Form 1: Mathematics Chapter 6: Integers 6.1 Integers 1. 2.

Integers whole number that has a positive sign (+) or a negative sign (), including zero. Positive integer whole number with a positive sign (+) or without any sign. Example: +2 or 2, +7 or 7, 8, 12 3. Negative integer whole number with a negative sign (). Example: -3, -10, -12 4. Fractions and decimal numbers are not integers. Example:
2 1 , 2.6 , 3.2 , 1 5 3

5.

Integers can be represented using a horizontal or a vertical number line.

Example: Use a number line to represent the integers from -5 to 3.

Example: Mark 6, -3, -1 and 4 on a number line.

6.

On a horizontal number line, an integer is always greater than the integers to its left and less than the integers to its right.

-2 is greater than -4, but is less than 1. Example: Which integer is greater, -2 or -8?

Answer:

7.

Integers can be arranged in increasing or decreasing order using a number line. Example: Arrange -4, 6, -3, 5, 0 and 1 in increasing order.

Answer: Example: Arrange 6, 0, 4, -2 and -4 in decreasing order.

Answer:

8.

Positive number any number with a positive sign (+) or without any sign. Example: +1 ,
2 1 , + 2 .6 , 3 .2 , 1 5 3

9.

Negative integer whole number with a negative sign (). Example: 1 ,

2 1 , 2.6 , 1 5 3

10. Positive and negative numbers are frequently used in real life situations involving: a) Increase in value or decrease in value Example: Price of an egg increased by 2 sen can be written as +2 sen. The price of an egg decreased by 1 sen can be written as -1 sen. b) Values greater than zero or less than zero Example: 36 m above sea level is written as +36 m. 50 m below sea level is written as -50 m. c) Opposite direction Example: If 8 km to the north is represented by +8 km, 10 km to the south is represented by -10 km. Example: Use a positive or negative number to represent each of the following word descriptions. a) A profit of RM500 b) A loss of RM80 c) 3 hours before take-off d) 2 hours after take-off e) 5 m above sea level f) 7 m below sea level ___________________ ___________________ ___________________ ___________________ ___________________ ___________________

6.2 Addition and Subtractions of Integers 1. Addition of integers a) Adding an integer to a positive integer can be represented using a number line by a movement towards the positive direction, which means from left to right. Example: -2 + 4 = _________

Example: -3 + 5 = _________

b) Adding an integer to a negative integer can be represented using a number line by a movement towards the negative direction, which means from right to left. Example: 2 + (-4) = _________

Example: 6 + (-4) + (-5) = _________

Example: The initial temperature of a cold storage was -2C. Two hours later, the temperature dropped by 3C. When the cold storage was switched off, the temperature rose by 7C. What was the new temperature of the cold storage? Solution:

2.

Subtraction of integers The difference between two integers is the number of steps required to move from the second integer to reach the first integer on a number line. a) If you move to the right, you will get a positive integer. Example: -3 (-8) = ________

Example: 4 (-3) = __________

b) If you move to the left, you will get a negative integer. Example: -8 (-3) = ________

Example: -6 2 = __________

Example: In the morning, the temperature of a city was -3C. Its temperature then dropped by 5C in the afternoon. At night, its temperature dropped by another 4C. Find the temperature of the city at night. Solution:

3.

Simplifying addition and subtraction of integers: a + (+b) = a + b a + (-b) = a b a (+b) = a b a (-b) = a + b Example:
a) 17 + ( 4) =

b) 7 ( 2) =

c)9 ( 1) =

d)8 ( 4) 3 =

e) 6 ( 7) ( 2) =

f) 8 + ( 7) +12 =