CHUYN 3: CNG CA LC IN TRNG.

IN TH, HIU IN TH:

I. Cng c !"c #$%n &'(ng:
). *+,- ./& cng c !"c #$%n &0'(ng
Xet chuyn ng ca mt in tich im q ~ 0 di chuyn trong in trng u
c to ra gia hai ban kim loi phng t i din song song voi nhau va tich
in bng nhau , trai du nh hinh v.
Gia su doi tac dung ca luc in trng
. F q E =
ur ur
co phong vung goc voi cac ban ,
co chiu hong tu ban dong sang ban m va co lon nh nhau ti moi im thi
in tich khao sat chuyn ng tu vi tri M toi vi tri N theo mt trong cac con
ng trong hinh. By gi ta i tinh cng ca luc in trng trn cac con ng
o.
Theo ng MN
A
MN
F.MN.cos qE.MN.cos qEd(*)
Theo ng MPN:
A
MN
A
MP
A
PN
A
MP
qE.MP.cos
1
qEd
1
A
PN
qE.PN.cos(
2
) qEd
2
Vy: A
MN
qEd
1
qEd
2
qEd(**)
Tu (*) va (**) suy ra:
A
MN
A
MPN
Tng quat cho ng MxN ta cung thu c kt qua tong tu.
Ta tong th nay nhe : chia oan ng i o thanh nhng oan rt ngn sao cho
co th coi la nhng oan thng . Li lun ging nh trn , ta thy cng trn mi
oan nho bng cng trn hinh chiu ca oan y ln phong ca luc . Do o cng
trn ca ng i MxN bng cng trn oan MN la hinh chiu ca MxN ln phong
ca luc (cung la phong ca ng suc) . Ngi ta chung minh c rng iu
o ung cho moi in trng (tinh) , u cung nh khng u , nghia la :
1. *2& L34n
- Cng ca luc in tac dung ln mt in tich tu im nay ln im khac trong
in trng (tinh) ti l voi lon in tich di chuyn , khng phu thuc vao dng
ng i ca in tich ma chi phu thuc vao vi tri ca im u va im cui ca
ng i trong in trng.
- Tong tu nh trong trong trng. Trng tinh in voi tinh cht trn v cng ca
luc in trng la mt trng th.
II. $%n &+2 5 H$%3 #$%n &+2
1. Th nng ca in tich trong in trng
Nhn xet: Ta nhn thy co mt su tong ng c bit gia trng trong luc va
in trng o la: Chung u la trng luc th hay con goi la trng th. Cn cu
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
M
N
d
2
d
1
P
d

vao o ta co th nghin cuu trng th tinh in nh nghin cuu voi trng th

hp dn.
Trong trng hp dn ca trai t ta co: Cng ca trong luc c biu din qua
hiu th nng ti vi tri u va vi tri cui:
A
pMN
P(Z
M
- Z
N
) m.(gZ
M
- gZ
N
) W
M
- W
N
. Voi th nng W mgZ(J)
Mt cach tong tu trong trng tinh in mt in tich im q (Nh cht im
khi lng m) co mt th nng va co:
A
MN
F(r
M
- r
N
) q(E
M
.r
M
- E
N
.r
N
) q( K - K ) W
M
- W
N
(1)
voi th nng
.
M
M
Q
W q k
r
=
(2); (r
M
: la khoang cach tu Q n M, W (J): la th nng ti
im xet trong in trng)
1. $%n &+2 78 +$%3 #$%n &+2.
. $%n &+2
9&:
M
M
Q
V k
r
=
(3) (V
M
(V) goi in th ti mt im M do in tich Q gy ra)
Khi o ta co:
. .
M M
M
Q
W q k qV
r
= =
(4)
S chng cht in th:
1 2 3 4
V V V V V = + + + +
(5)
:. H$%3 ;$%n &+2
Tu (1) va (4) ta co: A
MN
W
M
- W
N
q(V
M
- V
N
) suy ra: V
M
- V
N


Dt: U
MN
V
M
- V
N
(6) (U
MN
goi la hiu in th gia hai im M,N) vy ta co:
Hiu in th gia hai im trong in trng:
MN
MN M N
A
U V V
q
= =
(V) (7)
(A
MN
: cng luc in trng lam q di chuyn tu M n N)
Hay: A
MN
q.U
MN
(8)
Ta thy voi cung mt in tich q hiu in th gia hai im M,N cang lon thi A
MN
cang lon va ngc li.
Vy:
H$%3 #$%n &+2 g$< +$ #$=> &0-ng #$%n &0'(ng !8 #?$ !'@ng #9c &0'ng c+- A+,
nBng &+"c +$%n cng c #$%n &0'(ng A+$ cC >D& #$%n &Ec+ ;$ c+3F=n g$< +$
#$=> #C.
3. L$%n +% g$< c'(ng #D #$%n &0'(ng 78 +$%3 #$%n &+2:
T cC: A
MN
q.U
MN
q.E.d :
G4F :
E
ur
d
M
N
N'
MN
U
E
d
=
(9) (V/m)
(9) la cng thuc lin h gia cng in trng va hiu in th trong in
trng u, voi d MN`: la hinh chiu ca M, N ln phong ca mt ng suc
bt ky.

II. HII TJK.
H8$ ). Hy tinh cng ca luc in trng lam dich chuyn in tich q 10
-8
C theo cac cnh ca tam
giac u ABC cnh a20cm trong mt in trng u, co vec to cng in trng
// E BC
ur uuur
va
co cng E 3000V/m S: A
AB
= -3.10
-6
J, A
BC
= 6.10
-6
J.
A
CA
= -3.10
-6
J.
H8$ 1. Trong vt l ngi ta thng dung on vi nng lng la electron vn, ki hiu la eV.
Electron vn la nng lng ma mt electron thu c khi no i qua mt on ng co mt hiu
in th 1V.
a) Tinh nng lng eV ra J.
b) Tinh vn tc ca electron co nng lng 0,01MeV (1MeV10
6
eV)
S: . 1!V=1,6.10-1"- J# $.%,".10
&
'()
H8$ 3. Mt Electron bay trong in trng. Khi qua M co in th V
M
240V thi co vn tc
v
M
10
7
(m/s). Khi qua im N no co vn tc v
N
6.10
6
(m/s). Tinh in th o im N.
S: V
*
=+,,V
H8$ L. Mt electron bay voi vn tc v 8.10
6
m/s tu mt im co in th V
1
600V theo hong ca
ng suc in. Hy xac inh in th V
2
ca im ma ti o electron dung li
S: V
,
=+1-V
H8$ M. Mt ht bui co khi lng m1mg tich in dong q 5.10
-8
C ang lo lung o chinh gia hai
tm kim loi phng nm ngang, tich in trai du va cach nhau mt khoang d 20cm. Cho
g10m/s
2
.
a) Xac inh hiu in th U gia hai tm kim loi phng.
b) Ht bui s chuyn ng nh th nao nu ta i du hai ban kim loi. Tim thi gian ht
bui chm vao mt ban kim loi.
S: .=+0V, t =0,1)
H8$ N. Hai ban kim loi phng nm ngang, song song va cach nhau d10cm. Hiu in th giu hai
ban la U910V. Mt electron co vn tc ban u v
0
64.10
5
m/s chuyn ng doc theo ng suc
v phia ban tich in m.
a) Tinh gia tc ca electron.
b) Electron chuyn ng nh th nao. Bit rng in trng gia hai ban la u va bo qua
tac dung ca trong luc.
S: . =16.10
1+
'()
,
# $. Ch/y0n 1ng ch' 23n, i 45c 1,,-c' th6 27ng 89i, 2:i
chi;/ <= ch/y0n 1ng >? <@i cAng gi tBc
H8$ O. Hai ban kin loi phng cach nhau d5cm c tich in trai du cho n khi hiu in th
gia hai ban la U157V. gia ban tu tich in dong co mt l nho, ta bn qua l nho o mt
electron theo chiu ca ng suc in trng vao gia hai ban.
a) Tim iu kin ca vn tc ban u v
0
ca electron bn vao no co th toi c ban m. Bo
qua tac dung ca trong luc.
b) Gia su co mt electron c bn nh th va vua dung li khi n sat ban m ri quay tro li.
Tim ng nng ca electron luc ra khoi hai ban kim loi va thi gian chuyn ng ca
electron o gia hai ban kim loi.
S:. 7
P
&,+3.10
6
'()# $.C

=,,%1,.10
-1&
J, t=,,&.10
--
)
H8$ Q. Cho hai ban kim loi phng co dai l5cm t nm ngang, song song, cach nhau mt
khoang
d 2cm. Gia hai ban kim loi co mt hiu in th U910V. Mt electron bay theo phong nm
ngang vao gia hai ban voi vn tc ban u v
0
5.10
4
km/s. Tinh lch ca electron khoi phong
ban u khi no vua ra khoi hai ban kim loi. Coi in trng gia hai ban kim loi la u va bo qua
tac dung ca trong luc.
S: h = 0,+c'
H8$ R. Hai ban kim loi phng co chiu dai l 16cm, t song song cach nhau mt khoang d10cm,
c tich in cho n khi hiu in th gia chung la U9kV. Mt electron bay vao im cach
u hai tm kim loi va theo phong vung goc voi ng suc in trng voi ng nng la W
0

18keV. Khi lng ca lectron la m 9.1.10
-31
kg. Bo qua tac dung ca trong luc.
a) Vit phong trinh qu o ca electron theo m, d, U va v
0
.
b) Tim lch ngang h ca lectron khi ra khoi hai tm kim loi.
c) Xac inh vecto vn tc ca lectron khi ra khoi hai tm kim loi ( lon va goc lch)
d) Tim iu kin ca hiu in th U lectron thoat ra khoi tu.
S: .
2
2
0
2
eU
y x
mdv
=
# $. h=0,03,', t=,.10
-"
)# c. -%,6&.10
6
'(),
0
21 46' = # 2. .D1+EV.
H8$ )P. Mt lectron c bn vao in trng u trong long gia hai ban kim loi phng voi vn
tc ban u v
0
4.10
6
m/s, hp goc
0
30 = so voi truc song song voi hai ban kim loi. Bit chiu dai
ca cac ban kim loi la 50cm, t cach nhau 30cm. Tim hiu in th U gia hai ban kim loi
lectron bay ra khoi hai ban kim loi theo phong song song voi cac ban. Bo qua tac dung ca
trong luc.
S: .=,3,&V