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HM C BN TRONG EXCEL
Microsoft Excel, l mt phn mm ng dng rt hay. N l mt cng c thng k, tnh
ton v qun l nhn s v ti chnh. V l mt cng c h tr c lc cho gii k ton.
Chnh v vy n c p dng v s l rng ri trong cc cng ty, x nghip hin nay.
Do gii hn ca quyn sch ny, cng nh cho ng vi ci tiu ca n. Chnh v
vy ti ch cp n mt s phn quan trng, trc ht ti xin gii thiu 60 hm c bn
ca Excel:
TN
NGHA
C PHP
n s k t
Len(a ch)
Left
Ct s k t bt u t bn tri
Right
Ct s k t bt u t bn phi
Mid
Ct s k t ty
Mid(a ch ,s k t bt u, s
k t kt thc)
Upper
Upper(a ch)
Lower
Lower(a ch)
Proper
Proper(a ch)
Trim
Trim(a ch)
Find
Tm v tr k t
Search
Tm v tr k t
hoa, thng
Substitute
Tm v thay th k t
If
And
Or
Average
Average(a ch)
Max
Tm s ln nht
Max(a ch)
Min
Tm s nh nht
Min(a ch)
Count
m gi tr s
Count(a ch)
CountA
m k t v s
Counta(a ch)
Countblank
m rng
Countblank(a ch)
Countif
m theo iu kin
Sum
Tnh tng
Sum(a ch)
Sumif
Sumproduct
Large
Tm gi tr s ln th n
Small
Tm gi tr s nh th n
Rank
Text
Value
Round
Int
Int(gi tr)
Trunc
Ly phn nguyn
Mod
Ly phn d
Sqrt
Tnh cn bc hai
Now
Now()
Today
Today()
Weekday
Weekday(a ch)
Day
Tr v gi tr ngy
Day(today())
Month
Tr v gi tr thng
Month(today())
Year
Tr v nm
Year(today())
Data
Tr v ngy thng nm
Datavalue
Datavalue(a ch)
Hour
Tr v gi
Hour(now())
Minute
Tr v pht
Minute(now())
Second
Tr v giy
Second(now())
Timevalue
Time
Tr v gi pht giy
Time(a ch)
vd:(10.15.20)=10:15:20
Isna
Isnumber
Isnumber(tham chiu)
Isblank
Isblank(a ch)
Code
Tr k t v gi tr trong bng m
Ascii
Char
Code(k t)
HM THAM CHIU
Ch : vng tham chiu lun lun c tuyt i($)
Hlookup
Vlookup
Match
Index
HM C S D LIU
Tn hm(vng bng c s d liu, s th t ct tnh, vng bng iu kin)
Dsum(vng bn CSDL, s th t
ct tnh, vng iu kin)
Daverage
Daverage(vng bn CSDL, s th
t ct tnh, vng iu kin)
Dmax
Dmax(vng bn CSDL, s th t
ct tnh, vng iu kin)
Dmin
Dmin(vng bn CSDL, s th t
ct tnh, vng iu kin)
Dcount
DcountA
m k t s v k t da trn vng
iu kin
Dcounta(vng bn CSDL, s th
t ct tnh, vng iu kin)
NGHA
#VALUE
#N/A
#NAME?
Khng nhn c tn hm
#NUM!
Tr s khng hp l
#DIV/0
#REF!
#NUL!
Rng
SAO CHP:
Edit/Paste Special
hp
ca
liu
nhp.
A CH:
L cch gi phn bit hoc khi gia cc v khi khc trong bng tnh.
a ch : l s kt hp gia k hiu ct v dng
a ch khi: l s kt hp gia u v cui, ngn cch nhau bi du 2 chm(:).
PHN LOI:
C 3 loi:
a ch tng i: khi thay i kt qu th a ch ca cc tham chiu cng thay i
theo.
a ch tuyt i: khi thay i kt qu th a ch ca tham chiu khng thay i
theo.
Vd:$Column $row
a ch hn hp: l s kt hp gia a ch tng i v tuyt i.
Vd:$Column row
CC KIU D LIU:
Kiu chui: Bao gm cc k t :A-Z, a-z, 0-9
c im: Lun c canh tri, khi s dng kiu chui trong cng thc lun c t
trong dy nhy kp().
Cc php ton: &
Kiu s: Bao gm 0-9
c im: lun c canh phi trong
Cc php ton: +, -, *, /, ^, %.
Kiu l lun: L kiu logic, thng c dng lm iu kin trong cc hm so snh.
c im: Lun tr v 1 trong 2 gi tr l: True hoc False
CC PHP TON:
PHP TON
TNG NG
Equel to
Greater than
>
Less than
<
>=
<=
Not Equal to
<>
=Countif(A2:A5),tv.* = count(if(left(A2:A5,2)=TV,1,)
Vd2: tnh tng thnh tin cc mt hng TV c s lng <>
=Sum(if(left(A2:A5,2)=TV, IF(B2<8,>
NH DNG:
Format/CellsTab Number:
General: nh dng chung cho kiu d liu
Number: nh dng cho cc d liu s
+Decimal Place(2) quy nh my s l
+Use 100 Suparator(,) phn cch hng ngn
Currency: Quy nh kiu tin t
Date: La chn cch biu din d liu dng ngy
Time: La chn cch biu din d liu dng ngy
Percentage:Quy nh cch biu din d liu kiu phn trm(%)
Scientifie: Biu din d liu s kiu khoa hc.
Vd:1.000.000=1*106=1E+6
Vd2: -1.000.000= -1*106= -1E+6
Fraction: Biu din theo kiu phn s: 0.5 - 2/4
Zipcode: Biu din 1 m s
Custom: Ty nh dng cho cc kiu d liu.
Ch : 0 i din cho 1 k t s, nu khng c th c thay th bi s 0.
# - i din cho 1 k t s, nu khng c th c b trng.
NH DNG IU KIN:
L nh dng d liu m bng tnh cn c vo iu kin:
T khi vng d liu, chn:
Format/Conditional formatting
Delete: xa iu kin
Format: nh dng bng tnh cn c vo iu kin
Trong Condtion1 c hai la chn:
1-Cell Value is : nh dng theo gi tr trong
2-Formula is : nh dng theo cng thc
Ch : thit lp cng thc lun c du =, lun tr v kt qu True hoc False
S dng a ch u tin ca khi thit lp cng thc.
Trong trng hp cn c vo iu kin 1 dng(mu tin)th c nh a ch ct cho cc
a ch s dng trong cng thc.
SP XP:
T khi bng d liu, chn:
Data/Sort
Code(Mid(A2,2,1))
>=
48,
Or(Code(Right(A2,1)=65,
TH
L cch biu din d liu di dng hnh nh.
c thit lp qua 4 bc:Insert/Chart
Bc 1:Chart Type: La chn kiu th
Bc 2: Data Source: Xc nh vng d liu v th(nu t khi trc ri th b qua
bc ny.
Bc 3: Chart Option: Xc nh thng s cho th:
Trong Tab Titles, vi nhng quy nh sau:
Char title: Tn th
Category(x)axis:Tn trc honh
Value(y)axis: Tn trc tung
Tab Axes, vi nhng quy nh sau:
Category(x)axis: Bt/Tt gi tr trc honh
Value(y)axis: Bt/Tt gi tr trc tung
Portrait: in dc
Landscape: in ngang
Adjust to: xc nh t l phng/thu so vi kch thc chun, hoc
Fit to: in va vn vi bao nhiu trang do ta ch nh.
Paper Size: chn kh giy(A3=297 x 420, A4=210 x 297, A5 = 148.5 x 210).
Print Quality: Chn phn gii khi in(ph thuc vo tng my in c th).
First page number: chn cch nh s cho trang u tin(nn chn Auto)
Print: tr v ca s bt u in.
Print preview: xem li trang in
Options: xc nh thm 1 s thng s khc.
Tab Margins, bao gm:
Quy nh v thit lp nhng thng s v l ca giy, trong :
Horizontally: canh gia theo chiu ngang ca trang in.
Vertically: canh gia theo chiu dc ca trang in.
Tab Header/Footer, bao gm:
Cc thit t cho tiu trang in
Cu tr li khc (8)
c xp hng cao nht
VTN tr li 6 nm trc
Nu bn thm nhy n ' vo trc cc ch s th lc Excel s hiu l text ("number stored
as text"). Khng tin bn lm th, ri chn s thy xut hin du ch m than (!) n m trong
vung mu vng. a con tr ln trn chm than s th y xu t hin dng ch sau "The
number in this cell is formatted as text..." --> Nh vy th khng n r i.
Bn nn lm nh th ny:
Chn (cell) cn nh dng --> chut phi chn Format Cell --> chn Custom c a s tri -->
G 2 s 0 (g 00) vo Type (nu mun c nhiu hn th g nhiu s 0 hn ty thch) --> Xong
xui nhn OK. By gi bn vit th mt s vo xem chuyn g xy ra? --> Th t hon h o,
nhng con s ca bn nh bn mun m vn khng nh hng n cc php tnh trong
excel.
Chc bn lun vui v.
Cc bn khc nh tr li cho ng v cn trng hn nh. Gip ng i m gip t m b y l h i
ngi . Hi hi.
Ngun: