Abstract As poly-phase motor drive system is become more

popular and practical leads to its advantages. This paper

proposes a five-phase induction motor (IM) drive system fed
from five-phase matrix converter (MC) with three-phase
grid input. The modulation strategy of this converter is
based on indirect space vector modulation (ISVM). The
analysis of this strategy was carried out. Simulation model is
developed and used during the design process of the
converter prototype. The implemented converter was based
on discrete semiconductors. A five-phase induction motor
has been designed and implemented in the lab. A laboratory
system has been implemented based on digital signal
processor (DS1104). Experimental results are given, and
then the drive system performance is discussed.

Keywords - five-phase matrix converter, indirect space
vector modulation, five-phase induction motor
I. INTRODUCTION
owadays, the interest in poly-phase motor drive
system has been increased due to several
advantages over than of a three-phase drive
system. These advantages are inherent to the
own structure of the machine, such as reducing the
amplitude and increasing the frequency of torque
pulsations, reducing the rotor harmonic current losses,
and lowering the dc link current harmonics [1-3]. As a
result, there is an urgent need for the AC-AC poly-phase
power converters to transform a constant voltage constant
frequency three-phase supply into a variable voltage with
variable frequency (VVVF) output required for these
machines.
The MC is a direct m-phase to n-phase converter, was
firstly introduced in 1976 by [4] and it steadily growth,
pushed by the progress of the power electronics device
technology. In recent years the MC has received an
increased amount of interest and has been studied
intensely as an alternative to AC-DC-AC power
converters. After almost three decades of intensive
research, the development of MC has been involved in
industrial applications. In 2008, Yaskawa Company in
Japan introduces the first product of three-phase MC.
Until the time of writing this paper, more than 1350
papers directly related to the MC technology are
published in IEEE journals and conferences. This data has
been collected from IEEE explore data base. It should be
mentioned here, the most common configuration of the
MC discussed in the literature is the three-phase to three-
phase, little attention has been aid on the development of
MC with output more than three, except in [5][11].
This paper proposes a three-phase to five-phase
matrix converter supplies a five-phase induction motor

S. M. Dabour, A. Hassan and E. M. Rashad are with the Department of
Electrical Power and Machines, Faculty of Engineering, Tanta
University, Tanta, 31521, Egypt. (e-mail: shdabour@yahoo.com).

drive system using V/f control. The converter modulation
strategy is based on ISVM technique. The model of
a five-phase induction motor has been introduced. The
overall drive system has been implemented using Matlab/
Simulink. Then, the MC control algorithm is compiled to
real time system based on DS1104 dSPACE card. The
generated signals from the card are applied to the
implemented MC through an interface circuit. Full details
of the design and implementation of the MC was
introduced in [8 and 12]. Finally the experimental results
are given and discussed.
II. DIRECT FIVE-PHASE MC TOPOLOGY
The five-phase MC is a direct three-phase to five-phase
through one stage; it utilizes 15
th
switches, as shown in
Figure 1. Each of the 15
th
switches depicted is a
bidirectional switch (BDS), which are connected so that,
any of the input phases (A, B, and C) can be connected to
any of the output phases; (a-e) for a given switching. With
the 15
th
BDS, the MC has 2
15
different switching states.
Some of the basic rules must be regarded when applying
different switching states to the MC at any switching
time. These rules are: (1) input phases must never be
shorted, and (2) output phases must not be left open, due
to the inductive nature of the load. Due to these rules, the
switching states reduce to 3
5
different switching
combinations for connecting the output to the input. The
output voltages

(v
a
-

v
e
) and the input currents

(i
A
i
B
i
C
) are therefore derived directly from the input voltages

(v
A
v
B
v
C
), and the output currents

(i
a
-

i
e
) as follows:

= .

(1)
where, S is the modulation matrix or the duty cycles of
the switches.

=

(2)
SaA SbA ScA SdA SeA
SaB SbB ScB SdB SeB
SaC SbC ScC SdC SeC
V
A
V
B
V
C
a
b
c
d
e
M
Cf
Lf
Switching Matrix
Input Filter

Figure 1: Direct five-phase matrix converter topology.

Five-Phase Induction Motor Drive System Fed from Five-
Phase Matrix-Converter

Sheriff M. Dabour, Abd El-Wahab Hassan and Essam M. Rashad, Senior Member, IEEE1
N
Proceedings of the 15th International Middle East Power Systems Conference (MEPCON12), Alexandria University, Egypt,
December 23-25, 2012, Paper ID 302, pp 898-903

III. INDIRECT TOPOLOGY OF FIVE-PHASE MC
This topology to model the MC actually corresponds to
regard the MC as a double-PWM converter without any
DC-Link energy storage, where MC was described to an
equivalent model combining current source rectifier and
voltage source inverter connected through virtual dc link
and it was first proposed by [13] for three-phase to three-
phase MC, and by applying this algorithm on the direct
five-phase MC, the resulting indirect five-phase MC is
shown in Figure 2. The rectifier stage has the same
topology of the three-phase rectifier with six switches, S1
~ S6, and the Inverter stage has a standard five-phase
voltage source inverter topology consisting of ten
switches, S7 ~ S16. Both power stages are directly
connected through virtual dc-link and inherently provide
bidirectional power flow capability because of its
symmetrical topology.
IV. ISVM OF THE PROPOSED CONVERTER
The ISVM technique constructs the desired sinusoidal
output five-phase voltage by selecting the valid switching
states of a MC and calculating their corresponding on-
time durations. The basic idea of this technique is to
decouple the control of the input current and the control
of output voltage. This is done by splitting the modulation
matrix S for the converter into the product of a rectifier
transfer function R and an inverter transfer function I.
The modulation matrix for the MC is thus defined as
following [3], [4]:

= . (3)

Where =

10

11

13

15

12

14

16

& =

6
(4)

Based on ISVM the following sections describe two
independent space vector modulations for three-phase
current source rectifier, and five-phase voltage source
inverter stages and then the two modulation results are
combined to modulate the five-phase MC.
Space Vector Rectifier (SVR)
The rectifier converts the input three-phase voltage to
DC-voltage. At the same time the rectifier algorithm
assures the input currents to be sinusoidal. This section
introduces a SVM in the rectifier stage. The rectifier part
of the equivalent model shown in Figure 2 can be
assumed to be a stand-alone current source rectifier.

Figure 2: Indirect Five-phase Matrix converter topology.
The rectifier switches, S
1
~ S
6
can have only possible
nine allowed combinations to avoid an open circuit at the
dc link rails. The nine combinations can be divided into
six nonzero input currents which are active vector I
1
~ I
6

and three zero input currents which are zero vector I
7
~ I
9

Figure 3 shows current space vector hexagon. The
reference input current vector (I
i
*) within a sector of the
current hexagon (Figure 3) is synthesized by impressing
the adjacent switching vectors I

and I

with the duty

cycles d

and d

, respectively. If the input currents are

considered constant during a short switching interval (T
S
),
the reference vector can be expressed by the current-time
product sum of the adjacent active vectors as;

(5)

Thus, the duty cycle of the active vectors are written as;

. sin

. sin(

) (6)

= 1 (

)

where,
C
indicates the angle of the reference current
vector within the actual hexagon sector. The m
C
is the
current modulation index and defines the desired current
transfer ratio such as:
0

1 &

Space Vector Inverter (SVI)
This section introduces a SVM in the inverter stage.
Consider the inverter part of the equivalent model in
Figure 2 as a standalone VSI supplied by a dc voltage
source, as shown in Figure 4. The output voltage space
vector is expressed as a function of phase voltages as
follows:

=
2
5

+.

+
2
.

+
3
.

+
4
.

(7)

where, =
2/5
, V
out
is the output voltage, and

is
the space vector angle. The inverter switches, S
7
S
16

have only thirty two allowed combinations to avoid a
short circuit through five half bridges. The thirty two
combinations have thirty nonzero output voltages or
active vectors (V
1
to V
30
) and two zero output voltages or
zero vector V
0
. The discrete thirty two space vectors can
be represented as a decagon in a complex plane shown in
Figure 5.


Figure 3: Rectifier current hexagon
S1
S2
S3
S4
S5
S6
S7
S8
S9
S10
S11
S12
Rectifier Stage Inverter Stage
VDC
A
B
C
a
b
c
+
-
S13
S14
S15
S16
d
e
Ip
In



Figure 4: Inverter stage from of indirect five-phase matrix converter

The space vector scheme reviewed here considers the
outer most and the intermediate decagons of space
vectors. Figure 6 shows the outermost decagon of the
input reference voltage vector (V
o
*) within a sector of the
voltage decagon. The V
o
* is synthesized by impressing
the adjacent voltage vectors

and

with the duty

cycles

and d
ov
respectively.

. sin/5

. sin(

) (8)

= 1 (

)

where

sin(4/5)
&

= 0.6472

Therefore maximum fundamental peak output voltage
V
max
is given by:

= 0.6472

cos

10
= 0.6155

Figure 5: The inverter stage decagon

Figure 6: Synthesis of reference voltage vector
Space vector modulation with large and medium
vectors is based on the proportional sub-division of the
time of application of each vector from outer and
intermediate sectors. The times obtained are sub-divided
according to the ratio of medium and large vector lengths,
so that the duty ratios are given by:

(9)

where

= 0.4

and

= 0.6472

The time of zero space vectors application can be
obtained so that its duty ratio

is given by:

= 1 (

) (10)

To minimize the number of the inverter-switching, the
sequence of the impressed voltage vectors is given by:

The current modulation index m
c
is often fixed to unity
and the voltage modulation index m
v
is variable according
to a required overall voltage transfer gain. To assure the
proper operation of the MC, the two modulations must be
to combine to generate the switching pattern for the
converter.
V. FIVE-PHASE INDUCTION MOTOR
Compared with the traditional three-phase induction
motor, the five-phase induction motor provides some
salient features, such as the ability to start and run even
with some phases open circuited. This increases the
reliability of the drive system. High power density can be
more easily achieved than in the case of three-phase
machines by increasing the number of phases without
increasing the rated current. Torque ripple behavior is
also inherently superior to that of a three-phase drive
system [14].
To simplify the development of the five-phase
induction motor model, the stator windings of all phases
are assumed to be identical and coils are sinusoidally
distributed. Furthermore, a linear magnetic core is
considered. The inherent 72 stator winding structure
causes unsymmetrical line-to-line voltages (i.e. v
ab
and
v
ac
). In this analysis the iron saturation is neglected. The
line-to-neutral voltages can be transformed to the d-q
planes using the following transformation matrix K [15]:

(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(

+ +
+ +
+ +
+ +
=
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
5
4
5
2
5
2
5
4
5
4
5
2
5
2
5
4
5
2
5
4
5
4
5
2
5
2
5
4
5
4
5
2
5
2
) sin( ) sin( ) sin( ) sin( sin
) cos( ) cos( ) cos( ) cos( cos
) sin( ) sin( ) sin( ) sin( sin
) cos( ) cos( ) cos( ) cos( cos
K
t u t u t u t u u
t u t u t u t u u
t u t u t u t u u
t u t u t u t u u

o
0.5VDC S7
S8
S9
S10
S11
S12
0.5VDC
a
b
c
+
-
S13
S14
S15
S16
d
e

The general equations of five-phase induction motor
can be introduced as follows:

The stator q-d axes voltages are given by:
ds
qs
qs s qs
dt
d
i r v e

+ + = (11)
qs
ds
ds s ds
dt
d
i r v e

+ = (12)

For the stationary reference frame = 0, substitute into
Equations (11) and (12) yields:
dt
d
i r v
qs
qs s qs

+ = (13)
dt
d
i r v
ds
ds s ds

+ = (14)
The stator q-d axes flux linkages are given by:
) (
) (
qr qs m qs ls qs
qr m qs m ls qr m qs s qs
i i L i L
i L i L L i L i L
+ + =
+ + = + =

(15)
) (
) (
dr ds m ds ls ds
dr m ds m ls dr m ds s ds
i i L i L
i L i L L i L i L
+ + =
+ + = + =

(16)
The electromagnetic torque is given by:
| |
ds qs qs ds e
i i
p
T =
2 2
5
(17)
e
e
B
dt
d
J T T
L e
+ = (18)
The d-q model of five-phase induction motor in arbitrary
reference frame is shown in the Figure 1.
(a) q-axis circuit
(b) d-axis circuit
Figure 7: q-d Equivalent circuit in arbitrary reference
VI. IMPLEMENTATION OF THE CONVERTER
The switching matrix is realized by 15-bidirectional
switch, each is composed of a Power MOSFET and four
Fast Recovery Diodes. The interface circuit uses an ultra
speed optocoupler. Figure 8 shows the prototype of a five
phase matrix converter which fabricated in the laboratory
using semiconductor devices. Figure 9 shows main parts
of the proposed system implementation. The system is
composed of mainly three parts, namely; Power, Control,
and Interface circuits.

Figure 8: Photograph of the five-phase matrix converter prototype.
VII. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS
Using the previously presented setup, experimental
results have been obtained to confirm the analysis given
in previous sections. Preliminary tests with R-L load has
been carried out to confirm the proper operation of the
designed MC based on SVM control method. The output
phases (a-e) of the MC are connected to the five-phase
star connected resistors in series with the three phase
inductors. The per phase load parameters are R = 144
and L = 0.25 H. To test the steady state behavior of the
matrix converter, a small input voltage supply of 100
Volts/line at 50 Hz via an autotransformer is applied. The
voltage transfer ratio set to 0.5 and the reference input
current displacement angle adjusted to zero. The
switching frequency is 1.25 kHz and the sample time is
200sec as a result of the DS1104 capabilities.
Figure 9 shows the measured supply phase voltage
(CH-1) and current (CH-2) waveforms at 10 Hz output
frequency, also the spectrum analysis of the input current
is shown. Because there was no input current filter, the
input current waveform is pulse width modulated. It is
clear that the fundamental component of the input current
is approximately in phase with the input phase voltage
(Figure 9). This is owed to adjusting displacement angle
to zero, which achieves maximum available voltage
transfer ratio using SVM method.

(a)Waveforms

(b)Spectrum Analysis
Figure 9: Input phase voltage (CH1) and input phase current (CH2)
waveforms at fo = 10 Hz and spectrum analysis of input current
qs
v
s
r
qs
i
ds
e
ls
L
m
L
lr
L
dr r
e e ) ( r
r
qr
i
+

ds
v
ds
i
qs
e
ls
L
m
L
lr
L
qr r
e e ) (
r
r
dr
i
+

s
r

Figure 10 shows the output line voltage of the matrix
converter and its spectrum analysis when the output
frequency is 10 Hz. The spectrum shows fundamental
voltage amplitude of 43.3V (at 10 Hz). The difference
between the measured value (43.3V) and the reference
value of the line voltage (50V) is due to a voltage drops
on the semiconductor elements. Moreover, the employed
DSP capabilities limit sampling time to 200sec, which
may cause losing some voltage intervals. The amplitude
spectrum also shows dominant harmonics components
around switching frequency 1.25 kHz.
(a)Waveforms


(b)Spectrum Analysis
Figure 10: Output line voltages waveforms at fo = 10Hz


Figure 11 shows the output phase current at 10 Hz output
frequency and its spectrum analysis. The output current
has a near sinusoidal waveform with significant 3
rd
, 7
th
,
9
th
, 11
th
, 13
th
and 17
th
harmonic components.

(a)Waveforms

(b)Spectrum Analysis
Figure 11: Output phase-voltages waveforms at fo = 10 Hz
Induction Motor Drive
Experimental results of the five-phase MC fed five-phase
induction motor with scalar control were obtained for
various operating conditions. The motor parameters are
given in the appendix. The sampling time is kept at
200sec. Figure 12 shows the motor speed and current
variations for a start up period. The reference frequency is
set at 30 Hz (i.e. 1800 r/min). In this case, the motor is
accelerated from standstill to 1775 r/min.

Figure 12: Motor speed (CH1) and phase current (CH2) of during
start-up period
Figure 13 shows experimental results for a step change in
frequency from 30 to 20 Hz after attaining steady-state
condition.

Figure 13: Motor speed (CH1) and phase current (CH2) of during
Step change from 30 to 20 Hz
Finally, Figure 14 shows the experimental results for a
motor speed reversal. Initially the reference frequency is
set at 30 Hz. Then, the speed is reversed to the same
value.

Figure 14: Motor speed (CH1) and phase current (CH2) of speed
reversal

VIII. APPENDIX
The Per-phase equivalent circuit parameters of the 380V,
1.1 kW, 2-pole, 50-Hz five- phase induction motor (J =
0.007 kgm
2
): R
s
= 14, R
r
= 4.6, L
ls
= L
lr
= 0.8714 H,
Lm = 0.85-H.
IX. CONCLUSION
In this paper a five-phase induction motor drive system
fed by three-phase to five-phase MC has been introduced.
The analysis and implementation of the converter is
carried out. The MC model has been performed in
Matlab/Simulink and then converted to real time codes
for dS1104 card. A preliminary test with R-L load has
been presented to confirm the proper operation of the
designed converter. Experimental results were introduced
for a five-phase induction motor with V/f control at
various operating conditions. The feasibility of the
proposed system has been verified through experiments
with a good performance and the drive performance can
be improved by reducing sampling time, according to the
controller capabilities.
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