Lamarsh Solutions

Chapter-2
2.5
This is a question of probability,
For molecules which have an approximate weight of 2, there are two
1
H and we can find the
probability or the percentage over 1 as,
0.99985*0.99985=0.99970
The same calculation can be made for the mol. weights of 3 and 4
For 3 there are one
1
H and one
2
H and so,
0.99985*0.00015=1.49e-4
For 4 there are two
2
H and so,
0.00015*0.00015=2.25e-8
2.7
From table of nuclides we can find the atomic weights of O and H using the abundances
2
1
( ) [99.759 15.99492 0.097 16.99913 0.204 17.99916]
100
( ) 15.99938
1
( ) [99.985 1.007825 0.015 2.0141]
100
( ) 1.007975
( ) 18.01533
m O x x x x
m O
m H x x x
m H
m H O
= + +
=
= +
=
=

(a)
# of moles of water=
50
18.01533
=2.76 moles
(b)
# of
1
H atoms=2.76 moles x 0.6022e24 x 2 atoms of H x 0.99985 abund. =3.32e24 atoms of
1
H
(c)
# of
2
H atoms=2.76 moles x 0.6022e24 x 2 atoms of H x 0.015e-2 abund. =4.98e20 atoms of
2
H


2.16
The fission of the nucleus of
235
U
releases approximately 200MeV. How much energy (in kilowatt-
hours and megawatt-days) is released when 1 g of
235
U
undergoes fission?
Solution:
235 24 235 21
1
1 0.6022 10 2.563 10
235
g
g U fissioned Uatoms atoms
g
= =

Released Energy:
21 21
200
2.563 10 512.6 10
1
MeV
atoms MeV
atoms
=

26
21
4.450 10
512.6 10 22810
1
kWhr
MeV kWhr
MeV

= =
1
22810 0.9505
24
day
kWhr MWd
hr
= =

2.20
2 2
0
0
2
2

1
rest tot
E m c E mc
m
m
c
u
= =
=

,in question we see the square of E_rest and E_tot ,so we do

2
2 2
0
2
( ) ( )
rest
tot
E m c
E mc
=
and from here we find
2
2
0
2
( ) ( )
rest
tot
m E
m E
=
and knowing the
relation between m_0 and m as
2
2 0
2
( ) 1
m
m c
u
=
we find,
2 2
2 2
1
rest
tot
E
c E
u
=
and finally
2
2 2
2
(1 )
rest
tot
E
c
E
u =
and
2
2
1
rest
tot
E
c
E
u =
as wanted.
2.22
(a) wavelength of a 1 MeV photon can be found as,
1.24 6 1.24 6
1.24 12 1240
1 6
e e
e m fm
E e eV

= = = =

(b) wavelength of a 1 MeV neutron can be found as,
2.86 9 2.86 9
2.86 12 cm 28.6
1 6
e e
e fm
E e eV

= = = =

2.27




There are a ground state at the buttom and three excited states following it.And the possible
gamma rays are,
E1=0.403-0.208=0.195 MeV E2=0.208-0.158=0.005 MeV E3=0.158-0=0.158 MeV
E4=0.403-0.158=0.245 MeV E5=0.208-0=0.208 MeV E6=0.403-0=0.403 MeV

2.29
(a)
3 3
1 2
H He | u

+ +

(b)
1
ln 2
1.79 9sec
12.26
e onds
years

= =
after that we know at any time t the activity is,
N o =
, the activity of Tritium in question is ,1mCi=3.7e7 dis/sec ;by using the activity
formula we can find the # of Tritium atoms,
3.7 7
2.06 16
1.79 9
e
N e
e
= =

atoms, and the mole # of tritium and then the mass of it found
as,
# of moles=
2.06 16
0.6022 24
e
e
=3.43e-8 and finally mass=3.43e-8 x 3.016 grams=1.03e-7gr
2.33
Well again use the relation
N o =
. Here using half-lifes,
137
134
7.27 10
1.06 8
Cs
Cs
e
e

=
=
and finally using above formula we find the # of atoms per cm3 as,
3
137
3
134
156 6 Ci x 3.7e10
7.93 15 atoms/cm
7.27 10
26 6 Ci x 3.7e10
9.07 13 atoms/cm
1.06 8
Cs
Cs
e
N e
e
e
N e
e

= =

= =

2.37
We know at time t,which is asked,that
25
25 28
0.03
N
N N
=
+
and now this ratio is,
*
25
* *
25 28
0.0072
N
N N
=
+
, in here
25
28
*
25 25
*
28 28
t
t
N N e
N N e

=
=

And using these relations after some maths manipulation we found that,
28 25
*
( )
28 25
*
28 25
7.25 3
32.33
t t
e N N
e
N N

=
from here the time is,1.6e9(billion)years ago
2.40
A A B
A A A
B A A B B
- t - t - t
A
A 0 B 0
B A
dN =- N dt
dN = N dt- N dt

from here N (t)=N e and N (t)=N (e -e )

As mentioned in the question ,
A B
<< ,when we expand the exp. function
A
- t
e
into Taylor
series,see easily that ,
A
- t
e ~1 and some manipulation like,
A B B
- t - t - t
A A
B 0 0
A
B
B
B

N (t)=N (e -e ) N (1-e )

(1 )

And from here :
B
- t
0 A
Activity,B=N (1-e )
and for long times , t ,activity of B
approaches to
0 A
N
which is the activity value the parent nucleus would approach
2.59
In the question ,
25
25 28
N
0.025
N N
=
+
is given.
And we can relate the w/o to the atomic densities as follows,
25
28
19 x w x 0.6022e24
N =
235.04
19 x (1-w) x 0.6022e24
N =
238.05
in here w is the weight percent
From here, w=0.0246 and the atom density of
25
N =1.19e21
2.62
First well compute the atomic weight of U as,
1 1 3.5 96.5
= ( ) 237.89
M 100 235 238
U
M + = then the molecular weight of
2
UO is 237.89+2 x
15.999=269.87.The percent by weight of U in
2
UO is(237.89/269.87)=0.88 w/o.
Average density of U is, 0.88 x 10.8=9.52 g/cm3 and the density of U-235 is 9.52 x 0.035=0.33
gr/cm3.
The atom density of U-235 is then,
25
0.33 x 0.6022e24
3
N = 8.53 20 atoms/cm
235.04
e =