Designation: D5237 05

Standard Guide for

Evaluating Fabric Softeners1

This standard is issued under the xed designation D5237; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.

1. Scope 1.1 This guide evaluates the performance characteristics of fabric softener products. It provides guidance for treating fabric in the wash, rinse, or dryer cycle in a home laundry and for evaluating the efficacy of the treatment chemicals. This guide can be used for simple screening of fabric softener products, or to evaluate the products through multiple accumulative cycles. 1.2 The relative ranking of products assessed by these procedures may be affected by such factors as fabric load composition and the kind and level of soils, as well as by the washing and drying procedures used. 1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information only. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 2. Referenced Documents 2.1 ASTM Standards: E313 Practice for Calculating Yellowness and Whiteness Indices from Instrumentally Measured Color Coordinates2 2.2 Other Standard: AATCC Test Method 110-1994 Whiteness of Textiles3 3. Terminology 3.1 Denitions:

3.1.1 fabric softenera laundry auxiliary product or laundry detergent ingredient that gives fabrics a soft feel, smooth surface, or reduces static electricity, or a combination thereof. 3.1.2 home launderingthe cleaning and restoring of textile materials to a serviceable condition using the washing and drying equipment commonly found in the home. 4. Summary of Guide 4.1 Fabrics are stripped for the removal of mill textile conditioners or previously applied fabric softeners following which they are treated with fabric softener products in the wash or rinse, dried and evaluated for softness, whiteness retention, rewet or water absorbency, and static control using test panels or instrumental methods. 5. Signicance and Use 5.1 The methods in this guide can be used for simple screening of fabric softener products or to evaluate the performance, through multiple accumulative cycles, relative to a designated reference product. 5.2 A single assessment of each of the product characteristics tested by these methods will not predict overall performance of the softener product. A single test run under specied xed conditions cannot be expected to reect the comparative performance under many other possible conditions of use. 6. Fabric Pretreatment 6.1 Scope: 6.1.1 This section provides a procedure for preparing new or previously used textile specimens for further treatment and evaluation. 6.1.2 All new fabrics received directly from the mill or purchased from vendors must be stripped of mill conditioners and processing auxiliaries. Test towels may be reused for up to ve evaluations and sheets used for load bulk may be reused indenitely, if stripping is done between each evaluation. 6.2 Apparatus and Materials: 6.2.1 Household Automatic Washing Machine, top load. 6.2.2 Household Automatic Laundry Dryer, gas or electric. 6.2.3 Hand Towels, approximately 16 by 24 in., white cotton loop terry cloth. Care should be taken to use towels of similar construction, and weight ber mix.

1 This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D12 on Soaps and Other Detergents and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D12.25 on Consumer Standards. Current edition approved May 1, 2005. Published June 2005. Originally approved in 1992. Discontinued January 2002 and reinstated as D5237-05. DOI: 10.1520/D5237-05. 2 For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website. 3 Available from American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists, P.O. Box 12215, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709.

Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States

Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); Wed Feb 6 21:10:49 EST 2013 1 Downloaded/printed by Universidad Nacional de Colombia pursuant to License Agreement. No further reproductions authorized.

D5237 05
6.2.4 Flat Bed Sheets, full size (approximately 104 by 81 in.), 65 % polyester/35 % cotton or 50/50 blend. 6.2.5 AATCC (American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists) 1993 Standard Reference Detergent WOB, (without brighteners), or a commercially built anionic detergent, as desired. 6.3 Stripping Procedure: 6.3.1 Load washer with up to 8 lb of dry fabrics. Do not overload. 6.3.2 Add 50 to 80 g of built anionic detergent. 6.3.3 Set machine for normal cycle, high or large water ll level, and hot wash/warm rinse temperature setting. Allow washer to ll with water and continue on through the complete wash and rinse cycle. 6.3.4 Repeat 6.3.2 and 6.3.3 four more times. 6.3.5 Wash this load of fabric through the complete cycle three times with no detergent. If there appears to be residual detergent (as evidenced by sudsing during the previous cycle) repeat the water only cycles one or two more times to ensure removal of all anionic detergent. 6.3.6 Dry fabrics in the automatic dryer at the normal or hot setting until the load is dry. 6.3.7 Store the fabrics. If closed storage is not available, store in plastic bags. 7. Fabric Treatment with Fabric Softener 7.1 Scope: 7.1.1 This section provides the procedure for application of the test products to the textile substrates. 7.2 Apparatus and MaterialsSame as 6.2. 7.3 Conditions of Treatment: 7.3.1 Washing Machine Water LevelUse the water ll setting that will give a 16 to 19-gal water level. Record actual water ll to the nearest gallon. 7.3.2 Water HardnessTap water or conditioned water containing 150 6 20 ppm calcium carbonate hardness. 7.3.3 Water TemperatureRecord temperature actually used. If only one treatment temperature is tested, use a warm wash/cold rinse setting. The suggested test temperatures are as follows:
Hot water Warm water Cold water 130F (54.4C) 90F (32.2C) 80F (26.7C)

7.4 Procedure: 7.4.1 Weigh three sheets and four towels previously prepared as in 6.3. Load weight should be 2.3 to 2.7 kg. 7.4.2 Set wash controls for regular or normal cycle with a wash period of 12 6 2 min and a water ll level of 16 to 19 gal. 7.4.3 Start wash cycle. As the washer lls, add wash detergent dose to washing machine. 7.4.4 Put fabric bundle in washer and allow washer to run until it reaches the deep rinse cycle. (If untreated control fabrics are being prepared, allow washer to go to nal spin and skip to 7.4.8). 7.4.5 Stop washer and remove towels and sheets. 7.4.6 Start deep rinse cycle until tub is approximately one third lled with cold water. If a rinse cycle product is being evaluated, add the required amount of fabric softener and agitate to ensure uniform dispersion. Record water temperature and time. Specify water temperature. 7.4.7 Add damp fabric bundle. Start machine and allow it to complete the rinse and spin cycles. 7.4.8 Place fabric bundle in dryer. Add dryer cycle softener, if appropriate. Use the regular or normal dryer setting. 7.4.9 Dry towels for 45 min or until dry. Store the towels overnight so they equilibrate (see 8.2.1). 7.4.10 Treated towels can now be evaluated for softness (Section 8) or absorbency (Section 9), or both. 8. Fabric Softness Evaluation by Test Panel Scoring 8.1 ScopeThis section covers a subjective testing procedure for ranking the relative softness of treated fabrics. Treated towels are ranked by panelists on a ve point scale (least soft = 1, most soft = 5). The comparisons include an untreated towel and a towel treated with a control product for benchmark rankings. 8.2 Procedure: 8.2.1 Condition the fabrics in a constant temperaturehumidity room (if available) for 24 h prior to evaluation. Suggested controlled environments are between 65 to 75F (18.3 to 23.9C) and 40 to 50 % relative humidity. 8.2.2 It has been observed that different scores result when one-day old towels are compared to four-day old towels. This may be due to a loss uff over time, resulting in a leveling effect. Fabrics being tested should all be treated with softener the day prior to the evaluation. 8.2.3 To effectively evaluate a set of towels, at least four panel members are needed. Eight are preferred. The panelists should wash their hands before handling the test fabrics. During the evaluation the panelists may need to rewash their hands to remove any softener or oily build up that might interfere with the test. 8.2.4 Each panelist is given a group of test fabrics for scoring. 8.2.4.1 Each group of test fabrics shall consist of up to ve pieces. The test group should contain one untreated control, one softness reference fabric, and no more than three test fabrics. The softness reference fabric has been treated with dihydrogenated tallow dimethyl ammonium chloride at 0.1 % single use level, based on dry fabric weight.

7.3.4 Dryer SettingUse the regular or normal dryer setting. 7.3.5 Fabric Load WeightDry load should weigh 2.3 to 2.7 kg. A load consisting of three sheets and four hand towels will generally be in this range. 7.3.6 Wash Detergent DosageUse 50 g of AATCC 1993 Standard Reference Detergent WOB (without brighteners). If a commercial detergent is used, follow manufacturers recommendation. If the wash detergent is also the softening product being evaluated, determine dosage in accordance with 7.3.7. 7.3.7 Softener Product DosageThe amount of the softener dispersion to be used in each test is determined by the level of active softener ingredient desired per unit weight of dry fabric. If commercial products are being tested, follow manufacturers dosage recommendations.

Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); Wed Feb 6 21:10:49 EST 2013 2 Downloaded/printed by Universidad Nacional de Colombia pursuant to License Agreement. No further reproductions authorized.

D5237 05
8.2.4.2 Panelist should use the same handling technique for scoring each towel in the test set. 8.2.4.3 The panelist rst picks out the harshest towel and scores it one. Then the softest towel is selected and scored ve. The other towels are scored intermediate between the high and low selections and given scores such as two, three, or four. The towels are then rearranged and the evaluation repeated. (To eliminate bias, towels are blind coded and panel members are not told their rating results before repeat evaluations.) 8.2.4.4 Additional comments by the panel member on the feel of the fabric should be recorded, for example, oily, waxy, greasy, etc. 8.2.4.5 After each test the scores are totaled and averaged to give a single rating number for each treatment product. 8.3 Paired Comparison Method: 8.3.1 Towels should be conditioned as in 8.2.1. 8.3.2 Fabrics (towels) being tested should all be treated with softener the day before testing. 8.3.3 For effective evaluation, at least 10 and preferably 15-20 panelists are required. 8.3.4 Arrange the towels in pairs so that towels treated with a product are paired at least once and preferably twice with towels treated with all the other treatments. Untreated towels may be included as an additional treatment. 8.3.5 A panelist feels each pair of towels and records their preference as to which towel of the pair is softer. The panelist must choose one of the towels in each pair, even if both appear equally soft. 8.3.6 When all the panelists have evaluated all the pairs, the results are tabulated and treated as described in Sensory Evaluation Techniques.4 8.3.6.1 For each pair of towels, total number of times each towel was judged softer. 8.3.6.2 Create a table with the number of columns and the number of rows both equal to the number of treatments. Label one column and one row with each treatment. 8.3.6.3 In the row for treatment A and the column for treatment B enter the number of times the towel treated with A were judged softer than the towel treated with B. In the row for treatment B, and the column for treatment A, enter the number of times treatment B was judged softer than treatment A. Do this for all the pairings. 9. Evaluation of Fabrics for Rewet (Water Absorbency) 9.1 ScopeThis section covers the evaluation of treated fabrics for water absorbency. Test strips of treated fabrics are positioned in a dyed water solution. The height of migration of the water in a specied time is measured. 9.2 Apparatus: 9.2.1 Swatches, two 2 by 5 in., cut from towels treated in accordance with 7.4. 9.2.2 Aqueous Solution, 0.010 % of Rhodamine BX or any water-soluble dye which is not substantive to cellulose. 9.2.3 Ring Stands, two. 9.2.4 9.2.5 9.2.6 9.2.7 9.2.8 Bar, one from stand. Clamp Holders and Binder Clamps, two. Laboratory Jacks, two large. Beakers, two 600 mL. Timers, two.

9.3 Procedure: 9.3.1 Attach the bar horizontally to the ring stands with two clamp holders. 9.3.2 Cut the 2 by 5-in. swatches from the towels, treated in accordance with Section 7. 9.3.3 Mark a line 1 cm from the narrow edge of each swatch. 9.3.4 Attach the 2 by 5-in. swatches onto the bar with the binder clamps. 9.3.5 Fill the beakers three-fourths full with the dye solution. 9.3.6 Raise the beakers with the jacks until the solution level is at the 1-cm mark on the swatches. Start the timer. 9.3.7 After 6 min, remove the swatches from the bar and measure the distance of migration. Because the migration line is often uneven, three readings are taken across each swatch and the readings are averaged. Record this value as mm/6 min. 9.3.8 Two swatches, containing no softener, are used for a reference control against which the treated swatches are compared. 9.4 Interpretation of ResultsThe greater the migration of the dye solution up the fabric, the better the rewet (absorbency) properties. 10. Evaluation of Fabrics for Whiteness Retention 10.1 Apparatus: 10.1.1 Same as fabric treatment. 10.1.2 Towel Swatches, 8 by 8 in. Cut 8 by 8-in. swatches from one of the stripped hand towels. Four to ten swatches will be needed for this whiteness retention test. 10.1.3 Light Source, to approximate northern daylight. 10.2 ConditioningSame as fabric treatment procedure. 10.3 Procedure: 10.3.1 Using indelible ink, mark the terry hand towels I, II, III, and IV. 10.3.2 At one of the borders of each swatch, mark the 8 by 8-in. towel swatches I, II, III, and IV. 10.3.3 Staple swatch I to towel I, swatch II to towel II, etc. 10.3.4 Follow fabric treatment procedure in accordance with 4.3.1 to 4.3.9, excluding 4.3.3. 10.3.5 Remove swatch I from towel I and retain in a clean, polyethylene bag, or other suitable container, for the scoring evaluation. 10.3.6 Staple a fresh 8 by 8-in. swatch marked Ia to towel I. 10.3.7 Repeat 4.3.2 to 4.3.9 of the fabric treatment method using the same towel and sheet bundle. 10.3.8 Remove swatch II from towel II and retain in a clean, polyethylene bag, or other suitable container, for the scoring evaluation. (Steps 10.3.5 through 10.3.7 should be repeated removing swatch III and replacing it with a swatch marked IIIa and, likewise, for swatch IB. At this point swatches are on hand

4 Meilgaard, Civille, and Carr, Sensory Evaluation Techniques, CRC Press LLC, 2000 N.W. Corporate Blvd., Boca Raton FL, 33431, pp. 103106.

Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); Wed Feb 6 21:10:49 EST 2013 3 Downloaded/printed by Universidad Nacional de Colombia pursuant to License Agreement. No further reproductions authorized.

D5237 05
which have been washed and softened one, two, three, and four times and the scoring should be done at this point.) 10.4 Interpretation of Results (Visual Method): 10.4.1 Fold the borders of each swatch and fasten with paper clips so that the identication number of the swatch is not visible to the scorer. 10.4.2 Fold the border of a stripped 8 by 8-in. swatch which has not been treated with softener but has been washed with detergent and fasten with paper clips so that it looks identical to the marker swatches. 10.4.3 Place the ve swatches on a black background under uorescent light. The swatches should be placed randomly on the black background and not in the order in which they were washed and softened. 10.4.4 Four to eight panelists should be selected for the test. Each panelist, individually, should be asked to rank the swatches according to whiteness. The panelist should be asked to score the swatches one through ve with the whitest being given a score of ve, the next to the whitest a score of four, etc. Record the scores given by each panelist. 10.4.5 Evaluate data to determine if there is a break or number of washings and softening at which discoloration begins to occur and if whiteness decreases with subsequent washing and softening. 10.4.6 Retain the test swatches in a clean, polyethylene bag for future reference, if comparisons are to be made with other softeners. 10.5 Interpretation of Results (Instrumental): 10.5.1 Apparatus: 10.5.1.1 Reectometer or Colorimeter, with UV lters. 10.5.2 Procedure: 10.5.2.1 Treated swatches are read for reectance using a reectometer or colorimeter. (Standardize equipment as described by the manufacturer.) Three readings should be taken using a different location for each reading. Record readings from the Hunter L, a, b Opponent-Colors scale or the CIE Tristimulus X, Y, Z scale. (See Note 1.) Record initial whiteness.
NOTE 1The relationship between Hunter L, a, b values and the CIE X, Y, Z values is as follows:
L = 10Y a = 17.5f s X/0.98041d 2 Y g Y b = 7.0f Y 2 s Z/1.18103d g Y Y = 0.01L 2 X= Z= 0.98041 0.01L 2 1

10.5.3.3 A four unit difference in whiteness between two samples is needed for two samples to be distinguished visually. 11. Measurement of Static Control 11.1 Apparatus: 11.1.1 Same as fabric treatment. 11.1.2 Fabric Bundle, high static, weighing approximately 2.5 kg (5.5 lb) consisting of the garments or equivalent in yard goods shown in Table 1. 11.1.3 AATCC standard detergent No. 123; or other, as desired. 11.1.4 Hygrometer. 11.1.5 Thermometer. 11.1.6 Softener DispersionThe amount of the softener dispersion to be used in each test is determined by the amount of active softener desired to be deposited on the dry weight of the fabric. (1) ExampleHow many grams of a 7.5 % active softener should be added to the nal rinse so that 0.1 % of active softener, based upon the dry weight of fabric, is available for a 2500-g cloth load? (2) Calculation2500 0.001/0.075 = 33.4 g of 7.5 % active softener dispersion.
NOTE 2Commercial fabric softeners can also be used. Follow manufacturers recommendations.

11.1.7 Instruments: 11.1.7.1 Simco Electrostatic Locator.5 11.1.7.2 Faraday cage; see description at end of method. 11.1.7.3 Voltmeter, 3000 V; see description at end of method. 11.1.7.4 Wooden Rod or Clothes Rack; (for instrumental method using Simco Electrostatic Locator). 11.1.7.5 Plastic Gloves; (for instrumental method using a Faraday Cage). 11.2 Conditioning: 11.2.1 Washing Machine Water LevelMedium for 5 to 6-lb (2.3 to 2.7-kg) fabric bundle. Medium water level is approximately 16 to 19 gal. 11.2.2 Water HardnessTap water or 150 ppm as CaCO3. Record hardness. 11.2.3 Water Temperatures.

bL 1.18103 0.01L 2 1 70

F F

S DG S DG
aL 175

10.5.3 Rating: 10.5.3.1 Calculate whiteness by either of the following equations, where appropriate to the instrument used: (1) W = L + 3a 3b (Stensby) (only if appropriate UV source is included) (2) W = L 3b (Hunter) (to be used when no UV source is included) or the Whiteness Index in accordance with Test Method E313 and AATCC Test Method 110.
WI 5 4 @ ~ ZCIE 2 /1.18103! # 2 3 Y (1)

5 The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this time is Simco Inc., 2257 North Penn Rd., Hateld, PA 19440. If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical committee 1, which you may attend.

TABLE 1 High-Static Fabric Bundle

Fabric Articles Approximate Weight, g 250 250 300 100 100 700 775 Bundle, % 10 10 12 4 4 28 31

10.5.3.2 The higher the numerical value, the whiter the fabric.

Nylon Tricot, 100 % slips, 3 whole and 2 half Polyester, 100 % 3 knit shirts, short sleeved Acrylic, 100 % 2 knit shirts (virgin orlon) Rayon, 100 % 1 shirt, long sleeved Acetate, 100 % 1 slip Polyester/Cotton, 1 or 2 sheets, full size, cut into 65/35 blend quarters Cotton Terry 6 towels

Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); Wed Feb 6 21:10:49 EST 2013 4 Downloaded/printed by Universidad Nacional de Colombia pursuant to License Agreement. No further reproductions authorized.

D5237 05
Hot Wash Warm Wash/Warm Rinse Cold Rinse 50C (;120F) 36C (;100F) 15C (;60F)

NOTE 3The record of the relative humidity should be reported with the percent static reduction.

11.2.3.1 Temperatures actually used should be recorded. 11.2.4 Dryer CycleNormal fabrics setting. 11.3 Procedure: 11.3.1 Follow 4.3.1 to 4.3.9 in the Fabric Treatment Method using the high-static bundle in place of the towel and sheet bundle. 11.3.2 Place fabric bundle in the dryer, which has been cleaned with a damp towel. 11.3.3 Dry bundle for 45 min. 11.3.4 Record the temperature and relative humidity within the vicinity of the dryer. Variation in relative humidity will inuence the degree of observed static control. (Upper limit is 40 % relative humidity.) 11.4 Interpretation of Results (instrumental method using a Simco Electrostatic Locator): 11.4.1 Set Simco Electrostatic Locator (static meter) near dryer. 11.4.2 Ground and zero static meter in accordance with instructions. 11.4.3 After drying time has elapsed, stop the machine, remove a section of one of the following fabrics, close door and resume tumbling. (WarningAvoid discharge remaining garments.) 11.4.4 Choose at least two garments or sections of 100 % polyester fabric, two garments or sections of 100 % acrylic fabric, and two garments or sections of 100 % nylon. 11.4.5 Hang the garment or section of fabric at, over the wooden rod or clothes rack. 11.4.6 Turn on static meter and approach fabric from about 1 ft away. Stop at exactly the desired distance from the material. 11.4.7 Read the meter and record value. 11.4.8 Ground the static meter and repeat the procedure, measuring the static for four different areas on the fabric. 11.4.9 Open the dryer and remove the next garment or section of fabric. Close door and resume tumbling. 11.4.10 Calculation:
static reduction, % 5 ~ a 2 b ! / a 3 100 (2)

11.5 Interpretation of Results (instrumental method using a Faraday Cage): 11.5.1 Check Faraday Cage to ensure that the inner cage does not touch the outer cage. 11.5.2 Turn on voltmeter. 11.5.3 After drying time has elapsed, put on plastic gloves and remove dried laundry from the dryer and place in Faraday Cage.
NOTE 4Avoid contact of the fabric with the body and the outer cage.

11.5.4 Press discharge button once to discharge the excess voltage on the load. This will standardize each load since the voltage in the dryer is unknown. 11.5.5 Take initial reading at the high end of the voltage scale, 3000 V. If reading does not register on meter, reduce voltage scale to 600 V and, if necessary, lower to 75-V scale. 11.5.6 Remove articles one at a time, making sure articles do not cling together. 11.5.7 Take reading. Use the correct scale. If the value is over 3000 V record as 3000 V. The needle indicator may go past the initial reading and then settle back. Record the voltage when settled. Take reading before needle starts drifting to 0.1. Note and record, if articles cling. 11.5.8 Discharge by pressing the discharge button. 11.5.9 Return the scale to 3000-V scale. 11.5.10 Repeat 11.5.5-11.5.9 until all of the fabric has been removed. 11.5.11 Record the temperature and relative humidity in the vicinity of the dryer. 11.5.12 CalculationAdd all the readings for a total charge of the load. 11.6 Interpretation of Results(subjective anti-static evaluation). 11.6.1 After drying time has elapsed, stop the machine and pull sections of fabric from the dryer. As fabric is being removed, the amounts of cling, crackle, and static are observed. 11.6.2 Evaluations should be made by at least two trained observers. 11.6.3 The following rating scale is used:
5 4 3 2 1 = no cling, crackle, or static = very slight cling = light cling, crackle, and static = moderate cling, crackle, and static = heavy cling, crackle and static

where: a = average voltage of an untreated bundle; that is, no fabric softener, and b = average voltage of a treated bundle.

Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); Wed Feb 6 21:10:49 EST 2013 5 Downloaded/printed by Universidad Nacional de Colombia pursuant to License Agreement. No further reproductions authorized.

D5237 05
ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentioned in this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility. This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every ve years and if not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standards and should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you should make your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below. This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the above address or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or service@astm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website (www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/ COPYRIGHT/).

Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); Wed Feb 6 21:10:49 EST 2013 6 Downloaded/printed by Universidad Nacional de Colombia pursuant to License Agreement. No further reproductions authorized.