Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay CL603: Optimization

Chemical Engineering Quiz 2, Spring 2009

Follow ALL instructions carefully: This is a CLOSED BOOK exam. Calculators are permitted. Make reasonable assumptions and CLEARLY indicate them in your answer book. Where possible, box your nal answers. Start each problem on a new sheet. 1. A thin-walled cylindrical pressure vessel with spherical ends is to be designed to minimize the total volume of the material used in its manufacture. The vessel must contain at least 25 m3 of gas at a pressure, p, of 0.35 MPa. The hoop stress, h , in the cylinder walls must not exceed 200 MPa (h = pr=t). A schematic of the vessel is provided below.

(a) Graphically identify the feasible region on an

r vs. t plot.

[2]

(b) Using the Kuhn-Tucker conditions (i.e rst order conditions), determine the values of radius wall thickness t which minimize the volume of the material subject to the constraints.

r and
[6]

(c) Calculate the sensitivity of the optimal solution to small changes in the right hand sides of the inequality constraints. [2] Soln: 1. Let t  r. We want to minimize Vm = (2rL + 4r2 )t where (p = 0:35 Mpa) and Vtank = (4=3)r3 + r2 L  25m3 . Then

L = 8m, subject to h = pr=t  200 MPa

f (r; t) = (2rL + 4r2 )t

4 pr 200  0 g2 (r; t) = 25 r3 r2 L  0 t 3 g1 ) 0:35r=t  200 ) r  571:4t. g2 ) r  0:928m. The two constraints intersect at 1:624 103 m.

g1 (r; t) =

2. KKT is

 T g(x ) = 0      2t (L + 4r ) p=t 2r (L + 2r ) = 0 +  +  1 2 0 0 2r (L + 2r ) pr =t2 pr 4 2 (25 r3 r2 L) = 0 1 ( 200) = 0 t 3 A B C D

rf (x ) + T rg(x ) = 0

Which results in 4 cases

0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0

g1

g2 1 2
0 0 0 0

A:

1 = 2 = 0 ) 2t(L + 4r) = 0 and 2r(L + 2r) = 0 which implies t = 0 or r = L=4 and r = 0 or L=2 and hence no feasible solution exists.

B:

1 = 0 and hence 2t(L + 4r) = 2 2r(L + 2r) and 2r(L + 2r) = 0 and 25 4r3 =3 r2 L = 0. The last eq. gives r = 0:928m while the second gives r = 0 or r = L=2 and hence no feasible
solution again.

2 = 0 ) 2t(L + 4r) + 1 p=t = 0 and 2r(L + 2r) 1 pr=t2 = 0 and pr=t = 200. Taking ratio of rst two eqs, (t=r)((L + 4r)=(L + 2r)) = (t=r) which gives r = L=3 which is not feasible. D: g1 = 0; g2 = 0. g1 = 0 gives r = 0:928m. g2 = 0 gives t = 1:624 103 m.
C:
2

t(L + 4r) + 1 p=t 2 2r(L + 2r) = 0 r(L + 2r) 1 pr=t2 = 0 = 4:67 1010 > 0 and rst gives
2 2

Second eq gives

1 =

2 (L+2r )t2

2 =

t(L + 4r) + 1 p=t 2r (L + 2r )

= 3 83

103 > 0

and hence we have a global minimum. 3.

rf (x (d)) at d = 0 is = . and hence the sensitivities are calculated already from above. The solution
is more sensitive to changes in the second constraint (volume) rather than the rst (hoop stress).