Introduction to Organization of Information

Contact: Ahmad Fuzi Md Ajis fuzi.uitm@gmail.com 012-2489439

Wisdom Knowledge Information

Data

Fact, figures, symbols or instructions presented in a form that can be comprehended by human or processed by a computer.
Glossary of Library and Information Science (2004)

Information that has been comprehended and evaluated in the light of experience, and incorporated into the knowers intellectual understanding of its subject.
Glossary of Library and Information Science (2004)

Application of data and information; answers how questions

Bellinger, Castro, Mills (2004)

Evaluated Understanding The process of discerning, or judging between right and wrong, good and bad.
Ackoff, (1989)

Information is knowledge derived from data Data is defined as recorded facts and figures (eg: costs of raw materials, client statistics) that result from observation, surveys or research Data described rather than evaluates Knowledge is data which an individual recognizes as relevant and is thought about, interpreted, stored (in ones memory or in a variety of formats) or used for a purpose. That is, it has been transformed into information

Information is result of analysis, synthesis evaluation based on available data. In other words, the data has been: Organized Structured Considered Communicated Information can consists of data, images, texts, documents and sound

Information is often described as a commodity. It can be bought and sold, exchanged, accumulated and stored, patented and owned but it is not depleted when used. Often the use of information actually expands it. The potential demand for information is unlimited

Information is considered to be a personal, organizational and national resources of great value. The economy is based not only on industry and physical resources, but also on information Because its importance to the user is relative and depends on changing situations, times and needs, information is most valuable when it is quickly and easily available and effectively


a. b.

c.

We look for information: To gain knowledge To collect data To solve problem

Relevant: Information must relate to the business at hand, and fulfill the needs of the user. In theory all the information required to meet the users purposes must be available Timely: Information must be available when needed, within the timeframe desired by the user

Accurate and complete: All available information should be accessible, with emphasis on the right information. This often depends on the context Concise: Information must be understandable to those who use it, and must be able to be absorbed quickly for action Reduces uncertainty: A statement about the structure of an entity reduces the unknown about the entity; therefore good information should meet a users requirements completely

The informed decision is the best decision. For information to be useful for decision-making, it must be: The right information Available at the right time Available to the right person At the right cost Presented in the format to facilitate decision

Irrelevant: Information is of little value when it is too old or out-of-date to be relevant to the users need Swamping: It is not helpful when information is too voluminous to allow any sense to be made of it. It is the quality of information that is important, not the quantity!

Unclear: Information is poor when it is not presented in a way that will facilitate a decision Not all there: If information is incomplete, it may fail to provide a clear sense of the entirety of the problem

Information is created in many original forms, to satisfy the creator and to suit the user. Once created, the information is disseminated using a range of media and means of transmission

Example: Release of new mobile devices from Apple.

Iphone 5

These are some of the steps taken in creating the information: Brainstorming of new device releases. E.g: orally Decision of the discussion/brainstorming written down by the secretary. (handwritten)

This may be typed up for easier reading and distribution eg: typewritten or printed from a word processor The announcement is made at a press conference eg: orally At the same time, a press release is distributed eg: typewritten or printed from a word processor The press release is handed to journalist, who fax or phone it through to their offices eg: telephone or fax machines The news is spread via all the media eg: radio, TV, newspapers, magazines, the internet etc.

The information is placed on the World Wide Web sites of the Apple etc. eg: electronic Interested people tell their friends, family, workmates eg: orally
The glorious story of Apple, probably written on a word processor, printed off in draft, photocopied to show to other people, and finally printed and bound eg: electronic, print out, photocopies, printed into a book

Information is derived from a variety of sources. These described as: Primary: This is a level at which the information is generated eg: letters, making a scientific discovery, collating data, recording and oral interview Secondary: Secondary sources comment on events, discoveries etc. eg: textbooks, encyclopedias, yearbooks, commentaries and articles in a serial Tertiary: Tertiary sources are used to track existing information eg: bibliography of bibliographies, directory of directories and guide to literature

Bellinger, G., Castro, D., & Mills, A. (2004). Data , Information, Knowledge and Wisdom. A journey in the realm of systems. Retrieved from http://www.systemsthinking.org/dikw/dikw.htm Amjad Ali. (2004). Glossary of Library and Information Science. New Delhi : Ess Ess Publications.