(สรุปสูตร) สรุปสูตรคณิตศาสตร์เพิ่มเติม ม456

DekTalent.com .
4-5-6
: .4-5-6
Dektalent.com
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DekTalent.com .4-5-6
1

1) (T) (F)

2)
()

4
p q
T
T
F
F
T
F
T
F
pq
pq
pq
pq
T
F
F
F
T
T
T
F
T
F
T
T
T
F
F
T
1)
2)
3) ...
4)
1)
2)
pq qp
pqqp
pq qp
p (q r) (p q) r
p (q r) (p q) r
p (q r) (p q) (p r)
p (q r) (p q) (p r)
(p q) p q
p q p q ( )
(p q) p q

p q q p ( )
p q (p q) (q p)

1) (~)

(Tautology)
1)
2) 3 / /
3) ...( )

1)

... ()

1) x [P(x)] x
2) x [P(x)] x
3)
4) 2
xy [P(x, y)] (x y )
xy [P(x, y)] (x y 1 )
xy [P(x, y)] (x y )
xy [P(x, y)] (x y 1 )

1)
x [P (x)] x [P (x)]
x [P (x)] x [P (x)]
xy [P(x,y)] xy [P(x, y)]
a, b b 0

1)
2)
- 0.2 =
4
10
232
21
31
- 0. 4 = , 0.23 =
= , 0. 3 1 =
9
90
90
99

1) 0 0
2) 1 1
3) a a a
10 -10 ( )
4) a
1
a
1)
ab = a + b 2 25 25 = 2 + 5 2 = 5
1) ( 2 )
-
-
-
-
-
- -
-
-
2) 2 + + = 0
2 4
=
2
(Interval)
a,b a < b
1) 4
2) [a,b]
3) (a,b)
4) 2 [a, b) [a, b) [, ]
(,)
5) 2 (a, ) (-, a)
6)
1) 3
2) >, <,
-2x < 6 -2 x > - 3
(Absolute value)
1) a 0 () a
2)
3)
x 0
x = x
x y = yx
x 2 = x2 = x2
xy = x y
x
x
=
y
y
x+ y x + y
x y x y
4) 3
4.1
4.2
4.3
5)
a
- |x| a a x a
- |x| < a a < x < a
- |x| > a x < -a x > a
- |x| a x -a x a
1) b | a b a , b a
2) b a c a = bc
3) a|b b|c a|c
4) a, b, c I a|b a|c a|(bx+cy) x, y I bx+cy b c
5) : 1
50 = 2 x 5 x 5

1) = x +
1) : a b c a b
a b 4 16 8
2) : a b d d|a
d|b d a b
3) ...= (a,b) ...
, ... = [a,b] ...

4) ...
5) ... x ... = 2
1) 2 1
2) 2
3)
1) 2 ... 1
2) 2
8 15 ... 1
4

1)
2)
3) A At
4) 0 0
5) 2x2, 3x3
6) 0
3 0 2 0 0
0 2
0 3 0
0 0 1
7) aij = a ji A = At A = At
8) 0

1)
2)
2
1)

2) x
3) A x B B x A (AB BA)
4) A
A1 =
1 d b
ad bc c a
5) ad bc = 0 A-1 (Singular matrix)
ad bc 0 A-1 (Non-singular matrix)
(det)
1) 2x2 A
a
A = 11
a21
a12
a22
det A =
det A = a11a22 a21a12

a11
a
21
a12
a22
2) 3x3
1 (Minor)
2 (Cofactor)
3
3) det 3x3
_
5 1 6
A = 2 5 7
4 8 9
5 -1

. 3x3 4x4
2 5
4 8
4) A (Singular Matrix) det A = 0

5) A (Non-singular Matrix) det A 0
2x2
1 A
2 A
3 (Ad-joint Matrix = adj A)
A = adj A = Ct(A)
4 det A
5 A
A1 =
1
adjA
det A
5

(a , b) = (c , d) a = c b = d
A B (a , b) a A b B
AB A = {1,2} , B = {3,4,5} AxB = {(1,3),(1,4),(1,5),(2,3),(2,4),(2,5)}

1) A m B n AB mn
2) A B = A = B =
3) A (B C) = (A B) (A C)
4) A (B C) = (A B) (A C)
5) A (B C) = (A B) (A C)
6) A B B A
r A B r A B A B n
A B 2n

r
- r
- r

- y x
- x x

- x y
- y y
1. 0
2.
1. 0
2.
( , 1 )
( , 2 )
1 = 2

y 1
10
1) f(x) f x
f(x) = 2x + 3 f(2) f(2) = 2(2) + 3 = 7
f(x+3) f(x+3) = 2(x+4) + 3 = 2x + 8 + 3 = 2x + 11
2) f f(x)
f(x + 3) = 4x + 5 f(x) x + 3 = a x = a 3 x
f(x + 3) = 4x + 5
f(a) = 4(a 3) + 5
f(a) = 4a 12 + 5 = 4a 7
f(x) = 4x 7
3) f f
f(x + 3) = 4x + 5 f(5)
x + 3 = 5 x = 5 3 = 2 2
f(x + 3) = 4x + 5
f(5) = 4(2) + 5 = 13
4) f f
f(x + 3) = 4x + 5 f(x + 5) ( )
x + 3 = a + 5 x = a + 5 3 = a + 2 a + 2
f(x + 3) = 4x + 5
f(a + 5) = 4(a + 2) + 5 = 4a + 8 + 5 = 4a + 13
f(x + 5) = 4x + 13
A B
1) f:A B
2) A B : f A f B
2) 4
1:1
1:1

11

+ + = 0 = +

= | | +

= 2 + +

= 1 + 2 1 + 3 2 +
= 2 3 5 + 2

(Composite Function)

fog(x) f(g(x))
f(x) = 2x+5 g(x) = 3x 7 gof(x)

gof(x) = g(f(x))
= g(2x + 5)
g(x) = 3x 7
g(2x + 5) = 3(2x + 5) 7
= 6x + 15 7
= 6x + 8
gof(x) = 6x + 8
(Inverse Function)

1) 1 f
2) 1 1
3) f = f f = f
4) 1 - 1 1
5) f(x) = 4x 9 1 (3)
1
f(x) = y = 4x 9
x y x = 4y 9 y = x
y =
+9
4
1 () =
1 (3)
y 1 ()
+9
4
3+9
4
= 3
12
(Algebra of Function)

1.
2.
3.
4.
+ = {(, ) = () + () f g }
= {(, ) = () () f g }
= {(, ) = () () f g }
f
g
= {(, )
f ( x)
f g () 0 }
g ( x)
13
6

1) (1 , 1 ) , (2 , 2 ) (3 , 3 )
- AB
(1 2 )2 + (1 2 )2
-
(x, y ) = x +2 x
- m:n
mx2 + nx1 my2 + ny1

,
m+n
m+n
x1 + x2 + x3 y1 + y2 + y3
,
3
3
- n
x
1
1
y1
2
m AB =
y1 + y2
x3 ...
y3 ...
x2
y2
xn
yn
x1
y1
y1 y2
= tan
x1 x2
2)

+ + = 0 =
A
B
= + = (0, )
1 = ( 1 )

+ =1
3) -1 (1 2 = 1)
4) (1 = 2 )
5) (1 , 1 ) Ax + By + C = 0

d=
Ax1 + By1 + C
A2 + B 2
6) 1 Ax + By + C1 = 0
2 Ax + By + C2 = 0
1 2

d=
C1 C2
A2 + B 2
14
1)
x = x + h x = x h
y = y + k y = y k
2)

- (0 , 0)
2 + 2 = 2
( )2 + ( )2 = 2
- (h , k)
-
2 + 2 + + + = 0
3)
-
(Directrix)
(Focus)

(vertex)
= |4c|
4 1) 2) 3) 4)
-
- (0 , 0) 2 = 4
- ( , ) 2 = 4( )
( c c )
-
- (0 , 0) 2 = 4
- ( , ) 2 = 4( )
( c c )
4)
-
2
.

15
2 X( X) Y( Y)
X
(0 , 0)
(h , k)
Y
(0 , 0)
(h , k)
a,b,c
y2
x2
+
= 1
a2
b2
( x h) 2
( y k)2
+
b2
a2
y2
x2
+
= 1
a2
b2
( y k)2
( x h) 2
+
a2
b2
2 = 2 + 2
=1
= 1
= = 2a / = 2b / = 2c / =

5)
2b 2
a
2
.

-
-
-
- L1 L2
3 X , Y
X( X)
-
(0 , 0)
(h , k)
Y( Y)
(0 , 0)
(h , k)
y2
x2
- 2
a2
b
( x h) 2
a2
y2
x2
a2
b2
( y k)2
a2
a,b,c c 2 = a 2 + b 2
=1
-
( y k)2
b2
=1
=1
-
( x h) 2
b2
=1
= = 2a / = 2b / = 2c / =
2b 2
a
16

xy = k
k > 0 1 3
k < 0 2 4
17
7

1) ( = x ) 2
1 > 1
2 0 < < 1
1. (0 , 1) x
a > 1
0 < a < 1
2. (R)
3. (R+)

1)
-
-
2)
y = ax a > 0 a 1
- a > 0
- 0 < a < 1
18

1)
2) y = logax 2
1 > 1
2 0 < < 1
1. (1 , 0) y
> 1
0 < < 1
2. (R+)

1. log(MN ) = log a M + log a N
M
2. log = log a M log a N
N
3. log a a = 1
4. log a 1 = 0
5. log a M p = p log a M
log a M
1
1
6. log N
=
= log 1 M = log N M 7. log N M =
log a N log M N
M
N
p
8. log a q M p = log a M
q
9. a
log
=M
19

1)
2) -
3) log5 = 1 log2

1) 10
log2 , log3

1)
2.7182818 In
20
8

1) x = cos, y = sin
2) > 0 , < 0
3)
8
1. sinA cosecA = 1
2. cosA secA = 1
3. tanA cotA = 1
4. sin2A + cos2A = 1 ()
5. sec2A - tan2A = 1
6. cosec2A - cot2A = 1
7. =
8. =
1
1) X , 2 , -

3
2) Y ,
2
2

1) =
2) =
3) =
4) =
5) =
6) =
sin cosine
tan cotangent
sec cosec
21

1. sin( A + B) = sin A cos B + cos A sin B
2. sin( A B) = sin A cos B cos A sin B

3. cos( A + B) = cos A cos B sin A sin B
4. cos( A B) = cos A cos B + sin A sin B
5. tan( A + B) =
tan A + tan B
1 tan A tan B
6. tan( A B) =
tan A tan B
1 + tan A tan B
7. cot( A + B) =
cot B cot A 1
cot B + cot A
8. cot( A B) =
cot B cot A + 1
cot B cot A

1) 2 sin A cos B = sin( A + B) + sin( A B)
2) 2 cos A sin B = sin( A + B) sin( A B)
3) 2 cos A cos B = cos( A + B) + cos( A B)
4) 2 sin A sin B = cos( A + B) cos( A B)

1)
+
sin + sin = 2 sin
cos
2 2
2) sin sin = 2 cos
+
2
sin
2
2 sin A sin B = cos( A B) cos( A + B)
3)
4) cos cos = 2 sin
2 , 3
2
1) sin 2 A = 2 sin A cos A
=
+
cos + cos = 2 cos
cos
2 2
2 tan A
1 + tan 2 A
2) cos 2 A = cos 2 A sin 2 A
3)
tan 2 A =
2 tan A
1 tan 2 A
4)
cot 2 A =
cot 2 A 1
2 cot A
= 2 cos 2 A 1
+
2

sin
= 1 2 sin 2 A
1 tan 2 A
=
1 + tan 2 A
3
1) sin 3 A = 3 sin A 4 sin 3 A
2) cos 3 A = 4 cos3 A 3 cos A
3) tan 3 A = 3 tan A tan
2
1 3 tan A

1) sin A =
2
2) cos 2 =
3)
tan
1 cos A
2
1 + cos A
2
A
1 cos A
=
2
1 + cos A
22

1. 1-1
2. 1-1
3.
1-1
4. 1-1

1)
a
b
c
=
=
sin A sin B sin C
sin A sin B sin C

=
=
a
b
c
2)
a 2 = b 2 + c 2 2bc cos A
b 2 = a 2 + c 2 2ac cos B
c 2 = a 2 + b 2 2ab cos C
3) ABC
=
1
ab sin C
2
1
1
ac sin B = bc sin A
2
2
4) ( 3 )
s = a + b + c
= s ( s a )( s b)( s c)
2
30 , 45 60
23
9

1) 2 2 x y (x,y)
2) 3 3 x y z (x,y,z)
2
1) 2 P(x1 , y1) Q(x2 , y2)
PQ = ( x2 x1 ) 2 + ( y 2 y1 ) 2
2) 3 P(x1 , y1 , z1) Q(x2 , y2 , z2 PQ = ( x2 x1 ) 2 + ( y 2 y1 ) 2 + ( z 2 z1 ) 2
1
0 0 = 0
> 0
< 0
2
0 , 0
+ = 0 = 0 = 0
1) 2

(1 , 1 )
2) 3

1
= 2
(2 , 2 )
2 1
(1 , 1 , 1 ) (2 , 2 , 2 )
2 3
1) 2
=
|| = 2 + 2

1
= 2

2 1
2) 3
2 1
= 2 1
2 1
= (2 1 )2 + (2 1 )2
= || = 2 + 2 + 2
2 1
= 2 1
= (2 1 )2 + (2 1 )2 + (2 1 )2
2 1
24
2 3
1) 2
= 1
2) 3
u
u
u
u
=
=
a

a 2 + b 2 b
a
1
b
2
2
2
a +b +c
c
1
u
v
u
3) ,

1) 2
u = x1i + y1 j v = x2i + y2 j u v u v
1) u v = x1 x2 + y1 y2
2) u v = u v cos u v
2) 3
u = [a1 , b1 , c1 ] v = [a2 , b2 , c2 ] u v u v
1) u v = a1a2 + b1b2 + c1c2
2) u v = u v cos u v
3) (u + v ) (u + v ) = u + v 2 = u 2 + 2u v + v 2
4) (u v ) (u v ) = u v 2
= u + 2 u v cos + v
2
2
= u 2u v + v
= u 2 u v cos + v

1) u = [a1 , b1 , c1 ] v = [a2 , b2 , c2 ]
u v = [b1c2 b2c1 , c1a2 c2 a1 , a1b2 a2b1 ]
2)
u v =
u v
b1 c1
a c
a b
i 1 1 j+ 1 1 k
b2 c2
a 2 c2
a2 b2
u v = u v sin
25
10

1)
2) Z = a + b
Z = (a, b)
a b
3) 2 = 1

1)
(a, b) = (2, 3) a = 2, b = 3 a + b = 2 + 3
1)
(5 + 3) + (7 2) = (5 + 7) + (3 2) = 12 +
2) 2 2 -1

(0,0) 0 + 0
(, ) (-a, -b) a bi
(1,0) 1 + 0
1
= 2 2 , 2 2
(, )
+
+
+

1)
2)
3)
= + =
+ =

Z1 , Z2 Z3
1.
Z1 + Z2
Z1 + Z2
2.
3.
Z1 Z2
Z1 Z2
4.
5.
7.
Z 1
Z Z
= (Z )

1
6.
Z1 Z2
Z1 Z2
Z1
Z2
Z1
Z2
= Z
26

+ |

Z1 , Z2 Z3
2
+ |
+ |
= 2 + 2
1.
= zz
2.
z = z = z
3.
z1 z2 = z1 z2
4.
z
z1
= 1
z2
z2
5.
z 1 = z
6.
z1 + z2 z1 + z2
7.
z1 z2 z1 z2
8.
zn

1) = + = +
() = ( + ) =
= 2 + 2 =
r Z

1 = 1 (1 + 1 )
2 = 2 (2 + 2 )
1 2 = 1 2 [(1 + 2 ) + (1 + 2 )]
1
1
2
[(1 2 ) + (1 2 )]
= ( + )
1
+ 2k
Z n = n r cos
n
r= Z =
+ 2k
+ i sin
k = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, ,(n-1)
r+a
ra

+
i
2
2
r + a r a i
2
2
a2 + b2
27
1 x2 + + = 0
1)
2 4
2) =
2
2
1)
2)
3)
+
+
28
11
1) V(G)
2) E(G)
3)
4)
5)

6) V(G) = V(H) E(G) = E(H)
7) 2
8) (degree) v v deg v
1)
2)

3)
4)
5)
6)
7) G G
8)
9)
10)
29
12
1
2 n1
n2
2 = n1n2
2
k n1 2 n2
2 3 n3
k = n1n2n3 nk
n
! = 1 2 3 4 ( 2) ( 1)
5! = 5 x 4 x 3 x 2 x 1
(Permutation)
1) 2 ,
2) 2 ,
3)
- n r (r n)

= , = ()!
- n n

= , = !
4)
1 1 1
2 1
3
4 2 3
30
5)
2 a 2 b 2
1 ()
a!
2 () a + 1
6)
n
1 : 1 2 : 2 3 : 3 r : r ( r n )
1. 2
= ! ! (2!)
2. 3
= ! ! ! (3!)
3. k
= (!) (!)
7)
n
= ( 1)!
,
=
(1)!
2
8)
=
1 ! 2 ! 3 ! !
2 2!
9)
=
(1)!
1 ! 2 ! 3 ! !
... 1 , 2 , 3 , , 1 ... 1

1)
n r = , = =
2)
- 1
-
1
-
2 1
,
!
!
()!!
AAA BB C
31
n n n n 1 n n 2 2
n
n
a + a b + a b + ... + a n r b r + ... + b n
0
1
2
r
n
(a + b )n =
n
Tr +1 = a n r b r
r
32
13-14

1.

4
1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4
2.

2
1)
.
2)

2
1)
2)

1)

2)

3)
4)

3.

-
-

-
4.
-
-
-
-
-
33
( )

N
1. c = c+
c
+
c +...
+c = cN
i =1
i =1
N
i =1
2. cxi = c xi
( )
N
i =1
N
i =1
N
i =1
N
i =1
i =1
i =1
3. ( xi + yi ) = xi + yi
( )
4. ( xi yi ) = xi yi
( )
1) ( )

=
=

= +
1 1 + 2 2 + +
1 + 2 + +
1 1 + 2 2 + +
1 + 2 + +
2) (Median = Med.)
1)
2)
3) (Mode = Mo.)
4) (Mid - range)
5)
(Harmonic Mean = H.M.)
6) (Geometric
Mean = G.M.)
=
. . =
+
2
1
1
1
+
+
+
1 2
. . = 1 2

. = + 2

1
= +

1 + 2
+
2
34

1) ( 4 )
2) ( 10 )
3) ( 100 )
1)
2) Qr = ( N + 1) r
4
3)
=
+ ( x )
1)
1)
2) Dr = ( N + 1) r
10
3)
=
+ ( x )
1)
1)
2) Pr = ( N + 1) r
100
3)
=
+ ( x )
1)
Qr, Dr, Pr

Qr, Dr, Pr

Qr, Dr, Pr
Qr, Dr, Pr

N
2) Qr = r
4
3)

= + 4

N
2) Dr = r
10
3)

= + 10

N
r
2) Pr =
100
3)

100
= +

35
1)
1)
( )
= xmax xmin
( )
=
2)
2)
Q3 Q1
2
Q.D. =
xmax xmin
xmax + xmin
3)
( )
x x
M .D =
Q3 Q1
Q3 + Q1
3)
=
M .D.
x
( )
fx
M .D =
4)
( )
N
( x x)
i
S .D. =
f ( x x)
i =1
S .D. =
S .D. =
x
=

( 2 )
1)
( x x) = x
S =
2
( )
S .D. =
i =1
4)
x
fx
N
fx
S .D.
x
x (x )
2
2)
x +x
=
2
1
N1 + N 2
2
2
x1 + x2
N +N
1
2
36
15 16
z
=
.
1. 0 ( = 0)
2. 0 ( = 0)
3. 1
4. ( 2 = )
5. -3 +3 +3
-3
1)
2) 1 100%

37
17
1) n+1 n
an = a1 + (n 1)d
d , 1 1
2) n+1 n
an = a1r n1
r , 1 1
1) ( )

N
1. c = c+
c
+
c +...
+c = cN
i =1
i =1
N
i =1
2. cxi = c xi
( )
N
i =1
N
i =1
N
i =1
N
i =1
i =1
i =1
3. ( xi + yi ) = xi + yi
( )
4. ( xi yi ) = xi yi
( )
5. i = 1 + 2 + 3 + ... + n =
i =1
n(n + 1)
2
6. i 2 = 12 + 2 2 + 32 + ... + n 2 =
i =1
n(n + 1)(2n + 1)
6
2
n n(n + 1)
7. i = 1 + 2 + 3 + ... + n = i =
i =1
i =1 2
n
2) (Arithmetic Series)
Sn =
n
[2a1 + (n 1)d ]
2
Sn =
n
[a1 + a n ]
2
3) (Geometric Series)
Sn =
a1 (1 r n ) a1 (r n 1)
=
r 1
1 r
38

an = L
1) lim
n
2) an 2
3)
4)

c lim
an = A lim bn = B
n
n
a lim an A
6. lim n = n =
;B 0
n b
bn B
n lim
n
1. lim c = c
n
2. lim can = c lim an = cA

n
3. lim(an + bn ) = lim an + lim bn = A + B

n
4. lim(an bn ) = lim an lim bn = A B
5. lim(an bn ) = lim an lim bn = AB

n
7. lim(an ) = lim an
k
= Ak
8. lim an = lim an = A
n
9. lim an = lim an =

n

= 0
= ...

n
a
an =
b
(a < b)
= 0
(a = b)
= 1

(a > b)
1) (Convergent Series)
2) (Divergent Series)
3) 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + ... = 0
4) S = a r < 1
1 r
39
18

1)
x a x a (x < a)
lim f ( x)
xa
2)
+
x a x a (x > a)
lim+ f ( x)
xa
f ( x)
3)
xa x a lim
x a
4) x a =

c lim
an = A lim bn = B
n
n
1. lim c = c
n
2. lim can = c lim an = cA

n
3. lim(an + bn ) = lim an + lim bn = A + B

n
4. lim(an bn ) = lim an lim bn = A B
5. lim(an bn ) = lim an lim bn = AB

n
a lim an A
6. lim n = n =
;B 0
n b
bn B
n lim
n
7. lim(an ) = lim an
k
= Ak
8. lim an = lim an = A
n
9. lim an = lim an =
n
5) 3

f(x) x = a 3
1. f(a)
f ( x)
2. lim
x a
f ( x)
3. f(a) = lim
x a
40
1) y x x x + h
y y2 y1 f ( x2 ) f ( x1 ) f ( x + h) f ( x)
=
=
=
x x2 x1
x2 x1
h
2) y x x
y
y y
f ( x + h) f ( x )
= lim 2 1 = lim
h 0 x
h 0 x x
h 0
h
2
1
lim

1.
d
C =0
dx
2.
d
x =1
dx
3.
d
d
[Cf ( x)] = C [ f ( x)]
dx
dx
4.
d n
x = n x n 1
dx
5.
d
[ f ( x) + g ( x)] = d [ f ( x)] + d [ g ( x)]
dx
dx
dx
6.
d
[ f ( x) g ( x)] = d [ f ( x)] d [ g ( x)]
dx
dx
dx
7.
d
[ f ( x) g ( x)] = g ( x) d [ f ( x)] + f ( x) d [ g ( x)]
dx
dx
dx
8.
d f ( x)
=
dx g ( x)
g ( x)
d
d
[ f ( x)] f ( x) [ g ( x)]
dx
dx
2
[ g ( x)]
du n
du
9.
= n u n 1
dx
dx

y = f(x) 1 , ,

Implicit Function
Implicit Function
f ( x, y ) = c
41

y = f(x)
dy
= f (x)
dx
y y1 = m( x x1 )
1) (x,y)
=m=
2)
3) (m1 = m2 )
4) -1
(m1 m2 = 1)

1) 2

S = f(t)
ds
f (t + h) f (t )
= f (t ) = lim
h 0
dt
h
dv
t = a = = f (t )
dt
t1 t2 = f (t2 ) f (t1 )
t 2 t1
1) t
2)
3)
=v=
4) t =
5) t =
v
a
6) t1 t2
f (t 2 ) f (t1 )
t 2 t1
7)

1) kdx = kx + c
x n +1
+ c ; n 1
2) x dx =
n +1
3) kf ( x)dx = k f ( x)dx
n
4) [ f ( x) g ( x)]dx = f ( x)dx g ( x)dx
f ( x) dx = F (b) F (a) = F ( x)
42
1) f(x) 0 x [a , b] A x A = f ( x) dx
a
2) f(x) 0 x [a , b] A x
A = f ( x) dx
a
43
19

1)
1
2 L
3
2)
2.1

2.2

x + 3y < 9
x0
y0
3)

(x,y)

(x,y)

44

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DekTalent.com .

5) ad bc = 0 A-1 (Singular matrix)

ad bc 0 A-1 (Non-singular matrix)

det A = a11a22 a21a12

4) A (Singular Matrix) det A = 0

mx2 + nx1 my2 + ny1

2. sin( A B) = sin A cos B cos A sin B

2) sin sin = 2 cos

2 sin A sin B = cos( A B) cos( A + B)

4) cos cos = 2 sin

2) cos 2 A = cos 2 A sin 2 A

sin A sin B sin C

2. lim can = c lim an = cA

3. lim(an + bn ) = lim an + lim bn = A + B

4. lim(an bn ) = lim an lim bn = A B

5. lim(an bn ) = lim an lim bn = AB

2. lim can = c lim an = cA

3. lim(an + bn ) = lim an + lim bn = A + B

4. lim(an bn ) = lim an lim bn = A B

5. lim(an bn ) = lim an lim bn = AB

4) [ f ( x) g ( x)]dx = f ( x)dx g ( x)dx

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