Chapter 9, Solution 1

Chapter 9, Solution 1.
= 103 rad/s
(a)
angular frequency
(b)
frequency
f =
= 159.2 Hz
2
(c)
period
T =
1
= 6.283 ms
f
(d)
Since sin(A) = cos(A 90),

vs = 12 sin(103t + 24) = 12 cos(103t + 24 90)
vs in cosine form is
vs = 12 cos(103t 66) V
(e)
vs(2.5 ms) = 12 sin((10 3 )(2.5 10 -3 ) + 24)

= 12 sin(2.5 + 24) = 12 sin(143.24 + 24)
= 2.65 V
(a)
amplitude = 8 A
(b)
= 500 = 1570.8 rad/s
(c)
f =
(d)
Is = 8-25 A
Is(2 ms) = 8 cos((500 )(2 10 -3 ) 25)
= 8 cos( 25) = 8 cos(155)
= -7.25 A
= 250 Hz
2
(a)
4 sin(t 30) = 4 cos(t 30 90) = 4 cos(t 120)
(b)
-2 sin(6t) = 2 cos(6t + 90)
(c)
-10 sin(t + 20) = 10 cos(t + 20 + 90) = 10 cos(t + 110)
(a)
v = 8 cos(7t + 15) = 8 sin(7t + 15 + 90) = 8 sin(7t + 105)
(b)
i = -10 sin(3t 85) = 10 cos(3t 85 + 90) = 10 cos(3t + 5)
v1 = 20 sin(t + 60) = 20 cos(t + 60 90) = 20 cos(t 30)
v2 = 60 cos(t 10)
This indicates that the phase angle between the two signals is 20 and that v1 lags
v2.
(a)
v(t) = 10 cos(4t 60)

i(t) = 4 sin(4t + 50) = 4 cos(4t + 50 90) = 4 cos(4t 40)
Thus, i(t) leads v(t) by 20.
(b)
v1(t) = 4 cos(377t + 10)

v2(t) = -20 cos(377t) = 20 cos(377t + 180)
Thus, v2(t) leads v1(t) by 170.
(c)
x(t) = 13 cos(2t) + 5 sin(2t) = 13 cos(2t) + 5 cos(2t 90)

X = 130 + 5-90 = 13 j5 = 13.928-21.04
x(t) = 13.928 cos(2t 21.04)
y(t) = 15 cos(2t 11.8)
phase difference = -11.8 + 21.04 = 9.24
Thus, y(t) leads x(t) by 9.24.
If f() = cos + j sin,

df
= -sin + j cos = j (cos + j sin ) = j f ( )
d
df
= j d
f
Integrating both sides

ln f = j + ln A
f = Aej = cos + j sin
f(0) = A = 1
i.e. f() = ej = cos + j sin
(a)
(b)
(c)
1545
1545
+ j2 =
+ j2
5 - 53.13
3 j4
= 398.13 + j2
= -0.4245 + j2.97 + j2
= -0.4243 + j4.97
(2 + j)(3 j4) = 6 j8 + j3 + 4 = 10 j5 = 11.18-26.57
8 - 20
(-5 j12)(10)
8 - 20
10
+
+
=
11.18 - 26.57
25 + 144
(2 + j)(3 - j4) - 5 + j12
= 0.71566.57 0.2958
j0.71
= 0.7109 + j0.08188
0.2958 j0.71
= 0.4151 j0.6281
10 + (850)(13-68.38) = 10+104-17.38
= 109.25 j31.07
(3 + j4)(5 + j8)
3 + j4
= 2+
25 + 64
5 j8
15 + j24 + j20 32
= 2+
89
= 1.809 + j0.4944
(a)
2+
(b)
4-10 +
1 j2
2.236 - 63.43
= 4-10 +
36
36
= 4-10 + 0.7453-69.43
= 3.939 j0.6946 + 0.2619 j0.6978
= 4.201 j1.392
(c)
810 + 6 - 20 7.879 + j1.3892 + 5.638 j2.052

=
980 450
1.5628 + j8.863 2.571 j3.064
13.533 - 2.81
13.517 j0.6629
=
=
5.88699.86
1.0083 + j5.799
= 2.299-102.67
= -0.5043 j2.243
(a) z1 = 6 j8, z 2 = 8.66 j 5, and z 3 = 4 j 6.9282

z1 + z 2 + z 3 = 10.66 j19.93
(b)
z1 z 2
= 9.999 + j 7.499
z3
(a)
(b)
(c)
z 1 z 2 = (-3 + j4)(12 + j5)

= -36 j15 + j48 20
= -56 + j33
z1
- 3 + j4 (-3 + j4)(12 + j5)
= -0.3314 + j0.1953
=
=
z2
144 + 25
12 j5
z 1 + z 2 = (-3 + j4) + (12 + j5) = 9 + j9
z 1 z 2 = (-3 + j4) (12 + j5) = -15 j
z1 + z 2
9 (1 + j)
- 9 (1 + j)(15 - j)
- 9 (16 + j14)
=
=
=
z1 z 2
15 2 12
226
- (15 + j)
= -0.6372 j0.5575

(a)
z 1 z 2 = (-3 + j4)(12 + j5)

= -36 j15 + j48 20
= -56 + j33
z1
(-3 + j4)(12 + j5)
- 3 + j4
=
= -0.3314 + j0.1953
=
z2
144 + 25
12 j5
(b)
z 1 + z 2 = (-3 + j4) + (12 + j5) = 9 + j9

z 1 z 2 = (-3 + j4) (12 + j5) = -15 j
z1 + z 2
9 (1 + j)
- 9 (1 + j)(15 - j)
- 9 (16 + j14)
=
=
=
2
2
z1 z 2
15 1
226
- (15 + j)
= -0.6372 j0.5575
(c)
(a) (0.4324 + j 0.4054)+ (0.8425 j 0.2534) = 1.2749 + j 0.1520
(b)
50 30 o
= 2.0833
24150 o
(c) (2+j3)(8-j5) (-4) = 35 +j14

(a)
3 j14
= 0.5751 + j 0.5116
15 + j11
(b)
(62.116 + j 231.82 + 138.56 j80)(60 j80)

24186 6944.9
=
= 1.922 j11.55
(67 + j84)(16.96 + j10.5983)
246.06 + j 2134.7
(c) ( 2 + j 4 )
(260 j120) = 256.4 j 200.89
(a)
(b)
(c)
10 + j6 2 j3
= -10 j6 + j10 6 + 10 j15
-5
-1 + j
= -6 j11
20 30 - 4 - 10
= 6015 + 64-10
160
345
= 57.96 + j15.529 + 63.03 j11.114
= 120.99 j4.415
1 j j 0
j
1 j
1
j 1+ j
1 j j
j
1
= 1 + 1 + 0 1 0 + j2 (1 j) + j2 (1 + j)
0
j
= 1 1 (1 j + 1 + j)
= 1 2 = -1
(a)
-10 cos(4t + 75) = 10 cos(4t + 75 180)

= 10 cos(4t 105)
The phasor form is 10-105
(b)
5 sin(20t 10) = 5 cos(20t 10 90)

= 5 cos(20t 100)
The phasor form is 5-100
(c)
4 cos(2t) + 3 sin(2t) = 4 cos(2t) + 3 cos(2t 90)

The phasor form is 40 + 3-90 = 4 j3 = 5-36.87
(a)
Let A = 8-30 + 60
= 12.928 j4
= 13.533-17.19
a(t) = 13.533 cos(5t + 342.81)
(b)
We know that -sin = cos( + 90).

Let B = 2045 + 30(20 + 90)
= 14.142 + j14.142 10.261 + j28.19
= 3.881 + j42.33
= 42.5184.76
b(t) = 42.51 cos(120t + 84.76)
(c)
Let C = 4-90 + 3(-10 90)

= -j4 0.5209 j2.954
= 6.974265.72
c(t) = 6.974 cos(8t + 265.72)
(a)
v1 ( t ) = 60 cos(t + 15)
(b)
V2 = 6 + j8 = 1053.13
v 2 ( t ) = 10 cos(40t + 53.13)
(c)
i1 ( t ) = 2.8 cos(377t /3)
(d)
I 2 = -0.5 j1.2 = 1.3247.4

i 2 ( t ) = 1.3 cos(103t + 247.4)
(a)
310 5-30 = 2.954 + j0.5209 4.33 + j2.5

= -1.376 + j3.021
= 3.32114.49
Therefore,
3 cos(20t + 10) 5 cos(20t 30) = 3.32 cos(20t +
114.49)
(b)
4-90 + 3-45 = -j40 + 21.21 j21.21

= 21.21 j61.21
= 64.78-70.89
Therefore,
40 sin(50t) + 30 cos(50t 45) = 64.78 cos(50t 70.89)
(c)
Using sin = cos( 90),

20-90 + 1060 5-110 = -j20 + 5 + j8.66 + 1.7101 + j4.699
= 6.7101 j6.641
= 9.44-44.7
Therefore,
20 sin(400t) + 10 cos(400t + 60) 5 sin(400t 20)
= 9.44 cos(400t 44.7)

(a) V = 4 60 o 90 o 540 o = 3.464 j 2 3.83 j 3.2139 = 8.966 4.399 o
Hence,
v = 8.966 cos(377t 4.399 o )
(b) I = 100 o + j 820 o 90 o ,
= 5 , i.e. I = 10 + 4020 o = 49.5116.04 o
i = 49.51 cos(5t + 16.04 o )
(a) F = 515 o 4 30 o 90 o = 6.8296 + j 4.758 = 8.323634.86 o

f (t ) = 8.324 cos(30t + 34.86 o )
(b) G = 8 90 o + 450 o = 2.571 j 4.9358 = 5.565 62.49 o

g (t ) = 5.565 cos(t 62.49 o )
1
(100 o + 5 90 o ), = 40
j
i.e. H = 0.25 90 o + 0.125 180 o = j 0.25 0.125 = 0.2795 116.6 o
(c) H =
h(t ) = 0.2795 cos(40t 116.6 o )

t
dv
Let f(t) = 10v(t ) + 4 2 v(t )dt
dt
2V
F = 10V + j 4V
, = 5, V = 20 30 o
j
F = 10V + j 20V j 0.4V = (10 j19.6)(17.32 j10) = 440.1 92.97 o
f (t ) = 440.1 cos(5t 92.97 o )
(a)
v(t) = 40 cos(t 60)
(b)
V = -3010 + 5060
= -4.54 + j38.09
= 38.3696.8
v(t) = 38.36 cos(t + 96.8)
(c)
I = j6-10 = 6(90 10) = 680

i(t) = 6 cos(t + 80)
(d)
2
+ 10-45 = -j2 + 7.071 j7.071
j
= 11.5-52.06
i(t) = 11.5 cos(t 52.06)
I =
(a)
V
= 100, = 1
j
V (1 j) = 10
10
V=
= 5 + j5 = 7.07145
1 j
Therefore,
v(t) = 7.071 cos(t + 45)
V+
(b)
4V
= 20(10 90), = 4
j
4
V j4 + 5 + = 20 - 80
j4
20 - 80
= 3.43 - 110.96
V=
5 + j3
Therefore,
v(t) = 3.43 cos(4t 110.96)
jV + 5V +

(a)
2jI + 3I = 4 - 45, = 2
I (3 + j4) = 4 - 45
4 - 45 4 - 45
=
= 0.8 - 98.13
I=
3 + j4
553.13
Therefore,
i(t) = 0.8 cos(2t 98.13)
(b)
I
+ jI + 6I = 522, = 5
j
(- j2 + j5 + 6) I = 522
522
522
I=
=
= 0.745 - 4.56
6 + j3 6.70826.56
Therefore,
i(t) = 0.745 cos(5t 4.56)
10

I
= 10, = 2
j
1
I j2 + 2 + = 1
j2
1
= 0.4 - 36.87
I=
2 + j1.5
Therefore,
i(t) = 0.4 cos(2t 36.87)
jI + 2I +

V
= 110 - 10, = 377
j
j100
= 110 - 10
V j377 + 50
377
V (380.682.45) = 110 - 10
V = 0.289 - 92.45
jV + 50V + 100
Therefore, v(t) = 0.289 cos(377t 92.45).
i( t ) =
v s ( t ) 110 cos(377 t )
=
= 13.75 cos(377t) A.
R
8
Z=
1
1
=
= - j 0.5
6
jC j (10 )(2 10 -6 )
V = IZ = (425)(0.5 - 90) = 2 - 65
Therefore
v(t) = 2 sin(106t 65) V.

Z = jL = j (500)(4 10 -3 ) = j2
V 60 - 65
I= =
= 30 - 155
Z
290
Therefore,
i(t) = 30 cos(500t 155) A.
Thus,
i(t) = 10 sin(t + 30) = 10 cos(t + 30 90) = 10 cos(t 60)

I = 10-60
v(t) = -65 cos(t + 120) = 65 cos(t + 120 180) = 65 cos(t 60)

Thus,
V = 65-60
Z=
V 65 - 60
=
= 6.5
I 10 - 60
Since V and I are in phase, the element is a resistor with R = 6.5 .

V = 18010,
Z=
I = 12-30,
= 2
V 18010
=
= 1540 = 11.49 + j 9.642
I 12 - 30
One element is a resistor with R = 11.49 .

The other element is an inductor with L = 9.642 or
L = 4.821 H.
110 = v 2R + v 2L
v L = 110 2 v 2R
v L = 110 2 85 2 = 69.82 V
v o = 0 if L =
1
C
1
(5 10 3 )(2 10 3 )
1
LC
= 100 rad/s

Vs = 50
jL = j (2)(1) = j2
1
1
=
= - j2
jC j (2)(0.25)
j2
j2
Vs = 50 = (190)(50) = 590
2 j2 + j2
2
Thus, v o ( t ) = 5 cos(2t + 90) = -5 sin(2t) V
Vo =
Let Z be the input impedance at the source.
10 F
jL = j 200 x100 x10 3 = j 20
100 mH
1
1
=
= j 500
jC j10 x10 6 x 200
1000//-j500 = 200 j400

1000//(j20 + 200 j400) = 242.62 j239.84
Z = 2242.62 j 239.84 = 2255 6.104 o
I=
60 10 o
= 26.61 3.896 o mA
o
2255 6.104
i = 266.1 cos(200t 3.896 o )

jL = j (5)(1) = j5
1
1
=
= -j
jC j (5)(0.2)
Let Z1 = - j ,
Z 2 = 2 || j5 =
Then,
Ix =
(2)( j5)
j10
=
2 + j5 2 + j5
Z2
I ,
Z1 + Z 2 s
where I s = 20
j10
j20
2 + j5
Ix =
(2) =
= 2.12 32
j10
5 + j8
- j+
2 + j5
Therefore,
i x ( t ) = 2.12 sin(5t + 32) A

1
F
(a)
1
1
=
= - j2
jC j (3)(1 / 6)
- j2
(10 45) = 4.472 - 18.43
4 j2
Hence, i(t) = 4.472 cos(3t 18.43) A
I=
V = 4I = (4)(4.472 - 18.43) = 17.89 - 18.43

Hence, v(t) = 17.89 cos(3t 18.43) V
1
F
12
(b)
3H
1
1
=
= - j3
jC j (4)(1 / 12)
jL = j (4)(3) = j12
V 500
= 1036.87
=
Z 4 j3
Hence, i(t) = 10 cos(4t + 36.87) A
I=
j12
(500) = 41.6 33.69
8 + j12
Hence, v(t) = 41.6 cos(4t + 33.69) V
V=

Z = 8 + j5 || (- j10) = 8 +
I=
( j5)(- j10)
= 8 + j10
j5 j10
V 40 0
20
=
=
= 3.124 - 51.34
Z 8 + j10 6.40351.34
I1 =
- j10
I = 2 I = 6.248 - 51.34
j5 j10
I2 =
j5
I = - I = 3.124128.66
- j5
Therefore,
i1 ( t ) = 6.248 cos(120t 51.34) A

i 2 ( t ) = 3.124 cos(120t + 128.66) A

(a)
For = 1 ,
1H
jL = j (1)(1) = j
1
1
0.05 F
=
= - j20
jC j (1)(0.05)
- j40
Z = j + 2 || (- j20) = j +
= 1.98 + j0.802
2 j20
V
4 0
40
=
=
= 1.872 - 22.05
Z 1.98 + j0.802 2.13622.05
Hence, i o ( t ) = 1.872 cos(t 22.05) A
Io =
(b)
For = 5 ,
1H
jL = j (5)(1) = j5
1
1
0.05 F
=
= - j4
jC j (5)(0.05)
- j4
Z = j5 + 2 || (- j4) = j5 +
= 1.6 + j4.2
1 j2
40
40
V
=
=
= 0.89 - 69.14
Z 1.6 + j4 4.49469.14
Hence, i o ( t ) = 0.89 cos(5t 69.14) A
Io =
(c)
For = 10 ,
1H
jL = j (10)(1) = j10
1
1
0.05 F
=
= - j2
jC j (10)(0.05)
- j4
Z = j10 + 2 || (- j2) = j10 +
= 1 + j9
2 j2
V 40
4 0
=
= 0.4417 - 83.66
=
Z 1 + j9 9.05583.66
Hence, i o ( t ) = 0.4417 cos(10t 83.66) A
Io =
= 1,
1H
jL = j (1)(1) = j
1
1
=
= -j
jC j (1)(1)
1F
Z = 1 + (1 + j) || (- j) = 1 +
I=
Vs
10
=
,
Z 2 j
- j+1
= 2 j
1
I c = (1 + j) I
V = (- j)(1 + j) I = (1 j) I =
Thus,
(1 j)(10)
= 6.325 - 18.43
2 j
v(t) = 6.325 cos(t 18.43) V

= 200
50 F
1
1
=
= - j100
jC j (200)(50 10 -6 )
0.1 H
jL = j (200)(0.1) = j20
50 || -j100 =
Vo =
(50)(-j100) - j100
=
= 40 j20
50 j100
1 - j2
j20
j20
(600) =
(600) = 17.14 90
j20 + 30 + 40 j20
70
Thus, v o ( t ) = 17.14 sin(200t + 90) V

or
v o ( t ) = 17.14 cos(200t) V
= 2
1H
jL = j (2)(1) = j2
1F
Io =
1
1
=
= - j0.5
jC j (2)(1)
j2 j0.5
j1.5
I=
40 = 3.32833.69
j2 j0.5 + 1
1 + j1.5
Thus, i o ( t ) = 3.328 cos(2t + 33.69) A

= 200
10 mH
jL = j (200)(10 10 -3 ) = j2
5 mF
1
1
=
= -j
jC j (200)(5 10 -3 )
Y=
1 1
1
3+ j
+ +
= 0.25 j0.5 +
= 0.55 j0.4
4 j2 3 j
10
Z=
1
1
=
= 1.1892 + j0.865
Y 0.55 j0.4
I=
60
60
=
= 0.96 - 7.956
5 + Z 6.1892 + j0.865
Thus, i(t) = 0.96 cos(200t 7.956) A
We obtain I o by applying the principle of current division twice.

I
I2
Z1
I2
Io
-j2
Z2
(a)
Z 1 = - j2 ,
(b)
Z 2 = j4 + (-j2) || 2 = j4 +
I2 =
Z1
- j2
- j10
I=
(50) =
Z1 + Z 2
- j2 + 1 + j3
1+ j
Io =
- j - j10 - 10
- j2
=
I2 =
= -5 A
2 - j2
1 - j 1 + j 1 + 1
- j4
= 1 + j3
2 - j2

i s = 5 cos(10 t + 40)
I s = 540
Let
0.1 F
1
1
=
= -j
jC j (10)(0.1)
0.2 H
jL = j (10)(0.2) = j2
Z1 = 4 || j2 =
j8
= 0.8 + j1.6 ,
4 + j2
Z2 = 3 j
Io =
Z1
0.8 + j1.6
(540)
Is =
3.8 + j0.6
Z1 + Z 2
Io =
(1.78963.43)(540)
= 2.32594.46
3.847 8.97
Thus, i o ( t ) = 2.325 cos(10t + 94.46) A

First, we convert the circuit into the frequency domain.
Ix
50
Ix =
j4
-j10
20
5
5
5
=
=
= 0.460752.63
j10(20 + j4) 2 + 4.588 j8.626 10.854 52.63
2+
j10 + 20 + j4
is(t) = 0.4607cos(2000t +52.63) A

Converting the circuit to the frequency domain, we get:
10
V1 30
Ix
20-40
We can solve this using nodal analysis.
j20
-j20
V1 20 40 V1 0
V 0
=0
+
+ 1
10
j20
30 j20
V1(0.1 j0.05 + 0.02307 + j0.01538) = 2 40
240
= 15.643 24.29
0.12307 j0.03462
15.643 24.29
=
= 0.43389.4
30 j20
= 0.4338 sin(100 t + 9.4) A
V1 =
Ix
ix

Z T = 2 + j2 || (1 j) = 2 +
I
( j2)(1 j)
=4
1+ j
Ix
j2
-j
j2
j2
I=
I,
j2 + 1 j
1+ j
1+ j
1+ j
I=
Ix =
j2
j4
where I x = 0.50 =
Ix =
1
2
1+ j
1+ j
(4) =
= 1 j = 1.414 - 45
j4
j
v s ( t ) = 1.414 sin(200t 45) V
Vs = I Z T =

Since = 100, the inductor = j100x0.1 = j10 and the capacitor = 1/(j100x10-3)
= -j10.
j10
540
Ix
+
-j10
20
vx
Using the current dividing rule:

j10
540 = j2.540 = 2.5 50
j10 + 20 + j10
Vx = 20I x = 50 50
Ix =
v x = 50 cos(100t 50) V
0.1 F
1
1
=
= - j5
jC j (2)(0.1)
0.5 H
jL = j (2)(0.5) = j
The current I through the 2- resistor is

Is
1
I=
Is =
,
1 j5 + j + 2
3 j4
I s = (10)(3 j4) = 50 - 53.13
where I = 10 0
Therefore,
i s ( t ) = 50 cos(2t 53.13) A
5 || j5 =
j25
j5
=
= 2.5 + j2.5
5 + j5 1 + j
Z1 = 10 ,
Z 2 = - j5 + 2.5 + j2.5 = 2.5 j2.5
I2
IS
Z1
Z2
I2 =
Z1
10
4
Is =
Is =
I
12.5 j2.5
5 j s
Z1 + Z 2
Vo = I 2 (2.5 + j2.5)
4
830 =
5
Is =
10 (1 + j)
I s (2.5)(1 + j) =
I
j
5 j s
(830)(5 j)
= 2.884-26.31 A
10 (1 + j)

Convert the delta to wye subnetwork as shown below.
Z1
Io
Z2
Z3
10
8
60 30 V
o
Z
Z1 =
j 2 x4
= 0.1532 j 0.7692,
10 j 2
Z3 =
12
= 1.1538 + j 0.2308
10 j 2
Z2 =
j6 x4
= 0.4615 + j 2.3077,
10 j 2
( Z 3 + 8) //( Z 2 + 10) = (9.1538 + j 0.2308) //(9.5385 + j 2.3077) = 4.726 + j 0.6062

Z = 2 + Z 1 + 4.726 + j 0.6062 = 6.878 j 0.163
Io =
60 30 o
60 30 o
=
= 8.721 28.64 o A
o
Z
6.88 1.3575

Since the left portion of the circuit is twice as large as the right portion, the
equivalent circuit is shown below.
+
Vs
+
2Z
V1
V2
V1 = I o (1 j) = 2 (1 j)
V2 = 2V1 = 4 (1 j)
Vs = V1 + V2 = 6 (1 j)
Vs = 8.485-45 V
12
-j20 V
I1
I2
-j4
+
Vo
I1 =
Vo
4
= = -j0.5
j 8 j8
I2 =
I 1 (Z + j8) (-j0.5)(Z + j8) Z

=
= +j
- j4
- j4
8
I = I 1 + I 2 = -j0.5 +
Z
Z
+ j = + j0.5
8
8
- j20 = 12 I + I 1 (Z + j8)
Z j - j
- j20 = 12 + + (Z + j8)
8 2 2
j8
3
1
- 4 - j26 = Z j
2
2
Z=
- 4 - j26 26.31261.25
=
= 16.64279.68
3
1 1.5811 - 18.43
j
2
2
Z = 2.798 j16.403
3H
jL = j 30
3F
1
= j / 30
j C
1.5F
1
= j / 15
j C
j
15 = j 0.06681
j 30 //( j / 15) =
j
j 30
15
j 30 x
Z=
j
j 0.033(2 j 0.06681)
//(2 j 0.06681) =
= 6 j 333 m
30
j 0.033 + 2 j 0.06681

2H
1F
jL = j 2
1
=j
j C
Z = 1 + j2 //( 2 j) = 1 +
j2(2 j)
= 2.6 + j1.2
j2 + 2 j
Y = 1 = 0.3171 j0.1463 S
Z

(a)
10 mF
1
1
=
= - j2
jC j (50)(10 10 -3 )
10 mH
jL = j (50)(10 10 -3 ) = j0.5
Z in = j0.5 + 1 || (1 j2)
1 j2
Z in = j0.5 +
2 j2
Z in = j0.5 + 0.25 (3 j)
Z in = 0.75 + j0.25
(b)
0.4 H
jL = j (50)(0.4) = j20
0.2 H
jL = j (50)(0.2) = j10
1
1
=
= - j20
jC j (50)(1 10 -3 )
1 mF
For the parallel elements,

1
1
1
1
=
+
+
Z p 20 j10 - j20
Z p = 10 + j10
Then,
Z in = 10 + j20 + Z p = 20 + j30

Z eq = 6 + (1 j2) || (2 + j4)
Z eq = 6 +
(1 j2)(2 + j4)
(1 j2) + (2 + j4)
Z eq = 6 + 2.308 j1.5385
Z eq = 8.308 j1.5385

Z = (25 + j15) + (20 j 50) //(30 + j10) = 25 + j15 + 26.097 j 5.122 = 51.1 + j 9.878

All of the impedances are in parallel.
1
1
1
1
1
=
+
+ +
Z eq 1 j 1 + j2 j5 1 + j3
1
= (0.5 + j0.5) + (0.2 j0.4) + (- j0.2) + (0.1 j0.3) = 0.8 j0.4
Z eq
Z eq =
1
= 1 + j0.5
0.8 j0.4
2 mH
jL = j (10 10 3 )(2 10 -3 ) = j20

1
1
1 F
=
= - j100
3
jC j (10 10 )(1 10 -6 )
50
+
10 A
j20
Vin
-j100
V = (10)(50) = 50
Vin = (10)(50 + j20 j100) + (2)(50)
Vin = 50 j80 + 100 = 150 j80
Z in =
Vin
= 150 j80
10
2V
First, replace the wye composed of the 20-ohm, 10-ohm, and j15-ohm impedances with
the corresponding delta.
200 + j150 + j300
= 20 + j45
10
200 + j450
200 + j450
z2 =
= 30 j13.333, z3 =
= 10 + j22.5
j15
20
z1 =
j12
j16
z2
10
z1
ZT
z3
j16
10
Now all we need to do is to combine impedances.

z 2 (10 j16) =
(30 j13.333)(10 j16)

= 8.721 j8.938
40 j29.33
z3 (10 j16) = 21.70 j3.821

ZT = 8 j12 + z1 (8.721 j8.938 + 21.7 j3.821) = 34.69 j6.93

j10(6 + j8)
= 19 j5
6 j2
3090
I=
= 0.3866 + j1.4767 = 1.527104.7 A
ZT
ZT = 4 +

Z T = 2 + (4 j6) || (3 + j4)
ZT = 2 +
(4 j6)(3 + j4)
7 j2
Z T = 6.83 + j1.094 = 6.9179.1
I=
V
120 10
=
= 17.350.9 A
Z T 6.917 9.1
Z T = (20 j5) || (40 + j10) =
(20 j5)(40 + j10) 170

=
(12 j)
60 + j5
145
Z T = 14.069 j1.172 = 14.118-4.76
I=
V
6090
=
= 4.2594.76
Z T 14.118 - 4.76
I
I1
I2
20
j10
I1 =
40 + j10
8 + j2
I=
I
60 + j5
12 + j
I2 =
20 j5
4 j
I=
I
60 + j5
12 + j
Vab = -20 I 1 + j10 I 2
Vab
Vab =
- (160 + j40)
10 + j40
I+
I
12 + j
12 + j
Vab =
- 150
(-12 + j)(150)
I=
I
12 + j
145
Vab = (12.457 175.24)(4.2597.76)

Vab = 52.94273 V
(a)
20 mH
jL = j (10 3 )(20 10 -3 ) = j20

1
1
12.5 F
=
= - j80
3
jC j (10 )(12.5 10 -6 )
Z in = 60 + j20 || (60 j80)
( j20)(60 j80)
Z in = 60 +
60 j60
Z in = 63.33 + j23.33 = 67.494 20.22
Yin =
(b)
1
= 0.0148-20.22 S
Z in
10 mH
20 F
jL = j (10 3 )(10 10 -3 ) = j10

1
1
=
= - j50
jC j (10 3 )(20 10 -6 )
30 || 60 = 20
Z in = - j50 + 20 || (40 + j10)
(20)(40 + j10)
Z in = - j50 +
60 + j10
Z in = 13.5 j48.92 = 50.75 - 74.56
Yin =
1
= 0.019774.56 S = 5.24 + j18.99 mS
Z in
Yeq =
1
1
1
+
+
5 j2 3 + j - j4
Yeq = (0.1724 + j0.069) + (0.3 j0.1) + ( j0.25)
Yeq = 0.4724 + j0.219 S

1
1
1
1
= +
= (1 + j2)
Yo 4 - j2 4
Yo =
4
(4)(1 j2)
=
= 0.8 j1.6
1 + j2
5
Yo + j = 0.8 j0.6
1
1 1
1
=
+
+
= (1) + ( j0.333) + (0.8 + j0.6)
Yo 1 - j3 0.8 j0.6
Yo
= 1.8 + j0.933 = 2.02827.41
Yo = 0.4932 - 27.41 = 0.4378 j0.2271

Yo + j5 = 0.4378 + j4.773
1
1
1
0.4378 j4.773
= +
= 0.5 +
Yeq 2 0.4378 + j4.773
22.97
1
= 0.5191 j0.2078
Yeq
Yeq =
0.5191 j0.2078
= 1.661 + j0.6647 S
0.3126

Make a delta-to-wye transformation as shown in the figure below.
a
Zan
Zbn
Zeq
Zcn
c
8
2
-j5
Z an =
(- j10)(10 + j15)
(10)(15 j10)
=
= 7 j9
5 j10 + 10 + j15
15 + j5
Z bn =
(5)(10 + j15)
= 4.5 + j3.5
15 + j5
Z cn =
(5)(- j10)
= -1 j3
15 + j5
Z eq = Z an + (Z bn + 2) || (Z cn + 8 j5)
Z eq = 7 j9 + (6.5 + j3.5) || (7 j8)
Z eq = 7 j9 +
(6.5 + j3.5)(7 j8)

13.5 j4.5
Z eq = 7 j9 + 5.511 j0.2
Z eq = 12.51 j9.2 = 15.53-36.33

We apply a wye-to-delta transformation.
j4
Zab
a
Zac
Zbc
Zeq
-j2
1
c
Z ab =
2 j2 + j4 2 + j2
=
= 1 j
j2
j2
Z ac =
2 + j2
= 1+ j
2
Z bc =
2 + j2
= -2 + j2
-j
j4 || Z ab = j4 || (1 j) =
1 || Z ac = 1 || (1 + j) =
( j4)(1 j)
= 1.6 j0.8
1 + j3
(1)(1 + j)
= 0.6 + j0.2
2+ j
j4 || Z ab + 1 || Z ac = 2.2 j0.6
1
1
1
1
=
+
+
Z eq - j2 - 2 + j2 2.2 j0.6
= j0.5 0.25 j0.25 + 0.4231 + j0.1154
= 0.173 + j0.3654 = 0.404364.66

Z eq = 2.473-64.66 = 1.058 j2.235
Transform the delta connections to wye connections as shown below.

a
j2
j2
-j18
-j9
j2
R1
R2
R3
b
- j9 || - j18 = - j6 ,
R1 =
(20)(20)
= 8 ,
20 + 20 + 10
R2 =
Z ab = j2 + ( j2 + 8) || (j2 j6 + 4) + 4
Z ab = 4 + j2 + (8 + j2) || (4 j4)
Z ab = 4 + j2 +
(8 + j2)(4 j4)
12 - j2
Z ab = 4 + j2 + 3.567 j1.4054
Z ab = 7.567 + j0.5946
(20)(10)
= 4,
50
R3 =
(20)(10)
= 4
50
Transform the delta connection to a wye connection as in Fig. (a) and then
transform the wye connection to a delta connection as in Fig. (b).
a
j2
j2
-j18
-j9
j2
R1
R2
R3
b
( j8)(- j6)
48
=
= - j4.8
j8 + j8 j6 j10
Z 2 = Z1 = -j4.8
( j8)( j8) - 64
Z3 =
=
= j6.4
j10
j10
Z1 =
(2 + Z1 )(4 + Z 2 ) + (4 + Z 2 )(Z 3 ) + (2 + Z1 )(Z 3 ) =

(2 j4.8)(4 j4.8) + (4 j4.8)( j6.4) + (2 j4.8)( j6.4) = 46.4 + j9.6
46.4 + j9.6
= 1.5 j7.25
j6.4
46.4 + j9.6
= 3.574 + j6.688
Zb =
4 j4.8
46.4 + j9.6
= 1.727 + j8.945
Zc =
2 j4.8
Za =
(690)(7.58361.88)
= 07407 + j3.3716
3.574 + j12.688
(-j4)(1.5 j7.25)
- j4 || Z a =
= 0.186 j2.602
1.5 j11.25
j6 || Z b =
j12 || Z c =
(1290)(9.1179.07)
= 0.5634 + j5.1693
1.727 + j20.945
Z eq = ( j6 || Z b ) || (- j4 || Z a + j12 || Z c )
Z eq = (0.7407 + j3.3716) || (0.7494 + j2.5673)

Z eq = 1.50875.42 = 0.3796 + j1.46

One such RL circuit is shown below.
20
20
+
+
j20
Vi = 10
j20
Vo
We now want to show that this circuit will produce a 90 phase shift.
Z = j20 || (20 + j20) =
V=
( j20)(20 + j20) - 20 + j20

=
= 4 (1 + j3)
20 + j40
1 + j2
Z
4 + j12
1 + j3 1
Vi =
(10) =
= (1 + j)
Z + 20
24 + j12
6 + j3 3
Vo =
j 1
j20
(1 +
V =
20 + j20
1 + j 3
j
j) = = 0.333390
3
This shows that the output leads the input by 90.

Since cos(t ) = sin(t + 90) , we need a phase shift circuit that will cause the
output to lead the input by 90. This is achieved by the RL circuit shown
below, as explained in the previous problem.
10
10
+
j10
Vi
j10
Vo
This can also be obtained by an RC circuit.

Let Z = R jX, where X =

| Z |= R 2 + X 2
X = | Z |2 R 2 = 1162 = 662 = 95.394
C=
1
1
=
C 2fC
1
1
= 27.81F
=
2fX 2x 60x95.394
(a)
- jX c
V
R jX c i
1
1
where X c =
=
= 3.979
C (2)(2 10 6 )(20 10 -9 )
Vo =
Vo
- j3.979
=
=
Vi 5 - j3.979
Vo
=
Vi
3.979
25 + 15.83
3.979
5 + 3.979
2
(-90 + tan -1 (3.979 5))
(-90 38.51)
Vo
= 0.6227 - 51.49
Vi
Therefore, the phase shift is 51.49 lagging
(b)
= -45 = -90 + tan -1 (X c R )

45 = tan -1 (X c R )
R = X c =
= 2f =
f=
1
C
1
RC
1
1
=
= 1.5915 MHz
2RC (2 )(5)(20 10 -9 )
8+j6
R
Z
-jX
Z = R //[8 + j (6 X )] =
R[8 + j (6 X )]
=5
R + 8 + j (6 X )
i.e 8R + j6R jXR = 5R + 40 + j30 j5X

Equating real and imaginary parts:
8R = 5R + 40 which leads to R=13.33
6R-XR =30-5 which leads to X=4.125.
(a)
Consider the circuit as shown.

20
V2
40
V1
30
+
Vi
+
j10
j30
j60
Vo
Z2
Z1
( j30)(30 + j60)
= 3 + j21
30 + j90
( j10)(43 + j21)
Z 2 = j10 || (40 + Z1 ) =
= 1.535 + j8.896 = 9.02880.21
43 + j31
Z1 = j30 || (30 + j60) =
Let Vi = 10 .
Z2
(9.02880.21)(10)
Vi =
21.535 + j8.896
Z 2 + 20
V2 = 0.387557.77
V2 =
Z1
3 + j21
(21.21381.87)(0.387557.77)
V2 =
V2 =
Z1 + 40
43 + j21
47.8526.03
V1 = 0.1718113.61
V1 =
j60
j2
2
V1 =
V1 = (2 + j)V1
30 + j60
1 + j2
5
Vo = (0.894426.56)(0.1718113.6)
Vo = 0.1536140.2
Vo =
Therefore, the phase shift is 140.2

(b)
The phase shift is leading.
(c)
If Vi = 120 V , then
Vo = (120)(0.1536140.2) = 18.43140.2 V
and the magnitude is 18.43 V.
200 mH
Vo =
(a)
jL = j (2 )(60)(200 10 -3 ) = j75.4
j75.4
j75.4
Vi =
(1200)
R + 50 + j75.4
R + 50 + j75.4
When R = 100 ,
j75.4
(75.490)(1200)
(120 0) =
Vo =
150 + j75.4
167.8826.69
Vo = 53.8963.31 V
(b)
When R = 0 ,
j75.4
(75.490)(120 0)
(1200) =
Vo =
50 + j75.4
90.47 56.45
Vo = 10033.55 V
(c)
To produce a phase shift of 45, the phase of Vo = 90 + 0 = 45.

Hence, = phase of (R + 50 + j75.4) = 45.
For to be 45,
R + 50 = 75.4
Therefore,
R = 25.4
Let
Z1 = R 1 ,
Z2 = R 2 +
1
,
jC 2
Zx =
Z3
Z
Z1 2
Rx +
R3
1
1
R 2 +
=
jC x R 1
jC 2
Rx =
R3
1200
R2 =
(600) = 1.8 k
R1
400
Z 3 = R 3 , and Z x = R x +
R1
400
1 R3 1
(0.3 10 -6 ) = 0.1 F
C x =
C2 =
=
1200
Cx R1 C2
R3
Cx =
R1
100
(40 10 -6 ) = 2 F
Cs =
2000
R2
Lx =
R2
500
(250 10 -3 ) = 104.17 mH
Ls =
1200
R1
1
.
jC x
Let
1
Z2 = R 2 ,
,
jC s
R1
jC s
R1
Z1 =
=
1
jR 1C s + 1
R1 +
jC s
Z1 = R 1 ||
Since Z x =
Z 3 = R 3 , and Z x = R x + jL x .
Z3
Z ,
Z1 2
R x + jL x = R 2 R 3
jR 1C s + 1 R 2 R 3
=
(1 + jR 1C s )
R1
R1
Equating the real and imaginary components,

R 2R 3
Rx =
R1
L x =
R 2R 3
(R 1C s ) implies that
R1
L x = R 2 R 3Cs
Given that R 1 = 40 k , R 2 = 1.6 k , R 3 = 4 k , and C s = 0.45 F

R 2 R 3 (1.6)(4)
=
k = 0.16 k = 160
R1
40
L x = R 2 R 3 C s = (1.6)(4)(0.45) = 2.88 H
Rx =
Let
1
,
jC 2
R4
- jR 4
Z4 =
=
jR 4 C 4 + 1 R 4 C 4 j
Z1 = R 1 ,
Since Z 4 =
Z3
Z
Z1 2
Z2 = R 2 +
Z1 Z 4 = Z 2 Z 3 ,
Z 3 = R 3 , and Z 4 = R 4 ||
1
.
jC 4

- jR 4 R 1
j
= R 3 R 2
R 4 C 4 j
C 2
jR 3
- jR 4 R 1 (R 4 C 4 + j)
= R 3R 2
2
2 2
R 4C4 + 1
C 2
Equating the real and imaginary components,

R 1R 4
= R 2R 3
2
R 24 C 24 + 1
(1)
2
R3
R 1 R 4 C 4
=
2
2 2
R 4 C 4 + 1 C 2
(2)
Dividing (1) by (2),
1
= R 2 C 2
R 4 C 4
1
2 =
R 2C2R 4C4
1
= 2f =
R 2C2 R 4C4
f=
1
2 R 2 R 4 C 2 C 4
Y=
1
1
1
+
+
240 j95 - j84
Y = 4.1667 10 -3 j0.01053 + j0.0119

Z=
1
1000
1000
=
=
Y 4.1667 + j1.37 4.386118.2
Z = 228-18.2
Z1 = 50 +
-j
1
= 50 +
(2)(2 10 3 )(2 10 -6 )
jC
Z1 = 50 j39.79
Z 2 = 80 + jL = 80 + j (2)(2 10 3 )(10 10 -3 )
Z 2 = 80 + j125.66
Z 3 = 100
1
1
1
1
=
+
+
Z Z1 Z 2 Z 3
1
1
1
1
=
+
+
Z 100 50 j39.79 80 + j125.66
1
= 10 -3 (10 + 12.24 + j9.745 + 3.605 j5.663)
Z
= (25.85 + j4.082) 10 -3
= 26.17 10 -3 8.97
Z = 38.21-8.97
(a)
(b)
Z = - j20 + j30 + 120 j20

Z = 120 j10
1
1
=
would cause the capacitive
C 2f C
impedance to double, while L = 2f L would cause the inductive
impedance to halve. Thus,
Z = - j40 + j15 + 120 j40
Z = 120 j65
If the frequency were halved,
Z in = jL || R +
jC
1
L
jL R +
+ jL R
jC
C
=
Z in =
1
1
R + jL +
R + jL
jC
Z in =
L
1
+ jL R R jL
C
C
R + L
To have a resistive impedance, Im(Z in ) = 0 . Hence,

L
1
=0
L R 2 L
C
C
R 2 C = L
1
C
2 R 2 C 2 = 2 LC 1
2 R 2 C 2 + 1
L=
2 C
(1)
Ignoring the +1 in the numerator in (1),
L = R 2 C = (200) 2 (50 10 -9 ) = 2 mH
Let
Vs = 1450 ,
I=
X = jL = j (2)(60) L = j377 L
Vs
1450
=
80 + R + jX 80 + R + jX
V1 = 80 I =
50 =
(80)(145)
80 + R + jX
(80)(145)
80 + R + jX
Vo = (R + jX) I =
110 =
(1)
(R + jX)(1450)
80 + R + jX
(R + jX)(145)
80 + R + jX
(2)
From (1) and (2),

50
80
=
110
R + jX
11
R + jX = (80)
5
R 2 + X 2 = 30976
From (1),
(80)(145)
80 + R + jX =
= 232
50
(3)
6400 + 160R + R 2 + X 2 = 53824

160R + R 2 + X 2 = 47424
(4)
Subtracting (3) from (4),

160R = 16448
R = 102.8
From (3),
X 2 = 30976 10568 = 20408
X = 142.86 = 377 L
L = 0.3789 H
Z in =
1
+ R || jL
jC
Z in =
-j
jLR
+
C R + jL
- j 2 L2 R + jLR 2
=
+
C
R 2 + 2 L2
To have a resistive impedance, Im(Z in ) = 0 .
Hence,
-1
LR 2
=0
+ 2
C R + 2 L2
1
LR 2
= 2
C R + 2 L2
R 2 + 2 L2
C=
2 LR 2
where = 2 f = 2 10 7
C=
9 10 4 + (4 2 1014 )(400 10 12 )
(4 2 1014 )(20 10 6 )(9 10 4 )
C=
9 + 16 2
nF
72 2
C = 235 pF
(a) Z o =
Z
=
Y
10075 o
= 471.413.5 o
o
6
45048 x10
(b) = ZY = 10075 o x 45048 o x10 6 = 0.212161.5 o

Z = Zs + 2 ZA + ZL
Z = (1 + 0.8 + 23.2) + j(0.5 + 0.6 + 18.9)
Z = 25 + j20
IL =
VS
1150
=
Z 32.02 38.66
I L = 3.592-38.66 A

Chapter 9, Solution 1

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Chapter 9, Solution 1

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Chapter 9, Solution 1.

Since sin(A) = cos(A 90),

vs(2.5 ms) = 12 sin((10 3 )(2.5 10 -3 ) + 24)

= 500 = 1570.8 rad/s

4 sin(t 30) = 4 cos(t 30 90) = 4 cos(t 120)

-2 sin(6t) = 2 cos(6t + 90)

-10 sin(t + 20) = 10 cos(t + 20 + 90) = 10 cos(t + 110)

v = 8 cos(7t + 15) = 8 sin(7t + 15 + 90) = 8 sin(7t + 105)

i = -10 sin(3t 85) = 10 cos(3t 85 + 90) = 10 cos(3t + 5)

v(t) = 10 cos(4t 60)

v1(t) = 4 cos(377t + 10)

x(t) = 13 cos(2t) + 5 sin(2t) = 13 cos(2t) + 5 cos(2t 90)

If f() = cos + j sin,

Integrating both sides

810 + 6 - 20 7.879 + j1.3892 + 5.638 j2.052

Chapter 9, Solution 10.

(a) z1 = 6 j8, z 2 = 8.66 j 5, and z 3 = 4 j 6.9282

Chapter 9, Solution 11.

z 1 z 2 = (-3 + j4)(12 + j5)

Chapter 9, Solution 12.

z 1 z 2 = (-3 + j4)(12 + j5)

z 1 + z 2 = (-3 + j4) + (12 + j5) = 9 + j9

Chapter 9, Solution 13.

(a) (0.4324 + j 0.4054)+ (0.8425 j 0.2534) = 1.2749 + j 0.1520

(c) (2+j3)(8-j5) (-4) = 35 +j14

(62.116 + j 231.82 + 138.56 j80)(60 j80)

(260 j120) = 256.4 j 200.89

Chapter 9, Solution 15.

Chapter 9, Solution 16.

-10 cos(4t + 75) = 10 cos(4t + 75 180)

5 sin(20t 10) = 5 cos(20t 10 90)

4 cos(2t) + 3 sin(2t) = 4 cos(2t) + 3 cos(2t 90)

Chapter 9, Solution 17.

We know that -sin = cos( + 90).

Let C = 4-90 + 3(-10 90)

Chapter 9, Solution 18.

i1 ( t ) = 2.8 cos(377t /3)

I 2 = -0.5 j1.2 = 1.3247.4

Chapter 9, Solution 19.

310 5-30 = 2.954 + j0.5209 4.33 + j2.5

4-90 + 3-45 = -j40 + 21.21 j21.21

Using sin = cos( 90),

Chapter 9, Solution 20.

(b) I = 100 o + j 820 o 90 o ,

= 5 , i.e. I = 10 + 4020 o = 49.5116.04 o

i = 49.51 cos(5t + 16.04 o )

Chapter 9, Solution 21.

(a) F = 515 o 4 30 o 90 o = 6.8296 + j 4.758 = 8.323634.86 o

(b) G = 8 90 o + 450 o = 2.571 j 4.9358 = 5.565 62.49 o

h(t ) = 0.2795 cos(40t 116.6 o )

Chapter 9, Solution 22.

Chapter 9, Solution 23.

v(t) = 40 cos(t 60)

I = j6-10 = 6(90 10) = 680

Chapter 9, Solution 24.

Chapter 9, Solution 25.

Chapter 9, Solution 26.

Chapter 9, Solution 27.

Therefore, v(t) = 0.289 cos(377t 92.45).

Chapter 9, Solution 28.

Chapter 9, Solution 29.

v(t) = 2 sin(106t 65) V.

Chapter 9, Solution 30.