TPAM SLIDE 8 SISTEM DISTRIBUSI HARDY CROSS METHOD

Prepared by Yuniati, PhD

HARDY CROSS METHOD

1. Set up grid network to resemble planned flow distribution pattern 2. Calculate water use on each street 3. Add up the flow used in the neighborhood and distribute it out the nodes where known outflow is required 4. Assume internally consistent distribution of flow, at any given node and for the overall water distribution system flow entering node = flow leaving node 5. For the inflow node, split the flow among the pipe leaving that node Inflow = outflow 6. Select initial pipe sizes (assume V=1 m/s for normal flow). With a known/assumed flow and an assumed velocity, use the continuity equation (Q=V.A) to calculate the cross section area of flow (A). Determine actual D.

HARDY CROSS METHOD

7. Determine the convention for flow. Generally, clockwise flows are positive. 8. Calculate the head loss in each pipe using Hazen Williams or Darcy Weisbach equation.

9. Calculate the sum of the headloss around each loop (carrying the appropriate sign throughout the calculation)

HARDY CROSS METHOD

10. Calculate the quantity, head loss/flow ( hL /Q) for each pipe (note the signs cancel out, leaving a positive number) 11. Calculate the sum of the (hL /Q) for each loop. 12. Calculate the correction for each loop

Where n =1 .85

HARDY CROSS METHOD

10. Apply the correction for each pipe in the loop that is not shared with another loop, m= iteration 11. For those pipes that are shared, apply the following correction equation 12. Reiterate until corrections are sufficiently small (10-15% or less of smallest flow in system. 13. Calculate velocities in each pipe and compare to standards to ensure that sufficient velocity (and pressure) are available in each pipe. Adjust pipe sizes to reduce or increase velocities as needed. 14. Repeat all the above steps until a satisfactor y solution is obtained.