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AREVA Motor Protectionn MiCOM P220 225 TechnicalDatasheet en
AREVA Motor Protectionn MiCOM P220 225 TechnicalDatasheet en
P220 P225
P22x/EN TDS/B11
APPLICATION
The MiCOM P22x protection relay range performs and offers a numerous functions in a compact design: > > > > > Protection Monitoring Diagnosis Fault analysis tools Aid to maintenance
Compact and "Plug and play" made, the P22x protection relay range supply essential functions for industry applications, where the following requirements must be achieved: > > Small and medium motors High inertia Compact case model Easy to use Low cost
On top of that high inertia loads and anti-backspin protection ensures that the rotor stops before the motor can be re-started. For motors whose current supply contains a considerable degree of distortion, the relay provides a true RMS base thermal image allowing efficient protection against overload phenomena due to the presence of harmonic components. The addition of power measurement* and energy metering*, and the presence of analogue outputs (current loop) make the MiCOM P22x protection relay range a highly competitive and effective equipment in terms of protection.
* on some models only
P22x/EN TDS/B11
P22x/EN TDS/B11
MAIN FUNCTIONS
Protection functions are autonomous and can be individually configured or disabled to suit a particular application.
The result is better protection against overloads and hence a marked decrease in the risk of motor damage. An alarm threshold, tripping threshold and thermal threshold, beyond which the motor cannot be restarted, are available. As an option, RTDs can be connected to the MiCOM P220 relay to monitor the motor's temperature. For each of the RTD channels, two temperature thresholds with individual time-delay settings are available. It is therefore possible to monitor stator windings separately, as well as the spin bearings of the motor and the load involved. If the motor is equipped with thermistors, the P220 relay monitor temperature via its three thermistor inputs.
PROTECTION FUNCTIONS
Short-circuit (50/51)
A phase over-current element allows for the detection of faults between phases. In addition to this short-circuit threshold, a time-delayed signal and an instantaneous signal are available to provide better selectivity.
CB failure (50BF)
The CB failure on fault will be detected very quickly by the P225 relay, which will then either send a new local tripping signal or act directly on the immediately upstream CB. By speeding up the time taken to clear the fault in the case of CB failure, the P225 relay help maintain the stability of the network and the reliability of the protection system.
Excessive start time (48) / Locked rotor while running or at start-up (51LR)
Whether the motor is unloaded or coupled to a heavy load, this function monitors the duration of the motor start-up phase. The choice of the motor's start-up detection criteria makes it possible to use this function, whatever the motor's startup mode: direct on line, star-delta, auto-transformer, resistor insertion, etc. During normal motor operation, an over-current threshold detects rotor stalling.
Anti-backspin
If a motor with a high inertia load, for example a fan, is stopped, the shaft continues to rotate for some time before the rotor stops completely. If the motor is switched back on while the rotor is still turning, something akin to a false coupling may occur, causing mechanical damage such as broken fan blades. Setting a minimum time-lapse between stopping the motor and re-starting it can eliminate the risk of such problems.
Emergency start-up
When required by safety conditions or by the process, a logical input of the P22x relay can be used to allow motor start-up. All start-up restrictions will then be inhibited and the thermal image function will be disabled.
P22x/EN TDS/B11
CONTROL FUNCTIONS
Independent protection setting groups
By virtue of its two setting groups, the MiCOM P22x relay allows for the protection of dual-speed motors as well as motors operating under environmental or operational conditions, which are not constant over time. A change of setting group can be useful following a change in source impedance. The result is improved selectivity.
CB monitoring
Preventive CB maintenance is provided by monitoring summated contact breaking duty, the number of switching operations and the opening time. If a pre-set threshold is exceeded, the P225 relay will generate an alarm signal. > > > > > > > > > > >
External trips
The P22x relay accepts external binary signals, which can be used to give a trip or alarm signal, or which may simply be treated as binary information to be passed up through the relay to a remote control system.
Event records
The last 75 status changes are recorded in a non-volatile memory. This covers all status changes to logic inputs and outputs, modifications to one or more parameters, alarm signals or the operation of one of the output contacts. Events are logged every 1 ms.
Analogue outputs
Two optional analogue outputs are available. Some information and measurements such as power (P225), energy (P225) and temperature values, etc., can be fed through a current loop to a PLC.
Fault records
The P22x relay records the last 5 faults. The information provided in the fault record includes: > > > > > > > Fault number Date and time Active setting group Faulty phase or phases Function that gave the trip Magnitude of the value that gave rise to the trip command Values of the phases and earth currents and voltage*.
Disturbance records
5 resp. 8 disturbance records, of 2.5 seconds each, can be stored,. Disturbance record can be uploaded via the communication network (RS485/optical fibre*) or locally (RS232).
* Available on some models.
P22x/EN TDS/B11
USER INTERFACE
Front plate and menus
All the relay's parameters, protection functions, logic controls, communication, LEDs, inputs and outputs, can be programmed and modified by pushbuttons located on the front panel. An alphanumeric, highlighted, 32-character LCD screen displays all the relay's data (settings, measurements, etc.). The menus are designed so that the user can move around them easily, without confusion. The user will soon be at ease with the Human-Machine Interface.
SOFTWARE SUPPORT
MiCOM S1 software makes it possible to pre-set all MiCOM P22x relay parameters from a PC. The relay is then accessed via the RS232 port on the front panel. MiCOM S1 software is fully compatible with Windows (95, 98, NT, 2000, XP), and can download relay settings, pull up current relay settings and upload measurement values, diagnostic data, fault records, disturbance records, start-up current and voltage shapes and event logging data.
TM
P22x/EN TDS/B11
TECHNICAL DATA
GENERAL DATA
Design
The MiCOM P220/P225 relays are housed in a 4U case and suitable for either rack or flush-mounted. The relay can be withdrawn from its case with the supply voltage on due to the presence of internal shorting links protecting the current circuits. On account of its reversible connector blocks and its adjustable side mounting brackets the compact case can be used for wall surface or panel-flush mounting. Case Height: MiCOM P220 and P225 Weight: P220 P225 2.0 Kg 2.5 Kg 4U (177mm) 30 TE Storage and transit: -40C to 70C (or 13F to 158F)
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
Ambient temperature range
Per IEC 60255-6: 1988 Operating temperature range: -25C to 55C (or 13F to 131F) -25C to 70 * (or 13F to 158F*) *: the upper limit is permissible for a single 6 hour duration within any 24 hour period.
Mounting
Rack for P220 and P225
HMI
P220 and P225: Keypad with 7 keys and reading liquid crystal display (LCD) with 2 x 16 alphanumeric characters. 8 LEDs (4 settable).
Solar Radiation
Avoid exposure of the front panel to direct solar radiation.
MECHANICAL ENVIRONMENT
Vibration Test
Per EN 60255-21-1 or IEC 255-21-1, response and endurance, class 2, Frequency range in operation: 10 to 60 Hz, 0.035 mm 60 to150 Hz, 0.5 g Frequency range during transport: 10 to 150 Hz, 1 g
Terminal
P220 and P225: 4 mm screw outlet for L shaped, pre-insulated crimp terminal. Two blades (4.8 mm x 0.8 mm cross section) to accept fast-on connectors (double fast on). Full draw-out with automatic CT shorting in the case of the relay Only terminal screws connect the temperature sensors, thermistors and the analogue outputs.
Enclosure protection
P220 and P225: Front Panel: Rear connection: IEC 529: IP 52 and IK 07 IP 10
Seismic Test
Per EN 60255-21-3 or IEC 255-21-3, test severity class 2, Frequency range: mm, 5 to 8 Hz, 3.5 mm / 1.5 8 to 35 Hz, 10 / 5 m/s , 3 1 cycle
2
PC Interface
DIN 41652 connector (X6), type D-Sub, 9-pin.
P22x/EN TDS/B11
TYPE TESTS
Tests per EN 60255-6 or IEC 255-6
Insulation
Voltage test Per IEC 60255-5 (2000) or EN 61010, 2 kV AC, 60 s, 100 M at 500 VDC (Using only electronic/brushless insulation tester). Direct voltage (2.8 kV DC) must be used for the voltage test of the power supply inputs. The PC interface must not be subjected to the voltage
1997
7 P22x/EN TDS/B11
RATINGS
AC Measuring Inputs
Nominal frequency: 50 and 60 Hz (settable) Operating range: from 45 Hz to 65 Hz
AC Current inputs
Nominal current (In): Earth nominal current Nominal burden per phase: 1A and 5A dual rated 1A and 5A dual rated < 0.025 VA (1A) < 0.3 VA (5A) Nominal burden per earth: < 0.004 VA at 0.1In (1A) < 0.010 VA at 0.1In (5A) Continuous withstand: 4 In for 10 s: 30 In for 2 s: 40 In for 1 s: 100 In Recommended phase CTs 5P10 - 5VA (typical) Recommended earth CT Residual connection or core balanced CT (preferred in isolated neutral systems)
135 VDC, 0,3 A (L/R=30 ms) 250 VDC 50 W resistive 250 VDC, 25 W inductive(L/R =40 ms) 220 Vac, 5 A (50/60 Hz - cos=0,6) Operation time:<7ms Durability: Loaded contact 10000 operation minimum Unloaded contact 100000 operation minimum
Rear Port:
MODBUS TM RTU (standard) communication: Transmission mode: Synchronous Interface: RS 485, 2 wires and 1 Earth Data rate: 300 to 38400 baud (programmable) Relay address: 1 to 255 Connection: Multi-point (32 connections) Cable type: Half duplex (screened twisted wire pair) Maximum cable length: 1000 meters 200 nF total cable capacitance. Typical specification: Each core: 16/0.2 mm copper conductors, PVC insulated Nominal conductor area: 0,5 mm2 per core Screen: Overall braid, PVC sheathed Linear capacitance between conductor and earth: 100 pF/m Connector: Connector screws or snap-on Insulation: 2 kV RMS IEC 60870-5-103 communication Transmission mode : synchronous Interface: RS 485, 2 wires + shielding Data rate: 9600 to 19200 bauds (programmable) Relay address: 1 to 254 Parity: Even Connection: Multi-point (32 connections) Cable: Half-duplex (screened twisted wire pair) Maximum cable length: 1000 meters Connector: connector screws or fast-on Insulation: 2 kV RMS K-bus/Courier communication Transmission mode: Synchronous Interface:K-bus/RS485, 2 wires + shielding Data rate:64000 baud Relay address: 1 to 254 Connection: Multi-point (32 connections) Cable: Half-duplex (screened twisted wire pair) Maximum cable length: 1000 meters Connector: connector screws or fast-on Insulation:2 kV RMS 8 P22x/EN TDS/B11
Binary Inputs
P220: 5 (3 settable + 2 fix) P225: 6 (5 settable + 1 fix) Type: optically insulated Range (DC input only): 24-250 Vdc Burden: <10 mA per input Recognition time (DC): < 2.5ms
Output Relays
P220 & P225: 6 (5 settable + watchdog) Contact relay: Dry contact Ag Cd O Rated voltage 250 VDC, 250 VAC Continuous current 5 A Short duration current: 30 A for 0.5 s Breaking capacity:
PROTECTIONS FUNCTIONS
SETTINGS
Thermal replica (49)
Thermal current threshold I: : 0,20 1,50 In Overload time-constant Te1: 1 ... 180 min Start-up time-constant Te2: 1 ... 360 min Cooling time-constant Tr: 1 ... 999 Negative sequence current recognition factor Ke: 0 ... 10 Trip thermal threshold : Set to 100% Thermal alarm threshold: 20 ... 100% Thermal trip & alarm thresholds hysteresis: 97% Start-up inhibition: 20 ... 100
AUTOMATION FUNCTIONS
Limitation of the number of start-ups (66)
Reference period Treference: 10 120 min P220 - Number of cold starts: 0 5 P225 - Number of cold starts: 1 5 Number of hot starts: 0 5 Restart inhibition time Tinterdiction: 1 120 min
Anti-backspin protection
Restart prevention time tABS: 1 7200 s
P225:
Voltage collapse detection Range A: 5.0 130.0 V Range B: 20.0 480.0 V Voltage collapse duration Treacc: Voltage threshold: Range A: 5.0 130.0 V Hysteresis: Voltage restoration detection Range A: 5.0 130.0 V Range B: 20.0 480.0 V 0,10 10.00 s
Auxiliary timers
Logic inputs with alarm message on occurrence: 2 external signals, EXT1 and EXT2 Logic inputs without alarm message on occurrence: 2 external signals, EXT3 and EXT4 Timers tEXT1, tEXT2, tEXT3 and tEXT4: 0.00 200.00 s
Latching of output relays (86) P220: Trip relay (RL1): configurable for each trip order
Auxiliary relays, RL2, RL3, RL4 and RL5: on short-circuit, earth fault, unbalance, AND logical gates P225: Auxiliary relays RL2, RL3, RL4 and RL5: configurable for each auxiliary relay
106 )
Adjustment of the exponent n : 1 or 2 Opening time alarm: 0,05 to 1.00 s (steps 0,05 s)
P22x/EN TDS/B11
RECORDING FUNCTIONS
Event recorder
Capacity: Time-tag: Triggers: 75 events to 1 millisecond any protection alarm and threshold any logic input change of state self test events any setting changes
ACCURACY
P220
Protection thresholds: 2 % Time delays: 2 % with a minimum of 10 ms Note: the user shall take into consideration the operating time (30ms) of the protection functions when setting the timers to low values. Measurements: Current: typical 0.2 % at In Temperature 2 C Pass band for measurements of true RMS values: 500Hz
P225
Protection thresholds: 2 % Time delays: 2 % with a minimum of 10ms Note: the user shall take into consideration the operating time (30ms) of the protection functions when setting the timers to low values. Measurements Current: typical 0,2 % @ In Voltage: typical 0,2 % @ Vn Power: typical 1 % @ Pn Temperature: 2 C Pass band for measurements of true RMS values: 500Hz
P225
Capacity Time-tag Triggers Data Fault:
P225
Logic input and output states Capacity: 5 records of 2,5s each Sampling rate: 32 samples per frequency cycle Pre-time setting: 0,1 2,5 s Post-time setting: 0,1 2,5 s
Data
10
P22x/EN TDS/B11
DIMENSION
MiCOM P220
150.2 (5.91) 148.1 (5.83) 4 holes 3.4 (0.134) 129.6 (5.10) 103.6 (4.08) 10.7 (0.42) 23.7 (0.93)
168 (6.61)
159 0 (6.26)
+ 0.2
Flush mounting
1.5 (0.059)
MiCOM
Temperature RTD1= 113 C
Trip Alarm Equip. fail Aux. supply Aux. 1 Aux. 2 Aux. 3 Aux. 4
P225
177 (6.97)
156 (6.14)
MiCOM P225
11
P22x/EN TDS/B11
A F M
1 2 3
0 1 2 3
0 2 6
No Yes
0 1
12
P22x/EN TDS/B11
A B
A F M
1 2 3
0 1 2 3
0 3 A
No Yes
0 2
13
P22x/EN TDS/B11
Alternative :The earth current input is connected to the sommation of the three phase CTs.
A B
36
P2 P1 WD
35
B C S2 S1
S2
S1
49
1A
1A
1A
RL2
1A
1A
RL3
14 5
A
7 8
B
11 12
S2
S1
S2
a 14c 14a a 16c 16a a 18c 18a
S1 1
49
2c 4c 6c 8c 10c
28 + 13 15 + 17
2a 4a 6a 8a 10a a
1A
1A
Programmable input L5
19 + 21 23 -
2c
If thermistor option :
2a 4a
1A Orange connector Module terminal bl viewed from rear (with integral case earth link)
a 22c 22a a 24c 24a 26a a a 28c 28a a 30c 30a a 32c 32a
5A
Nota :
(1) (a) (b) (c) CT shorting links make before (b) and (c) disconnect
32c -
5A
*
30
5A (d)
5A
(3) Earth connection are typical only (4) The MICOM P220 relay is shown with power supply off (5) The shielding is bonded to the earth point located next to the connector.
30a 32a
2-24 Volt
P0186ENb
P22x/EN TDS/B11
(6) Important : the analogue output option shall be used either in active source mode or in passive source mode
Orange connector
1A
Orange connector
1A
5A
5A
RL5
5A
5A
4c 6c 2a 4a 8c 10c
5A
5A
MiCOM P220
If 6 RTD option :
5A
5A
RTD3
12c 8a 10a 12a
Case earth
1 3 4
+ 22
RTD4
14
2
P2
P1
Vaux
Stator temperature
CT phase C
Ambient temperature
power
22 24 6
On Off
2 4
PC/PLC supervisor
15
Emergency stop
12
MiCOM P220
Speed switch signal input L2 Programmable output RL2 relay Analogue output (orange connector) Programmable output RL4 relay Watchdog
26
+ + -
Signalling lamp
5 3 1
32 a/c
PLC
37 35 36 18
Signalling
Emergency g y startup p
13 15
Signalling
14
External reset
17 19
11 21 23 9
Fuse blown
Signalling
+ Programmable - Input L5
P22x/EN TDS/B11
the auxiliary power could be Ac or DC according to the model number of the relay
P0187ENa
Alternative :The earth current input is connected to the sommation of the three phase CTs.
A B
36
P2 P1 WD
35
B C S2 S1
S2
S1
49
1A
1A
1A
RL2
1A
1A
RL3
14 5
A
7 8
B
11 12
S2
S1
S2
a 14c 14a a 16c 16a a 18c 18a
S1 1
49
2c 4c 6c 8c 10c
2a 4a 6a 8a 10a a
common
1A
1A
Programmable input L5
1A Orange connector Module terminal bl viewed from rear (with integral case earth link)
a 22c 22a a 24c 24a 26a a a 28c 28a a 30c 30a a 32c 32a
23 -
1A
5A
Nota :
(1) (a) (b) (c) CT shorting links make before (b) and (c) disconnect
32c -
MiCOM P220 typical connection (with 6 RTD and analogue output options)
5A (d)
30
5A
(3) Earth connection are typical only (4) The MICOM P220 relay is shown with power supply off (5) The shielding is bonded to the earth point located next to the connector.
30a 32a
2-24 Volt
P0188ENb
P22x/EN TDS/B11
(6) Important : the analogue output option shall be used either in active source mode or in passive source mode
Orange connector
5A
Orange connector
If 6 RTD option :
12c 8a 10a 12a
1A
5A
5A
RL5
5A
5A
4c 6c 2a 4a 8c 10c
5A
5A
MiCOM P220
5A
5A
RTD3
Case earth
1 3 4
+ 22
RTD4
16
2
P2
P1
Alternative :The earth current input is connected to the sommation of the three phase CTs.
A B
36
P2 P1 WD
35
B C S2 S1
S2
S1
49
1A
1A
1A
RL2
1A
1A
RL3
14 5
A
7 8
B
11 12
S2
S1
S2
a 14c 14a a 16c 16a a 18c 18a
S1 1
49
2c 4c 6c 8c 10c
28 + 13 15 + 17 19 + 21 23 -
2a 4a 6a 8a 10a a
1A
18a
common
1A
Programmable input L5
1A Orange connector Module terminal bl viewed from rear (with integral case earth link)
a 22c 22a a 24c 24a 26a a a 28c 28a a 30c 30a a 32c 32a
1A
5A
Nota :
(1) (a) (b) (c) CT shorting links make before (b) and (c) disconnect
32c
5A (d)
30
5A
(3) Earth connection are typical only (4) The MICOM P220 relay is shown with power supply off (5) The shielding is bonded to the earth point located next to the connector.
30a 32a
2-24 Volt
MiCOM P220 typical connection (with 2 thermistors and 4 RTD option and analogue output options)
P0189ENb
P22x/EN TDS/B11
(6) Important : the analogue output option shall be used either in active source mode or in passive source mode
Orange connector
5A
Orange connector
If 2 thermistors and 4 RTD option :
12c 8a 10a
1A
5A
5A
RL5
5A
5A
4c 6c 2a 4a 8c 10c
5A
5A
MiCOM P220
5A
5A
RTD1
Case earth
1 3 4
+ 22
RTD2
12a
17
2
P2
P1
Alternative :The earth current input is connected to the sommation of the three phase CTs.
A B
36 6
A S2 S1 Auxiliary voltage S2 RL L 1
2 12 4
P2 P1
P1
B C S1 1A
50 51 10 8 18 34 49
S2
S S1
+
WD Watch dog (4)
33 35
{
RL2 Programmable output relay
52 53
49
1A
50 51
1A A 1A
54 55
1A
{ { {
16 14 5
52 53
1A
MiCOM P225
RL3 RL4
3 1
54 55
If 3 thermistors option n:
B
5 7 9 12 14 16 18 20 22 49 51 53 3 55 56 54 52 24 26 27 28 50 47 48 45 46 43 44 41 42 39 4 40 10 37 3 38 8 35 3 36 2d 4d 8d 8z 2b 4b 2z 4z 6 33 3 34
S1 1
If 10 RTD option :
24 + 26
Analogue g output 1
28z 28b
+
49
1A
50 51
1A
14z 16d
common
32b
23 + 25
52 53
1A
{
Analogue output 2 passive i source mode d
-
54 55
1A
2-24 Volt
56 41
5A
42 43
Nota :
(1) (a) a (b) (c) (d) Long terminals Pins terminals (pcb type)
Module terminal blocks viewed from rear (with integral case earth link) CT shorting links make before (b) and (c) disconnect Short terminal break before (c)
5A
44 45
29 30 31
( : Link terminals 30 and 32 if the relay is connected at the end of the RS 485 bus).
5A
*
+
32
46 47
5A
(2) CT connection are typical only (3) Earth connection are typical only (4) The MICOM P220 relay is shown with power supply off (5) The shielding is bonded to the earth point located next to the connector.
48
P0228ENa
P22x/EN TDS/B11
(6) Important : the analogue output option shall be used either in active source mode or in passive source mode
Green connector
40
1A
B 1A
56 41
5A
42 43
5A
RL5
9 7
42 43
{ {
2d 2b 2z 4d 4b
5A
2d 2b 4d 4b 6d 6b
44 45
5A
Thermistor1
44 45
5A
46 47
5A
46 47
5A
48 39
5A
48
18
1 2 29 3 30
8z
common
A
3 4 31 3 32
P2
P1
S2
10d 10b
RTD5 common
S S1
Line A-Line C VT A A
Fuse
Stator temperature
Motor
14
Vaux
34 22 24 11 9 7 6 4 2 12
Communication
+ + -
+ -
31 32
PC/PLC supervisor
MiCOM P225
Programmabke Output RL2
+ + + -
26 28 30 d/z 32 b
10 8 5 3 1
PLC
Analogue output
PLC
Emergency startup
13 15
+ + + + -
37
Watchdog
35 36 18
Signalling
External reset
17 19
25 27
16 14
Signalling
Fuse blown
21 23
P0231ENa
19
P22x/EN TDS/B11
20
P22x/EN TDS/B11
= 6 minutes
1 000
100
10
0 0.1
10
P0159ENa
21
P22x/EN TDS/B11
10 000
100
10
0 1
10
P0160ENa
22
P22x/EN TDS/B11
10 000
1 000
Te1 = Te2 = 32 mn
10
0 1 10
Thermal equivalent current Ieq in terms of the current thermal threshold I q >
P0161ENa
23
P22x/EN TDS/B11
10 000
Te1 = Te2 = 52 mn
0 1
Thermal equivalent current Ieq in terms of the current thermal threshold I >
10
P0162ENa
24
P22x/EN TDS/B11
Thermal overload characteristic curves Hot curves Initial thermal state of 90%
100 000
10 000
1 000
10
Te1 = Te2 = 30 mn
1
Te1 = Te2 =24 mn Te1 = Te2 = 18 mn Te1 = Te2 = 12 mn Te1 = Te2 = 6 mn Te1 = Te2 = 1 mn
0 1
10
P0163ENa
25
P22x/EN TDS/B11
Thermal overload characteristic curves Hot curves Initial thermal state of 90%
100 000
10 000
1 000
Te1 = Te2 = 62 mn
Te1 = Te2 = 56 mn
100
Te1 = Te2 = 50 mn
0 1 10
P0164ENa
26
P22x/EN TDS/B11
Thermal overload characteristic curves Hot curves Initial thermal state of 90%
100 000
10 000
1 000
Te1 = Te2 = 64 mn
10
10
P0165ENa
27
P22x/EN TDS/B11
100 90 80 70
Thermal state (en %)
Tr = 96 mn
Tr = 84 mn
60 50 40 30 20
Tr = 24 mn
Tr = 72 mn
Tr = 60 mn Tr = 48 mn Tr = 36 mn
10
Tr = 12 mn Tr = 5 mn
0 0
Operating time (minutes)
100
P0221ENa
28
100 90 80 70
Thermal state (en %)
Tr = 204 mn Tr = 192 mn
60 50 40 30 20
Tr = 120 mn
Tr = 180 mn
Tr = 168 mn
Tr = 156 mn
Tr = 144 mn Tr = 132 mn
10
Tr = 108 mn
0 0 100
Operating time (minutes)
200
P0222ENa
29
100 90 80
Tr = 450 mn
70
Thermal state (en %)
60 50
Tr = 350 mn
40 30
Tr = 300 mn
Tr = 325 mn
20 10 0 0 100 200
Tr = 275 mn
Tr = 250 mn Tr = 225 mn
300
400
Operating time (minutes)
500
600
P0223ENa
30
Tr = 96 mn
Tr = 84 mn
Tr = 72 mn
Tr = 60 mn Tr = 48 mn Tr = 36 mn
10
Tr = 12 mn
0 0
Tr = 5 mn
100
Operating time (minutes)
P0224ENa
31
Tr = 204 mn Tr = 192 mn
60
Tr = 168 mn
50 40 30 20
Tr = 120 mn Tr = 144 mn Tr = 132 mn
Tr = 156 mn
10
Tr = 108 mn
0 0 100
Operating time (minutes)
200
300
P0225ENa
32
100 90 80 70 60
Tr = 450 mn
Tr = 425 mn Tr = 400 mn
Tr = 375 mn
50 40 30
Tr = 300 mn
Tr = 350 mn
Tr = 325 mn
20 10 0 0 100 200
Tr = 275 mn
Tr = 250 mn Tr = 225 mn
300
400
Operating time (minutes)
500
600
P0226ENa
33
Negative phase sequence protection Inverse time characteristic curve Ii>> element
10
0 0.1 1 10