IA| |K| |KAI IK|EN KK&|N, IA| ll, B & l&

NGHIN CU KH# N&NG H(P PH* V TRAO -.I ION C1A X2 D3A V
V5 TR(U BI6N TNH
L Thanh H8ng
(1)
, Ph9m Thnh Qun
(1)
, L Minh Tm
(1)
, Nguy;n Xun Th?m
(2)

(1)Tr!ng $%i H(c Bch Khoa, $HQG-HCM
(2)Vi*n Cng Ngh* Ha H(c TpHCM
1. GI@I THIAU
Cng v-i s/ gia t0ng cc ho%t 23ng cng nghi*p l vi*c s4n sinh cc ch6t th4i nguy h%i, tc
23ng tiu c/c tr/c ti8p 28n s9c kh:e con ng!i v h* sinh thi. Cc ho%t 23ng khai thc m:, cng
nghi*p thu3c da, cng nghi*p 2i*n t;, m% 2i*n, l(c ha d<u hay cng ngh* d*t nhu3m 2 t%o ra
cc ngu=n nhi>m chnh ch9a cc kim lo%i n@ng 23c h%i nh Cu, Pb, Ni, Cd, As, Hg[1,4].
NhAng kim lo%i ny c lin quan tr/c ti8p 28n cc bi8n 2Ci gen, ung th cEng nh 4nh hGng
nghim tr(ng 28n mi tr!ng [1,2]. $Hi v-i nhAng n-c 2ang pht triIn nh Vi*t Nam, qui m
cng nghi*p chJ y8u G m9c vKa v nh:, vi*c x; l n-c th4i g@p nhiLu kh kh0n do chi ph x; l
cao, kh4 n0ng 2<u t th6p [3,4]. Cc phM phNm nng nghi*p do 2 2Oc nghin c9u nhiLu 2I s;
dMng trong vi*c x; l n-c v chng c cc u 2iIm l gi thnh rP, l vQt li*u c thI ti t%o 2Oc
v thnh ph<n chnh cJa chng ch9a cc polymer d> bi8n tnh v c tnh ch6t h6p phM ho@c/v
trao 2Ci ion cao [1,2,3].
Cc vQt li*u lignocelluloses nh mn ca, x" dKa, tr6u, v: cc lo%i 2Qu, b ma2 2Oc
nghin c9u cho th6y c kh4 n0ng tch cc kim lo%i n@ng ha tan trong n-c nh! vo c6u trc
nhiLu lR xHp v thnh ph<n g=m cc polymer nh cellulose, hemicelluloses, pectin, lignin v
protein. Cc polymer ny c thI h6p phM nhiLu lo%i ch6t tan 2@c bi*t l cc ion kim lo%i ha trS
hai. Cc hOp ch6t polyphenol nh tannin, lignin trong gR 2Oc cho l nhAng thnh ph<n ho%t
23ng c thI h6p phM cc kim lo%i n@ng. Reddad (2002) [8]cho rUng cc vS tr anionic phenolic
trong lignin c i l/c m%nh 2Hi v-i cc kim lo%i n@ng. Mykola (1999) [9] cEng ch9ng t: rUng cc
nhm acid galacturonic trong peptin l nhAng vS tr lin k8t m%nh v-i cc cation.
Cc nhm hydroxyl trn cellulose cEng 2ng m3t vai tr quan tr(ng trong kh4 n0ng trao 2Ci
ion cJa cc lignocelluloses. B4n thn cc nhm ny c kh4 n0ng trao 2Ci y8u v lin k8t OH G 2y
phn c/c cha 2J m%nh. NhiLu bi*n php bi8n tnh 2 2Oc cng bH nh oxy ha cc nhm
hydroxyl thnh cc nhm ch9c acid ho@c sulfo ha bUng acid sulfuric.
G<n 2y nh6t l ph"ng php ester ha cellulose bUng acid citric. James D. Mc Sweeny
(2006) 2 dng acid citric ho%t ha gR Aspen [5], Wayne E. Marshall (2006) dng acid citric ho%t
ha v: 2Qu nnh 2Lu nhQn th6y m3t s/ gia t0ng 2ng kI kh4 n0ng tch lo%i cc ion kim lo%i tan
trong n-c [6]. Qu trnh ho%t ha bao g=m cc b-c ngm vQt li*u trong dung dSch acid citric
bo ha sau 2 s6y kh, cc phn t; acid citric khi 2 sP th6m su vo cc mao qu4n cJa vQt li*u.
Ti8p theo nung G nhi*t 23 kho4ng 120
o
C trong 8 gi! [7]. Acid citric 2<u tin sP chuyIn thnh
d%ng anhydric, ti8p theo l ph4n 9ng ester ha x4y ra giAa anhydric acid v cc nhm hydroxyl
cJa cellulose. T%i vS tr ph4n 9ng nh vQy 2 xu6t hi*n hai nhm ch9c acid (tK acid citric) c kh4
n0ng trao 2Ci ion. N8u t0ng nhi*t 23 ho@c ko di th!i gian ph4n 9ng, qu trnh ester ha c thI
ti8p tMc x4y ra 2Hi v-i cc nhm acid cn l%i cJa acid citric lm gi4m kh4 n0ng trao 2Ci ion (Hnh
1) [5].
t|ttt & Itt|1|1) trt|1Ntl, f1| ll, N1.& l&


Hnh 1. Ester ha cellulose bUng acid citric
So v-i cc bi*n php bi8n tnh cellulose tr-c 2, ph"ng php s; dMng acid citric c nhiLu
u 2iIm nh 2iIu ki*n ph4n 9ng 2"n gi4n, tc nhn acid khng 23c h%i, gi thnh khng cao.
Ph"ng php ny 2Oc nhiLu tc gi4 khc 9ng dMng r6t hi*u qu4 cho cc phM phNm nng nghi*p
l cc lo%i vQt li*u xHp d> dng cho acid citric ng6m vo bn trong. Tuy nhin 2Hi v-i m3t sH gR
c9ng, bi*n php ny cho hi*u qu4 khng cao.
V-i mMc tiu tm ki8m m3t lo%i phM phNm nng nghi*p c kh4 n0ng x; l hi*u qu4 cc cation
cEng nh anion, trong nhAng nghin c9u ban 2<u ny chng ti ch(n hai s4n phNm phM trong
nng nghi*p phC bi8n G 2=ng bUng song CAu Long l x" dKa v v: tr6u 2I kh4o st kh4 n0ng tch
ion kim lo%i ra kh:i n-c cJa chng. Qu trnh bi8n tnh bUng acid citric cEng 2Oc p dMng 2I
xem xt hi*u qu4 cJa n trn hai vQt li*u trn.
2. THBC NGHIAM
2.1. Nguyn vCt liDu v ph8?ng php
2.1.1. Nguyn vt li$u ha ch&t nghin c(u
Ha ch6t dng trong th nghi*m l NiCl
2
.6H
2
O, CdCl
2
.H
2
O, Zeolit A, Dimethylglyoxim v
Dithizon d%ng PA cJa Merck; nh/a cationit cJa MV. Cc dung mi CHCl3, CCl4, acid citric cJa
Shanou Xilong (Trung QuHc) v n-c c6t m3t l<n. Cc ha ch6t 2Oc pha trong cc dung mi
thch hOp 2I t%o cc dung dSch c n=ng 23 xc 2Snh v khng qua x; l g thm. X" dKa B8n Tre,
tr6u TiLn Giang 2Oc s; dMng trong nghin c9u ny.
2.1.2. Qu trnh ho+t ha
X" dKa v v: tr6u 2Oc r;a s%ch bUng n-c thJy cMc 2I x; l t%p c" h(c. 200 g vQt li*u kh
2Oc ngm vo 2,5 lt dung dSch acid citric bo ha trong 48 gi!. Sau 2, x" dKa v tr6u 2Oc l6y
ra kh:i dung dSch acid citric, 2I kh t/ nhin G 2iLu ki*n phng th nghi*m. Cc vQt li*u ny 2Oc
s6y G 60oC trong 5 gi!, v ho%t ha G 120oC trong 8 gi!. VQt li*u sau khi ho%t ha 2Oc ngm
r;a bUng 5 lt n-c c6t trong 4 gi!, l@p l%i qu trnh ny 3 l<n nhUm r;a h8t acid citric d. Sau 2
s6y l%i G 60oC trong 6 gi!, b4o qu4n trong cc bao plastic.
$Hi v-i nhm khng ho%t ha, 200 gam vQt li*u 2Oc ngm v-i 5 lt n-c c6t trong 4 gi!, l@p
l%i qu trnh ny 3 l<n t"ng t/ 2Hi v-i nhm vQt li*u c ho%t ha 2I lo%i cc t%p ch6t c trong x"
dKa v tr6u.
2.1.3. Thi,t b- nghin c(u
Ph4n 9ng 2Oc th/c hi*n trong thi8t bS Jatest g=m 6 h* thHng khu6y ho%t 23ng cng ch8 23.
N=ng 23 cation 2Oc xc 2Snh bUng ph"ng php so mu trn my Genesis 20 (Anh QuHc). $3
dXn 2i*n ring v pH cc dung dSch 2Oc 2o bUng my 2o 23 dXn WTW LF330 v my 2o pH
Cyberscan 510 (Anh QuHc). $Hi v-i mXu ch9a 2=ng th!i Ni
2+
v Cd
2+
, n=ng 23 cJa chng 2Oc
xc 2Snh bUng ph"ng php AAS trn my Perkin Elmer 3300.
2.2.M tE th nghiDm
IA| |K| |KAI IK|EN KK&|N, IA| ll, B & l&

Cn chnh xc 2 g vQt li*u bUng cn phn tch cho vo bercher 250ml. Thm 200ml dung dSch
ch9a kim lo%i c n=ng 23 xc 2Snh, 2o nhanh 23 dXn 2i*n ring v pH ban 2<u cJa h*. Th/c hi*n
ph4n 9ng trong 60 pht, cH 2Snh ch8 23 khu6y bUng my Jatest cho t6t c4 cc th nghi*m. L(c
nhanh, 2o 23 dXn v pH sau ph4n 9ng. Dung dSch qua l(c 2Oc pha long 28n n=ng 23 thch hOp
2I xc 2Snh n=ng 23 Ni
2+
($o 23 h6p thu cJa mXu G b-c sng 375nm, 2!ng chuNn C(ppm) =
1,7804A 0,01039; R2 = 0,9993) v xc 2Snh n=ng 23 Cd
2+
(b-c sng 520nm, 2!ng chuNn
C(ppm) = 1,321A 0,0312; R2 = 0,9913). TK 2 tnh dung lOng x; l (lOng cation x; l trn 1
g vQt li*u, mg/g) v hi*u su6t tch lo%i cation (%) cJa x" dKa v tr6u. So snh v-i cc vQt li*u
t"ng 9ng khng ho%t ha v cc lo%i trao 2Ci ion thng dMng l nh/a cationit v zeolit A. MRi th
nghi*m 2Oc l@p l%i 2 l<n, k8t qu4 2Oc 2nh gi trn gi trS trung bnh.
3. K6T QU# V TH#O LUGN
3.1.KhEo st sH thay IJi pH, IM dNn cOa dung dQch Ni
2+
v Cd
2+

Nh 2 nu trong ph<n gi-i thi*u, kh4 n0ng tch lo%i ion kim lo%i ra kh:i dung dSch n-c l
do s/ h6p phM ho@c/v s/ trao 2Ci ion cJa cc polymer c trong thnh ph<n cJa phM phNm nng
nghi*p. N8u s/ trao 2Ci ion c x4y ra, hai ion H
+
sP thay th8 cho m3t ion kim lo%i ha trS hai, k8t
qu4 sP lm gi4m pH 2=ng th!i t0ng 23 dXn 2i*n ring Y (ZS/cm) cJa dung dSch. Kh4o st s/ thay
2Ci pH v 23 dXn 2i*n cJa hai dung dSch Ni
2+
v Cd
2+
khi ngm trong tr6u v x" dKa c v khng
c ho%t ha bUng acid citric (B4ng 1, 2, 3, 4) 2Lu nhQn th6y pH dung dSch gi4m 2=ng th!i 23 dXn
2i*n ri*ng t0ng. M9c 23 thay 2Ci pH v Y trn cc dung dSch ngm trong vQt li*u c h(at ha bUng
acid citric l-n h"n so v-i dung dSch ngm trong vQt li*u khng ho%t ha. Nh vQy khi cha ho%t
ha 2 c s/ trao 2Ci ion x4y ra v qu trnh ny 2Oc t0ng c!ng 2Hi v-i vQt li*u 2 ho%t ha.
BEng 1. pH dung dSch Nickel tr-c v sau x; l

NhHa
cationit
Zeolit A
X? dSa
ho9t ha
X? dSa
khng
ho9t ha
TrTu
ho9t ha
TrTu
Khng
ho9t ha
[Ni
2+
],
ppm
pH
0
pH
1
pH
0
pH
1
pH
0
pH
1
pH
0
pH
1
pH
0
pH
1
pH
0
pH
1

100 4,52 3,34 6,55 5,41 6,25 5,25 5,32 4,69 5,20 4,40 5,69 5,00
50 4,64 4,00 6,75 5,85 6,35 5,21 5,89 5,23 5,41 4,75 5,88 5,25
10 4,75 4,58 6,93 6,08 6,53 5,66 6,03 5,46 5,53 4,90 5,97 5,52
5 4,86 4,78 7,17 6,36 7,01 6,42 6,55 5,94 5,65 5,41 6,35 6,01
1 5,01 4,91 7,15 6,55 7,05 6,82 6,67 6,03 5,70 5,48 6,37 6,01
BEng 2. $3 dXn dung dSch Nickel tr-c v sau x; l
NhHa
cationit
Zeolit A
X? dSa
ho9t ha
[Ni
2+
] ppm Y
0,
ZS/cm
Y
1,
ZS/cm

Y
0,
ZS/cm
Y
1,
ZS/cm

Y
0,
ZS/cm
Y
1,
ZS/cm

100 92,30 149,82 102,51 168,30 107,10 175,78
50 50,65 79,72 60,12 95,34 50,45 76,81
10 19,54 29,83 34,56 51,43 21,90 32,58
5 18,01 27,02 15,21 22,48 17,65 25,44
1 16,32 24,14 10,12 12,93 12,17 17,50
X? dSa khng
ho9t ha
TrTu
ho9t ha
TrTu Khng
ho9t ha
[Ni
2+
] ppm Y
0,
ZS/cm
Y
1,
ZS/cm

Y
0,
ZS/cm
Y
1,
ZS/cm

Y
0,
ZS/cm
Y
1,
ZS/cm

100 85,55 133,86 82,51 131,25 78,14 114,73
50 38,14 57,10 40,12 61,32 36,55 51,83
10 25,55 35,51 14,56 21,64 12,11 16,13
t|ttt & Itt|1|1) trt|1Ntl, f1| ll, N1.& l&

5 20,14 27,11 10,21 14,32 8,96 11,52
1 19,52 25,22 10,12 12,95 7,56 9,34
BEng 3. pH dung dSch Cadmium tr-c v sau x; l
NhHa
cationit
Zeolit A
X? dSa
ho9t ha
X? dSa
khng
ho9t ha
TrTu
ho9t ha
TrTu
Khng
ho9t ha
[Cd
2+
]
ppm
pH
0
pH
1
pH
0
pH
1
pH
0
pH
1
pH
0
pH
1
pH
0
pH
1
pH
0
pH
1

100 5,54 3,94 5,87 4,31 4,26 3,12 5,02 3,70 4,40 3,28 5,40 4,14
50 5,61 4,66 6,25 5,23 4,52 3,78 5,33 4,54 4,99 4,30 5,49 4,22
10 5,71 5,29 6,75 5,76 4,70 3,96 5,67 4,84 5,15 4,96 5,64 5,48
5 5,75 5,47 6,89 6,40 4,86 4,21 6,11 5,29 5,32 5,16 5,82 5,69
1 6,85 6,66 7,33 7,10 5,01 4,82 6,25 6,11 5,96 5,79 5,96 5,79
BEng 4. $3 dXn dung dSch Cadmium tr-c v sau x; l
NhHa
cationit
Zeolit A
X? dSa
ho9t ha
[Cd
2+
] ppm
Y
0, ZS/cm
Y
1, ZS/cm
Y
0, ZS/cm
Y
1, ZS/cm
Y
0, ZS/cm
Y
1, ZS/cm
100 50,6 72,57 46,5 62,11 75,91 114,05
50 30,5 39,67 30,25 40,32 50,29 72,72
10 13,5 16,79 10,01 13,22 22,4 31,28
5 12,95 15,61 9,87 12,50 18,52 24,77
1 10,87 12,92 8,96 11,28 14,68 19,05
X? dSa khng
ho9t ha
TrTu
ho9t ha
TrTu Khng
ho9t ha
[Cd
2+
] ppm
Y0, ZS/cm Y1, ZS/cm Y0, ZS/cm Y1, ZS/cm Y0, ZS/cm Y1, ZS/cm
100 52,17 65,29 59,35 80,87 49,39 63,59
50 35,36 42,54 45,35 61,46 31,35 40,30
10 18,97 22,39 24,83 32,56 14,83 18,95
5 11,32 12,68 20,55 26,16 10,55 13,36
1 9,12 10,07 18,21 22,60 9,21 10,44
N=ng 23 dung dSch ban 2<u cEng 4nh hGng r6t nhiLu 28n s/ thay 2Ci trn. N=ng 23 dung
dSch cng cao th 23 t0ng 23 dXn 2i*n ring v 23 gi4m 23 pH cng l-n.
3.2.KhEo st khE nVng hTp phW hoXc/v trao IJi ion Ni
2+
, Cd
2+

Kh4 n0ng x; l ion kim lo%i cJa x" dKa v tr6u 2Oc kh4o st trn hai dung dSch m ph:ng l
dung dSch Ni
2+
v Cd
2+
G cc n=ng 23 khc nhau. K8t qu4 2Oc so snh v-i cc lo%i nh/a trao 2Ci
ion thng dMng v zeolite A.

BEng 5. Hi*u su6t (%) x; l Ni
2+
BEng 6. Dung lOng (mg/g) x; l Ni
2+

C, ppm 100 50 10
Cationit 89,21 79,84 65,62
Zeolit A 91,23 86,23 71,51
X" dKa 63,51 58,42 45,96
X" dKa* 90,22 83,24 49,73
Tr6u 45,21 39,40 32,17
C, ppm 100 50 10
Cationit 49,60 22,46 3,78
Zeolit A 55,65 25,55 3,93
X" dKa 31,75 14,60 2,29
X" dKa* 54,11 25,81 2,48
Tr6u 22,60 9,86 1,60
IA| |K| |KAI IK|EN KK&|N, IA| ll, B & l&

Tr6u* 78,41 59,63 32,59 Tr6u* 39,21 14,90 1,63
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0 20 40 60 80 100
[Ni
2+]
, ppm
HiDu suTt
(%)
Cationit
Zeolit A
X d!a
X d!a*
Tr$u
Tr$u*

Hnh 2. Hi*u su6t x; l Nickel
0
10
20
30
40
50
0 20 40 60 80 100 [Ni
2+
], ppm
mg/g
Cationit
Zeolit A
X d!a
X d!a*
Tr$u
Tr$u*

Hnh 3. Dung lOng x; l Nickel
BEng 7. Hi*u su6t x; l (%) Cd
2+
BEng 8. Dung lOng (mg/g) x; l Cd
2+

C, ppm 100 50 10
Cationit 82,46 69,37 59,11
Zeolit A 77,56 68,52 58,93
X" dKa 50,23 40,98 32,15
X" dKa* 81,24 70,36 60,88
Tr6u 40,12 35,21 23,17
Tr6u* 68,41 61,35 51,55
C, ppm 100 50 10
Cationit 41,23 17,34 2,95
Zeolit A 38,78 17,13 2,94
X" dKa 25,11 10,24 1,60
X" dKa* 40,62 17,59 3,04
Tr6u 20,06 8,80 1,15
Tr6u* 34,20 15,33 2,57
20
40
60
80
0 20 40 60 80 100 [Cd
2+
], ppm
HiDu suTt
%
Cationit
Zeolit A
X d!a
X d!a*
Tr$u
Tr$u*

Hnh 4. Hi*u su6t x; l Cadmium
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
0 20 40 60 80 100 [Cd
2+
], ppm
mg/g
Cationit
Zeolit A
X d!a
X d!a*
Tr$u
Tr$u*

Hnh 5. Dung lOng x; l Cadmium
(* t!ng "ng v$i v%t li)u c ho+t ha)
TK sH li*u thu 2Oc trong cc b4ng 5-8, m3t sH nhQn xt c thI 2Oc rt ra nh sau:
- X" dKa sau khi ho%t ha c kh4 n0ng h6p phM/trao 2Ci ion r6t cao ngang bUng v-i nh/a trao
2Ci ion ho@c zeolite A. Hi*u su6t x; l Ni
2+
2%t 90,22% v 83,24% t"ng 9ng v-i n=ng 23 Ni
2+
l
100 ppm v 50 ppm, ngang v-i zeolite A. Hi*u su6t x; l Cd
2+
G hai n=ng 23 trn l 81,21% v
70,36%, ngang v-i nh/a trao 2Ci ion. Dung lOng x; l m3t l<n cEng t"ng 2"ng nh/a trao 2Ci
ion v zeolite A.
- Kh4 n0ng h6p phM/trao 2Ci ion Ni
2+
v Cd
2+
cJa tr6u ho%t ha th6p h"n so v-i x" dKa ho%t
ha. Hi*u su6t x; l Ni
2+
v Cd
2+
G n=ng 23 100 ppm v 50 ppm t"ng 9ng l 78,41%; 59,63%
v 68,41%; 61,35%.
t|ttt & Itt|1|1) trt|1Ntl, f1| ll, N1.& l&

- X" dKa v tr6u khng ho%t ha vXn c kh4 n0ng h6p phM/trao 2Ci ion Ni
2+
v Cd
2+
. Tuy hi*u
su6t x; l cJa x" dKa khng ho%t ha (63,51% 2Hi v-i Ni
2+
n=ng 23 100 ppm) th6p h"n so v-i x"
dKa 2 2Oc ho%t ha nhng nguyn li*u ny r6t phong ph v r6t rP nn 63,51% vXn l m3t sH
li*u r6t c ngh[a.
- Qu trnh ho%t ha bUng acid citric 2 c hi*u qu4 r r*t lm t0ng hi*u su6t x; l ln kho4ng
30% (63,51% 90,22% 2Hi v-i x" dKa v 45,21% 78,41% 2Hi v-i tr6u). Kh4 n0ng x; l cJa
tr6u km h"n so v-i x" dKa c thI do kh4 n0ng h6p phM ban 2<u kn h"n, v hm lOng th6p cc
polymer c tc dMng h6p phM nh lignin, tannin. Tuy nhin kh4 n0ng trao 2Ci ion vXn t"ng
2"ng x" dKa v vQy sau khi ho%t ha cc nhm OH, 23 t0ng hi*u su6t l 30% giHng nh x" dKa.
- Cc sH li*u thu 2Oc G n=ng 23 cc ion l 10 ppm c s/ sMt gi4m r r*t hi*u su6t x; l cJa
c4 x" dKa v tr6u. Chng ti cho rUng c lP ph"ng php so mu s; dMng G vng n=ng 23 th6p
khng chnh xc v 2 s; dMng ph"ng php AAS 2I kiIm tra l%i k8t qu4 G n=ng 23 cc ion l 10
ppm. K8t qu4 cho th6y hi*u su6t G n=ng 23 10 ppm th/c ch6t vXn cao nh G vng n=ng 23 cao.
BEng 9. K8t qu4 x; l dung dSch Ni
2+
v Cd
2+
n=ng 23 10 ppm bUng ph"ng php AAS
X? dSa ho9t ha VY trTu ho9t ha
Ni
2+
,% 88,92 68,89
Cd
2+
,% 81,46 63,03

4. K6T LUGN
K8t qu4 kh4o st cho th6y hai lo%i phM phNm nng nghi*p l x" dKa v tr6u c kh4 n0ng h6p
phM/trao 2Ci ion Ni
2+
v Cd
2+
v-i hi*u su6t kh cao (50 60% 2Hi v-i x" dKa v 40 45% 2Hi
v-i tr6u).
Vi*c ho%t ha x" dKa v tr6u bUng acid citric c tc dMng nng cao r r*t hi*u su6t x; l ion
Ni
2+
v Cd
2+,
lm t0ng hi*u su6t c4 hai ln kho4ng 30%. Hi*u su6t ny khng thay 2Ci nhiLu khi
thay 2Ci n=ng 23 ion kim lo%i trong dung dSch.
Kh4 n0ng h6p phM/trao 2Ci ion r rng phM thu3c nhiLu vo b4n ch6t c6u trc cJa nguyn li*u.
C<n c nhAng nghin c9u thm vL c6u trc (bL m@t ring) v thnh ph<n (thnh ph<n cc
polymer) nguyn li*u 2I hiIu r nguyn nhn gip x" dKa c kh4 n0ng h6p phM/trao 2Ci ion tHt
h"n tr6u. Trn c" sG 2 c thI 2Snh h-ng nhanh chng loaS nguyn li*u no c kh4 n0ng h6p
phM/trao 2Ci ion tHt nh6t.
IA| |K| |KAI IK|EN KK&|N, IA| ll, B & l&

TI LIAU THAM KH#O
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