ST ( Fe = 56) I.V tr v cu to: 1.

V tr ca Fe trong BTH 2 2 6 2 6 6 2 - Cu hnh: Fe : 1s 2 s 2 p 3s 3 p 3d 4 s Hoc Fe [Ar] 3d64s2 - V tr: stt : 26 chu k 4, nhm VIIIB - Nhm VIIIB, cng chu k vi st cn c cc nguyn t Co, Ni. Ba nguyn t ny c tnh cht ging nhau. 2. Cu to ca st: - Fe l nguyn t d, c th nhng 2 e hoc 3 e phn lp 4s v phn lp 3d to ra ion Fe2+,Fe3+. - Mng tinh th: ph thuc vo nhit - Trong hp cht, st c s oxi ho l +2, +3. Vd: FeO, Fe2O3 II. Tnh cht vt l: - St l kim loi mu trng hi xm, do, dai, d rn, nhit nng chy kh cao( 1540oC) - dn nhit, dn in tt, c tnh nhim t. III. Tnh cht ho hc: Tnh cht ho hc ca st l tnh kh TB - Khi tham gia phn ng ho hc, nguyn t st nhng 2 e phn lp 4s , khi tc dng vi cht oxi ho mnh th st nhng thm 1 e phn lp 3d. to ra cc ion Fe2+, Fe3+. Fe Fe2+ + 2e Fe Fe3+ + 3 e 1. Tc dng vi phi kim: - Vi oxi, phn ng khi un nng.

Fe3O4 ( FeO.Fe2O3) 3Fe + 2O2 - vi S, Cl: p cn ung nng.

t0

2FeCl3 2Fe + 3Cl2

t0

2 FeBr3 2Fe + 3 Br2

t0

2. a) VD: Fe Fe

FeI2 Fe + I2 Tc dng vi axit: Vi cc dung dch axit HCl, H2SO4 long: + 2 HCl FeCl2 + H2 + H2SO4 FeSO4 + H2
t0

FeS Fe + S
t0

b) Vi cc axit HNO3, H2SO4 c: - Vi HNO3 c, ngui;H2SO4 c, ngui: Fe khng phn ng. - Vi H2SO4 c, nng; HNO3 c, nng: vd: 2Fe + 6H2SO4 Fe2(SO4)3 + 3SO2 + 6H2O st (III) sunfat Fe + 6HNO3 Fe(NO3)3 + 3 NO2 + 3H2O - Vi HNO3 long: Fe + 4HNO3 Fe(NO3)3 + NO + 2H2O 3. Tc dng vi dung dch mui: vd: Fe + CuSO4 FeSO4 + Cu kh oxh Fe + 2 Fe(NO3)3 3 Fe(NO3)2 Vd: -Cho Fe d tc dng vi dung dch HNO3 c, nng mui st 2. -Cho Fe t/d AgNO3 d mui st 3. 4. Tc dng vi nc: - Nu cho hi nc i qua st nhit cao, Fe kh nc gii phng H2.

Pt ion: Fe + 2H+ Fe2+ + H2 St kh ion H+ trong dung dch axit thnh H2 t do.

Fe3O4 P: 3 Fe + 4 H2O
5700

5700

+ 4 H2

FeO + H2 Fe + H2O IV . iu ch: trong cng nghip t qung st. Mt s qung st: - Manhetit: Fe3O4
- Hematit : Fe2O3 - Hematit nu: Fe2O3 .nH 2O

- Xeirit : FeCO3. - Pirit : FeS2.

Bi tp 1). Nguyen to X co Z = 26. V tr cua X trong bang HTTH la: A). Chu k 3, nhom IIA. B). Chu k 4, nhom IIB. C). Chu k 4, nhom IIA. D). Chu k 4, nhom VIIIB. 2) Cu hnh electron no sau y l ca ion Fe3+ ? A. [Ar]3d6 B. [Ar]3d5 C. [Ar]3d4 D. [Ar]3d3 3. Cau hnh e nao sau ay viet ung? A. 26Fe: [Ar] 4S13d7 B. 26Fe2+: [Ar] 4S23d4 C. 26Fe2+: [Ar] 3d14S2 D. 26Fe3+: [Ar] 3d5 4.Tnh cht vt l no d-i y khng phi l tnh cht vt l ca Fe? A. Kim loi nng, kh nc B. Mu vng nu, do, d rn C. Dn in v nhit tt D. C tnh nhim t

5.Trong cc phn ng ha hc cho d-i y, phn ng no khng ng ? A. Fe + 2HCl FeCl2 + H2 B. Fe + CuSO4 FeSO4 + Cu C. Fe + Cl2 FeCl2 D. Fe + H2O FeO + H2 6. t nng mt t bt st trong bnh ng kh oxi, sau ngui v cho vo bnh mt l-ng d- dung dch HCl. S ph-ng trnh phn ng ha hc xy ra ti a l: A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5 7.Khi cho Fe tdng vi dung dch H2SO4 thy thu c SO2 v dd A khng c H2SO4 d .Vy dd A l A. FeSO4 B. Fe2(SO4)3 C. FeSO4, Fe2(SO4)3 D. A,B,C u c th ng 8.Cho lung kh H2 d i qua ng nghim cha hn hp Al2O3, CuO, MgO, FeO, Fe3O4 . gi thit cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, hn hp thu c sau phn ng l: A. Mg, Al, Cu, Fe B. Mg, Al2O3, Cu, Fe C. Al2O3, MgO, Cu, Fe D. Al2O3, FeO, MgO, Fe, Cu 9.Nhng thanh Fe vo dung dch CuSO4 quan st thy hin t-ng g? A. Thanh Fe c mu trng v ddch nht mu xanh. B. Thanh Fe c mu v ddch nht mu xanh. C. Thanh Fe c mu trng xm v ddch c mu xanh. D. Thanh Fe c mu v ddch c mu xanh. 10.Trng hp nao sau ay khong phu hp gia ten quang sat va cong thc hp chat sat chnh trong quang A. Hematit nau cha Fe2O3 B. Manhetit cha Fe3O4 C. Xierit cha FeCO3 D. Pirit cha FeS2 11.Ngm mt inh st vo 200 ml dung dch CuSO4 1M, sau mt thi gian thy khi lng inh st tng 0,8 gam. Khi lng ng to ra l: A. 6,9 gam B. 6,4 gam C. 9,6 gam D. 8,4 g 12. ha tan hon ton 1 oxit st bng dd axit sunfuric c nng thu c 2,24lit kh SO 2 ktc v c cn dd thu c 120 mui khan. CTPT ca oxit l: A. FeO B. Fe3O4 C. Fe2O3 D. C A, B, C u ng 12.Cho mg Fe vo dung dch HNO3 ly d ta thu c 8,96 lit(kc) hn hp kh X gm 2 kh NO v NO 2 c dX/O2=1,3125. Khi lng m l: A/ 5,6g B/ 11,2g C/ 0,56g D/ 1,12g 14.Cho NaOH vo dung dch cha 2 mui AlCl3 v FeSO4 c kt ta A. Nung A c cht rn B .Cho H2 d i qua B nung nng c cht rn C gm: A/ Al v Fe B/ Fe C/ Al2O3 v Fe D/ B hoc C ng 15.Kim loi khi tc dng vi dung dch HNO3 c, nng cho th tch kh NO2 ln hn c l A. Ag B. Cu C. Zn. D. Fe 16. Cho 4,2 gam hn hp gm Mg, Fe, Zn tc dng vi dung dch HCl d th c 2,24 lit kh ( ktc). Khi lng mui khan trong dung dch l A. 11,5g B. 11,3g C. 7,85g D. 7,75g 17). Ngam mot la kim loai nang 50 gam trong dung dch HCl, sau khi thoat ra 336 ml kh (ktc) th khoi lng la kim loai giam 1,68%. Nguyen to kim loai a dung la: A). Fe. B). Mg. C). Cu. D). Al. 18). ot nong hon hp A gom 11,2 gam Fe va 3,2 gam S, sau mot thi gian thu c hon hp ran B. Hoa tan B trong dung dch HNO3 ac nong d, en phan ng hoan toan thu c V lt NO2 ktc (san pham kh duy nhat). V la: A). 26,88 lt. B). 22,4 lt. C). Ket qua khac. D). 13,44 lt. 19.Cho p : Fe 2 Ag Fe
2

2 Ag . Pht biu no sau y khng ng?

a. Fe c tnh kh mnh hn Ag b. Fe2+ c tnh oxh yu hn Ag+ c. Ag+ Kh Fe thnh Fe2+ d. Fe kh Ag+ thnh Ag 20. . Nh dn dn ddKMnO4 n d- vo cc ng ddch hn hp FeSO4 v H2SO4. Hin t-ng quan st -c l: A. dd thu -c c mu tm. B. dd thu -c khng mu. C. Xut hin kt ta mu tm. D. Xut hin kt ta mu xanh nht

I.Hp cht st (II): gm mui, hidroxit, oxit ca Fe2+. Vd: FeO, Fe(OH)2, FeCl2 1. Tnh cht ho hc chung ca hp cht st (II): - Hp cht st (II) tdng vi cht oxh s b oxh thnh hp cht st (III). Trong p ion Fe2+ c kh nng cho 1 electron. Fe2+ Fe3+ + 1e Tnh cht ho hc chung ca hp cht st (II) l tnh kh ( p vi cht oxh) Vd 1 Trong khng kh ( c O2, H2O) Fe(OH)2 b oxi ho thnh Fe(OH)3. 4Fe(OH)2 + O2 + 2H2O 4 Fe (OH)3 kh oxh Vd 2: Sc kh clo vo dung dch mui FeCl2: 2 FeCl2 + Cl2 2 FeCl3 Vd 3: Cho FeO vo dung dch HNO3 long: 3FeO + 10 HNO3 3 Fe(NO3)3 + NO + 5H2O Vd 4: Cho t t dung dch FeSO4 vo dung dch hn hp ( KMnO4 + H2SO4) FeSO4 + KMnO4 + H2SO4

MT S HP CHT CA ST

Fe + H2O ( Fe2+ l cht oxh) Vd 5: FeO + H2 * Oxit v hidroxit st c tnh baz: 2. iu ch mt s hp cht st (II): a) Fe(OH)2 : cht rn mu trng hi xanh iu ch: Dng phn ng trao i ion gia dung dch mui st (II) vi dung dch baz. Vd FeCl2 + 2 NaOH Fe(OH)2 + 2 NaCl Fe2+ + 2 OH- Fe(OH)2 b) FeO : cht rn mu en, khng c trong t nhin.
t0

Phn hu Fe(OH)2 t0 cao trong m trng khng c khng kh .

t 0 cao

FeO + H2O Fe(OH)2

t 0 cao

2 FeO + CO2 - Hoc kh oxit st nhit cao: Fe2O3 + CO c) Mui st (II): Cho Fe hoc FeO, Fe(OH)2 tc dng vi cc dung dch HCl, H2SO4 long. II.Hp cht st (III): 1.Tnh cht ho hc ca hp cht st (III): Khi tc dng vi cht kh, hp cht st (III) b kh thnh hp cht st (II) hoc kim loi st t do. Fe3+ + 1e Fe2+ Fe3+ + 3e Fe tnh cht chung ca hp cht st (III) l tnh oxi ho. Al2O3 + 2 Fe Vd 1: Nung hn hp gm Al v Fe2O3 nhit cao: Fe2O3 + 2Al Vd 2: Ngm mt inh st sch trong ddch mui st (III) clorua. 2 FeCl3 + Fe 3 FeCl2 Vd 3:- Cho Cu tc dng vi dung dch FeCl3. Cu + 2 FeCl3 CuCl2 + 2 FeCl2 - Sc kh H2S vo dung dch FeCl3 c hin tng vn c: 2 FeCl3 + H2S 2 FeCl2 + 2 HCl + S 2. iu ch mt s hp cht st (III): a. Fe(OH)3: Cht rn, mu nu . - iu ch: p trao i ion gia dung dch mui st (III) vi dung dch kim. Vd : Fe(NO3)3 +3NaOH Fe(OH)3+3NaNO3 Pt ion: Fe3+ + 3 OH- Fe(OH)3 b. St (III) oxit: Fe2O3 : l cht rn mu nu
t 0 cao

Fe2O3 + 3 H2O - iu ch: phn hu Fe(OH)3 nhit cao: 2 Fe(OH)3 c. Mui st (III): dd c mu vng( do mu ca ion Fe3+) - iu ch: Cho Fe tdng vi cc axit H2SO4 nng; HNO3 hoc Fe2O3, Fe(OH)3 tdng vi cc ddch HCl, H2SO4 long.
t 0 cao

Bi tp:
1.Vit cc ptp theo dy chuyn ho sau: 1 2 3 FeCl3 Fe(NO3)3 a. Fe FeCl2 5 FeCl3 Fe(OH)3 1 2 3 4 5 FeCl2 Fe(OH)3 Fe Fe(OH)2 Fe2O3 b. Fe 9 Cu(NO3)2 FeCl3 Fe(NO3)3 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Fe2O3 FeCl3 Fe(OH )3 Fe2O3 FeO FeSO4 Fe c. FeS 2 2.Tm phan ng hoa hoc chng minh hp chat Fe(II) co tnh kh. A. FeCl2 + 2 NaOH Fe(OH)2 + 2 NaCl C. Fe(OH)2 + 2 HCl FeCl2 + 2 H2O. to Fe + CO2. B. 3 FeO + 10 HNO3 3 Fe(NO3)3 + 5 H2O + NO D. FeO + CO 3. Tnh cht ha hc chung ca hp cht st II l: a. Tnh kh b. Tnh oxi ha c. Va c tnh kh , va c tnh oxh d. khng kh, khng oxh 4. chuyn FeCl3 thnh FeCl2 ngi ta cho ddFeCl3 t/d vi kim loi no sau y? a. Fe b. Cu c. Al d. C a, b u ng. 5. Phn ng no sau y to ra sn phm FeSO4?

a. Fe Fe2 ( SO4 )3 b. Fe + CuSO4. c. Fe + H 2 SO4 ,n d. C a, b u ng. 6.Hp cht no sau y va th hin tnh kh , va th hin tnh oxh? a. FeO b. Fe2O3. c. FeCl3. d. Fe(NO3)3. 7.Hn hp A gm 3 kim loi dng bt: Fe , Ag , Cu. tch Ag ra khi hn hp m lng Ag thu c khng thay i so vi ban u, ngi ta phi ngm A trong dd no sau y? a. CuCl2. b. AgNO3 c. Fe2(SO4)3. d. HCl 8.Cho dd NaOH d vo dd cha hhp FeCl2 , AlCl3 thu c kt ta A. Lc A trong khng kh thu c kt ta B. Nung B nhit cao thu c cht rn C. Kh C bng CO thu c kim loi D. A , B , C , D ln lt l: Cht A Cht B Cht C Cht D a. Fe(OH)2. Fe(OH)3. Fe2O3. Fe b. Fe(OH)3. Fe(OH)2. FeO Fe c. Al(OH)3. Fe(OH)3. Fe2O3. Fe d. Fe(OH)2. Al(OH)3. Al2O3 Al 9. Ha tan hton hhp gm 0,1 mol Fe2O3 v 0,2 mol FeO vo dd HCl d thu c dd A. Cho ddNaOH d vo A thu c kt ta B. Nung B ngoi khng kh n khi lng khng i thu c m gam cht rn, gi tr m l: A. 16g B. 48g C. 32g D. 52g 10. Hn hp kim loi no sau y tt c u tham gia phn ng trc tip vi mui st (III) trong dung dch ? A. Na, Al, Zn B. Fe, Mg, Cu C. Ba, Mg, Ni D. K, Ca, Al 11. . t nng mt t bt st trong bnh ng kh oxi, sau ngui v cho vo bnh mt l-ng d- dung dch HCl. S ph-ng trnh phn ng ha hc xy ra l: A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5 12. . Ngm mt inh st vo 200 ml dung dch CuSO4 1M, sau mt thi gian thy khi lng inh st tng 0,8 gam. Khi lng ng to ra l: A. 6,9 gam B. 6,4 gam C. 9,6 gam D. 8,4 g 13. Cho s phn ng sau:

(A); 1.Fe + O2
t 0 cao

3.(B) + NaOH (D) + (G);

5.(D) + ? + ?
t
0

(E);

(F) + ? ; 2.(A) + HCl (B) + (C) + H2O; 4.(C) + NaOH (E) + (G); 6.(E) Th t cc cht (A), (D), (F) ln lt l: A. Fe2O3, Fe(OH)3, Fe2O3 B. Fe3O4, Fe(OH)3, Fe2O3. C. Fe3O4, Fe(OH)2, Fe2O3 D. Fe2O3, Fe(OH)2, Fe2O3 14. Cho bt Fe vo dung dch HNO3 long ,phn ng kt thc thy c bt Fe cn d.Dung dch thu c sau phn ng l: A/ Fe(NO3)3 B/ Fe(NO3)3, HNO3 C/ Fe(NO3)2 D/ Fe(NO3)2 ,Fe(NO3)3 15. Ho tan ht m gam kim loi M bng ddH2SO4 long , ri c cn dd sau p thu c 5m g mui khan .Kim loi ny l: A/ Al B/ Mg C/ Zn D/ Fe 16. Thi mt lung kh CO2 d qua hn hp Fe2O3 v CuO nung nng n phn ng hon ton thu c 3,04 g cht rn. Kh thot ra sc vo bnh nc vi trong d thy c5g kt ta. Khi lng hn hp ban u l (g) A. 3,48. B. 3,84. C. 3,82. D. 3,28. 17. iu ch Fe(NO3)2 ta c th dng phn ng no sau y? A. Fe + HNO3 B. Dung dch Fe(NO3)3 + Fe C. FeO + HNO3 D. FeS + HNO3 18. Cho st tc dng vi dung dch H2SO4 long thu c V lt kh H2 (ktc), dung dch thu c cho bay hi c tinh th FeSO4.7H2O c khi lng l 55,6 g. Th tch kh H2 (ktc) c gii phng khi lng Fe p l A. 8,19 lt, 5.6g B. 7,33 lt , 1,12g . C. 4,48 lt, 11,2g. D. 6,23 lt, 0,56g. 19. Ha tan 2,16 gam FeO trong l-ng d- dung dch HNO3 long thu -c V lt (ktc) khi NO duy nht. V bng: A. 0,224 lt B. 0,336 lt C. 0,448 lt D. 2,240 lt 20. Thm dd NaOH d- vo dd cha 0,015 mol FeCl2 trong khng kh. Khi cc p xy ra hon ton th khi l-ng thu -c l A. 1,095 gam B. 1,350 gam C. 1,605 gam D. 13,05 gam 21. Hoa tan 10 g hh gom bot Fe va FeO bang mot lng dd HCl va u thu c 1,12 lt H 2(ktc) va dd A. Cho dd A tac dung vi dd NaOH d thu c ket tua B, nung B trong khong kh en khoi lng khong oi th c m g ran . Tnh m . A. 8g B. 16g C. 10g D. 12g 22. Mot loai oxit sat dung e luyen gang. Neu kh a gam oxit sat nay bang CO nhiet o cao ngi ta thu c 0,84g Fe va 0,448 lt kh CO2 (ktc). Cong thc hoa hoc cua oxit sat tren la: A. Fe2O3 B. FeO C. Fe3O4 D. Khong xac nh c 23. Hoa tan 2,4 g mot oxit sat can va u 90ml dung dch HCl 1M. Cong thc cua oxit sat noi tren la : A. Fe2O3 B. FeO C.Fe3O4 D. Khong xac nh c

24. ). ot mot kim loai trong bnh cha kh clo thu c 32,5 gam muoi, ong thi the tch clo trong bnh giam 6,72 lt (ktc). Kim loai b ot la: A). Mg. B). Fe. C). Al. D). Cu. 25.Ha tan mt oxit st vo dd axit sunfuric long d, thu c dd A. A lm mt mu dd thuc tm v ha tan c bt Cu. Oxit st em dng l: A. Fe2O3 B. FeO C.Fe3O4 D. Khong xac nh c 26. Ha tan Fe vo dd HNO3long thu c dd A ch cha 1 mui duy nht. Cng thc ha hc ca mui ny l: A. Fe(NO3)2. B. Fe(NO3)3. C. FeNO3 D. C A , B u ng