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Class X: Math Chapter 15: Probability Chapter Notes Top Definitions 1. 2. Probability is a quantitative measure of certainty. Any activity associated to certain outcome is called a random experiment. e.g. (i) tossing a coin (ii) throwing a dice (ii) selecting a card. Outcome associated with an experiment is called an event. E.g (i) Getting a head on tossing a coin (ii) getting a face card when a card is drawn from a pack of 52 cards. The event whose probability is one are called sure events/ certain event. The event whose probability is zero are called impossible events. An event with only one possible outcome is called an elementary event. In a given experiment, if two or more events are equally likely to occur or have equal probabilities, then they are called equally likely events.

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Top Concepts 1. 2. 3. Probability of an event lies between 0 and 1. Probability can never be negative. A pack of playing cards consist of 52 cards which are divided into 4 suits of 13 cards each. Each suit consists of one ace, one king, one queen, one jack and 9 other cards numbered from 2 to 10. Four suits named spades, hearts, diamonds and clubs. King, queen and jack are face cards. The sum of the probabilities of all elementary events of an experiment is 1. Two events A and B are said to be complements of each other if the sum of their probabilities is 1.

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Top Formulae 1. Probability of an event E denoted as P(E) is given by:

P(E) Number of outcomes favourable to E TotalNumber of Outcomes

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2. 3. For an event E, P(E) 1 P(E) , where the event E representing not E is the complement of event E. For A and B two possible outcomes of an event.
(i) If P(A) > P(B) then event A is more likely to occur than event B. (ii) If P(A) = P(B) then events A and B are equally likely to occur.

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Top Diagrams 1. Heart Suits of Playing Card Spades Diamond Club

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Face Cards A Queen of club A Jack of Clubs

A King of diamond

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