DBT202 Non-Ferrous Metal

LEAD

Introduction
Symbol Atomic Weight Melting Point Specific Gravity (@ 20C) Density Pb 207.21 327.4 11.34

Extraction & Production

SOURCE PROCESS Concentration & Roasting Process Fluxes Recycling of Scrap (batteries, sheet, cable, bearing & solder) Coke Blast Furnace Impure lead product PRODUCT Sulphur Constituents Sinter Lead Sulfide Ore

Treatment Process

Impurities: Copper, antimony, tin, arsenic, precious metal, zinc & bismuth PURIFIED LEAD

Properties

Density

Very effective in shielding against X-rays and Gamma radiation High density + low stiffness make lead an excellent material for deadening sound and for isolating equipment and structure from mechanical vibrattion

Corrosion resistance

Highly resistant to atmosphere, water & wide range of chemicals Form a protective film of corrosion product i.e. lead sulfate Any factor that damage / remove the film increase the corrosion rate

cont

Low tensile strength and creep strength

Pure lead will creep under it own weight and must be support

Malleability, Softness & Lubricity

Three related properties that make lead suitable for many application

Malleability ~ caulking agent Softness & lubricity ~ bearing alloy or as a coating on sheet metal where its act as drawing lubricant

Application

Battery grid

the largest single application of lead Consist of a series of grid plates made from either cast or wrought calcium-lead or antimonial lead; which are paste with a mixture of lead oxides and immersed in sulfuric acid. For shot & bullet core Alloyed with 1%As (shot) & up to 2%As (bullet cores) Extruded around elect. power cable & communication to provide long-term protection against moisture and corrosion damage.

Ammunition

Lead sheathing

cont..

Construction application

Building flashing, shower pans, X-ray & gamma-ray shielding, vibration shielding and soundproofing, and chemical process piping & lining Used in electrolitic refining & plating process for metal ( manganese & zinc) Selected because of high resistance to sulfuric acid that is used in those electrolitic solutions. Lead based alloy + (3 15)%Sn Used as a sheet metal coating to acts as a lubricants and facilitates the cold forming of the steel Terne coated steel are used for automobile part i.e. gasoline tanks, caskets & file drawer tracks

Lead anodes

Terne metal