www.clipvidva.

com

PAT1
4

1.
2.
3.

4.
5.
6.

www.clipvidva.com

1.
(Sequence) n
( ) n x
1 a1 n
an
3
- { (1 , a1) , (2 , a2) , (3 , a3) , ... , (n , an) }
- a1 , a2 , a3 , ... , an
-
an = sin(n )

2
- (finite sequence) { 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , ... , n } (
) 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 5 2 , 4 , 8 , 16 , 32 , ... , 2n
n
-
(infinite sequence) N (
) 1 , 4 , 9 , ... , n2 , ...

5
(1) an = n2+1
(3) an = (2n+2)(3n-1)
(5) an+1 = 3an - 2an-1

(2) an = (-1)n+1sin

n
(n 1) n n n 1
a1 = 1 , a2 = 2
(4) an =

1 1 1
(1) 1 , , ,
2 3 4
(3) 1 3 , 3 5 , 5 7 , 7 9
(5) 2 , -8 , 18 , -32

www.clipvidva.com

(2) 5 , 7 , 9 , 11
(4) 4 , 8 , 16 , 32
(6) 3 , 33 , 333 , 3333

1.1 (Arithmetic sequence)

(d : common difference)

an = a1 + (n - 1)d

d = an+1 - an

n+1 n

2 , 5 , 8 , ... 20

www.clipvidva.com

3 20 , 16 12 -96

1) x -1 , x , 7

(2) 11 , a , b , 18.5 a + b

PAT1 ..54 4 2a + 1 , 2b - 1 , 3b - a a + 3b a
b 1000

www.clipvidva.com

ENT40
200 , 182 , 164 , 146 , ...
10

(1) 1 200 4 6

2) 1 200 4 6

3) 100 200 4 6

4) 1 200 4 6

an+3 an = 9 a13 a1

www.clipvidva.com

1
100,000 70,000
1,000,000 5

1.2 (Geometric sequence)

(r : common ratio)

r=

an+1
an

n+1 n

an = a1r n-1

2 , 4 , 8 , ... 8

27 2

1
6
1
,
2
2
6

www.clipvidva.com

(1) x 5 , x , 20

(2)

27
8
,m,n,
m n
8
27

, 5 , 13 29 ,

PAT1 ..53 3 343

57 3

ENT41
x , y , z , w 4 x
y + z = 6 z + w = -12 5

www.clipvidva.com

2 7 6
91 4

PAT1 ..54 a , b , c 2a , 3b , 4c

1 1 1
, ,
a b c

a c
+
c a

ENT44 .. a , b , c 3 27
a , b + 3 , c + 2 3 a + b + c

10
7
5
10
( (0.7) 5 0.17 )

www.clipvidva.com

1.3
1. (harmonic sequence)
an

hn =

1,

1
1
=
an a1 + (n - 1)d

1 1 1
1
1 1 1 1
1
, , , ... , , , , , ... ,
2 3 4
n
3 7 11 15
4n - 1

1,

1
1
1
,
, 100
b - a 2b - 3a 2b

2. (polynomial sequence)
an = aknk + ak-1nk-1 + ak-2nk-2 + ... + a1n +a0 ( k N , ai R 0 i k ) an = n2+3n+1

(1) 2 , 6 , 12 , 20 , 30 , ...
(2) -2 , 1 , 8 , 19 , 34 , ...
(3) 6 , 4 , 10 , -42 , -98 , ...

2 , 4 , 8 , ... 4 16

www.clipvidva.com

500,000 2
5
( (1.02)5 1.104)
(

1) (

2)

10

www.clipvidva.com

3. (recurrence relation)
an = 2an-1 + 3an-2 an+1 = (an)(an-1) + 2n

(Fibonacci sequence)

2 1

PAT1 ..52 an

1
1

1 n
an an1

a1 + a2 + ... + a100 = 250 a2552 2.5

PAT1 ..54 {an} an+1 = n2 an n = 1 , 2 , 3 , ...

a1 a101 = 5100

11

www.clipvidva.com

2.

(Sigma)
n

f(i) = f(m) + f(m + 1) + f(m + 2) + ... + f(n) j , k j k

i=m

i (index of summation) j k

ai = a1 + a2 + a3 + ... + an + ...
i=1
2

(3n) = 3(-3) + 3(-2) + 3(-1) + 3(0) + 3(1) + 3(2)

i=-3

e x

x2 x3
x
e = 1 + x + + + ...
2! 3!

2.1
1.

2.

3.

4.

12

2.2
1.
2.
3.

15
(1) 12 + 32 + 52 + 72 + ...

(2) 1 32 + 2 52 + 3 72 + 4 92 + ...

(3) 1 + 3 + 7 + 13 + 21 + ...

10

(2k 2 3k 1)
k 1

13

www.clipvidva.com

www.clipvidva.com

3.

(Series) 2
- (finite series)
n

Sn =

ai = a1 + a2 + a3 + ... + an
i=1

Sn n (partial sum of the first n terms)

- (infinite series)

S=

ai = a1 + a2 + a3 + ... + an + ...
i=1

an = Sn Sn-1

3.1 (Arithmetic series)

n
Sn = [2a1 + (n-1)d]
2

n
Sn = [a1 + an]
2

20 1 + 4 + 7 + 10 + ...

14

www.clipvidva.com

2 + 7 + 12 + 17 + ... 801

10

4 68 6 78

n 33 n 195
3

10
2 1

15

www.clipvidva.com

3.2 (Geometric series)

a1 (r n - 1) a1 (1 - rn )
Sn =
=
1-r
r-1

Sn =

an r - a1 a1 - an r
=
r-1
1-r

10
(1) 1 + 2 + 4 + 8 + ...

(2) 4 + 2 + 1 +

1
+ ...
2

4 60 4 4
2 6

16

www.clipvidva.com

n 8 + 88 + 888 + 8888 + ...

43 n a3 = 3 3 3
3 an

n 2n2 + 2n 10

43

1 40 + 3 38 + 5 36 + ... + 39 2

17

www.clipvidva.com

30 1 + 3 5 + 7 + 9 11 + 13 + 15 17 + ...

42

n
n (3n 5)
2

PAT1 ..53 {an} an n

an n

{an}
36 56
38 {an}

18

www.clipvidva.com

4.
n
an

1
1 1
1
1 1 , , , ... ,
, ...
n
2 3
1000
n an 0
n
1 2 3
999
bn =
, , , ... ,
, ...
n +1
2 3 4
1000
n bn 1
an =

n an bn
(limit of sequence)
(convergent sequence)
cn = n 1 , 2 , 3 , ... , 1000 , ...
n cn
dn = (-1)n -1 , 1 , -1 , ...
n dn

n cn dn (
) (divergent sequence)
an L
lim an L
n

19

www.clipvidva.com

an

lim an ( an

lim an lim an )
n

4.1

an , bn , cn , tn A , B c
lim an A lim bn B

1. tn = c lim tn lim c c
n

2. lim can c lim an cA

n

3. lim (an bn ) lim an lim bn A B

n

4. lim (an bn ) lim an lim bn AB

n

an A
an nlim

5. lim ( )

n b
lim
b
B
n
n

bn 0 n N B 0

an , bn t , r c

1
0
n n t

1. lim

2. lim r n 0
n

3. an

t>0
r < 1

c
c
lim bn lim an lim 0
n
n
n b
bn
n

4. lim an L f f(L) f(an) f(L)

n

20

www.clipvidva.com

5. (Squeeze Theorem) bn an cn n N lim bn lim cn L

n

lim an L
n

6. an
- lim an 0
n

- lim an 0
n

2
n n2

(1) lim

3
(2) lim cos n
n
5
1
7
(3) lim 2

n
n ( 3) n
2
1

(4) lim 9 log5 2n

n
e
n
( 1)n sin(n)
(5) lim
n
2n

1
(6) lim ( 1) n1
n
n

21

www.clipvidva.com

4.2
1. (rational sequence) 2
p(n)
an =
p(n) q(n)
q(n)

2n
n n2 1

1) lim

n 1
n 6

(2) lim

n 1
n n 1

(3) lim

an

apnp ap1np1 ... a1n a0

bqnq bq1nq1 ... b1n b0

3
1.
2.
3.
22

www.clipvidva.com

3n2 2n
(1) lim 2
n n 5n 6
2n n2
(2) lim
n
n
4n5
(3) lim 2 4 6
n n n n

n n 1
3n 2

(4) lim

n
3

(5) lim

2n2 4
3n 1

n1 7n
(6) lim
n
2ne

(7) lim ln(2n2 ) ln(n2 1)

n

(8) lim 2

n
3 3

8n 2n

(9) lim ( 1)
n

n1

n8 5n5
n 3n2

2.

expo
3
1.
2.
3.
23

2n 1
(1) lim n
n 3 2

1 3n
(2) lim n1 n
n 3
2

23n n 1
(3) lim n1 n
n 5
2

n2 1
(1) lim n
n 5

(1.1)n
(2) lim 10 5
n n n

2n3 8n2 22n1

(3) lim 3
n n 3n n1 4 n

24

www.clipvidva.com

www.clipvidva.com

3.

- d = 0 a1 = a2 = a3 = ... = an = ...
a1 ( lim an lim a1 a1 )
n

- d 0 n
( lim an lim an )
n

4.

- r < 1 lim an 0
n

( 2)
- r = 1 a1 = a2 = a3 = ... = an = ...
a1 ( lim an lim a1 a1 )
n

- r > 1 r= -1 ( r > 1)
( r -1) ( lim an
n

lim an )

(1) lim

3n 2n2 1

4n2

25


(2) lim

n2 4n 2 n2 1

(3) lim n n 1 n 1
n

(4) lim

(5) lim

7n 3 7n 2
3n 1 3n 1

1 2 3 4 5 ... 2n
9n2 15 4n2 6

26

www.clipvidva.com

www.clipvidva.com

2nk

PAT1 ..52 A = lim

A
n 1 8 27 ... n3

PAT1 ..53 {an} an =

2 4 6 ... 2n

n2

n lim an
n

PAT1 ..53 {an} a1 + a2 + a3 + ... + an = n2an

n = 1 , 2 , 3 , ... a1 = 100 lim n2 a n
n

27

www.clipvidva.com

PAT1 ..54 {an} a1 = 1 an + 1 an+1

an+5

1 n
an + 5 n = 1 , 2 , 3 , ... lim (ak 6 k)
n n
k 1

4.3
lnn
0
n n

2. lim n n 1

1. lim

1
n

3. lim x 1

x > 0

xn
5. lim 0
n n!

x R

x n x

4. lim 1 e
n
n

ln(n2 )
(1) lim
n n

(2) lim n 3n
n

n2
(3) lim

n n

100n
(4) lim
n n!

28

x R

www.clipvidva.com

5.

S1 = a1

a1 + a2 + a3 + ... + an + ... Sn n

S2 = a1 + a 2
S3 = a1 + a2 + a3
.
.
.

Sn = a1 + a2 + a3 + .. + an
n S1 , S2 , S3 , ... , Sn , ...
(sequence of partial sums)

lim Sn =

Sn

S S

a1 + a2 + a3 + ... + an + ... (convergent series) S

Sn

( lim Sn )

a1 + a2 + a3 + ... + an + ... (divergent series)

5.1

- a1 = 0 d = 0 ( 0 + 0 + 0 + ...)
lim Sn 0
n

- a1 0 d 0

29

www.clipvidva.com

5.2

- r < 1

lim Sn

a1
1r

- r 1 (
)

1 1 1
2 ...
2 8 32

11 33
3n 2n 2
PAT1 ..53 3 ...
...
4 16
4n1

2 , 2 2 , 2 2 2 , 2 2 2 2 , ...

30

www.clipvidva.com

0.4567

ENT41 S = , F(x) sin2 x sin4 x sin6 x ... , x S a
2 2
S F(a) 1 F(a)

ENT28

3

4

31

www.clipvidva.com

5.3

(1)

1 4 7 10
...
3 9 27 81

1
1
1
1
(2) log2 log8 log32 ... n1 log22n1 ...
2
10
50
25

32

www.clipvidva.com

44

(ln2n )(ln2)n
n1

1
33

1
99

1
27 27

1
81
81

...

k2
PAT1 ..53 {an} an =

(2k

1)(2k

1)
k 1
16
n = 1 , 2 , 3 , ... lim an
n n
n

33

www.clipvidva.com

5.4 telescopic
telescopic 2

(1)

1
1
1
1

...
1 3 3 5 5 7 7 9

(2)

1
1
1
1

...
1 3 5 3 5 7 5 7 9 7 9 11

(3) 1

(4)

1
1
1

...
1 2 1 2 3 1 2 3 4

1 1 1 1
...
6 12 20 30

34

www.clipvidva.com

PAT1 ..53 Sk = 13 + 23 + 33 + ... + k3 k = 1 , 2 , 3 , ...

1
1
1
1
lim

...

n
S
S
S
S
2
3
n
1

1
PAT1 ..52 4 2 A
n 2 n n

9999

PAT1 ..53

(
n1

n2

n2

n n 1)( 4 n 4 n 1)

PAT1 ..53 Sn =

k 1

n = 1 , 2 , 3 , ...
k (k 1) k( k 1)

lim Sn

35

www.clipvidva.com

5.5 (p-series)

1
1 1
1

...

...
np
p
p
p
2
3
n
n1
p R

- p > 1
- p 1

1 1 1
(1) 1 ...
2 3 4

(2) 1

(3) 1

1
1
1

...
2
3
4

1
2 2

1
3 3

1
4 4

...

1000

20

100

1
PAT1 ..53 A = ( 1) , B = k , C = k , D = 2
k 3
k 1
k 1
k 1 2
A + B + C + D

36

www.clipvidva.com

PAT1 ..53 k

k(n5 n) 3n4 2
12
2 n1

lim
15 6 ... 15 ...
n
(n 2) 5
5
5
k

ENT24

n1

1)
sin n

2


n 3
(

1)
5
n1

37

www.clipvidva.com

6.

6.1

an

an

n1

an
n1

lim an 0
n

6.2

1.

an bn
n1

n1

(an bn )
n1

2.

can an
n1

n1

3.

4. an , bn bn an 0 n N
38

4.1

bn

an

n1

an bn
n1

n1

4.2

www.clipvidva.com

n1

.......... (1) an

an
n1

.......... (2)

an
n1

.......... (3) lim an 0

n

1 an
2n
n1

an
n1

.......... (4)

.......... (5) an bn
an + bn
.......... (6) an an + bn
bn
.......... (7) an n an+1 > an n

.......... (8) an n a1 , a2 , a3 , ...

a
.......... (9) n1 r n > 1 r > 1
an

39

an
n1

www.clipvidva.com

52

an 0
an nlim

n1

an 0
an nlim

n1

. lim an 0
n

. lim an 0
n

. lim an 0
n

an
n1

an
n1

an
n1

n2
(1)
n1 n 1

(2)

n2 1
n1

(3)

2n n2
n1

40

www.clipvidva.com

.
2 6, : ,
3, 2550.
. Entrance 4. ...
Entrance Problem Book II for successful students, : Tutor Publisher, 2549.
. .6 2, :
, ...
, . + 6, : ,
...
. New Math Tests book I, Science Center, ...
. 37-48, Science Center, ...
, . 2, :
, 4, 2553.

41