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Chng 6: Truyn d liu s: Giao din v Modem CHNG 6

TRUYN D LIU S: GIAO DIN V MODEM

Sau khi m ho tn hiu thnh dng mong mun truyn i th cn tip tc nghin cu v qu trnh truyn dn. Cc thit b x l thng tin to ra dng tn hiu cn thit nhng thng thng cn h tr truyn tn hiu ny trong cc kt ni thng tin , tc l cn to ra giao din. Thc t, cc thit b t cc nh sn xut khc nhau thng c kt ni nhau trong mng, tc l nht thit phi nh ngha v thit lp cc chun chung . Cc c tnh c lin quan n giao din thng bao gm cc c tnh v c (th d dng bao nhiu dy truyn tn hiu), cc c tnh v in (th d tn s, bin , v gc pha ca tn hiu) v cc c tnh v chc nng. Cc c tnh ny thng c m t trong nhiu chun v nm trong lp vt l ca m hnh OSI. 6.1 TRUYN D LIU S Cc phng thc truyn s liu, nh v hnh 6.

Hnh 6.1 6.1.1Truyn song song

Hnh 6.2 u im ln nht ca phng thc ny l tc . Tuy nhin, yu t hn ch ln nht l chi ph. Phng thc ny cn n dy dn khi truyn n bit, nh th phng thc ny thng b gii hn trong c ly gn, nh hnh 6.2. 6.1.2Truyn ni tip

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Hnh 6.3 Ch cn mt knh truyn, gim gi thnh v chi ph vn hnh, bi ton chuyn i ni tip/song song v song song/ni tip, nh hnh 6.3. C hai phng thc truyn ni tip chnh: truyn ng b v truyn khng ng b. 6.1.2.1 Truyn khng ng b (asynchronous transmission) Trong phng thc ny, ta truyn mt bit start (0) ti u bn tin v mt hay nhiu stop bit (1) cui bn tin. C th tn ti khong trng gia cc byte Khng ng b y c hiu l khng ng b cp byte, nhng vn ng b tng bit, do chng c thi khong ging nhau.

Hnh 6.4 Vic thm vo cc bit start v bit stop, cng nh khong trng lm cho qu trnh truyn c chm hn, tuy nhin chi ph truyn thp cng tnh hiu qu cao lm cho phng thc ny l mt chn la ti u th d trng hp thng tin vi tc thp, th d qu trnh truyn d liu gia bn phm v my tnh , theo ngi dng ch gi mt lm mt k t, v thng li nhng khong thi gian trng ng k gia hai ln truyn, v hnh 6.4. 6.1.2.2 Truyn ni tip ng b Trong phng thc ny cc dng bit c t hp thnh nhng khung (frame) ln hn vi nhiu byte. Mi byte c a vo truyn khng tn ti khong trng. My thu c nhim v nhm cc bit ny li.

Hnh 6.5

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Trong qu trnh truyn dng ny, yu t ng b l rt quan trng, quyt nh chnh xc ca qu trnh. u im ca phng thc ny l tc truyn , nn thng dng trong cc phng thc truyn dn tc cao nh truyn d liu gia cc my tnh. Byte to tn hiu ng b thng c thc hin trong lp kt ni d liu nh v hnh 6.5. 6.2 GIAO DIN DTE-DCE 6.2.1 DTE (Data Terminal Equipment): Thit b u cui d liu l ngun hoc ch ca d liu s. 6.2.2 DCE (Data Circuit-Terminating Equipment): Thit b mch u cui d liu l thit b pht hay nhn d liu dng tng t, s qua mng. DTE to ra d liu s v chuyn n DCE, DCE chuyn tn hiu ny thnh cc dng thch hp cho qu trnh truyn. Khi n ni nhn th thc hin qu trnh ngc li, nh trong hnh 6.6.

Hnh 6.6 6.2.3 Cc Chun: EIA v ITU-T pht trin nhiu chun cho giao din DTE-DCE nh trong hnh 6.7. EIA c cc chun: EIA-232 EIA-449, EIA-530, , ... ITU-T pht trin cc chun V series v X series.

Hnh 6.7 6.2.4 Giao din EIA-232 Chun giao din quan trng ca EIA l EIA-232 (trc y gi l RS-232) nhm nh ngha cc c tnh v c, in v chc nng ca giao din gia DTE v DCE. 6.2.4 .1Cc c tnh v c Chun nh ngha giao din dng cp 25 si dng cc u ni DB-25 c v ci, vi chiu di khng qu 15 mt (50 feet), ngoi chun ny cn cho php thc hin vi DB-9 dng cp 9 si. 6.2.4 .2 Cc c tnh v in

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nh ngha mc in p v dng tn hiu c truyn trong giao tip DTE-DCE. +Gi d liu: Dng NRZ-L, vi mc in p dng cho bit 0 v in p m cho mc 1, nh hnh 6.8.

Hnh 6.8 + iu khin v nh thi: Cc c tnh v in ca EIA-232 nh ngha tn hiu OFF<-3 volt v ON>+3 volt nh hnh 6.9. V bit rate,chun EIA-232 cho php tc ti a l 20 Kbps, cho d trong thc t thng ln hn.

Hnh 6.9 6.2.4 .3 Cc chc nng chnh C hai dng DB-25 trong hnh 6.10 v DB-9 trong hnh 6.11. a. DB-25

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Hnh 6.10 b. DB-9

Hnh 6.11 Th d: Trong hnh 6.12, m t ng dng ca EIA-232 trong qu trnh truyn ng b fullduplex. Modem ng vai tr DCE v DTE l my tnh. Qu trnh ny gm 5 bc t chun b cho n clearing. Truyn ch song cng ton phn, nn h modem/my tnh u c th truyn /nhn tn hiu, tuy nhin theo EIA ngh xp mt h thng l b ch th (indicator) v b cn li lm p ng (responder)

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1. Shield 3. Received data 5. Clear to send 7. Signal ground

2. Transmitted data 4. Request to send 6. DCE ready 20. DTE ready 8. Received line signal detector 17. Receiver signal element timing 24. Transmitter signal element timing

1. Bc 1: Cho thy cc bc chun b truyn ca giao din. Hai mch ni t, 1 (shield) v 7 (signal ground) c tc ng gia t hp pht my tnh/modem (tri) v t hp thu my tnh/modem (tri). 2. Bc 2: Bo m l 4 thit b sn sng cho vic truyn dn. u tin, DTE pht tc ng chn 20 v gi tn hiu DTE ready n DCE ca mnh. DCE tr li bng cch tc ng vo chn 6 v thng bo tn hiu DCE ready, cho c hai b thu pht. 3. Bc 3: Set up cc kt ni vt l gia modem pht v modem thu, bc ny c xem nh m On cho qu trnh truyn v l bc u tc ng vo mng. u tin, b DTE pht tc ng chn 4 v gi n DCE ca mnh tn hiu request to send. DCE gi tn hiu carrier cho modem nhn (ang rnh). Khi modem thu nhn c tn hiu carrier, th tc ng vo chn 8 (tn hiu line signal detector) ca phn thu, bo cho my tnh bit l qu trnh truyn sp bt u. Sau khi truyn tn hiu carrier xong, b DCE pht tc ng chn 5, gi n DTE ca mnh tn hiu clear to send. Phn thu cng vn hnh theo cc bc tng t. 4. Bc 4: Qu trnh truyn d liu. My tnh khi to vic chuyn d liu ca mnh n modem qua chn 2, km theo xung ng b ca chn 24. Modem chuyn tn hiu s sang tn hiu analog v gi tn hiu ny vo mng. Modem thu nhn tn hiu, chuyn tr li thnh tn hiu s v chuyn d liu n my tnh qua chn 3, c cc xung ng b t chn 17. My thu hot ng vi cc bc tng t. 5. Bc 5: Sau khi c hai pha truyn xong, hai my tnh ngng tc ng mch request to send; cc modem tt cc tn hiu carrier, b received signal detector (do khng cn tn hiu na pht hin) v mch clear to send (bc 5). Modem rng (Null modem): truyn trc tip d liu gia hai thit b DTE gn nhau v hnh 6.13.

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Gi s khi ta truyn trc tip d liu gia hai my tnh trong cng mt ta nh, th khng cn c modem do qu trnh truyn khng cn chuyn i sang tn hiu analog, nh dy in thoi v khng cn qu trnh iu ch tn hiu, tuy nhin ta vn cn phi thit lp giao din thc hin trao i thng tin (tnh sn sng, truyn d liu, nhn d liu, ...) theo cc chun ca cp do EIA-232 DTE-DCE qui nh. Cch lm l dng modem rng (null modem) (theo chun EIA) to giao din DTE-DTE khng c DCE.Cc yu cu khc Do trong giao din EIA-232 DTE-DCE dng cp c u ci ti DTE v u c DCE, nn null modem phi c hai cc ni u l ci nhm tng thch c EIA-232 DTE port, l cc cc c. Crossing connection (kt ni cho): truyn trc tip d liu gia hai thit b DTE gn nhau cn kt ni cho hnh 6.14.

Hnh 6.14 6.3. CC CHUN GIAO DIN KHC Chun EIA-232 gii hn c ly v dung lng tc truyn 20Kbps vi c ly 15 mt. T nh cu cn gia tng tc v c ly, EIA v ITU-T a ra thm cc chun: EIA449, EIA-530, v X.21. 6.3.1 EIA-449 Tiu chun c: DB-37 v DB-9 v hnh 6.15.

Hnh 6.15 +Chc nng cc chn Pin 1 2 Function Shield Signal rate error Category Pin 20 21 Function Receive Common Unassigned Category II I

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Bi ging: Truyn s liu 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 Unassigned Send data Send timing Receive data Request to send Receive timing Clear to send Local loopback Data mode Terminal ready Receive ready Remote loopback Incoming call Select frequency Terminal timing Test mode Signal ground II I II I I I I II I II I I I II

Chng 6: Truyn d liu s: Giao din v Modem 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 Send data Send timing Receive data Request to send Receive timing Clear to send Terminal in service Data mode Terminal ready Receive data Select standby Signal quality New signal Terminal timing Standby indicator Send common II I II II I I I I I I II I I I II

Category I cho cc chn Category II cho cc chn

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+ Chc nng cc chn ca DB-9 Pin 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Shield Secondary receive ready Secondary send ready Secondary receive data Signal ground Receive common Secondary request to send Secondary clear to send Send common Function

+ Cc c tnh v in ca RS-423 v RS-422 EIA-449 dng hai chun nh ngha cc c tnh v in: RS-423 (Hnh 6.16;cho mch khng cn bng) v RS-422 (Hnh 6.17; dng cho mch cn bng). RS-423: Ch khng cn bng

Hnh 6.16

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RS-422: Ch cn bng: chng nhiu

Hnh 6.17 Trit nhiu trong ch cn bng (hnh 18)

6.3.2 EIA-530 EIA-449 cung cp cc chc nng tt hn EIA-232, tuy nhin li cn dng DB-37 trong khi cng nghip li chung DB-25. Nn pht trin chun EIA-530 l chun EIA-449 nhng dng DB-25. Chc nng cc chn ca EIA-530 v c bn l ging EIA-449 (tra li cho tng trng hp c th). RS 485 ging nh RS 422 nhng thch hp cho cu hnh a im, 32 thit b mc vo kt ni, PLC. 6.3.3 X.21 L chun giao din do ITU-T thit k nhm gii quyt cc vn cn tn ti trong giao din EIA v hng n xu hng thch hp cho mi dng thng tin s. iu khin dng mch s Phn ln mch in trong giao din EIA thng c dng cho kim tra (iu khin) Cc mch ny rt cn thit do cc mch chun thng c thit lp ring bit, dng cc mc in p dng v m. Tuy nhin, nu m ha cc tn hiu ny theo dng s v dng

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k thut truyn dn s th c th dng chnh ng d liu mang cc thng tin iu khin dng s ny. X.21gii quyt bi ton ny cho php giao tip dng t chn hn nhng c kh nng dng c trong h thng thng tin s X.21 c thit k hot ng vi mch cn bng, tc 64Kbps, v phi hp vi nhiu chun cng nghip hin ti. Chc nng cc chn DB-15 (hnh 6.19).

Hnh 6.18 6. ng b byte: dng byte, khng dng tng bit, ci thin tnh nng ng b.

iu khin v khi to: dng khi to trong qu trnh bt tay (handshaking), hay chp thun truyn. Function Shield Transmit data or control Control Receive data or control Indication Signal element timing Byte timing Signal ground Pin 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Function Transmit data or control Control Receive data or control Indication Signal element timing Byte timing Reserved

Pin 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

6.4 MODEM Modem = modulator/demodulator, v hnh 6.20.

B iu ch s (modulator): Chuyn i tn hiu s sang tn hiu dng analog nh ASK, FSK, PSK hay QAM. B gii iu ch s (demodulator): Khi phc tn hiu s t tn hiu ASK, FSK, PSK hay QAM.

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Hnh 6.19

Tc truyn: tc cao hay tc thp ty thuc s lng bit truyn mi giy (bps)

Bng thng: hot ng vi kh sng ca dy in thoi c kh sng ch l 3.000Hz, hnh 6.21.

Hnh 6.20

Tc modem: hot ng vi cc phng thc ASK, FSK, PSK v QAM vi cc tc truyn theo bng di y:

ASK: Ta bit rng kh sng dng trong truyn dn ASK th bng tc baud ca tn hiu. Gi s ton kt ni c dng cho mt tn hiu, d l simplex hay halfduplex, th baud rate ti a trong iu ch ASK bng ton kh sng dng trong truyn dn. Do kh sng hiu dng ca ng in thoi l 2400 Hz, baud rate ti a cng l 2400 bps. Do baud rate v bit rate l ging nhau trong iu ch ASK, nn bit rate ti a cng l 2400 bps nh hnh 6.22.

Hnh 6.21 Trng hp truyn full duplex th ch mt na kh sng ton th l c dng cho mi chiu. Nh th, tc ti a ca truyn dn ASK trong ch full-duplex l 1200 bps. Hnh

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6.23 minh ha quan h ny, vi nhn xt l ASK tuy c tc bit tt nhng hin khng c dng trong modem v nhiu.

Hnh 6.22 7. FSK: Kh sng dng trong truyn dn FSK th bng tc baud ca tn hiu cng vi lch tn s. Gi s ton kt ni ch c dng cho mt tn hiu, l simplex hay half-duplex, th tc baud l bng ton bng thng ca truyn dn tr cho lch tn s. Do tc baud v tc bit l ging nh trong FSK nn tc bit ti a cng l 2400 bps tr cho lch tn s (nh hnh 6.24).

Hnh 6.23 Trng hp full-duplex th ch c na kh sng ca kt ni c dng trong mi hng truyn. Nh th, tc l thuyt ln nht ca FSK trong trng hp ny l phn na kh sng tr i lch tn s, nh v hnh 6.25.

Hnh 6.24 8. PSK v QAM: Nh bit th kh sng ti thiu cn cho PSK v QAM th ging trng hp ASK, tuy nhin tc bit c th ln hn ty theo s bit c dng biu din mi n v d liu. So snh: bng di y tm tt v tc bit ti a trong dy xon i in thoi, khi dng ng dn l bn dy th bit rate trong trunghp full-duplex s tng gp i. Trong trng hp ny th hai dy c dng gi tn hiu v hai dng cho nhn, tc l kh sng c nhn i. Tc bit rate l thuyt ca modem:

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Modulation (Dng iu ch) ASK= 2-ASK FSK 2-PSK 4-PSK, 4-QAM 8-PSK, 8-QAM 16-QAM 32-QAM 64-QAM 128-QAM 256-QAM

Tc bit -Half-duplex (Bn song cng)- bps 2.400 <2.400 2.400 4.800 7.200 9.600 12.000 14.400 16.800 19.200

Tc bit -Full-duplex (Song cng)- bps 1.200 <1.200 1.200 2.400 3.600 4.800 6.000 7.200 8.400 9.600

Cc chun modem: hai chun modem Bell v modem ITU-T.

modem Bell: do Bell Telephone ra 1970. L nh sn xut u tin v hu nh l c quyn trong mt thi gian di. Bell nh ngha vic pht trin cng ngh v cung cp cc chun thc t cho cc nh sn xut khc. Hin nay, c hng chc cng ty cung cp hng trm dng modem trn th gii.

Hin nay, vi nhiu kiu a dng truy xut pht t c s ban u ca Bell. Vic nghin cu cc modem u tin s gip ta hiu r hn v cc c tnh c bn ca modem, nh v trong hnh 6.26:

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Hnh 6.25

103/113 series: mt trong nhng kiu c thng mi ha u tin, y l dng hot ng trn c s full-duplex dng in thoi hai dy. Ch truyn ng b, dng phng php iu ch FSK. Tn s l 1070 Hz = 0 v 1270 Hz = 1. Tn s tr li l 2025 Hz = 0 v 2225 Hz = 1. Tc d liu l 300 bps. Series 113 l bin th ca series 103 c thm mt s c tnh th nghim. 202 series: Hot ng halfduplex dng in thoi hai dy. Phng thc truyn dn khng ng b, dng iu ch FSK. Do truyn half duplex, nn ch dng mt tn s truyn 1200 Hz = 0 v 2400 Hz = 1.

Ch l trong nhng sri ny th cn c mt tn s truyn ph hot ng trn tn s 387 Hz, dng phng php iu ch ASK vi tc bit l 5 bps. Knh ny c thit b thu dng cho bn pht bit l kt ni v gi i bn tin yu cu ngng truyn (dng iu khin lu lng) hay yu cu gi li d liu.

212 series: c hai tc . Tc ty chn th hai nhm tng thch vi nhiu h thng khc. Hai tc u vn hnh full duplex dng dy in thoi, tc thp, 300 bps dng phng thc iu ch FSK truyn khng ng b, tng t nh ca series 103/113. Tc cao. 1200 bps, c th vn hnh theo ch ng b hay khng ng b v dng phng php iu ch 4-PSK. Dng cng tc 1200 bps nh ca sri 202 nhng sri 212 hot ng full duplex thay v half duplex. Ch khi chuyn t FSK sang PSK, nh thit k gia tng ng k hiu qu truyn dn. Trong 202, hai tn s dc dng gi i nhiu bit theo mt chiu. Trong 212, hai tn s biu din hai chiu truyn khc nhau. Qu trnh iu ch c thc hin bng cch thay i pha trong cc tn s ny, tc l dch bn pha biu din hai bit. 201 series: hot ng half hay full duplex dng in thoi bn dy. Bng thng tng ca hai dy in thoi c dnh cho mt chiu truyn dn, nh th vi bn dy th c hai knh truyn theo hai hng, ch dng mt modem cho Trang 120

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mt u. Truyn dn dng ch ng b, iu ch 4-PSK tc l ch dng mt tn s cho vic truyn mi cp dy. Vic chia hai hng truyn trong hai cp dy cho php mi chiu truyn dng ht bng thng ca dy. Tc l, vicng mt cng ngh, tc bit l gp i ln 2400 bps (hay 1200 baud) trong c hai ch half v full duplex (2400 bps vn ch l phn na tc d liu l thuyt trong phng php iu ch 4 PSK trong hai dy in thoi).

208 series: hot ng theo ch full duplex dng ng dy thu (leased line) 4 dy. Truyn ng b, dng iu ch 8 PSK. Tng t nh trong 201, series 208 dng full duplex thng qua vic tng gp i s dy dn, khc bit y l phng thc iu ch dng ba bit (8-PSK) cho php tng tc bit ln n 4800 bps. 209 series: tng t, dng full duplex, phng thc iu ch 16 QAM , vi bn bit, cho php nng tc ln n 9600 bps.

Chun ca ITU-T

Ngy nay, hu ht cc modem thng gp u dng tiu chun do IUT- T. Trong ni dung ny, ta chia thnh 2 nhm; nhm tng thch vi modem ca Bell th d nh V.21 tng t nh 103 v nhm cc modem khng ging, nh v bng di y: So snh tnh tng thch gia ITU-T/Bell: ITU-T V.21 V.22 V.23 V.26 V.27 V.29 Bell 103 212 102 201 208 209 Baud rate 300 600 1200 1200 1600 2400 Bit rate 300 1200 1200 2400 4800 9600 Modulation FSK 4-PSK FSK 4-PSK 8-PSK 16-QAM

Nhm cc modem khng tng ng vimodem Bell c m t phn di y v v hnh 6.27.

V.22 bis: l th h th hai ca V.22, dng hai tc , 1200 bps hay 2400 bps, ty theo tc cn ca DCE pht v nhn

Trong ch 1200 bps, V.22 bis dng 4-DPSK (dibit) vitc truyn 600 baud, DPSK l differential phase shift keying, tc l cc bit pattern nh ngha s thay i ca dc pha nh sau: [ 00 thay i 900.; 01 thay i 00; 10 thay i 1800 ; 11 thay i 2700 ]. Trong ch 2400 bps, V.22 bis dng 16-QAM. V.32,V.32 bis, V.32 terbo, V.33, V.34.

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Hnh 6.26 Modem thng minh Mc ch ca modem l iu ch v gii iu ch. Cc modem ngy nay c gi l modem thng minh khi c cha phn mm h tr cc chc nng ph nh t ng tr li hay gi my (dialing), hin ang pht trin rt mnh vi nhiu phng thc hot ng khc nhau. 6.5 MODEM 56K Modems truyn thng: gii hn (dung lng truyn cc i) 33,6 Kbps theo Shannon.

Hnh 6.27 Modem 56K: dng c ch khng i xng, download vi tc 56Kbps v upload vi tc 33.6Kbps.

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Hnh 6.28 MODEM CP Dng phi hp vi h thng truyn hnh cp.

Hnh 6.29

T KHA V NIM
9. 56K Modem 10. Hayes compatible modem 11. Asynchronous transmission 12. Intelligent modem 13. Bell modems 14. Interface 15. Cable modem 16. Link access procedure for modem (LAPM) 17. Data circuit-terminating eqipment (DCE) 18. Data termainal equipment (DTE) 19. Modem 20. DB-9, DB-15, DB- 25, DB-37 21. Modulation - demodulation Bin dch: Nguyn Vit Hng Trang 123 22. Modulator -demodulator 23. Null modem 24. Chun RS-422, RS-423 25. Differential phase shift keying (DPSK) 26. Serial transmission 27. Synchronous transmission 28. Trellis-coded modulation 29. Downloading, uploading 30. Start bit, stop bit 31. EIA-232, EIA-449, EIA 530 32. Vseries, V.21, V.22, V. 22bis, V.32, V.32 bis, V.34, V.42, V.42bis, X.21

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TM TT

D liu c th truyn theo ch song song hay ni tip Trong ch truyn song song, nhm cc bit c truyn ng thi, vi mi bit trn mt ng ring bit Trong ch ni tip, cc bit c truyn tun t trn mt dy Ch ni tip c hai phng thc truyn ng b v khng ng b Trong phng thc truyn khng ng b, mi byte (tm bit) c ng khung dng mt start bit v mt stop bit. C mt khong trng c di thay i gia cc byte. Trong phng thc truyn ng b, cc bit c truyn theo dng lin tc khng c bit start v bit stop v cc khong trng gia cc byte. My thu c nhim v nhm li cc bit thnh c byte c ngha. DTE: (Data terminal equipment) Thit b u cui: l ngun hay ch ca d liu s nh phn DCE (Data-circuit equipment) Mch u cui: nhn tn hiu t DTE v chuyn thnh dng thch hp cho qu trnh truyn trn mng. Mch ny cng thc hin qu trnh chuyn i ngc li. Giao din DTE-DCE c nh ngha bi cc c tnh v c, in v chc nng

Chun EIA-232 l chun c dng nhiu trong giao din DTEDCE gm cc ni 25 chn (DB25), vicc chc nng c th cho mi chn. Cc chc nng ny c th l ground, data, timing, d phng v cha t tn. Chun EIA-449 cung cp tc truyn d liu tt v c ly xa hn chun EIA-232 Chun EIA-449 nh ngha cc cc 37chn (DB-37) c dng cho knh s cp, knh th cp dng cc ni 9-chn. DB-37 chia thnh hai hng mc, Category I (cc chn tng thch viEIA-232) v Category II ( cc chn mi khng tng thch c viEIA-232) Cc c trng v in ca EIA449 c nh ngha bi cc chun RS-423 v RS-422. RS-422 l mch cn bng dng hai dy truyn tn hiu. Suy gim tn hiu do nhiu trong RS422 t hn so vi RS-423. X.21 gim bt s chn iu khin trong giao din nh truyn thng tin iu khin trong cc chn d liu. Modem rng nhm kt ni hai DTE tng thch khng cn mng hay iu ch Modem l mt DCE nhm iu ch v gii iu ch tn hiu Modem chuyn i tn hiu s dng cc phng thc iu ch ASK, FSK, PSK hay QAM. Cc c tnh vt l ca dy truyn gii hn tn s ca tn hiu truyn

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Bi ging: Truyn s liu

Chng 6: Truyn d liu s: Giao din v Modem

Dy in thoi thng thng dng di tn s t 300Hz v 3300Hz. thng tin d liu dng di tn 600hz n 3000hz, v cn c di thng tn (bng thng) l 2400Hz. iu ch ASK d b nh hng ca nhiu Do phi dng hai tn s truyn nn iu ch FSK c bng thng rng hn so vi ASK v PSK. iu ch PSK v QAM c hai u im so viASK: Khng nhy cm vi nhiu Mi thay i tn hiu c th biu din nhiu hn mt bit

Modem thng dng nht hin ny vt qua cc kh nng do modem Bell cung cp (V series) do UIT-T nh ngha. Trellis coding l k thut dng redundancy cung cp tc li b. Mt modem thng minh c cha phn mm nhm thc hin cc chc nng khc vi chc nng iu ch v gii iu ch. Modem 56K l dng khng i xng, nn download vi tc 56K v upload vi tc 33.6 K Cp ng trc dng trong truyn hnh cp c th cung cp bng thng ln (tc l cho php tc bit cao) cho mi trng truyn s liu.

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Bi ging: Truyn s liu * CU HI N TP

Chng 6: Truyn d liu s: Giao din v Modem

1. Gii thch v hai phng php truyn d liu nh phn trn ng truyn ? 2. Cho bit u v nhc im ca phng php truyn song song ? 3. So snh hai phng php truyn ni tip v u v nhc im? 4. Trnh by nhim v ca DTE v DCE ? Cho v d. 5. Cho bit t chc no qui nh v cc chun giao din DTE-DCE? 6. Cho bit mt s chun DTE-DCE? 7. Cho bit cc bc thit lp ca EIA-232? Chng khc nhau nhng im no? 8. Trnh by mc ch ca modem rng (null modem) ? 9. M t cc chn d liu trong null modem? 10. So snh gia RS-423 v RS-232. 11. Ti sao X.21 li c th loi bt mt mt s chn ca chun EIA ? 12. Modem c ngha l g? 13. Trnh by v chc nng iu ch? chc nng gii iu ch ? 14. Cc yu t nh hng ln tc d liu ca ng truyn ? 15. nh ngha v bng thng ca ng dy? Cho bit bng thng ca cc dy in thoi truyn thng? 16. Modem thng minh l g? 17. Gii thch v tnh khng i xng ca modem 56K. 18. Ti sao modem cp li c tc truyn d liu cao ? 19. S khc bit gia knh s cp v th cp trong modem? 20. Ti sao DB-37 li c cc cp dy v sent data, sent timing, v receive data? 21. S khc bit gia cc mch cn bng v khng cn bng? 22. Quan h gia tc truyn d liu v c ly truyn mt cch tin cy trong chun EIA? 23. Ti sao truyn k t (t bn phm) n host computer li l khng ng b? gii thch? 24. Cho bit v cc c tnh c hc ca EIA-232? 25. Cho bit v cc c tnh in hc ca EIA-232? 26. Cc chc nng ca EIA-232 l g? 27. Theo chun EIA-449 th khc bit gia category I v category II l g? 28. Ti sao modem li cn thit cho truyn tin in thoi ? 29. Trong in thoi hai dy, ti sao tc bit khi truyn full-duplex ch bng phn na tc khi truyn half-duplex? 30. FSK c chn lm phng php iu ch trong cc modem tc thp, ti sao phng thc ny li khng thch hp khi truyn tc cao ? 31. Gii thch v s khc bit gia kh nng truyn khi dng 4 dy thay v 2 dy?

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Bi ging: Truyn s liu

Chng 6: Truyn d liu s: Giao din v Modem

32. Bng thng ti thiu ca tn hiu ASK c th bng tc bit. Gii thch ti sao iu ny khng ng vi trng hp FSK? * CU HI TRC NGHIM 33. Trong ch truyn dn no m cc bit c truyn ng thi, mi bit truyn trn mt dy: a. ni tip khng ng b b. ni tip ng b c. song song d. a v b 34. Trong ch truyn dn no, cc bit c ln lt truyn trn mt dy: a. ni tip khng ng b b. ni tip ng b c. song song e. a v b 35. Trong ch truyn dn no, mt start bit v stop bit to frame k t: f. ni tip khng ng b a. ni tip ng b b. song song c. a v b 36. Trong ch truyn khng ng b, thi gian trng (gap) gia hai byte th: a. c nh b. thay i c. hm theo tc bit d. zr 37. Truyn ng b th khng cn thit c: a. start bit b. stop bit c. khong trng gia hai byte d. tt c u ng 38. Thit b dng truyn v nhn d liu nh phn c gi l: a. thit b u cui d liu b. thit b truyn dn d liu c. m ha u cui s d. thit b truyn s 39. Thit b dng truyn v nhn d liu dng analog hay nh phn qua mng c gi l: a. thit b kt ni s b. thit b kt thc mch d liu c. thit b chuyn i s d. thit b thng tin s 40. EIA-232 nhm nh ngha cc c tnh g ca giao din DTE-DCE: a. C b. in c. chc nng d. tt c u ng 41. Phng php m ha dng trong chun EIA-232 l: a. NRZ-I b. NRZ-L c. Manchester d. Manchester vi sai 42. Trong chun EIA-232 th bit 0 c biu din bng bao nhiu volt? a. ln hn 15V b. b hn 15 V c. gia 3 v 15 d. gia 3 v 15 43. Giao din EIA-232 c bao nhiu chn

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Bi ging: Truyn s liu a. 20 b. 24 c. 25 d. 30

Chng 6: Truyn d liu s: Giao din v Modem a. local loopback (18) b. remote loopback v signal quality detector (21) c. test mode (25) d. a v c 49. Chn no c dng cho remote loopback testing a. local loopback (18) b. remote loopback v signal quality detector (21) c. test mode (25) d. a v c 50. Chn no hin nay cha dng n a. 9 b. 10 c. 11 d. tt c cc chn trn 51. Chn no c dng cho knh ph a. 12 b. 13 c. 19 d. tt c cc chn trn 52. Chiu di ti a 50 feet l ca chun no: a. EIA 449 b. EIA 232 c. RS 423 d. RS - 422 53. Theo chun EIA-449 th chiu di cp l t 40 feet n: a. 50 feet b. 500feet c. 4000feet d. 5000feet 54. Tc d liu ti a ca RS-422 l bao nhiu ln tc ti a ca RS-423.

44. Trong giao din EIA 232, d liu c gi i chn no? a. 2 b. 3 c. 4 d. tt c u ng 45. Phn ln cc chn trong trong giao din EIA-232 c dng vo mc ch: a. iu khin (control) b. nh thi (timing) c. d liu (data) d. kim tra (testing) 46. Trong chun EIA-232, gi tr in p -12 V c ngha g? a. 1 b. 0 c. khng nh ngha d. l 1 hay khng ty theo s m ha 47. truyn d liu th cc chn sau phi nh th no? a. request to sent (4) v clear to send (5) b. received line signal deector (8) c. DTE ready (20) v DCE ready (6) d. tt c u ng 48. Chn no c dng cho local loopback testing

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Bi ging: Truyn s liu a. 0,1 b. 10 c. 100 d. 500

Chng 6: Truyn d liu s: Giao din v Modem a. data receive (3) ca cng DTE b. data receive (3) ca DTE khc c. data transmit (2) ca DTE khc d. signal ground ca DTE khc 61. Nu c hai thit b gn nhau, cc DTE tng thch c th c thng tin d liu khng qua modem, dng modem g? a. mt modem rng b. cp EIA -232 c. u ni DB 45 d. mt my thu pht 62. Cho ng truyn c tn s cao nht l H v l tn s thp nht l L th kh sng c tnh theo: a. H b. L c. H L d. L H 63. Trong ng dy in thoi, kh sng thoi th thng l __ so vi kh sng d liu: a. tng ng b. nh hn c. ln hn d. hai ln 64. Vi mt tc bit cho trc, th kh sng ti thiu ca ASK so vi ca FSK nh th no: a. tng ng b. nh hn c. ln hn d. hai ln 65. Khi tc bit ca tn hiu FSK tng, th kh sng:

55. Trong mch RS-422, nu nhiu thay i t 10V n 12V th phn b s c gi tr l: a. 2 b. 8 c. 10 d. 12 56. Nu nhiu 0,5 V ph hng mt bit ca mch RS-422, th cn thm bao nhiu cho bit b? a. 1.0 b. 0,5 c. 0,5 d. 1,0 57. X.21 gim c cc chn no so vi chun EIA a. d liu b. nh thi c. iu khin d. t (ground) 58. X.21 dng dng connector no: a. DB 15 b. DB 25 c. DB 37 d. DB 9 59. Thng tin iu khin (ngoi tr handshaking) trong X.21 thng c gi i qua chn no? a. d liu b. nh thi c. iu khin d. t 60. Trong modem trng, d liu truyn chn 3 ca mt DTE s ni vi: Bin dch: Nguyn Vit Hng

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Bi ging: Truyn s liu a. gim b. tng c. gi khng i d. hai ln

Chng 6: Truyn d liu s: Giao din v Modem a. bng b. nh hn c. ln hn d. gp i 72. Trong chun V.22 bis, khi dng tc thp, th ta dng gc phn t th 3 v dibit k l 11, tc gc lnh pha l: a. 0 b. 90 c. 180 d. 270 73. Mc ch ca trellis coding l: a. Kh sng hp hn b. iu ch n gin hn c. tng tc bit d. gim error rate 74. Trong phng php iu ch no m gc pha thay i theo dng bit cng vi cc mu bit trc : a. FSK b. PSK c. DPSK d. ASK 75. Cho bit dang iu ch m tc bit bng tc baud a. FSK b. QAM c. 4 PSK d. tt c u ng 76. Vai tr ca b iu ch s l chuyn tn hiu ____ sang tn hiu ____ a. s; analog b. analog; s c. PSK; FSK d. FSK; PSK 77. Trong EIA 232 th thit lp DB9 c dng trong dng kt ni no:

66. Trong FSK khi sai bit gia hai sng mang tng th kh sng: a. gim b. tng c. gi khng i d. phn na 67. Cho bit phng php iu ch c dng trong modem: a. 16 QAM b. FSK c. 8 PSK d. tt c u ng 68. iu ch 2-PSK thng c kh sng nh th no so vi FSK l: a. rng hn b. hp hn c. cng kh sng d. tt c u sai 69. Cho bit cc loi modem dng phng php iu ch FSK a. Bell 103 b. Bell 201 c. Bell 212 d. tt c u ng 70. Cho bit chun modem no ca ITU-T dng trellis coding: a. V.32 b. V.33 c. V.34 d. a v b 71. Trong phng php trellis coding th s bit d liu so vi s bit truyn i th:

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Bi ging: Truyn s liu a. Bt ng b n b. ng b n c. n cng d. tt c u sai 78. Chun no dng giao thc LAPM a. V.32 b. V.32 bis c. V.34 d. V.42

Chng 6: Truyn d liu s: Giao din v Modem

79. Chun no dng phng php nn Lempei-Ziv-Welch a. V.32 b. V.32bis c. V.42 d. V.42bis 80. Trong modem 56 K th c th downdoad vi tc __ v upload vi tc __ a. 33,6K; 33,6K b. 33,6K; 56,6K c. 56K; 33,6K d. 56,6K; 56,6K 81. User dng kt ni Internet qua mng truyn hnh cp c c tc truyn dn cao nh vo: a. iu ch ti trm chuyn mch b. iu ch ti thm nh c. iu ch AMI d. cp ng trc c kh sng rng

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Bi ging: Truyn s liu

Chng 6: Truyn d liu s: Giao din v Modem

BI TP
1. Nu mun truyn m k t 1000 ASCII khng ng b, cho bit s bit (extra) ti a cn c? Cho bit hiu nng tnh theo phn trm? 2. Dng m ASCII ca k t A dng chun giao din EIA-232 v c ch truyn khng ng b. V th ca bin truyn theo thi gian, vi gi s bit rate l 10 bps. 3. V dng sng theo thi gian ca mu bit 10110110 c truyn trong mch RS-422. Gi s mc 0 l 5 volt v mc 1 l 5 volt. V phn b ca tn hiu. 4. Dng d liu ca bi tp trn, gi s l bit u v bit cui b nhim nhiu 1 volt, V tt c cc dy v sai bit ca phn complement ca tn hiu. 5. To bng hai ct, ct th nht lit k cc chn ca DB-9 ca thit lp EIA-232. Trong ct th hai, cc chn tng ng ca thit lp DB-25 ca EIA-232. 6. Vit lnh Hayes dng gi s 864-8902 v iu chnh volume ln mc 10. 7. Vit lnh Hayes gi s (408)864-8902 v cho php echo printing. 8. Lm li bi tp 89, nhng khng cn c echo printing. 9. Mun truyn ch khng ng b dng DB-25 v ch dng mt knh. 10. Mun truyn ch ng b dng DB-25 v ch dng mt knh. 11. Mun truyn thm knh th cp dng DB-25 th cn bao nhiu chn. 12. Lm li th d hnh 6.12 trong bi ging dng ch khng ng b. 13. Lm li th d hnh 6.12 dng cc ni DB-9. 14. Dng RS-423, cho bit tc bit nu c ly gia DTE v DCE l 1000 feet. 15. Dng RS-422, cho bit tc bit nu c ly gia DTE v DCE l 1000 feet. 16. Khi thay RS-423 bng RS-422 th tc bit c ci thin nh th no trong c ly 1000 feet ? 17. Cho bit chui bt nh th no khi ta truyn k t Hello dng m ASCII trong ch tuyn khng ng b co 1mt start bit v mt stop bit. 18. Mt s modem truyn 4 bit cho mt k t (thay v l 8 bit) nu d liu ch ton l s (0 n 9). Cho bit cch cc bit truyn nh th mo nu ta dng m ASCII. 19. Dng local loopback test kim tra hot ng ca mt DCE cc b (modem). Mt tn hiu c gi t mt DCE cc b n mt DTE cc b v tr v DTE cc b. Minh ha hot ng ca cc chn dng EIA-232. 20. Dng local loopback test kim tra hot ng ca mt DCE cc b (modem). Mt tn hiu c gi t mt DTE cc b n mt DCE cc b, t DCE cc b n remote DCE (qua mng in thoi) sau gi v. Minh ha hot ng ca cc chn dng EIA-232 trong qu trnh ny.

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