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Wcdma Basic
Wcdma Basic
Spring 2011
Procedure initiated every time the phone is turned on Subdivided into four steps
Acquisition of slot synchronization Acquisition of frame synchronization Determination of the PrSC Resolution of the PCCPCH TTI ambiguity (TTI = 20ms)
Note 1. To demodulate PCCPCH the UE Needs to determine proper PrSC and proper code offset Note 2. There are 512 codes and 38400 possible offsets size of search space is ~ 20 million possibilities Note 3. Four step process allows for quick pruning of the search space
If the acquired system is the home system end of the procedure If the acquired system in not the home system procedure may be restarted
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Step 1 TS synchronization
Accomplished through the search for P-SCH (Primary Synchronization Channel) P-SCH uses 256 bit long code at the beginning of each time slot Each TS is 0.67ms (15 TS make 10ms frame) All cells (Node Bs) in the network use the same P-SCH code
UE may receive P-SCH from multiple cells It will key on the strongest one
PrSC establishes the cell identity. Once mobile determines the PrSC it can decode the information associated with a given cell
Once PCCPCH is decoded, the mobile has acquired the system and it may register
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Note 1: Mobile should send several preambles before it is heard by the system Note 2: In case of negative AIC response, UE randomizes time and starts again
Note: Setting the access power is balancing between setup success rate and interference
AS = Access Slot
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Paging procedure
Registered terminal is assigned a paging group (144, 72, 36 or 18 groups) Each paging group has a PI assigned on the PICH Terminal monitors the assigned PI, and in the mean time it sleeps If there is a page for any terminal within the paging group associate PI is set Once terminal decodes a set PI, it decodes PCH on the SCCPCH SCCPH is 3 timeslots after PICH
Note: location of the PICH (and SCCPCH) changes from frame to frame randomizes paging location of the mobiles
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Transmit diversity
Used to improve robustness of DL towards fading Main idea: multiple copies of the signal have small probability of simultaneous fading Requires two transmit antennas on the base station Net gain DL transmit power reduced and capacity increases There are three approaches specified in WCDMA
x Site selection transmit diversity (SSTD) x Closed loop transmit diversity Open loop transmit diversity
Closed loop transmit diversity not implemented and it will be removed from the specs SSTD proved difficult to implement will be removed from the specs
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Note: STBC do not increase symbol rate. They use special encoding scheme to provide diversity reception using a single antenna
Power control
Very important in CDMA Minimizes interference increases capacity Power control classification
Open loop no feedback Closed loop close to real time feedback UL open loop DL open loop UL inner loop UL outer loop DL inner loop DL outer loop
PHY channel Open loop Yes Yes X X X X Closed loop Inner Yes Yes X X X X Closed loop outer Yes Yes X X X X No power control X X Yes Yes Yes Yes DPDCH DPCCH PCCPCH SCCPCH (BCH and FACH) AICH PICH
PRACH
CPICH PSCH SSCH
Yes
X X X
X
X X X
X
X X X
X
Yes Yes yes
PICH
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Based on the mobile estimates of what it should transmit Not very accurate nominal accuracy is +/- 9 dB
Estimate of the initial mobile TX power on PRACH or UL DPCCH. UL DPDCH is adjusted depending on transport format
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Outer loop:
Slower loop Manages the target SIR for the mobile on the uplink Executed by RNC
Mobile receives one TPC (Transmit Power Control) command per every time slot
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Each cell issues TPC to the mobile TPC bits from the same Node B are combined one command per Node B TPC commands from different Node Bs or of the downs
In the case of conflicting commands the mobile powers down