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C
(
o
h
m
s
)
6 mm
2
4 mm
2
2.5 mm
2
8
1MRS 755481
Calculation of the Current Transformer
Accuracy Limit Factor
3.1.3. Example
The distance between the CTs and the protection relay is 15 metres, 4 mm
2
Cu
conductors in 4-wire connection are used. The burden of the relay input is less than
20mO (5 A input). Calculate the actual burden of the CT at 75C:
Solution:
p =0.0216 Om (75C)
R =0.0216 Om x (1.2 x 15 m) / 4 mm
2
=0.097 O
Burden of CT =0.097 O + 0.020 O = 0.117 O
Note for rated secondary current
As shown previously, the smaller the CT burden in voltamperes, the better (higher)
the actual accuracy limit factor. When changing to 1A rated CT secondary current
instead of 5 A, the burden in voltamperes will drop to a level of 1/25 of what it was.
3.2. Calculation of the actual accuracy limit factor
The actual accuracy limit factor (F
a
) is calculated from the following equation
(3)
where F
n
=rated accuracy limit factor
S
in
=internal burden of the CT secondary coil
S
n
=rated burden of the CT
S
a
=actual burden of the CT
In equation 3, all burdens must be in VA, which can be calculated from the
expression S =I
2
R by using the rated secondary current of the CT.
3.2.1. Example
The internal secondary coil resistance of the CT is 0.07 O, the secondary burden
(including wires and relay) is 0.117 O and the CT is rated 300/5, 5P20, 10 VA.
Calculate the actual accuracy limit factor F
a
.
Solution:
F
n
=20 (CT data 5P20), S
in
=(5A)
2
0.07 O =1.75 VA,
S
n
=10 VA (from CT data), S
a
=(5A)
2
0.117 O = 2.925 VA
Note: Often, as in this example, the power factor (cos) of the CT is ignored.
a in
n in
n a
S S
S S
F F
+
+
-
3 . 50
925 . 2 75 . 1
10 75 . 1
20 =
+
+
=
a
F
1MRS 755481
Calculation of the Current Transformer
Accuracy Limit Factor
9
3.2.2. Alternative method
There is also an alternative method for calculating F
a,
, that is, by first calculating the
voltage on the CT secondary side, using the rated values:
U
sat
= F
n
x I
n
x (R
in
+ R
n
) (4)
where F
n
=rated accuracy limit factor
I
n
=rated secondary current of the CT
R
in
=internal resistance of the CT secondary coil
R
n
=rated resistance (burden) of the CT
This voltage (secondary limiting e.m.f.) is independent of the CT burden. Thus, F
a
for the actual burden can be calculated as follows:
F
a
= U
sat
/[I
n
x (R
in
+ R
a
)] (5)
where R
a
=actual resistance (burden) of the CT.
By using the values from the previous example, the solution will be:
( )
3 . 50
117 . 0 07 . 0 5
0 . 47
=
O + O
=
A
V
F
a
( )
V
A
VA
A U
sat
0 . 47
5
10
07 . 0 5 20
2
=
!
!
"
#
$
$
%
&
+ O =
10
1MRS 755481
Calculation of the Current Transformer
Accuracy Limit Factor
4. References
IEC 60044-1. Instrument transformers Part 1: Current transformers.
1MRS 755481
Calculation of the Current Transformer
Accuracy Limit Factor
11
5. List of symbols
o temperature coefficient of the conductor material
p resistivity of the conductor material
A cross-sectional area
F
a
actual accuracy limit factor
F
n
rated accuracy limit factor
I
n
rated CT secondary current
l length of the conductor
R resistance
R
1
resistance at temperature T
1
R
2
resistance at temperature T
2
R
a
actual resistance (burden) of the CT
R
in
internal resistance of the CT secondary coil
R
n
rated resistance (burden) of the CT
S
a
actual burden of the CT
S
in
internal burden of the CT secondary coil
S
n
rated burden of the CT
T
1
, T
2
temperatures in Kelvin (20C =293.15 K)
U
sat
secondary limiting e.m.f.
ABB Oy
Distribution Automation
P.O. Box 699
FI-65101 Vaasa
FINLAND
Tel. +358 10 22 11
Fax. +358 10 224 1094
www.abb.com/substationautomation
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