermolecular force = more energy required If a molecule has a permanent net dipole then the force between these molecules will be stronger than if only van der waals forces were present between the molecules. The result is that the substance will have a higher melting or boiling point than similar molecules that are non-polar in nature.

Consider the boiling points of the hydrides of Group VII elements.

FACT

polar solutes such as glucose (C6H12O6) will dissolve in polar solvents such as water (H2O) or ethanol (ethyl alcohol, C2H5OH)

QUESTIONS
1.

Which has the smallest dipole-dipole forces

1. 2. 3. 4.

HI F2 H2S CH3I

2.

3.

Which one the following has the biggest boiling point? (HCl/ HBr/ HF) A non-polar substances will have higher boiling points. (true or not)