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CONTROL
MATERIAL SELECTION
ALTERATION OF ENVIRONMENT
PROPER DESIGN
CATHODIC PROTECTION
ANODIC PROTECTION
COATINGS & WRAPPING
BY UMAIR AFTAB
Lecture No. 48-52
(1) MATERIAL SELECTION
(selection of proper material for a
particular corrosive service)
1. Chromium
Minimum concentration of Cr in a
stainless steel is 12-14wt.%
Structure : BCC (ferrite forming element)
Sigma phase
formation which is
initially formed at
grain boundaries has
to be avoided
because it will
increase hardness,
decrease ductility
and notch toughness
as well as reduce
corrosion resistance.
2. Nickel
Silicon
Reduce susceptibility of SS to pitting and crevice corrosion as
well as SCC.
Five basic types of stainless steels :
Austenitic - Susceptible to SCC. Can be hardened by only
by cold working. Good toughness and formability, easily to
be welded and high corrosion resistance. Nonmagnetic
except after excess cold working due to martensitic
formation.
Martensitic - Application: when high mechanical strength
and wear resistance combined with some degree of corrosion
resistance are required. Typical application include steam
turbine blades, valves body and seats, bolts and screws,
springs, knives, surgical instruments, and chemical
engineering equipment.
Ferritic - Higher resistance to SCC than austenitic SS. Tend
to be notch sensitive and are susceptible to embrittlement
during welding. Not recommended for service above 3000C
because they will loss their room temperature ductility.
Duplex (austenitic + ferritic) – has enhanced resistance to
SCC with corrosion resistance performance similar to AISI
316 SS. Has higher tensile strengths than the austenitic
type, are slightly less easy to form and have weld ability
similar to the austenitic stainless steel. Can be considered as
combining many of the best features of both the austenitic
and ferritic types. Suffer a loss impact strength if held for
extended periods at high temperatures above 3000C.
Anodic reactions involve oxidation of metal to its ions, e.g. for steel
the following reactions occur.
Fe Fe2+ + 2e
Inorganic coating
Organic coating