"Polyatomic Ion & Ionic Compound": © Chemistryonline, 2009-2011

Chapter 3
Polyatomic ion & Ionic Compound
ChemistryOnline, 2009-2011
ANNOUNCEMENTS
HW#1: Chapter1: due (09/13/13) HW#13.3 (Electron Config.), due: 09/18/13 HW#2: Chapter 2: due (09/23/13) HW#3: Chapter 3: due (09/23/13)
Exam#1:
09/23/13 (We will have it in different rooms)
IN-CLASS PROBLEM
1. In the Lewis structure for XeOF4, there are: a) b) c) d) e) 6 electrons surrounding the Xe 8 electrons surrounding the Xe 10 electrons surrounding the Xe 12 electrons surrounding the Xe none of the above are correct
O
F Xe F F
storage
IONIC COMPOUNDS
How do you know what charge will be on various ions? For simple binary compounds, group numbers are associated with common charges.
+1
I II
+2
+3
III IV V
+4
VIII VI VII
IONIC COMPOUNDS
How do you know what charge will be on various ions? For simple binary compounds, group numbers are associated with common charges.
-3
I II
-2
-1
VIII III IV V VI VII
IONIC COMPOUNDS
A requirement for any ionic compound is that all of the charges must add up to zero. That is, the total charge on the anions must equal the total charge on the cations. This is called the Principle of Charge Balance. Examples:
Mg2+ S2Na+ Br(Na+)2 S2Mg2+ (Br-)2
(+2) and (-2)the net charge is zero. (+1) and (-1)the net charge is zero. 2(+1) and (-2)the net charge is zero. (+2) and 2(-1) the net charge is zero.
IONIC COMPOUNDS
Ionic compounds form very large extended structures, in which the ions appear in a constant ratio. To write a formula for an ionic compound, we write the simplest whole number ratio of the anions and cations.
Examples: Mg2+ S2Na+ Br(Na+)2 S2Mg2+ (Br-)2 is written asMgS. is written asNaBr. is written asNa2S. is written asMgBr2.
IN-CLASS PROBLEM
Write a formula for the compound made of magnesium and chlorine.
We must have two chlorines to balance the charge on each magnesium. I II
MgCl2
Cl prefers -1
VIII III IV V VI VII
Mg prefers +2
IN-CLASS PROBLEM
Write a formula for the compound made of aluminum and oxygen.
O prefers -2
I II VIII
Al prefers +3
III
IV V
VI VII
IN-CLASS PROBLEM
We must find a ratio of Al3+ and O2- which will result in a net charge of zero.
O prefers -2
I II VIII
Al prefers +3
III
IV V
VI VII
IN-CLASS PROBLEM
We must find a ratio of Al3+ and O2- which will result in a net charge of zero. I II III IV V VI VII 3+ 2-
Al O Al2 O 3
VIII
NOMENCLATURE OF BINARY IONIC COMPOUNDS

A binary ionic compound consists of two elements and the name must include the cation and the anion. The cation is named first and is simply given the name of the element. Add the suffix ide to the root of the anionic element to complete the name; multipliers are not utilized. Examples: MgBr2 Na Cl K2S BeBr2 magnesium bromide sodium chloride potassium sulfide beryllium bromide
IN-CLASS PROBLEM
Provide an acceptable name for the following binary ionic compounds.
a. CaBr2 Calcium bromide b. Al2O3 c. Li2S d. CaO e. NiCl2 Aluminum oxide Lithium sulfide
Calcium oxide Nickel chloride
IN-CLASS PROBLEM
Provide an acceptable formula for the following binary ionic compounds.
Calcium nitride Magnesium oxide Lithium iodide
Ca3N2 MgO LiI Ba3P2 BeF2
Barium phosphide Beryllium fluoride
POLYATOMIC IONS
A polyatomic ion is a group of atoms that are bonded together by covalent bonds (a molecular compound) that has a net ionic charge. These combine with simple ions to give more complex ionic compounds.
IN-CLASS PROBLEM
Name the following compounds. a. b. c. d. e. CaCO3 NH4Cl Na2SO4 Li2SO3 K2HPO4
Calcium carbonate Ammonium chloride Sodium sulfate Lithium Sulfite Potassium hydrogen phosphate
IN-CLASS PROBLEM
Name the following compounds. a. b. c. d. e. Cs2SO4 Cesium sulfate Mg(CN)2 Magnesium cyanide KNO3 Potassium nitrate Ca3(PO3)2 Calcium phosphite NaHSO3 Sodium hydrogen sulfite
IN-CLASS PROBLEM
Write the correct formulas for the compounds formed from the following ions: a. Sodium Na+ and SO42and Sulfate and Chromate b. Barium Ba2+ and CrO422Carbonate c. Aluminum Al3+ and and CO 3
Na2SO4 BaCrO4 Al2(CO3)3 Be(OH)2
Dihydrogen phosphate Mg(H2PO4)2 d. Magnesium Mg2+ and and H2PO 4
and Hydroxide e. Beryllium Be2+ and OH
IN-CLASS PROBLEM
Name the following compounds. a. b. c. d. e. PbO PbO2 Fe2O3 FeO Fe3O4
Lead oxide Lead oxide Iron oxide Iron oxide Iron oxide
Many of the transition metals can assume different charges; this is referred to as their oxidation number.
RULES FOR ASSIGNING OXIDATION NUMBERS

The oxidation number of a pure element is zero, regardless of whether it is molecular or not (i.e. Br2). Group I metals are always +1. Group II metals are always +2. Fluorine is always -1. In compounds with metals, hydrogen is -1, otherwise it is always +1. With a few exceptions, oxygen is always -2. Halogens are -1, except in compounds with oxygen. Sulfur and selenium are -2, except in compounds with oxygen.
IN-CLASS PROBLEM
What is the oxidation number for lead in the following compounds?
O prefers -2
a. PbO
The oxidation number of the lead must be +2. The oxidation number of the lead must be +4.
O still prefers -2
b. PbO2
IN-CLASS PROBLEM
What is the oxidation number for iron in the following compounds?
SO4 is -2
a. FeSO4
The oxidation number of the iron must be +2. The oxidation number of the iron must be +3.
O prefers -2
b. Fe2O3
NOMENCLATURE OF COMPOUNDS WITH VARIABLE OXIDATION NUMBERS

As we have seen, transition metals and some heavier main group elements (i.e., Sb and Pb) can have more than one oxidation number. In naming these compounds, it is necessary to indicate the oxidation number of these metals using Roman numerals.
Examples: PbO2 lead (IV) oxide PbO lead (II) oxide FeCO3iron (II) carbonate FeBr3 iron (III) bromide
CuI copper(I) iodide
The proper chemical name for this compound is: copper(I) iodide
Fe(ClO)3 iron(III) hypochlorite
The proper chemical name for this compound is: iron(III) hypochlorite
NOMENCLATURE OF BINARY MOLECULAR COMPOUNDS

A compound consisting of only two elements is called a binary compound. To name a binary compound, you simply list the elements with the element appearing to the left in the periodic table first. Add the suffix ide to the root of the second element and use multipliers if necessary.
Multipliers one two three four five six seven eight nine ten mono di tri tetra penta hexa hepta octa nona deca

Carbon appears to the left and is first in the name. Mono- is not used for the first element. Chlorine becomes chloride, and there are four of them (tetra).
Give an acceptable name for CCl4. Carbon tetrachloride


When both elements are in the same group, the lower one comes first. Sulfur is therefore first in the name. Oxygen becomes oxide, and there are two of them (di).
Give an acceptable name for SO2. Sulfur dioxide


Nitrogen appears to the left, is first in the name and there are two (di). Oxygen becomes oxide, and there is only one of them (mono).
Give an acceptable name for N2O. Dinitrogen monoxide


Pentaoxide is changed to Nitrogen appears to the left, pentoxide.
is first in the name and there are two (di). Oxygen becomes oxide, and there are five of them (pent).
Give an acceptable name for N2O5. pentoxide

Dinitrogen
IN-CLASS PROBLEM
Name the following compounds. a. b. c. d. e.
I II III IV V VI VII
CO2 H2S SiH4 SO3 NCl3
Carbon dioxide Dihydrogen monosulfide Silicon tetrahydride Sulfur trioxide Nitrogen trichloride
VIII
IN-CLASS PROBLEM
Name the following compounds. a. b. c. d. e.
P4S6 I 2O 7 OF2 CH4 S4N2
Tetraphosphorous hexasulfide Diiodine heptoxide Oxygen difluoride Carbon tetrahydride (methane) Tetrasulfur dinitride
VIII
IN-CLASS PROBLEM
Show formulas for the following compounds. a. b. c. d. e.
Nitrogen triiodide Diphosphorous pentoxide Sulfur trichloride Nitrogen monoxide Hydrogen monochloride
NI3 P2O5 SCl3 NO HCl

VIII

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Chapter 3

Polyatomic ion & Ionic Compound

09/23/13 (We will have it in different rooms)

Mg2+ S2Na+ Br(Na+)2 S2Mg2+ (Br-)2

NOMENCLATURE OF BINARY IONIC COMPOUNDS

Calcium oxide Nickel chloride

Calcium nitride Magnesium oxide Lithium iodide

Ca3N2 MgO LiI Ba3P2 BeF2

Barium phosphide Beryllium fluoride

Na2SO4 BaCrO4 Al2(CO3)3 Be(OH)2

Dihydrogen phosphate Mg(H2PO4)2 d. Magnesium Mg2+ and and H2PO 4

and Hydroxide e. Beryllium Be2+ and OH

RULES FOR ASSIGNING OXIDATION NUMBERS

NOMENCLATURE OF COMPOUNDS WITH VARIABLE OXIDATION NUMBERS

CuI copper(I) iodide

Fe(ClO)3 iron(III) hypochlorite

NOMENCLATURE OF BINARY MOLECULAR COMPOUNDS

NOMENCLATURE OF BINARY MOLECULAR COMPOUNDS

Give an acceptable name for CCl4. Carbon tetrachloride

NOMENCLATURE OF BINARY MOLECULAR COMPOUNDS

Give an acceptable name for SO2. Sulfur dioxide

NOMENCLATURE OF BINARY MOLECULAR COMPOUNDS

Give an acceptable name for N2O. Dinitrogen monoxide

NOMENCLATURE OF BINARY MOLECULAR COMPOUNDS

Give an acceptable name for N2O5. pentoxide

CO2 H2S SiH4 SO3 NCl3

P4S6 I 2O 7 OF2 CH4 S4N2

NI3 P2O5 SCl3 NO HCl

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