ผลงานวิจัยอารักขาพืชปี2551เล่มที่1

1/2552
2551

2551
12 26 50
207 23
.. 2551
2551

( )
2552

01-05-49-01

- .........................1

07-01-49-01

- ....................................25
Eco2 fume

- .....................................35
Eco2 fume

- ......................47

- .................87

- ........................91

-2- niclosamide ..................................104

metaldehyde Pomacea sp.

- ...118
Pomacea sp.

- ...........124

- ..........................127

- ...................130

- ...................144

- ...................148

- ...................162

- .......................174

- ......................182

-3- ..........................188

- ..................194

- ...................202
(Helicoverpa armigera) (Hubner)

- ......................206

- ....................209

- ................213
Dysmicoccus sp.

07-01-49-02

- .................222

- ..........................228
-4
- .....................1954

- ..............235

- .......................................252
Bactrocera latifrons (Hendel)

- ...........................................256

- ............267

- ..............................................281
z (Coriandrum sativum L.)

- ................307
Air blast

-5

- ............................311

- .....................................316

- ................................324

- .............................332

- .............343

- ................................348

- ...............................349

- ....356

-6- ................................389

- ..............404

- ..........................416

- .........................420

- .........................425

- ...................1946

- ...........................429

- .........................................................437

-7

- ...................448

07-01-49-03

- ........................460

- .....482

- . .......................................488

- .........................................492

- .........................498

- .........................516

- ................................522
Sycanus versicolor Dohm.

-8- ............................535
Plutella xylostella (Linneaus) 3

07-01-49-04

- ..539

- .556

- ....564

- .......571

- ...582

07-01-49-05
-
z ...592

z 602
-9

-
z ....614

z ..624

- ................637

- ...644

07-01-49-06

- ........1960
Brontispa longissima

- Tetrastichus brontispae ....649
Ferriere

- ........................................660

- 10
Bacillus thuringiensis
- Bacillus thuringiensis ..664

- Bt. NPV......668

- Bacillus thuringiensis NPV...671
(Flowable liquid)

NPV
- NPV .................675

- NPV ..................................678

- NPV
z ......697

- ................................701
Metarhizium anisopliae

- Metarhizium anisopliae .................710

- 11 - Metarhizium .....720
Anisopliae

- ....................727

- ..........736

- ..........742
- ...749

- ...........................................765

- .................772

- ............................785
- 12 -
Bacillus subtilis
- Bacillus subtilis .........................2034

- .795
Bacillus subtilis

- Bacillus subtilis .818

07-01-49-07

- ..................................................824
( ) (
)

- ....831

-
z : ....................... 837

z : .......................... 842

z ................................. 847

-
- 13 z ..853

z ..883

z ....1970

z ....1978

z ..918
Spongospora subterranea

z ..939

z ....................944

z .....951

z ..962
- 14 -
z ....................967

- .972

- .977

- ..982

-
..989

- Cucumber Green Mottle1006
Mosaic Virus

- ..1011
- 15 - ..1018

- ................1026

- .........1034

- ..............1044

- .....................1071
Acidovorax avenae subsp. Citrulli

07-01-51-01

- Guignardia1080
citricarpa

- Guignardia citricarpa ..1086
- 16 - Sclerophthora .1094
rayssiae S. macrospora

- ..............2044
Pantoea stewartii

- .................1099
Acidovorax avenae subsp. citrulli

- Acidovorax avenae 1108
subsp. citrulli

- Radopholus................1114
similis

- Radopholus .1125
similis

- ..1133
Sternochetus mangiferae

- Cataenococcus....1142
hispidus Green Planococcus lichi Cox

- 17

- Congress grass....1149
(Parthernium hysterophous L.)

- Euphorbia dentata ...1154
Agrostis spp.

(Molecular biology)
09-01-49-02
(Molecular biology)

- .........................1158
Fusarium spp.

- ......................1168
Phytophthora parasitica

- Phytophthora capsici................1182

(Molecular biology)

- .........................1188
Wistar

- 18
- ...1983

- Streptomyces ..............1204
scabies

- Pineapple mealybug ..................1995
Wilt-associated virus-2

- .................1211

- Black spot ..........................1223
Guignardia citricarpa PCR

01-09-49-02

- ...........................1229

10-01-49-01
- 19 - .........................................1239

- .........................................1249

01-08-49-01

- ..............................1259

- ....................2009

09-02-49-01
- ...............................1267

- ..............................................1281

- 20 - .....................................1285

- .........................1290
- ...............................................1311

.
- Cercosporoid............................1350
fungi Teleomorph

- Fusaruim ........................................1358

- Curvularia ............................1375

- Phythium .........................................1384

- ...........................1396

- ............................1401
Sclerotium

- Macrophomina..........................1409
- 21 - ..............................1415
Xanthomonad

- ..................................1431

- ...............1435

- Culture Collection.........................1440

- Colletotrichum spp. .....................1445

- ..................................1464

-
Bacillus sp.
z Bacillus ...............1475

z .............................1497
Bacillus spp.

-
z Bacillus ....1505
thuringiensis NPV

- ....1508

- 22
- .................................................1515

- ............1518

- Curcuma........................1522
( )

- Pseudococcus 1526

- Aphidinae ......................1530

- Bactrocera.......1534

- ............................................1545

- ..........................1554

- ....1559

- Oligonychus ...1565

- ....................................................................1570

- ...................................1573
- 23 - ..................................1578

- .............1582

- Ovachlamys fulgens (Gude) .........................1588

-
- ....1603

01-16-49-01

- ......1609

- ..1621

- ..1634

- ........................................2019

- 24 - ...............1648
- ......2026

01-16-49-03
- 1655

- 1678

- ...1689

- ...........1694

- .1702

- 25
Dolichocybe indica
Mahunka
- ................................1708
Dolichocybe indica Mahunka

- 1714

- .................................1716

- ...............................1718

Hypomyces
- Hypomyces .........................................1721
- .1729
- 1741
Pseudomonas

- 26 -
01-16-49-05

- ..........................1748
PVY

- ...........................................1760
Ralstonia solanacearum

- abamectin ..............1773

- Paecilomyces lilacinus...................................1783
01-16-49-06

- .....................1788
z : 2550

01-12-49-04
- 27 - .............................1808

01-12-49-06

- .....1823

01-12-51-02

- ......1835

01-15-49-01

- ....1840

01-15-52-01

- ....................... 1857
- 28 - ...............1863

/ 01-15-49-03
- .............................................2049
01-17-49-06

- .........................1867
Fusarium moniliforme

- .........................1872
Macrophomina phaseolina

- .........................1878
Colletotrichum sublineolum

- ..................1884
Sphacelotheca cruenta

- 29
01-10-49-02

- ....................................1890
, Citripestis sagittiferella Moore

- ........................1900
, Citripestis sagittiferella Moore

- .............1907

- ...........................1913

- ..................1921

- ..............1927

- .............................1936
Research on a suitable post-emergence weed control in

sugarcane in three locations

1/
2/ 3/

45 3

split plot in RCB 4 Main plot 1)
2) Sub plot 7
1) 2) 3)
hexazinone/diuron 300 4)
ametryn 400 5)
paraquat 82.8 6)
7)
45
2549

60

()
60
01-05-49-01-01-03-01-49
1/
2/
3/
2

60
(.)
(ametryn)
(hexazinone/diuron) (paraquat)
.
hexazinon/diuron .
.
hexazinon/diuron paraquat
ametryn .
45 .

12.8 15
ametryn
11.8 14.8
hexazinon/diuron
9.8 hexazinon/diuron
. 9.2 /

2 .
paraquat

(toxicity)

3

(,2545)

( ,2535)

- 94-2-483
-
-
- 15-15-15 25 1
()
- (hexazinone/diuron)
(ametryn) (paraquat)
(imazapic/pendimethalin)
-
Split plot in RCB 4

( )
Main plot 1)
2) ()
Sub plot 45 7
4
1)
2)
3) hexazinone/diuron 300
4) ametryn 400
5) paraquat 82.8
6) ()
7)
6.5 x 8.0 3 (3.9 X 8.0
) 1.3
2 2
0.5 2
imazapic/pendimethalin 12 + 120
45 (sub plot)
- (toxicity) (damage/injury)
15 30 45
60 0-10
0 = normal ()
1-3 = slightly toxic ()
4-6 = moderately toxic ()
7-9 = severely toxic ()
10 = completely killed ()
-
()
0-10
5
0 = no control ()
1-3 = slightly control ()
4-6 = moderately control (
)
7-9 = good control ()
10 = completely control ()
-
2
- 60
- (/)
(.)

2549- 2550
1.

(Boerhavia diffusa L.) (Digitaria
ciliaris (Retz.) Koel.) (Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn.)
(Leptochloa chinensis (L.) Nees) (Tridax procumbens L.)
(Eremochloa spp.) (Cyperus rotunsus L.) (Cleome
sp.) (Tribulus terrestris L.) (Euphorbia hirta L.)
(Commelina benghalendis L.) (Phyllanthus amarus Dchumach &
Thonn,) (Momordica chanrantia L.) (Chloris barbata Sw.)
(Dactyloctenium aegyptium (L.) P. Beauv. Ess. Agrost.)
(Scoparia dulcis L.)

6

60 75.5
119.9
()
( 1)

paraquat 1

45 hexazinone/diuron
30
hexazinone/diuron
(systemic)

60
ametryn
paraquat hexazinone/diuron ( 1)

paraquat (contact herbicide)

(recover) ametryn hexazinone/diuron

paraquat ( 2)

() 12.8
7.8
hexazinone/diuron 9.8
(toxicity)
(2545) hexazinone/diuron
7
hexazinone
ametryn paraquat 11.8 11.3
( 2 3)

15 11.3

ametryn 14.8
paraquat hexazinone/diuron 13.3 12.3
45
500
(12.8-15.0 11.8-14.8 )
2.

(Ipomoea pestigridis L.)
(Ipomoea gracilis R. Br.) (Brachiaria
reptans)
(Paederia linearis Hook. f.) (Cyperus
rotundus L.) (Echinochloa colona (L.) Link) (Tridax
procumbens L.) (Boerhavia diffusa L.) (Euphorbia hirta
L.) (Zoysia matrella L.)

paraquat

45 hexazinon/diuron
30
8
60 ametryn
45 ( 4)

( 5)
60 33.18 23.39

( 3) hexazinon/diuron
60
8.97
6.15 ( 3)
ametryn 45

60 22.67
31.47
ametryn
hexazinon/diuron
paraquat
ametryn paraquat
paraquat

ametryn
(16.16 )
hexazinon/diuron 9.17 ( 4)

9
12.70 -16.36 paraquat
(16.36 )

45
hexazinon/diuron

(2546)
3.

(Echinochloa colona
(L.) Link) (Euphorbia heterophylla L.) (Digitaria ciliaris
(Retz.) Koel.) (Tridax procumbens L.) (Amaranthus viridis L.)
(Amaranthus spinosus Linn.) (Heliotropium indicum L.)
(Tribulus terrestris L.) (Cardiospermum halicacabum)
(Eleusine indica (L.) (Lagascea mollis Cav.)
(Brachiaria mutica) (Apocipis wrightii Munro) (Corchorus
olitorius L.)

2

45
( 0
45 ) ( 8)

60
( 5)
2.97 7.64
( 6) paraquat
10
paraquat
( )

( 6)
(experiment units)
(coefficient of variation or CV =
75..27 %) (ametryn)

hexazinon/diuron
3
(toxicity)
(systemic)

() .

(toxicity) ( 1) .
.

.
(capillary
11
pores) (, 2535)
paraquat
paraquat
1. 45
()

2. 45
(ametryn)
500
(paraquat) 2-3 (
)

3. (hexazinone/diuron)
(toxic)
1.

2.

12
3.

,2545.
3 .
2545 5
208-223.
,2546.
Phil 66-07.
2545
301-315.
,2535.
.
2545
534-544.
13
1 ()
60 2549-2550
1.
2.
3. hexazinone/diuron
4. ametryn
5. paraquat
6.
7.
69.0
110.8
49.5
27.5
89.8
118.5
177.5
91.8
82.0
129.0
28.5
49.5
67.8
83.8
245.3
98.0
75.5 bcd
119.9 ab
39.0 d
38.5 cd
78.8 bcd
101.1 abc
211.4 a
94.9
CV (a) = 20.99 %
CV (b) = 40.95 %
ns
**
x
ns
ns = * = (p<0.05) ** = (p<0.01)
1

2 (/) 2549-2550
1.
2.
4. ametryn
5. paraquat
6.
7.
12.8
11.3
9.8
11.8
11.3
12.0
7.8
15.0
11.3
12.3
14.8
13.3
13.5
9.8 b
13.9 a
11.3 ab
11.0 ab
13.3 a
12.3 ab
12.7 ab
8.8 b
10.9
12.8
11.8
CV (a) = 12.46 %
CV (b) = 10.39 %
ns
*
x ns
ns = * = (p<0.05) ** = (p<0.01)
1

14
3 ()
60 2549-2550
1.
2.
4. ametryn
5. paraquat
6.
7.
31.43
27.41
11.44
13.87
13.15
11.27
32.08
20.09
34.94
19.37
6.50
31.47
6.15
11.48
47.28
22.45
33.18ab
23.39abc
8.97c
22.67bc
9.65c
11.38c
39.68a
21.27
CV (a) = 47.17 %
CV (b) = 45.30 %
ns
**
x
ns
ns = * = (p<0.05) ** = (p<0.01)
1

4 (/)
2549-2550
1.
2.
4. ametryn
5. paraquat
6.
7.
14.09
14.60
9.17
16.16
14.54
15.26
12.40
13.74
13.81
13.46
13.70
15.56
16.36
14.76
12.70
14.34
CV (a) = 6.33 %
CV (b) = 18.0 %
ns
*
x
ns
ns = * = (p<0.05) ** = (p<0.01)
1

13.95abc
14.03abc
11.44c
15.86a
15.45a
15.01ab
12.55ab
14.04
15
5 ()
60 2549-2550
1.
2.
4. ametry n
5. paraquat
6.
7.
218.0
165.25
121.75
144.50
117.0
90.25
140.50
142.46
123.75
238.75
184.5
200.5
148.75
77.25
208.75
168.9
170.87 ab
202.00 a
153.12 ab
172.50 bc
132.87 bc
83.75 c
174.62 ab
155.68
CV (a) = 3.30 %
CV (b) = 38.2 %
ns
*
x
ns
ns = * = (p<0.05) ** = (p<0.01)
1

6 (/)
2549-2550
1.
2.
4. ametryn
5. paraquat
6.
7.
6.84
7.04
4.78
6.03
2.98
8.46
5.07
5.89
4.76
5.25
4.87
3.47
2.96
6.82
2.09
4.32
CV (a) = 75.27 %
CV (b) = 37.4 %
ns
**
x
ns
ns = * = (p<0.05) ** = (p<0.01)
1

5.80 ab
6.14 ab
4.83 bc
4.75 bc
2.97 c
7.64 a
3.58 c
5.10
16
1 (damage) (toxicity)

15 30 45 60
2549 - 2550
1.
2.
4. ametryn
5. paraquat
6.
7.
1.
2.
4. ametryn
5. paraquat
6.
7.
15
30
45
60
1.2
1.9
0.3
3.2
5.7
0
0
2.0
2.4
1.7
2.8
7.5
0
0
0
0.1
5.71
2.0
2.3
0
0
0.3
0
6.81
0
3.0
0
0
0
0
3.2
0
0
0
0
0
0
2.1
0
0.7
0
0
0
0
0.2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
: 0 10
(
1

)
17
2 (efficacy)
15 30
45 60
2549 - 2550
1.
2.
4. ametryn
5. paraquat
6.
7.
1.
2.
4. ametryn
5. paraquat
6.
7.
15 30 45
8.4
7.8
4.6
5.2
10.0
10.0
0
9.2
8.7
8.0
8.1
9.0
10.0
0
7.9
7.2
8.61
9.61
9.7
10.0
0
8.0
5.5
9.21
9.51
8.7
10.0
0
5.0
4.4
10.0
8.7
8.2
10.0
0
3.0
5.0
9.0
8.0
5.0
10.0
0
60
3.0
5.0
10.0
8.1
6.0
10.0
0
3.0
5.0
9.0
7.7
3.0
10.0
0
0 10
(

)
1

(mode of action)
18
3

2549-2550

()
()
1.
3.8
31.8
1.5
13.9
2.
3.7
29.3
1.4
11.2
3.5
31.2
1.3
11.1
4. ametryn
3.9
31.5
1.4
13.3
5. paraquat
3.8
30.5
1.4
12.3
6.
3.9
30.6
1.4
12.8
7.
3.5
29.4
1.5
8.8
CV (b)%
10.1
4.4
7.4
12.3
ns
ns
ns
ns
*
**
*
*
x
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns = * = (p<0.05) ** = (p<0.01)
1

19

15 30 45 60
2549- 2550
15
30
45
60
1.
1.9
1.2
0
2.
2.5
1.2
0
3.1
6.21
1.8
4. ametryn
3.1
1.8
0
5. paraquat
6.8
3.7
0
6.
0
0
0
7.
0
0
0
1.
3.1
1.2
0
2.
2.5
0
0
1.8
4.31
1.0
4. ametryn
2.5
3.1
0
5. paraquat
6.2
2.5
0
6.
0
0
0
7.
0
0
0
0 10
(
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
20
5 (efficacy)
15 30
45 60
2549-2550
15
30
45
60
1.
6.2
5.0
4.4
3.0
2.
7.5
7.5
5.0
7.5
1
7.5
8.7
8.7
10.02
4. ametryn
5.6
8.11
8.7
8.1
5. paraquat
6.2
5.6
6.22
6.22
6.
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
7.
0
0
0
0
1.
6.8
5.6
6.2
6.2
2.
6.2
5.6
5.6
5.0
1
8.7
10.0
10.0
10.0
1
4. ametryn
8.1
8.7
9.3
8.7
5. paraquat
6.8
6.8
6.8
6.2
6.
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
7.
0
0
0
0
0 10
(

)
1
(mode of action)
2

21
6

2549- 2550
1.
2.
4. ametryn
5. paraquat
6.
7.
7.1
7.2
7.4
7.0
7.5
7.5
6.7
()
()
18.4
1.9
14.0
18.1
1.8
14.1
14.9
1.7
11.5
19.1
2.1
15.9
19.6
1.8
15.5
18.0
1.9
15.1
17.9
1.8
12.6
CV (b) %
12.6
10.4
9.5
18.0
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
x
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns = * = (p<0.05) ** = (p<0.01)
1

22

15 30 45 60
2549- 2550

15
30
45
1.
0
0
0
2.
0
0
0
1
0
1.0
0
4. ametryn
0
0
0
5. paraquat
1.0
0
0
6.
0
0
0
7.
0
0
0
1.
0
0
0
2.
0
0
0
0
0
0
4. ametryn
0
0
0
5. paraquat
2.0
0
0
6.
0
0
0
7.
0
0
0
0 10
( )
60
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
23
8 (efficacy)
15 30
45 60
2549-2550
15
30
45
60
1.
6.5
5.0
0
0
2.
6.5
3.0
0
0
1
2.5
0
2.0
0
4. ametryn
1.0
0
0
0
5. paraquat
1.0
0
0
0
6.
10.0
9.0
5.2
2.0
7.
0
0
0
0
1.
6.2
5.0
0
0
2.
7.0
3.0
0
0
1.0
0
0
0
4. ametryn
1.0
0
0
0
5. paraquat
1.0
0
0
0
6.
10.0
7.0
4.1
3.2
7.
0
0
0
0
0 10
(

)
1

(mode of action)
24
9

2549-2550
()
)
1.
3.2
40.1
2.0
5.8
2.
3.2
34.7
2.2
6.1
3.2
38.0
1.9
4.8
4. ametryn
2.5
36.6
1.9
4.8
5. paraquat
2.2
33.4
1.9
3.0
6.
4.9
38.4
2.3
7.6
7.
2.6
34.6
1.8
3.6
CV (b) %
24..8
20.3
14.9
37.4
ns
ns
ns
ns
**
ns
ns
**
x
*
ns
ns
ns
ns = * = (p<0.05) ** = (p<0.01)
1

25

Eco2 fume
Efficacy Test of Methyl Bromide and Eco2 fume for Controlling
Mealybug in Mangosteen

60 x 60 x 60
RCB 4 5 22, 24, 26 28
90 24
28 100
22, 24 26
91.25, 98.35 92.22
100 3
100
28
30 120 100
3 Eco2 fume
07-01-49-01-01-01-01-49
26

2 Pseudococcus cryptus Hempel
Planococcus minor Maskell

Eco2 fume

1. Pseudococcus cryptus Hempel Planococcus minor

Maskell
2.
3. 60x60x60 4
4. 50x100x100 2
5. 1
6. Eco2 fume 1
7.
8. 50x50x60 6
9. Petri dish
10.
11.
27
2
1
RCB 4 5
1 22
90
2 24
90
3 26
90
4 28
90
5
1.74 x 1.13 .
10 50
1 1 4

10
5 10
90
1, 2, 3, 6, 24 48 4
2 Eco2 fume
RCB 4 6
1 Eco2 fume 40 / 5
120
2 Eco2 fume 40 / 10
120
3 Eco2 fume 40 / 20
120
4 Eco2 fume 40 / 30
120
28
5 Eco2 fume 40 / 60
120
6
1.74 x 1.13 .
10 60 1
10
Eco2 fume 6
10 120 30
0, 3, 6, 12, 24
48
2549 2551

1
60x60x60 4
RCB 4 5 1 1
28
44.07
26 24 29.74 21.45
2 28
73.81
29
26 48.15
3 28
79.97
26, 24 22
52.12, 40.53, 26.37
6 28
91.88
24 67.11
24 28
100
26, 24 22
92.22 , 98.35 91.25
5.05
48 28 24
100
26 22
97.86 98.83
28
1 100
100 1

2
24, 26, 28 30
28 30
120 100 3
30
3
4 90 100
3 2
2 Eco2 fume
5, 10, 20, 30 60 40
120
50x100x100 2
RCB 4 6
4 1 (1 )
10 10 Eco2 fume 5, 10, 20,
30 60 40 120
100 0, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48
120
5 100
48
Eco2 fume
Eco2 fume
31
60x60x60 RCB 4 5
22, 24, 26 28
90 1, 2, 3, 6, 24 48
28
100 24
26, 24 22 92.22, 98.35
91.25 100
3
28 30 120
100 3
Eco2 fume
50x100x100 RCB 4 6
5,10, 20, 30 60 40
120 0, 3, 6,12, 24
48 1 100 %
3, 6,12, 24 48

Eco2 fume
1.
2. Eco2 fume
32
1 60 x 60 x 60
2 50 x 100 x 100 Eco2 fume
33
1
2549
% 1/
()
()
1
2
3
6
24
1. 22 /
100
90
10.84 bc
20.23 cd
26.37 bc
45.42 b
91.25 a
2. 24 /
100
90
21.45 abc 32.85 bc
40.53 b
67.11 ab
98.35 a
3. 26 /
100
90
29.74 ab
48.15 ab
52.12 b
57.61 b
92.22 a
4. 28 /
100
90
44.07 a
73.81 a
79.97 a
91.88 a
100.00 a
5.
100
0.00 c
0.00 c
0.00 c
1.28 c
5.05 b
CV (%)
77.78
36.90
33.30
40.00
9.50
1/
4 , 95% DMRT
48
98.83 a
100.00 a
97.86 a
100.00 a
5.44 b
3.40
33
2
2550
% 1/
()
()
1
3
6
24
48
1. 24 /
100
120
96
98.5
100
100
100
2. 26/
100
120
96.5
99.5
100
100
100
3. 28 /
100
120
98
100
100
100
100
4. 30 /
100
120
100
100
100
100
100
5.
100
0
0
0
0
0
1/
2
34
34
3
2550
% 1/
()
()
2 2/
3
6
24
48
1 2/
1. 22 /
68
90
100
100
100
100
2. 24 /
34
90
100
100
100
100
3. 26 /
96
90
100
100
100
100
4. 28 /
83
90
100
100
100
100
1/
1
2/
4 Eco2 fume
2550
% 1/
/ 40 /
()
0
3
6
12
24
48
Eco2 fume ()
1. 5
100
120
100
100
100
100
100
100
2. 10
100
120
100
100
100
100
100
100
3. 20
100
120
100
100
100
100
100
100
4. 30
100
120
100
100
100
100
100
100
5. 60
100
120
100
100
100
100
100
100
6.
100
0
0
0
0
0
0
1/
1
35
Eco2 fume
Efficacy Test of Methyl Bromide and Eco2 fume for Controlling

Cotton Thrips in Orchid

60 x 60 x 60
RCB 4 5 14, 16, 18 20
90 20
100
3 20
90 100 3
Eco2 fume
07-01-49-01-01-01-01-49
36

10

(Thrips palmi Karny)
Thysanoptera Thripidae

20 90
3 (,2534)

Eco2 fume

1. Thrips palmi Karny

2.
3. 60x60x60 4
4. 50x100x100 2
5. 1
37
6. Eco2 fume 1
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
2
1
RCB 4 5
1 14
90
2 16
90
3 18
90
4 20
90
5

10 50 1
4
5

5 5
90
1, 3, 24 48
5

4
38
2 Eco2 fume
RCB 4 6
1 Eco2 fume 40 / 5
120
2 Eco2 fume 40 / 10
120
3 Eco2 fume 40 / 20
120
4 Eco2 fume 40 / 30
120
5 Eco2 fume 40 / 60
120
6

10 50
1
5
Eco2 fume 6 5
120 -150 30
0, 3, 6,12, 24 48
5
4
2549 2551

39
1
60x60x60 4
RCB 4 5 2
1 1
20 78.23 14, 16, 18
10.73, 14.02 20.55
3 20 100
14, 16, 18
46.73, 52.09 74.66 24 48
14, 16, 18 100, 100 99

2 1 20
72.45 14, 16, 18
2.08, 14.48 14.63 3
20 100
14, 16, 18 50.42,
59.46 65.60 24 48
14, 16, 18 98.96-100, 100 100

3
4 5
14, 16, 18 20

4, 5, 6, 7 8 10, 50, 50, 100 100

2 Eco2 fume
5, 10, 20, 30 60 40
120
50x100x100 2
40
RCB 4 6 1 4
0 () Eco2 fume
5, 10, 20, 30 60 40 120
100 3,12, 24, 48
72
5 0 ()
Eco2 fume 5, 10, 20, 30 60 40
120 100
3,12, 24, 48 72
6 Eco2 fume 60
40 120 10
6 Eco2 fume 30 40
120 10 40
56 Eco2 fume 20
10 40 8 10
Eco2 fume 10, 5 100
8 15, 75 100
3 ,4 5

Eco2 fume

10 20
50x100x100 Eco2 fume 2
Eco2 fume 30 Eco2 fume 60 2
40 120
2 4
7
41

Eco2 fume Eco2 fume

60x60x60 RCB 4 5
14, 16, 18 20
90 1, 3, 24 48
20 100
3 20

14, 16,18 100
24

Eco2 fume
50x100x100 RCB 4 6
5,10, 20, 30 60 40
120 0, 3, 12, 24 , 48
72 1
100
3, 12, 24, 48 72
Eco2 fume 100
60 40
120 10 6
Eco2 fume
5 Eco2 fume

42
1.
2. Eco2 fume
, , , , ,

, . 2534,
:
. 525 542.
12 . 28 31 2543 ,
.
43
1 60 x 60 x 60
2 50 x 100 x 100 Eco2 fume
44
14 /
16 /
18 /
20 /
()
50
50
50
50
50
()
90
90
90
90
-
% 1/
1
3
24
48
10.73
46.73
100
100
14.09
52.09
100
100
20.55
74.66
99
99
78.23
100
100
100
0
0
0
0
44
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
1/
2
2

% 1/
()
()
1
3
24
48
1. 14 /
50
90
2.08
50.42
98.96
100
2. 16 /
50
90
14.48
59.46
100
100
3. 18 /
50
90
14.63
65.60
100
100
4. 20 /
50
90
72.45
100
100
100
5.
50
0
0
0
0
1/
2
45
8
0
0
0
0
100
45
% 1/
()
()
()
1 3
4
5
6
7
1. 14 /
20
90
20
0
0
0
0
0
2. 16 /
20
90
20
0
0
0
0
0
3. 18 /
20
90
20
0
0
0
0
0
4. 20 /
20
90
20
0
0
0
0
0
5.
20
20
0
10
50
50
100
1/
1
4 Eco2 fume

% 1/
()
()
0
3
12
24
48
72
1. 5
50
120
100
100
100
100
100
100
2. 10
50
120
100
100
100
100
100
100
3. 20
50
120
100
100
100
100
100
100
4. 30
50
120
100
100
100
100
100
100
5. 60
50
120
100
100
100
100
100
100
6.
50
1/
1
6
100
100
100
100
100
46
6
100
100
100
100
100
0
46
5 Eco2 fume

% 1/
()
()
0
3
12
24
48
72
1. 5
50
120
100
100
100
100
100
100
2. 10
50
120
100
100
100
100
100
100
3. 20
50
120
100
100
100
100
100
100
4. 30
50
120
100
100
100
100
100
100
5. 60
50
120
100
100
100
100
100
100
6.
50
0
0
0
0
0
0
1/
1
6 Eco2 fume 1

% 1/
()
()
1-2
3
4
5
6
8
1. 5
20
120
0
0
0
0
0
100
2. 10
20
120
0
0
0
0
0
100
3. 20
20
120
0
0
0
0
0
10.0
4. 30
20
120
0
0
0
10.0
40.0
40.0
5. 60
20
120
0
0
0
0
10.0
10.0
6.
20
0
15.0
75.0
100
100
100
1/
1
10
100
100
40.0
40.0
10.0
100
47
Efficacy of Insecticides and Natural Extracts

for Controlling Important Insect Pests of Tangerine

, Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton

2 2549 2551
RCB 4 7 petroleum spray oil (SK99 Enspray
83.9%) 40 , thiamethoxam (Actara 25WG 25 % WG) 5 ,
imidacloprid (Provado 70 % WG) 0.5 , clothianidin (Dantosu 16 % WSG)
5 , flufenoxuron (Cascade5%EC) ( 1) 6 , imidacloprid
(Confidor 100 SL 10 % SL)( 2) 8 20
petroleum spray
oil (SK99 Enspray 83.9 %) 40 clothianidin (Dantosu 16 % WSG)
5 20 1.80 4.75
imidacloprid (provado 70% WG) 0.5 thiamethoxam (Actara 25WG 25%
WG) 5 20
0.51 6.25

, Scirtothrips
dorsalis Hood
07-01-49-01-01-01-03-49
48
2549 2551
RCB 4 7 dinotefuran (Starkle 10 %
WP) 40 , acetamiprid (Molan 20 % SP) 5 , clothianidin (Dantosu 16 %
WSG) 5 , fipronil (Ascend 5 % SC) 10 , carbosulfan (Posse 20 %
EC) 40 , imidacloprid (Confidor 100 SL 10% SL) () 10
20
clothianidin (Dantosu 16 % WSG) 5 , dinotefuran (Starkle 10
% WP) 40 acetamiprid (Molan 20 % SP) 5 carbosulfan (Posse
20 % EC) 40 20 4.75, 16.00,
3.75 3.50

, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama
2550 RCB 4 7
petroleum spray oil ( SK 99 Enspray 83.9%) 60
, dinotefuran (Starkle 10 % WP) 4 , clothianidin (Dantosu 16 % WSG)
1 , lambda-cyhalothrin (Karate Zeon 2.5 % CS) 15 ,
thiamethoxam/ lambda-cyhalothrin (Engeo 247 SC14.1 % / 10.6 % SC) 4 ,
imidacloprid (Confidor 100 SL 10% SL) 8 20 ()

dinotefuran (Starkle 10 % WP) 4 , clothianidin (Dantosu 16 %
WSG) 1 , thiamethoxam / lambda-cyhalothrin (Engeo 247 SC14.1% / 10.6 %
SC) 4 lambda-cyhalothrin (Karate Zeon 2.5% CS) 15
20 1.60, 1.13, 1.50 1.50
petroleum spray oil (SK 99 Enspray 83.9%) 60 20

1.80
: , Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton ,

Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood , Diaphorina citri Kuwayama

49

2545-2548

(2550)
338,114 5
2,428
/

(2547)
imidacloprid flufenoxuron petroleum spray oil
abamectin
Neonicotinoid imidacloprid thiametoxam acetamiprid
dinotefuran clothianidin

postsynaptic nicotinergic
acetylcholine receptors (The Royal Society of Chemistry, 1999)
50
(class II) (class III)
(Annonemous, 2008)
lambda-cyhalothrin Pyrethroid
sodium channels axon

(Syngenta, 2000)
fipronil Phenylpyrazoles
(GABA-gated
chloride channel antagonist)
(The Royal Society of
Chemistry, 1999)
carbosulfan Carbamate

cholinesterase (The
Royal Society of Chemistry, 1999)
petroleum spray oil
(C) 24
(
, )
(Beattie and
Hardy, 2005)
51
1.
1.
2.
- petroleum spray oil 99% (SK99 Enspray 83.9%)
- thiamethoxam (Actara 25WG 25% WG)
- imidacloprid (Provado 70%WG)
- clothianidain (Dantosu 16% WSG)
- flufenoxuron (Cascade5%EC)
- imidacloprid (Confidor 100SL 10% SL)
3.
4. /
5.
6. ,
RCB 7 4 1
1 3 (1) petroleum spray oil (SK99 Enspray 83.9%)
40 (2) thiamethoxam (Actara 25WG 25% WG) 5 (3) imidacloprid
(Provado 70%WG) 0.5 (4) clothianidin (Dantosu 16% WSG) 5
20 flufenoxuron (Cascade5%EC) 6 (
1) imidacloprid (Confidor 100SL 10% SL) 8 20
( 2) 28
1.5 2 2549 2551
7 2 20-30

10 ( 4 )
3 7

52
(Phytotoxicity)
1 - 2549
2 - 2551

2.
1.
2.
- dinotefuran (Starkle 10%WP)
- acetamiprid (Molan 20%SP)
- clothianidin (Dantosu 16% WSG)
- fipronil (Ascend 5% SC)
- carbosulfan (Posse 20%EC)
3.
4. / /
5.
6. ,
RCB 7 4 1
5 (1) dinotefuran (Starkle 10%WP) 40 (2) acetamiprid (Molan
20%SP) 5 (3) clothianidin (Dantosu 16% WSG) 5 (4) fipronil (Ascend
5% SC) 10 (5) carbosulfan (Posse 20%EC) 40 20
imidacloprid (Confidor 100SL10% SL) 10 / 20
28
1.5 1.0 2549 2551
7 2 20-30%

10 / 3, 5 7
53

(Phytotoxicity )
1 2549
2 2551
3.
1.
2.
- petroleum spray oil (SK99 Enspray 83.9 %)
- dinotefuran (Starkle 10 % WP)
- clothianidin (Dantosu 16 % WSG)
- lambdacyhalothrin (Karate Zeon 2.5 % CS)
- thiamethoxam/ lambda-cyhalothrin (Engeo 247
SC
14.1% /10.6%SC Efforia
14.1%/10.6% ZC )
- imidacloprid (Confidor 100SL
10% SL)
3.
4. / /
5.
6. ,
RCB 7 4 1
1 4 (1) petroleum spray oil (SK 99 Enspray 83.9%)
60 (2) dinotefuran (Starkle 10%WP) 4 (3) clothianidin (Dantosu 16% WSG)
1 (4) lambda-cyhalothrin (Karate Zeon 2.5% CS) 15 (5)
thiamethoxam/ lambda-cyhalothrin (Engeo 247 SC14.1%/10.6% SC) 4 20
imidacloprid (Confidor 100 SL 10% SL) 8 20
54
28
2.0 7 2

5 10
3, 5 7
(Phytotoxicity)
- 2550

1.
2
1 ( 1)
2.93-3.60

1 3 1 flufenoxuron
5% EC 6 2 imidacloprid 10% SL 8
20 0.63 0.40

imidacloprid 70 % WG 0.5 clothianidin 16%WSG 5
thiametoxam 25 % WG 5 20 0.43, 0.45 0.53

2 petroleum spray oil 83.9% 40
20 1.30
1

flufenoxuron 5%EC 6 20
0.40-1.30
3.58
55
1 7 1 flufenoxuron
5%EC 6 2 imidacloprid 10%SL 8 20
0.75 0.60

thiametoxam 25 % WG 5 clothianidin 16 % WSG 5 imidacloprid
70 % WG 0.5 20 0.23, 0.23 0.80

2 imidacloprid 10 % SL 8 20
petroleum spray oil 83.9 % 40 20
1.70
1 2
0.23-1.70

2.90
2 3 1 flufenoxuron
5%EC 6 2 imidacloprid 10 % SL 8
20 0.65 0.23

clothianidin 16%WSG 5 thiametoxam 25 % WG 5 imidacloprid
70 % WG 0.5 20 0.18, 0.43 0.58

1 2 petroleum
spray oil 83.9 % 40 20 0.95
1 flufenoxuron 5 % EC
2 imidacloprid 10 % SL
0.18-0.95
2.75
2 7 1 flufenoxuron 5
% EC 6 2 imidacloprid 10 % SL 8
20 0.23 0.25
56
thiametoxam
25 % WG 5 clothianidin 16 % WSG 5 20 petroleum
spray oil 83.9% 40 20 0.15, 0.45 0.48

1 2
imidacloprid 70%WG 0.5 20 0.95
1 2
0.15-0.48
2.30
7
1 flufenoxuron 5 % EC 6
3.75 7.50 clothianidin
16 % WSG 5 thiametoxam 25%WG 5 imidacloprid 70%WG
0.5 20 2.38, 2.70 9.88
1 2
petroleum spray oil 83.9% 40 20
31.50
1 flufenoxuron 5%EC 6 20

56.50
2 ( 2)
3.40-5.27

1 3 petroleum spray oil 83.9 %
40 clothianidin 16 % WSG 5 imidacloprid 70 % WG
0.5 20 0.03, 0.10 0.43
57

0.13
thiametoxam 25 % WG 5 20
1.00 0.10-1.00

4.35
1 7 clothianidin 16 % WSG 5
petroleum spray oil 83.9 % 40 imidacloprid 70 % WG 0.5
1 flufenoxuron 5 % EC 6 20
0.03, 0.13, 0.20 0.18
2 imidacloprid 10 % SL
8 20 0.13
thiametoxam 25 % WG 5 20 0.43
2 imidacloprid 10 % SL 8
20 0.03-0.43
3.25
petroleum spray oil 83.9 % 40 imidacloprid 70 % WG 0.5
thiametoxam 25 % WG 5 20 0.00, 0.03, 0.08
0.33
0.18 0.43 0.00-0.43

2.48
2 7
2 3 clothianidin 16 % WSG 5 petroleum
58
spray oil 83.9 % 40 imidacloprid 70 % WG 0.5 thiametoxam
25 % WG 5 20 0.10, 0.15, 0.25 0.38

2 imidacloprid 10 % SL 8 20 0.45 0.25
0.10-0.45
2.23
2 petroleum spray oil 83.9 % 40

20
1
petroleum spray oil 83.9% 1
1.5
2 2.5
2.0 petroleum spray oil

7
clothianidin 16 % WSG 5 20
2.13 petroleum
spray oil 83.9 % 40 2 imidacloprid 10 % SL 8
20 3.63 4.00
1 flufenoxuron 5 % EC 6 imidacloprid
70 % WG 0.5 thiametoxam 25 % WG 5 20
7.25, 7.38 8.00
2
petroleum spray oil 83.9 % 40
clothianidin 16 % WSG 5 imidacloprid 70 % WG 0.5
20 thiametoxam 25 % WG 5 20
59

2 ( 3)
6-10 17
petroleum spray oil 83.9% imidacloprid
70%WG 1 flufenoxuron 5%EC 2, 1 2

5
(, 2551) petroleum spray oil 83.9 % 40
20
1.80 imidacloprid 10 % SL
flufenoxuron 5 % EC 4.00 2.70
petroleum spray oil 83.9 % 4.75
imidacloprid 70 % WG 0.5 thiametoxam 25 % WG
5 20
0.51 6.25 ( 4)
petroleum
spray oil 83.9 % 40 20

1.80

petroleum spray oil
(Beattie and Hardy, 2005)
- 2 3
-
-
- 1-2
-
-
60
-
- captan carbaryl
chlorothalonil dinocap folpet binapacryl oxythioquinox prapagite dimethoate

- 1
- 2
imidacloprid 70 % WG 0.5 20

0.51
1 20
2.
2
1 ( 5)
2.78-3.63

fipronil 5 % SC 10 20
0.25 0.28
imidacloprid 10 % SL
10 20 0.90
dinotefuran 10 % WP 40
carbosulfan 20%EC 40 20 0.35
0.35 0.25-1.10
2.10
1 5 fipronil 5% SC 10
0.28 0.73
imidacloprid 10 % SL 10
61
0.38 acetamiprid 20 % SP 5 ,
carbosulfan 20 % EC 40 dinotefuran 10 % WP 40 20
0.93, 0.95 1.18

imidacloprid 10% SL 10 20
0.28-1.18
2.05
1 7
fipronil 5 % SC 10 20 0.70
clothianidin 16% WSG 5

imidacloprid 10% SL 10 20 1.25 1.38

2.48
clothianidin 16% WSG 5 dinotefuran 10 % WP 40
carbosulfan 20 % EC 40 acetamiprid 20 % SP 5 20
0.03, 0.03, 0.03, 0.28 0.30

imidacloprid 10% SL 10 20 0.15
0.03-0.30

2.30
clothianidin 16 % WSG 5 dinotefuran 10 % WP 40 20
0.07, 0.64 1.14
10 20 0.43
3.39
dinotefuran 10%WP 40 clothianidin 16% WSG 5
62
20 0.42, 0.83 0.95
imidacloprid 10 % SL 10 20 0.72
4.12
2 ( 6)
2.52-3.20

1 3 imidacloprid 10
% SL 10 20 0.03

clothianidin 16 % WSG acetamiprid 20% SP dinotefuran 10 % WP 5, 5 40
20 carbosulfan 20 % EC 40 20
0.08, 0.20, 0.28 0.15
fipronil 5 %
SC 10 20 0.33 3.15

1 5 7
1 3 dinotefuran 10 % WP
acetamiprid 20 % SP clothianidin 16 % WSG 40, 5 5 20
carbosulfan 20 % EC 40 20
5 0.28, 0.18, 0.28 0.18
7 0.80, 0.68, 0.38 0.68
10 20 5 7 0.30 0.68
1 5 7 0.90 1.45
63

3.63 3.53
2 3 acetamiprid 20 % SP
dinotefuran 10 % WP clothianidin 16 % WSG carbosulfan 20 % EC fipronil 5 % SC
5 , 40 , 5 , 40 10 20 0.03,
0.05, 0.10, 0.18 0.35
imidacloprid 10 % SL 10
20 0.18
3.15
2 5 acetamiprid 20 % SP clothianidin
16 % WSG dinotefuran 10 %WP 5, 5, 40 carbosulfan 20 % EC 40
20 0.03, 0.23, 0.30 0.18
imidacloprid 10 % SL 10 20
0.30
0.70
3.78
2 7 clothianidin 16 % WSG
carbosulfan 20 % EC acetamiprid 20 % SP dinotefuran 10 % WP fipronil 5 % SC
0.15, 0.20, 0.23, 0.30 0.85

0.28
2.63
2

64
clothianidin 16 % WSG 5 dinotefuran 10 % WP 40 acetamiprid 20 %
SP 5 carbosulfan 20 % EC 40 20
fipronil 5 % SC 10 20 1


(2548)

endosulfan dicofol tetradifon fipronil dimethoate malathion cypermethrin
carbosulfan carbaryl methomyl
fipronil
2

clothianidin 16 % WSG fipronil 5 % SC 2 1

5
(, 2551)
clothianidin 16 % WSG 5 acetamiprid 20 % SP 5
carbosulfan 20 % EC 40 20 4.75,
3.75 3.50 imidacloprid 10 % SL
10 20 5.00
dinotefuran 10%WP 40 20

16.00 ( 7)
65
3.
2
1
( 8) 1
3.10-6.18
1 3 5 dinotefuran 10 % WP
lambda-cyhalothrin 2.5 % CS thiamethoxam / lambda-cyhalothrin 14.1 % / 10.6 %
SC 4 , 15 , 4 3
1.00, 1.43, 0.60 5 0.88, 0.98 1.08
8 1.78 0.30

5.38 5.63 7
dinotefuran 10 % WP 0.15

3.55
2 3
0.03 - 0.90
2.55 2 5 7
dinotefuran 10 % WP clothianidin 16 % WSG lambda-cyhalothrin 2.5 % CS
thiamethoxam/ lambda-cyhalothrin 14.1 % / 10.6 % SC 4 , 1 , 15
4 5 0.00, 0.13, 0.30, 0.15
7 0.00, 0.05, 0.00 0.00

imidacloprid 10% SL 8

1.28 1.85

66

( 9) 1
3.85-7.68
1 3
dinotefuran 10 % WP clothianidin 16 % WSG 4 1 20
0.00 0.13
petroleum spray oil 83.9% 60
20 1.58

lambda-cyhalothrin 2.5 % CS thiamethoxam/ lambda-cyhalothrin 14.1 % / 10.6 % SC
imidacloprid 10 % SL 15, 4 8
0.35, 0.50 0.35
4.80 1 5 7
dinotefuran 10% WP clothianidin 16% WSG
lambda-cyhalothrin 2.5% CS thiamethoxam / lambda-cyhalothrin 14.1%/10.6 % SC
5 0.08, 0.20, 0.05, 0.38
7 0.33, 1.33, 0.55 1.68

5 7 0.05 0.88

petroleum spray oil 83.9% 5 7 2.90 5.15

5 7 5.55 7.68
2 3, 5 7

dinotefuran 10 % WP clothianidin 16 % WSG lambdacyhalothrin 2.5 % CS thiamethoxam/ lambda-cyhalothrin 14.1 % / 10.6 % SC
67
imidacloprid 10% SL 4 , 1 , 15 , 4 8
20 0.00-0.35, 0.08-0.98, 0.00-0.50, 0.15-0.35 0.15-0.65

3, 5 7 2.78-2.88

3, 5 7 9.63-12.20

( 12)
7-12 13
1 (2536 2544) 16
2
(Araneus sp.) (Evarcha sp.)

2
( 10)
4.33-6.18
1
1 3 thiamethoxam/ lambda-cyhalothrin 14.1 % /
10.6 % SC 4 20 0.85
3.78 1 5
0.05-0.68
1.03 1
7 dinotefuran 10 % WP
clothianidin 16 % WSG thiamethoxam/ lambda-cyhalothrin 14.1 % / 10. 6% SC
4 , 1 4 20 0.20, 0.03 0.08
68

2.33
2 3 0.001.05
4.55
2 5 thiamethoxam / lambda-cyhalothrin
14.1 % / 10.6 % SC lambda-cyhalothrin 2.5 % CS clothianidin 16 % WSG 4
, 15 1 20 0.00, 0.63 1.08

imidacloprid 10% SL 8
0.13
3.78 5.10
2 7 thiamethoxam/ lambda-cyhalothrin 14.1 % /
10.6 % SC imidacloprid 10% SL 0.00
0.08
dinotefuran 10% WP petroleum spray oil 83.9%
3.25, 3.53 3.53

3

( 11) 1
9.90-14.85
1 3, 5 7

5.68-12.03 1
3 dinotefuran 10%WP
clothianidin 16 % WSG lambda-cyhalothrin 2.5% CS thiamethoxam/ lambdacyhalothrin 14.1% /10.6 % SC 4 , 1 , 15 4 20
69
0.95, 0.23, 1.08 1.15

1.58
petroleum spray oil 83. 9% 60
20 3.68 8.98
1 5 7 dinotefuran
10 % WP thiamethoxam / lambda-cyhalothrin 14.1 % / 10.6 % SC
5 1.33 1.03 7 0.20 0.28
clothianidin 16 % WSG lambda-cyhalothrin

2.5% CS imidacloprid 10 % SL
5 2.90, 3.38 2.33 7 1.05, 1.13 1.23
petroleum spray oil 83.9%

1 3 5 1.73-4.63 5.68-12.03
2 3 5

4.80 4.03
thiamethoxam /lambda-cyhalothrin 14.1 % / 10.6 %
SC 4 20

dinotefuran 10 % WP clothianidin 16 % WSG lambda-cyhalothrin 2.5 %
CS imidacloprid 10 % SL 4 , 1 , 15 8
20 2 3 0.00, 0.05, 0.01
0.05 5 0.28, 0.33, 1.03 0.03
petroleum spray oil 83.9 % 60 20

2 3 5 1.30 1.48
2 7
dinotefuran 10 % WP clothianidin 16 % WSG lambda-cyhalothrin 2.5 % CS
70
thiamethoxam/ lambda-cyhalothrin 14.1 % /10.6 % SC 0.35, 0.00, 1.35 0.00

imidacloprid 10% SL
petroleum spray oil 83.9% 0.50 1.50
3.65
1 7

11
1-4
2 7 3.65
2
dinoterfuran 10 % WP clothianidin 16 % WSG lambda-cyhalothrin 2.5 % CS
thiamethoxam/ lambda-cyhalothrin 14.1 % / 10.6 % 4 , 1 , 15
4 20
imidacloprid 8 20 petroleum spray oil
83.9% 60 20

( 12)

2-6
9 dinotefuran 10% WP clothianidin 16
% WSG lambda-cyhalothrin 2.5 % CS thiamethoxam/ lambda-cyhalothrin 14.1 % / 10.6 %
SC imidacloprid 10 % SL petroleum spray oil 83.9%
1, 3, 1 ,1, 2 4 11
(2539) Menochilus sexmaculatus
71
(Fabr.)
5
(, 2551) clothianidin 16 % WSG 1
20 1.13
lambda-cyhalothrin 2.5 % CS thiamethoxam/ lambda-cyhalothrin 14.1 % / 10.6 % SC
dinotefuran 10 % WP petroleum spray oil 83.9 % imidacloprid 10 %
SL 15 , 4 , 4 , 60 8 20
1.50, 1.50, 1.60, 1.80 4.00
( 13)

z petroleum spray oil
83.9 % 40 clothianidin 16 % WSG 16 % WSG 5 20
1.80 4.75 imidacloprid 70 %
WG 0.5 thiamethoxam 25 % WG 5 20
0.51 6.25

petroleum spray oil 83.9 %

petroleum spray oil

1
z clothianidin
(Dantosu 16 % WSG) 5 , dinotefuran (Starkle 10 % WP) 40
acetamiprid (Molan 20 % SP) 5 carbosulfan (Posse 20 % EC) 40
20 imidacloprid 10 % SL 10
72
20 4.75, 16.00, 3.75 3.50

z dinotefuran 10 %
WP 4 clothianidin 16 % WSG 1 lambda-cyhalothrin 2.5 % CS
15 thiamethoxam/lambda-cyhalothrin 14.1% / 10.6 % SC 4
20 imidacloprid 10% SL 8 20

petroleum spray oil

1
petroleum spray oil 83.9 % dinotefuran 10 %WP clothianidin 16 % WSG
lambda-cyhalothrin 2.5% CS thiamethoxam/ lambda-cyhalothrin 14.1 % / 10.6 % SC
1.80, 1.64, 1.13, 1.50 1.50
imidacloprid 10 % SL 4.00

(class II) imidacloprid 70%
WG acetamiprid 20%SP carbosalfan 20%EC fipronil 5%SC lambda-cyhalothrin
2.5% CS (class III) clothiadinin 16% WSG thaiametoxam
25%WG dinoterfuran10 %WP petroleum spray oil

73
74
. 2547. 2547.
.
, . 284 .
. 2551. 2551.
.
, . 294 .
. . 99 .
. .. .
. 2539. - .
. 97 .
. 2536.
. ... 15(1) : 20-35.
. 2544. . ... 15(4) : 221-229.
.
2548. .
653-667. 7 2-4
2548 ..
. 2550. 2550. .
. 97
Annonemous. (2008). Neonicotinoids. Retrieved October 8, 2008 from the World Wide
Web :http://en.wikipedia.org/Neonocotinoids
Beattie, A and S. Hardy. (2005). Using petroleum based spray oils in oils in citrus.
Retrieved October, 20, 2008 from the World Wide Web :
http://www.dpi.nsw.gov.au/_data/assets /pdf_file/ 0009/137646/petroleumsprays-citrus-pdf
75
Helbert, S.E. and K.L.Manjunath. 2004. Asian citrus psyllids (Sternorrhyncha : Psyllidae)
and greening disease of citrus : A literature review and assessment of risk in
Florida. Florida Entomologist 87(3) : 330-353.
The Royal Society of Chemistry. 1999. Metabolic Pathways of Agrochemicals Part 2 :
Insecticides and Fungicides. (Eds. Roberts,T.R. and Hutson, D.H.) MPG Books
Ltd, UK. 1472 pp.
Syngenta. 2000. Karate with zeon technology creating the new standard. Syngenta
Group Company. 25 pp.
1 , Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton

- 2549
CV (%)
R.E.(%)
1/
()
40
3.25
1.30 b1/
1.70 c
0.95 b
0.48 ab
31.50 c
5
0.5
5
6
8
3.23
2.93
3.60
3.18
2.93
3.13
0.53 a
0.43 a
0.45 a
0.63 ab
0.40 a
3.58 c
0.23 a
0.80 b
0.23 a
0.75 b
0.60 ab
2.90 d
0.43 ab
0.58 ab
0.18 a
0.65 ab
0.23 a
2.75 c
0.15 a
0.95 b
0.45 ab
0.25 a
0.23 a
2.30 c
2.70 a
9.88 b
2.38 a
7.50 ab
3.75 ab
56.50 d
22.7
-
51.8
-
38.1
-
42.3
42.4
51.1
44.0
44.9
-
95% DMRT
76
petroleum spray oil (SK 99 Enspray

83.9%)
thiametoxam (Actara 25WG 25%WG)
imidacloprid (Provado 70%WG)
clothianidin (Dantosu 16% WSG)
flufenoxuron (Cascade5%EC)
imidacloprid (Confidor 100SL 10% SL)
()
1 () 2 ()
(, ./ 20 )
3
7
3
7
2 , Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton

- 2551
CV (%)
R.E.(%)
1/
()
1 () 2 ()
3
7
3
7
()
40
4.25 abc
0.03 a
0.13 a
0.03 a
0.15 a
3.63 ab
5
0.5
5
6
8
4.12 abc
4.37 abc
4.60 bc
3.40 a
3.85 ab
5.27 c
1.00 c
0.43 b
0.10 a
0.20 b
0.13 ab
4.35 d
0.43 b
0.20 ab
0.03 a
0.18 ab
0.13 a
3.25 c
0.33 a
0.08 a
0.00 a
0.18 a
0.43 a
2.48 b
0.38 a
0.25 a
0.10 a
0.45 a
0.25 a
2.23 b
8.00 c
7.38 c
2.13 a
7.25 bc
4.00 abc
63.00 d
16.6
-
30.1
106.7
40.6
84.9
57.7
17.9
48.8
17.3
33.6
-
95% DMRT
77

83.9%)
(, ./ 20 )
78
3 2
- 2551

83.9%)
2
()
()
8
10
8
6
8
8
17
1
2
-
4 ,
Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton

83.9%)
1/
(, ./ 20 )
1/
(//)
40
1.80
5
0.5
5
6
8
6.25
0.51
4.75
2.70
4.00
2551 5
5 , Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood

2549
CV (%)
R.E.(%)
1/
40
5
5
10
40
10
()
1 ()
2 ()
3
5
7
3
5
7
3.25
3.63
3.08
2.88
3.13
3.15
2.78
0.35 ab1/
1.10 c
0.25 a
0.28 a
0.35 ab
0.90 bc
2.10 d
1.18 b
0.93 b
0.73 ab
0.28 a
0.95 b
0.38 a
2.05 c
1.98 b
2.08 b
1.25 ab
0.70 a
2.23 b
1.38 ab
2.48 b
0.03 a
0.30 a
0.03 a
0.03 a
0.28 a
0.15 a
2.30 b
1.14 b
1.45 bc
0.64 ab
0.07 a
1.51 bc
0.38 ab
3.39 c
0.83 a
1.53 abc
0.95 ab
0.42 a
2.94 bc
0.72 a
4.12 c
30.7
-
51.0
-
43.5
-
58.2
-
73.3
83.4
97.4
89.4
109.4
98.3
95% DMRT
79
dinotefuran (Starkle 10%WP)

acetamiprid (Molan 20%SP)
fipronil (Ascend 5% SC)
carbosulfan (Posse 20%EC)
(, ./ 20 )
6 , Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood

2551
CV (%)
R.E.(%)
1/
40
5
5
10
40
10
()
1 ()
2 ()
3
5
7
3
5
7
2.85
2.75
3.20
2.52
2.93
2.63
2.55
0.28 ab1/
0.20 ab
0.08 ab
0.33 b
0.15 ab
0.03 a
3.15 c
0.28 a
0.18 a
0.28 a
0.90 b
0.18 a
0.30 a
3.63 c
19.8
-
34.6
-
64.9
-
0.80 ab 0.05 ab
0.63 a 0.03 a
0.38 a
0.10 ab
1.45 b
0.35 b
0.68 a 0.18 ab
0.68 a 0.18 ab
3.53 c 3.15 c
39.0
-
48.3
49.1
0.30 a
0.03 a
0.23 a
0.70 b
0.18 a
0.30 a
3.78 c
0.30 ab
0.23 a
0.15 a
0.85 b
0.20 a
0.28 ab
2.63 c
55.9
47.9
77.2
48.4
95% DMRT
80

(, ./ 20 )
81
7 ,Scirtothrips dorsalis
Hood

1/
(, ./ 20 )
1/
(//)
40
5
5
10
40
10
16.00
3.75
4.75
12.00
3.50
5.00
2551 5
8 , Diaphorina citri Kuwayama

- 2550
CV (%)
R.E.(%)
1/
()
1 ()
2 ()
3
5
7
3
5
7
60
3.10
2.40 ab1/
0.63 a
1.28 ab
0.90
2.18 c
0.73 b
4
1
15
4
3.58
5.15
3.60
3.13
1.00 a
2.68 ab
1.43 a
0.60 a
0.88 a
0.88 a
0.98 a
1.08 a
0.15 a
1.30 ab
0.63 ab
1.25 ab
0.03
0.58
0.25
0.33
0.00 a
0.13 a
0.30 a
0.15 a
0.00 a
0.05 a
0.00 a
0.00 a
5.23
6.18
1.78 a
5.38 b
0.30 a
5.63 b
0.93 ab
3.55 b
0.05
2.55
0.00 a
1.28 b
0.00 a
1.85 b
54.10
96.00
-
96.80
-
137.80
-
168.20
133.50
102.10
98.80
163.80
88.40
95% DMRT
82

83.9%)
lambda-cyhalothrin (Karate Zeon 2.5% CS)
thiamethoxam/ lambda-cyhalothrin
(Engeo 247 SC14.1%/10.6% SC)
(, ./ 20 )

- 2550
CV (%)
R.E.(%)
1/
()
1 ()
2 ()
3
5
7
3
5
7
60
7.63
1.58 b1/
2.90 b
5.15 b
2.78 b
2.88 b
2.80 b
4
1
15
4
5.78
3.85
6.23
4.05
0.00 a
0.13 a
0.35 ab
0.50 ab
0.08 a
0.20 a
0.05 a
0.38 a
0.33 a
1.33 a
0.55 a
1.68 a
0.35 a
0.18 a
0.10 a
0.30 a
0.10 a
0.98 a
0.50 a
0.35 a
0.00 a
0.08 a
0.00 a
0.15 a
4.28
5.60
0.35 ab
4.80 c
0.05 a
5.55 c
0.88 a
7.68 b
0.15 a
9.85 c
0.65 a
12.20 c
0.53 a
9.63 c
43.30
115.50
-
68.40
-
75.00
-
74.30
62.50
82.50
62.10
80.70
65.30
95% DMRT
83

83.9%)
(Engeo 247 SC14.1%/10.6% SC)
(, ./ 20 )

- 2550
CV (%)
R.E.(%)
1/
()
1 ()
2 ()
3
5
7
3
5
7
60
6.18
1.50 ab1/
0.68
0.90 ab
0.93 a
3.78 cd
3.53 b
4
1
15
4
5.75
4.33
6.03
5.68
1.48 ab
1.43 ab
1.30 ab
0.85 a
0.58
0.25
0.23
0.05
0.20 a
0.03 a
0.85 ab
0.08 a
0.70 a
0.63 a
1.05 a
0.00 a
2.30 bc
1.08 ab
0.63 ab
0.00 a
3.25 b
1.78 ab
1.10 ab
0.00 a
5.80
5.03
1.28 ab
3.78 b
0.53
1.03
0.45 ab
2.33 b
0.00 a
4.55 b
0.13 ab
5.10 d
0.08 a
3.53 b
54.20
81.40
-
145.50
-
157.10
-
115.90
86.20
80.50
84.60
122.60
101.90
95% DMRT
84

83.9%)
(Engeo 247 SC14.1%/10.6% SC)
(, ./ 20
)
85
- 2550
CV (%)
R.E.(%)
1/
()
1 ()
2 ()
3
5
7
3
5
7
60
10.48
3.68 b
4.63 b
1.73 b
1.30 b
1.48 b
1.50 ab
4
1
15
4
11.38
14.85
9.90
10.05
0.95 a
0.23 a
1.08 a
1.15 a
1.33 a
2.90 ab
3.38 ab
1.03 a
0.20 a
1.05 ab
1.13 ab
0.28 a
0.00 a
0.05 a
0.10 a
0.00 a
0.28 ab
0.33 ab
1.03 ab
0.00 a
0.35 a
0.00 a
1.35 a
0.00 a
11.73
10.75
1.58 ab
8.98 c
2.33 ab
12.03 c
1.23 ab
5.68 c
0.05 a
4.80 c
0.03 ab
4.03 c
0.50 a
3.65 b
26.60
57.40
-
48.60
-
64.60
-
74.30
68.80
102.70
57.80
109.60
63.40
95% DMRT
85

83.9%)
(Engeo 247 SC14.1%/10.6% SC)
(, ./ 20
)
86
12

- 2550

83.9%)
lambda-cyhalothrin (Karate Zeon
2.5%CS)
(Engeo 247 SC14.1%/10.6% SC)
9
12
10
6
5
4
1
3
1
8
13
5
9
2
11
13 ,
Diaphorina citri Kuwayama

83.9%)
thiamethoxam/ lambda-cyhalothrin (Engeo
247 SC14.1%/10.6% SC)
1/
(, ./ 20 )
1/
(//)
60
1.80
4
1
15
4
1.60
1.13
1.50
1.50
4.00
2551 5
87
Effectiveness of some Insecticides for Controlling Mango leaf hopper on

Mango

.. 2551 .

8 thiamethoxam (Actara 25%WG) 2.5
, acetamiprid (Molan 20 %SP) 3 , carbosulfan (Posse 20%EC) 50 .,
imidacloprid (Confidor 10%SL) 10 ., dinotefuran (Starkle 10 %WP) 10 ,
refined white oil (White oil 67 %EC) 100 ., petroleum spray oil (DC Tron plus),
100 ., Control () 4 RCB
1 3, 5 7

_____________________________________
07-01-49-01
88
2 Idioscopus clypealis (Letheiery) I. niveosparsus (Letheiery)
(,2525)

()

1.
2. thiamethoxam (Actara 25%WG) 2.5 ,
acetamiprid (Molan 20 %SP) 3 , carbosulfan (Posse 20%EC)
50 ., imidacloprid (Confidor 10%SL) 10 ., dinotefuran
(Starkle 10 %WP) 10
3. refined white oil (White oil 67 %EC) 100 ., petroleum spray oil
(DC Tron plus), 100 .
89
4.
5. 800
6. ,
20x15x10 . 10x10x15 .
7. 10 x 12 20 x 24
8. Stereo microscope Compound
microscope
9.
10. , ,
. . 5
RCB 4 8 20
thiamethoxam (Actara 25%WG)
2.5
3
50 .
imidacloprid (Confidor 10%SL)
10 .
10
refined white (White oil 67%EC)
100 .
petroleum spray oil (DC Tron plus)
100 .
Control ()
7 2-3
20 3, 5 7

2550 2552 2
. .
. .
.

90

()

. . . .
.
. 2549.
2549
. . 284 .
. 2525.
. 4(2): .25-26.
91
Efficacy Trial of Plant extracts, Petroleum Oil and Some Acaricides to Control
Broad Mite in Chilli

3 pyridaben (Sanmite20 % WP), emamectin

benzoate (Proclaim1.92% EC), spiromesifen (Oberon 24% EC) ,
() amitraz
(Mitac 20% EC)
- 2550 - 2551
2 3
pyridaben, emamectin benzoate, spiromesifen amitraz

Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Banks)

( , 2544)
6-7 (2519)
07-01-49-02
92
0.74
9 1 6
- 4-5
( , 2544)
amitraz 40-60 . 20
60-80 20 2 5-7
(, 2547) (2540)
fipronil 10-20 biphentrin 80-100 .
20
amitraz 40 dicofol 45 . 20 (2542)

(2546)
100
100 % 80% (2546)

(,2543) 2541.
0.3-0.5 %
Diaphoria citri Kuwayama 100 % 5
(, 2550)

amitraz

93
-
-
-
- ,
-
- amitraz, pyridaben, emamectin benzoate, spiromesifen
- 15-15-15
-
-
-
(Experimental Design) RCB 3

8
1 spiromesifen (Oberon24% EC) 8 ./ 20
2 emamectin benzoate (Proclaim1.92% EC) 10 ./
20
3 pyridaben (Sanmite 20 % WP) 10 / 20
4 amitraz (Mitac20% EC) 40 ./ 20
5 petroleum oil 99% EC (SK Enspray 99 ) 50 ./ 20
6 (rotenone 0.25%) 80 ./ 20
7 ( azadirachtin 0.4%) 30 ./ 20
8
1 2
5x5 1 50 .
8 3 75-80

amitraz 40
./ 20 7 80 /
94
10

% = x 100

0
1
2
3
4

- 1-25 %
- 26-50 %
- 51-75 %

- 76%

1.
2.
10
2548 2551

(23 -22 2549)

1 wet rot

35%
1 (7 .-28 . 2550)
(Table1)
95
1 1
1.66 -2.88
1 2 spiromesifen, emamectin
benzoate, pyridaben amitraz
0.28, 0.34, 1.28 1.05
3.07

1.52
2.65
2.57
benzoate, pyridaben, amitraz 1.06, 073, 0.7
1.16 1.24 ,
3.03, 2.79 2.7
benzoate, pyridaben, amitraz 0.32, 0.19, 0.46 0.71
,
3.78, 3.78 3.66
1.35 4

1 5 1 4
pyridaben 0.47
spiromesifen, emamectin benzoate, amitraz
0.74, 0.74 0.93 ,
3.16, 2.68 3.35
1.18
,
spiromesifen, emamectin benzoate,
1 6 1 5
pyridaben 0.21
spiromesifen, emamectin benzoate, amitraz 0.50,
96
0.61 0.47 ,
3.64, 2.1 2.39
1.95
spiromesifen, emamectin benzoate, amitraz,

1 7
spiromesifen, emamectin benzoate, pyridaben, amitraz 0.23,
0.88, 0.21 0.55
3.18 ,
1.79, 1.6 1.89

(Table 1)
2 (26 -13. 2551)
(Table 2)
1 1
1.96 -3.25
benzoate, pyridaben amitraz
1.23, 1.06, 1.52 1.77
3.09
2.82, 2.99,
2.52
benzoate, pyridaben, amitraz 20% EC 0.69, 037, 1.13
0.53
2.98,2.48 2.22

1.59

97
benzoate, pyridaben, amitraz 0.49, 0.15, 0.49, 0.39
2.94
1.47, 1.57

2.20

benzoate, amitraz 0.65, 0.54, 0.59, 0.71

2.98, 1.96 1.57
1.29

1 6
spiromesifen, emamectin benzoate, amitraz 0.69,
0.40, 0.76 0.46 ,
2.85, 2.02
2.01 1.49

benzoate, amitraz 0.79, 0.09,
1.01 0.60
2.75 1.27

1.58 1.41

(Table 2)
98

2
spiromesifen, emamectin benzoate
pyridaben amitraz
3-4

(2542)

(2546)

2
De
Coss-Romero Pena, 1998

3 spiromesifen, emamectin benzoate,
amitraz

99

8 .

.

100
Table 1. Average damage from board mite in chili in farmers plot at Kampheangsean, Nakorn Pratom Province (7 Feb.-28 Mar. 2007)
Treatment
1wa1spray
1 wa2spray
1.76
1.95
0.28 a1
0.34 a
1.06 a1
0.73 a
0.32 a1
0.19 a
0.74 ab1
0.74 ab
0.50 ab1
0.61 ab
0.23 a1
0.88 a
5.54
6.08
2.53
2.75
2.54
2.53
2.88
2.75
30.1%
2.19
2.05
2.25
1.95
2.15
2.66
45.1%
1.28 ab
1.05 a
2.57 bcd
1.52 abc
2.65 cd
3.07 d
52.7%
0.70 a
1.16 a
2.70 b
1.24 a
2.79 b
3.03 b
32.5%
111.3%
0.46 a
0.71 a
3.66 c
1.35 b
3.78 c
3.78 c
21.8%
85.6%
0.47 a
0.93 ab
3.35 c
1.18 b
2.68 c
3.16 c
26.1%
103.5%
0.21 a
0.47 ab
2.39 cd
1.95 bc
2.10 c
3.64 d
63.2%
77.4%
0.21 a
0.55a
1.89 ab
1.60 ab
1.79 ab
3.18 b
105.6%
76.0%
4.67
5.42
4.28
5.20
4.66
4.96
15.9%
wa 1 spray = week after 1st spray
1 wa6spray
1 wa7spray
Yield (Kg.)
100
spiromesifen
emamectin
benzoate
pyridaben
amitraz
petroleum oil
rotenone extract
neem extract
untreated
CV
RE
Before
Spray
2.15
1.66
Average Damage
1 wa3spray 1 wa4spray 1 wa5spray
101
Table 2. Average damage from board mite in chili in farmers plot at Kampheangsean, Nakorn Pratom Province (26 Mar.-13 May. 2008)
Treatment
1wa1spray
1 wa2spray
2.56
1.96
1.23 a1
1.06 a
0.69 a1
0.37 a
0.49 a1
0.15 a
0.65 ab1
0.54 a
0.69 ab1
0.40 a
0.79 ab1
0.09 a
4.44
4.20
2.26
2.38
2.36
2.33
2.24
2.40
17.2%
2.38
1.92
2.56
2.63
2.54
3.25
24.5%
1.52 a
1.77 ab
2.52bc
2.82 c
2.99 c
3.09 c
30.0%
1.13 ab
0.53 a
2.22 cd
1.59 bc
2.48 d
2.98 d
38.6%
72.8%
0.49 a
0.39 a
1.57 b
1.47 b
2.20 bc
2.94 c
51.2%
73.0%
0.59 ab
0.71 ab
1.57 c
1.29 bc
1.96 c
2.98 d
36.3%
72.5%
0.76 ab
0.46 a
2.01 cd
1.49 bc
2.02 cd
2.85 d
40.8%
75.8%
1.01 ab
0.60ab
1.41 b
1.27 ab
1.58 b
2.75 c
60.2%
84.2%
4.98
5.16
5.53
4.94
5.12
4.51
14.1%
wa 1 spray = week after 1st spray
1 wa6spray
1 wa7spray
Yield (Kg.)
101
spiromesifen
emamectin
benzoate
pyridaben
amitraz
petroleum Oil
rotenone Extract
neem extract
untreated
CV
RE
Before
Spray
2.70
2.05
Average Damage
1 wa3spray 1 wa4spray 1 wa5spray
102
. 2546.
.
41: .
, 2546, 354-361
. 2546 Derris
elliptica Benth. Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Banks).
6. . 24-27
2546. 650-654
, , ,
. 2540.
2540, ,
516.
. 2519. Polyphagotarsonemus latus
(Banks) . . ,
,
. 2547. : 2547.
284 .
, , . 2541.
Diaphoria citri Kuwayama
. 137-141. :
11. . 3-6 2541.
, ,
. 2544.
.
. 192 .
. 2543. . 22(4)
: 339-343.
, , . 2542.
.
4. . 27-29 2542. 65-70
103
. 2550.
. . 2(1-2) :22-30.
De Coss-Romero, M. and Pena,J.E. 1998. Relationship of Broad Mite
(Acari:Tarsonemidae) to Host Phenology and Injury Levels in Capsicum annum.
Florida Entomologist. 81 (4): 515-526
104
niclosamide metaldehyde
Pomacea sp.
Efficacy Test on Niclosamide and Metaldehyde in various Formulations
Against Golden Apple Snail, Pomacea sp.

_____________________________
8

33 2 niclosamide 1 formulation
(WP) metaldehyde 4 formulation (WP)
(GB) (SC) (GR G ) 28
( Pomacea canaliculata Lamarck
niclosamide ( Bayluscide 70% WP)
niclosamide
5
80 % 48 niclosamide-olamine
( 83.1% WP(70% ae) ) niclosamide ( 70% WP) niclosamideolamine( 70% WP ( 70% ae)) niclosamide-olamine( 80%WP (70%
ae)) niclosamide ( Bayluscide 70% WP)
metaldehyde 75 % 72
11 3 formulation metaldehyde( 5%GB) 1,000 ,
metaldehyde ( 5%GB) 1,000 , metaldehyde (.. 5%GB) 1,000
, metaldehyde(- 20%SC) 250 , metaldehyde(
20% SC ) 200 metaldehyde( - 5% GB) 1,000 ,
metaldehyde ( 80%WP) 100 , metaldehyde( 80%WP) 100
07-01-49-01-01-01-07-49
105
, metaldehyde ( 5% GB) 1,000 , metaldehyde ( 5% GB)
1,000 , metaldehyde ( 5% GB) 1,000 metaldehyde
( 80% WP) 100
( golden apple snail, Pomacea canaliculata Lamarck)

2525 2532 (,2534)

( molluscicide)
2 ( niclosamide) ( metaldehyde)
2 niclosamide(Bayluscide 70%WP) niclosamide( Bayluscide
25 % EC ) 3 metaldehyde( Deadmeal 4 % bait pellet)
,metaldehyde( Deadmeal 80% WP) metaldehyde ( Anglo slug 5% bait pellet)
( formulation)
GB(granular bait, ) , SC ( suspension concentrate = flowable
concentrate ,
) , WP( wetable powder, ),
GR ( granule, 300-500 2,000- 6,000
100 600 )

metaldehyde molluscicide (snail)
(slug) metaldehyde ( 2, 4, 6, 8 - Tetramethyl - 1, 3, 5, 7 - Tetraoxycyclo octane) 4% inert ingredients 96% pellet
(liquid)
brown garden snail (Helix aspersa Muller) Black slug (V.leydigi)
Veronicellid slug (V.cubensis) (freshwater
snail) Fam Lymnaeidae Planorbidae (itchy snail)
106
Godan (1983) metaldehyde
foot

metaldehyde acetaldehyde
acetaldehyde

metaldehyde acetaldehyde
biodegradation
(microorganism) acetaldehyde carbon dioxide
visible light oxygen
metaldehyde
metabolism CO2
metaldehyde ( Pomaeca lineata) 0.7 1.5
ppm (Cheng,1989) 25 C (granular
formulation)spray
metaldehyde
Cipanqopaludina chinensis
metaldehyde
metaldehyde

Anonymous,1968 (niclosamide) clonitralid

(molluscicide) (freshwater snails)
Biomphararia sp., Oncomelania
sp., Australorbis glabatus, Lymnaea sp., Pila spp. 1959
WHO FAO (Shiff,1960) larva stage
Shistosoma sp.
Schistosomiasis
107
niclosamide : - 2 Aminoethanol salt of 2, 5 dichloro 4 nitro
salicylanilide enzyme
carbohydrate
0.2 ppm. oxidative
phosphorylation mitochondria
niclosamide

1 ppm. (Anonymous,1973)
Pomacea canaliculata Lamarck

niclosamide metaldehyde

24.8 X 40.2 X 26
beaker 1,000 .

1 2549 CRD 7
4
1 metaldehyde ( 20 % SC ) 120 .
2 metaldehyde ( 5 5% GB ) 500
3 metaldehyde ( 5 5% GB ) 1,000
4 metaldehyde ( 80 80% WP ) 100
5 metaldehyde ( 80 80% WP ) 200
6 niclosamide ( 70% WP) 50
7
108
2 2550 CRD 9
4
1 metaldehyde( 5% GB) 1,000
2 metaldehyde ( 5% GB ) 1,000
3 metaldehyde ( 5% GB) 1,000
4 metaldehyde ( 6 6% G ) 500
5 niclosamide-olamine ( 83.1% WP(70% ae) ) 50
6 metaldehyde ( 80 % WP ) 100
9
3 2551 CRD 13
4
1 metaldehyde( 80% WP) 100
2 metaldehyde ( 80% WP ) 100
3 metaldehyde ( - 5% GB) 1,000
6 metaldehyde ( 5 % G ) 1,000
7 metaldehyde ( 20% WV SC ) 120 ,.
13
4 2551 CRD 17
4
1 metaldehyde ( 5% GB) 1,000
109
4 metaldehyde (.. 5% GB ) 1,000
5 metaldehyde ( 3.5% G ) 1,000
7 metaldehyde( - 20% SC ) 200 .
8 metaldehyde ( 6 % GR ) 500
9 metaldehyde ( 3.5 % G ) 1,000
10 metaldehyde ( 6 % GR ) 500
11 metaldehyde( 20% SC ) 200 .
12 metaldehyde ( 3.5 % G ) 1,000
13 metaldehyde ( 3.5 % G ) 1,000
17

1
30 40

2 8
15
7, 24 48
2548 - 2551
110
1 ( table 1)
4 formulation 7 niclosamide (Bayluscide
70%WP) 81.25%

metaldehyde 24 niclosamide 100%
metatdehyde ( 80 %WP) 100 200
43.75% 31.25% miclosamide
48
metaldehyde( 20% SC) 5% GB 72
metaldehyde( Deadmeal 80%WP) 70%WP) 100 200
71.88% 65.63% niclosamide (Bayluscide 70%WP)
100%
2 7 niclosamide
(Bayluscide 70% WP) 50 niclosamide-olamine ( 83. 1%
(70% ae) WP ) 67.50% 65.00%
24 niclosamide
( Bayluscide 70% WP) niclosamide-olamine ( 83. 1% (70% ae) WP )
100% 92.5% 2.5% - 20%
48 metaldehyde( 80% WP) 62.5%
15%- 50% 72
metaldehyde( 80% WP) 62.5%
niclosamide ( Bayluscide 70% WP) niclosamideolamine ( 83. 1% (70% ae) WP )
3 (table 3) 7 niclosamide (
70% WP ) 50 73.33%
niclosamide ( 70% WP) 60.00%
metaldehyde
0 23.33% 24
niclosamide 70% WP
111
90.0% 93.33% 90.0% metaldehyde 80%
WP 66.77% 48 niclosamide
93.33% 96.67% 100%
metaldehyde 5%GB 80% WP 80%WP
80%WP 5%GB 5%GB 5% GB 73.33% 86.67%
90.00% 90.00% 70.00% 63.30% 60.00% 72
metaldehyde ( 20%
SC) 100%
93.33% 96 metaldehyde ( 20%SC)
70% - 100%
4 ( table 4 ) 7 niclosamide ( 70% WP)
73.33% niclosamide
( 70%WP) 60% niclosamide (
70%WP)
24 niclosamide ( 70%WP)
niclosamide( 70%WP) 86.42% 100%
metaldehyde ( 20% SC)
37.31% metaldehyde ( 5%GB) 5% GB 80% WP
12.97% 12.92% 13.08% 0 10%
48 niclosamide ( 70% WP) 100%
niclosamide ( 70%WP) metaldehyde ( 20% SC)
96.6% 93.28% 58.86% - 66.58%
metaldehyde( 5% GB) metaldehyde( 20% SC ) metaldehyde( 80%
WP) metaldehyde( 5%GB) 72 niclosamide(
70%WP) niclosamide ( 70%WP) metaldehyde ( 20%
SC) metaldehyde( 5%GB) 100% 100% 100% 96.67%
metaldehyde( 80% WP) metaldehyde( 5% GB) metaldehyde(
20% SC ) metaldehyde( .. 5% GB) metaldehyde ( 5%GB)
metaldehyde( 5%GB) 90% 80% 73.33% 76.67% 76.67%
63.33 %
112
niclosamide(Bayluscide 70% WP) 50g/rai
metaldehyde( 5 5%GB)1,000 metaldehyde ( 5%GB)1,000g/rai
( 2532,2534, 2535)
2 3 4 niclosamide(Bayluscide 70% WP) 50g/rai
100 % 12 24
metaldehyde( Deadmeal 80% WP)
70% . 72 metaldehyde( 5 5%GB) 1,000

metaldehyde ( 5%GB) 1,000
GB G

Table 1 Comparison on efficacy of various molluscicides for the control of GAS in
laboratory, Agricultural Zoology Section, 2006
Percentage mortality
7HAT
24HAT
48HAT
72HAT
1.metaldehyde(20%SC) 120 ml./rai 0.00d
0.00c
3.13cd 3.13bc
2. metaldehyde (5 5%GB) 500g/rai
0.00d
3.13c
6.25cd
9.38b
3.metaldehyde( 5 5%GB)1,000g/rai
6.25cd
6.25c
15.63c
15.63b
4.metaldehyde( 80%WP)100g/rai
12.50c 43.75b 53.13b
71.88a
21.88b 31.25b 43.75b
65.63a
6.niclosamide(Bayluscide 70% WP) 50g/rai 81.25a 100.00a 100.00a 100.00a
7.untreated
0.00d
0.00c
0.00d
0.00c
CV (%)
51.40% 32.30% 36.80% 35.00%
In a column,means followed by a common letter are not significantly different at the 5%
level by DMRT
Molluscicides and rate of application
113
Table 2 Comparison on efficacy of various molluscicides for the Control of GAS in
7HAT 24HAT 48HAT
72HAT
1. metaldehyde ( 5%GB)1,000g/rai
2.50b 5.00bc 35.00bcd 45.00bc
2. metaldehyde ( 5%GB) 1,000g/rai
2.50b 7.50bc 40.00bcd 52.50bc
3. metaldehyde( 5%GB) 1,000g/rai
0.00b 20.00b 27.50cd 45.00bc
4. metaldehyde( 6 6%G) 500g/rai
0.00b 10.00bc 15.00d
30.00c
5.niclosamide-olamine( 70% WP) 50g/rai 65.00a 92.50a 100.00a 100.00a
6. metaldehyde( 80% WP) 100g/rai
0.00b 2.50bc 50.00bc 57.5bc
7.niclosamide( 70% WP) 50g/rai
67.50a 100.00a 100.00a 100.00a
8. metaldehyde ( 80% WP) 200g/rai
2.50b 17.50bc 62.50ab 75.00ab
9. untreated
0.00b 0.00c
0.00e
0.00d
CV (%)
52.5% 40.80% 29.50% 27.50%
level by DMRT

2. metaldehyde( 80%WP)100g/rai
3. metaldehyde( - 5% GB) 1,000g/rai
4. metaldehyde ( 5% GB) 1,000g/rai
7. metaldehyde( 20% WV SC ) 120ml/rai
8.niclosamide-olamine(70%WP)
50g/rai
7HAT
10.00b
6.67b
3.33b
13.33b
16.67b
16.67b
0.00b
56.67a
24HAT
46.67bc
46.67bc
3.33e
36.67cd
23.33d
40.00bcd
0.00e
90.00a
48HAT
90.00a
90.00a
26.67b
63.33a
60.00a
70.00a
0.00c
96.67a
72HAT
90.00a
93.33a
70.00a
86.67a
76.67a
86.67a
3.33b
96.67a
96HAT
90.00a
93.33a
70.00a
86.67a
90.00a
90.00a
3.33b
96.67a
114
9. niclosamide-olamine(70%WP)
50g/rai
10 metaldehyde(.80% WP) 100g/rai
11. niclosamide ( 70% WP) 50g/rai
13.untreated
CV (%)
53.33a
93.33a
100.00a
100.00a
100.00a
23.33b
76.67a
13.33b
0.00b
61.3%
66.67ab
90.00a
30.00cd
0.000e
30.7%
86.67a
93.33a
73.33a
0.000c
29.1%
86.67a
93.33a
90.00a
0.00b
26.6%
90.00a
93.33a
93.33a
0.00b
24.8%

level by DMRT
3. metaldehyde ( 5%GB) 1,000g/rai
4. metaldehyde (.. 5%GB) 1,000g/rai
5. metaldehyde( 3.5%G) 1,000g/rai
6. niclosamide ( 70% WP) 50g/rai
7. metaldehyde(- 20%SC) 250 ml/rai
8. metaldehyde( 6%GR) 570g/rai
9. metaldehyde( 3.5% G) 1,000g/rai
10. metaldehyde( 6% GR) 500g/rai
11. metaldehyde( 20% SC ) 200 ml./rai
12. metaldehyde( 350 3.5% G) 1,000g/rai
13. metaldehyde(- 3.5% G) 1,000g/rai
15. metaldehyde( 80% WP) 100g/rai
16. niclosamide( 70% WP) 50g/rai
7HAT
0.00c
6.67bc
3.33bc
0.00c
0.00c
60.00a
10.00bc
3.33bc
0.00c
0.00c
10.00bc
0.00c
0.00c
6.67bc
10.00bc
73.33a
24HAT
48HAT
9.47c
66.58a-d
10.00c 29.90de
12.97bc 42.47cde
5.24c
45.21b-e
0.00c
14.45e
86.42a 96.61ab
37.31b 93.28abc
1.91c
24.93de
0.00c
19.26e
0.00c
19.13e
9.47c
59.08a-d
5.24c
36.11de
4.85c
32.22de
12.97bc 58.86a-d
13.08bc 63.20a-d
100.00a
100a
72HAT
96.67a
63.33bcd
76.67abc
76.67abc
56.67cde
100.00a
100.00a
40.00de
43.33de
36.67e
73.33abc
56.67cde
56.67cde
80.00abc
90.00ab
100.00a
115
17.untreated
0.00c
0.00c
0.00f
0.00f
CV (%)
91.80% 60.80% 37.60%
20.40%
level by DMRT
( molluscicide)
2 ( niclosamide)
(metaldehyde) 5

niclosamide(Bayluscide 70% WP) 50

metaldehyde ( 5 5%GB)1,000 metaldehyde ( 5%GB)1,000
( 2532,2534, 2535)
niclosamide(Bayluscide 70% WP) 50
metaldehyde( Deadmeal 80% WP)
mode of action 2 metaldehyde( Deadmeal 80% WP)
metaldehyde( 5 5%GB) 1,000
metaldehyde ( 5%GB) 1,000
50% 72

niclosamide 80% 48
niclosamide-olamine ( 83.1% WP(70% ae) ) 50
niclosamide ( 70% WP) 50 niclosamide-olamine (
70% WP ( 70% ae) 50 niclosamide-olamine( 80%WP (70%
ae)) 50
metaldehyde 75 % 72
metaldehyde( 5%GB) 1,000 ,metaldehyde (
5%GB) 1,000 ,metaldehyde (.. 5%GB) 1,000 , metaldehyde (
116
- 20%SC) 250 , metaldehyde( 20% SC ) 200
metaldehyde( - 5% GB) 1,000 , metaldehyde( 80%WP)100
, metaldehyde( 80%WP) 100 , metaldehyde ( 5% GB) 1,000
, metaldehyde ( 5% GB) 1,000 , metaldehyde ( 5% GB)
1,000 ,
. 2547.
2547 . . 283 .
. 2532.
. 2532
. 9 .
. 2535.
. 2535
. 10 .
. 2538.
. 2538
. 34 .
. 2539. . 731-757 :
10. 2428 2539
.
, , , ,
. 2540. .
2540 . 7
.
Anonymous. 1968. Bayluscide Molluscicide. Chemagro Coporation , Missouri USA . 20
pp.Anonymous. 1973. BAYLUSCIDE ( Bayer 73 ) . Molluscicide for the control of
water snail . Technical Information. Bayer Pflanzenschutz. Leverkusen, West
Germany. 8 pp.
117
Chen, E.Y. 1989. Control strategy for the introduce snail, Pomacea lineata, in rice paddy.
Slugs and Snail in World Agriculture. BCPC Monograph 41 : 69-75.
Food and Agriculture Organization. 1989. Integrated Golden Kuhol management. FAO
Intercountry Programme for Integrated Pest Control in Rice in South and Southeast
Asia and the Philippine Department of Agriculture. 44 pp.
Godan, Dora. 1979 . Pest slugs and snail, Biology and Control. Springer Verlag . New
York. 354 pp.
Shiff,C.J. 1960 . Trials with a new molluscicide, Bayer 73, in Southern Rhodesia. WHO
Report. 21 pp.
118
Pomacea sp.
Comparison on Botanical Agents for the Control of Golden Apple Snail,
Pomacea sp.

_____________________________
2551 5
(Cassia fistula L.) Jatropha curcas L . ( Samanea saman
( Jacq.) Merr. Hyptis suavealens Poit.
( Camellia oleifera Abel. )
(Syzygium gratum ) ( Aloe vera ( L.) ) ( Tamarindus
indica L. )

(2539) (Pomacea sp.)

2525 2526

.. 2531
. . .

07-01-49-01
119

( molluscicide ) ( 2532 40 ) niclosamide ,
mtetaldehyde copper sulphate

(2539) 3 (Golden
Dewdrop, Duranta repens L.) (Ammonnia baccifera)
(Soapberry tree, Sapindus emerginatus Wall.) 24
5 / 8 64.44% 8 /
8 75.56% 0.6 / 8
75.56% 48 95.56%, 100%
93.33% (2538) Family
Turnstromiaceae (tea seed, Camellia sp.) 3
/ 5 75.00% 15
(2542) ( Azadiractta indica)
(EC) 72 2 3 ppm.
73 100% 6 9 ppm.
70 80% (2541)
15 1

Alba et al (1993)
(Nicotina tabacum) (Derris elliptica) ( ( Cacao sp.)
200,40 200 / 3
85% 41.16%
Maini, P.M. And Morallo Rejesus B.M. (1992)
(volatile oil) 17 1 100
ppm. Sassafra albidium, Coleus amboinicus Pimpinella anisum
(operculum) 6 100%
10 ppm. 6 -18 20 ppm.
120
Pomacea canaliculata Lamarck

8

24.8 X 40.2 X 26
beaker 1,000 .

CRD 14 3
1 - 3
0.5 , 1.0 , 5.0 8
4 - 6
0.05 ,1, 5 8
7 - 9
0.05 , 1, 5 8
10 11
1, 3 8
12 - 13
0.0005, 0.001 8
14

24.8 X 40.2 X 26
38.09 48.94 10
27.0 28.5 30
21.5 24 24,48 , 72 96
121
2548 - 2553
5
(Cassia
fistula L.) Jatropha curcas L . ( Samanea saman ( Jacq.)
Merr. Hyptis suavealens Poit. ( Camellia
oleifera Abel. ) 14
36.88 10
100%
72
0.05
1.00
/
24
48
72
0/10
0/10
0/10
0/10
0/10
1/10
96
0/10
10/10
5.00
1/10
3/10
10/10
10/10
0.05
0/10
0/10
0/10
0/10
1.00
0/10
0/10
7/10
10/10
5.00
0/10
5/10
10/10
10/10
0.5
0/10
0/10
0/10
0/10
1.0
0/10
1/10
2/10
4/10
5.0
2/10
7/10
10/10
10/10
0/10
0/10
0/10
0/10
0/10
0/10
0/10
1/10
122
0.0005
0/10
0/10
0/10
0/10
0.001
0/10
0/10
0/10
0/10
1/10
0/10
1/10
0/10
. 2539. .
10. 24-28 2539
. 731-757
. 2539.
.
264265.
.
2538. .

. 18
, . 2531.
. . 108-115.
. 2530. .
.
.2548..
.() .
159
Alba, M.C. ; Vertosio,E.; Palis, F.V. ; Macatula, R.F. 1993. The Effect of botanical and
chemical pesticides against golden apple snail ( Pomacea sp.) in rice . 24. Pest
Management Council of the Philippines, Cebu City, 4 7 May 1993. 1 leaf.
123
Maini,P.M. and Rejesus,B.M. 1992 . Toxicity of some volatile oils against golden apple
snail (Pomacea sp.) . Philipp. J Sci 121(4) : 391 397.
124
Efficacy of Neem extract Petrolium oil and Insecticides for controlling

mealy bug on Asparagus

. .
RCB 3
8
1
chlorpyrifos/cypermethrin 30 ./ 20 , carbosulfan 50
./ 20 , 3 thiamethoxam 5 ./ 20 ,
100 ppm. , etofenprox 50 ./ 20 ,
SK 99 50 ./ 20 , imidacloprid 20
./ 20
1 30

20% 7 100 /
10 /

(Asparagus)

07-01-49-01
125
SK 99
(carbosulfan 20% EC, malathion 57% EC, etofenprox 5% EC ,
imidacloprid 10% SL)
-
-
RCB 3 8
1 DC Tron plus 50 ./ 20
2 carbosulfan 20% EC 40 / 20
3 malathion 57% 20 ./ 20
4 100 ppm.
5 ethofenprox 5% EC 50 ./ 20
6 SK 99 50 ./ 20
7 imidacloprid 10% SL 20 ./ 20
8
1 30

20% 7
100 /
10 /

- 2551
. .
-
126
. .
RCB 3
8

1
chlorpyrifos/cypermethrin 30 ./ 20 , carbosulfan
50 ./ 20 , 3 thiamethoxam 5 ./ 20 ,
100 ppm. ,
etofenprox 50 ./ 20 ,
SK 99 50 ./ 20 ,
imidacloprid 20 ./ 20
1 30

20% 7
100 /
10 /

127
(Efficacy of Bacteria, Virus and Insecticides for Controlling

Spodoptera exigua on Asparagus)

RCB 8 4
1 / 3 spinosad
12% SC
(Asparagus)

07-01-49-01
128
1
2 indoxacarb 15% SC , chlorfluazuron 5% EC , spinosad 12% SC
(Success 120 SC)
3 Bacillus thuringiensis (Xentari WDG)
4 NPV
5 mancozeb
6
7 15-15-15
8
RCB 8 3
1 Bacillus thuringiensis (Xentari WDG) 60 / 20
2 Bactospeine WP 60 / 20
3 Bt1-DOA 100 / 20
4 DOA Bio-V1 30 / 20
5 indoxacarb 15% SC (Ammate) 15 / 20
6 chlorfluazuron 5% EC 15 / 20
7 spinosad 12% SC (Success 120 SC) 20 / 20
8
1 30

1 / 7
120 /
129
10 /

- 2551
. .

RCB 8 4
1 / 3 spinosad
12% SC
130
1/
Field Trial on Effectiveness of Some Insecticides in order to Substitute The
Watch Lists for Controlling Mealy Bug on Seasame

, Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley

(piercing-sucking mouthparts)

2548 2551 RCB 4 6
thiamethoxam (Actara 25 % WG), imidacloprid (Provado 70 %WG), buprofezin(Award
40%SC), white oil (Vite oil 67 %EC), buprofezin(Award 40%SC) + white oil (Vite oil 67
%EC) 2 , 2 , 20 , 100 10+50 / 20

thiamethoxam imidacloprid
buprofezin white oil
buprofezin + white oil
:
Keywords : Sesame, Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley , Insecticides
1/
: 07- 01 - 49 - 01- 01-01-12-49
131
(Sesame) Sesamum indicum Linn. Pedaliaceae

40 59 (, 2548) 2550 409,000
43,000 1,030 105 /
23.95 / (, 2550)

(Wongsiri 1991)
(, 2551) 2547 2548
.
(Solenopsis mealybug) Phenacoccus
solenopsis Tinsley Pseudococcidae
(piercing-sucking mouthparts)

1.
2. thiamethoxam (Actara 25 % WG), imidacloprid (Provado 70 %WG),
buprofezin (Award 40 % SC),
white oil(Vite oil 67 %EC)
3.
4.
132
5. 2 100
20
6.
Randomized Complete Block 4 6
(. ./ 20 )
( a.i. /)
2.0
1. thiamethoxam (Actara 25 % WG)
2
2. imidacloprid ( 70 %WG)
2
5.6
3. buprofezin (Award 40 % SC)
20
32.0
1. white oil(Vite oil 67 %EC)
100
268.0
10+50
16.0+134
1. buprofezin (Award 40 % SC) + white
oil(Vite oil 67 %EC)
2.
0.50
20 0.20 5.00 x 5.00 24
1.50 alaclor(Alachlor
48%EC) 400 / 30
15 15 15 50 / 10 / 4

2 /10
80 /

12 20 2 48
2 / 1
(crawlers) 50 / 3
3 7
7
133

IRRISTAT analysis of variance DMRT
(% Efficacy) Abbott
(Puntener, 1992)
(phytotoxicity)
2548 2551
. . . , . .

2549 - 2550

. . .

( 1)
50 / 3
3
thiamethoxam imidacloprid 4.87 6.12 /

20.25 / buprofezin + white oil 16.12 /

buprofezin white oil 20.87
19.12 /
7
1.87 19.00 /
25.00 /
134
buprofezin,
white oil buprofezin + white oil 18.50, 19.00 13.25 /
2 3
thiamethoxam, imidacloprid buprofezin + white oil 0.12,
0.25 1.37 /
31.00 / buprofezin
white oil 11.37 9.12 /
thiamethoxam, imidacloprid buprofezin + white oil
2 7
0.12 14.75 /
32.12 /
buprofezin,
135
1

2550
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
thiamethoxam 25 % WG
midacloprid 70 % WG
buprofezin 40 %SC
white oil 67%EC
CV (%)
RE (%)
(
/20
)
2
2
20
100
10+50
(/ ) 1/
1 2
50
50
50
50
50
50
-
3
4.87 a
6.12 a
20.87 c
19.12 bc
16.12 b
20.25 c
18.60
-
7
3
7
1.87 a 0.12 a 0.12 a
4.25 a 0.25 a 0.12 a
18.50 c 11.37 b 14.75 c
19.00 c 9.12 b 10.62 c
13.25 b 1.37 a 4.12 b
25.00 d 31.00 c 32.12 d
30.10 26.30 16.20
89.70 93.10
1/ ( 4 )
95% DMRT
( 2)
( % efficacy )
50 /
Abbott
(Puntener, 1992)
% Efficacy = [( Ca Ta)/ Ca] x 100,
Ta = Number of mealy bug in the treated plot after application
Ca = Number of mealy bug in the untreated plot after application
3
thiamethoxam 75.95 % imidacloprid 69.77 %
50 %
136
7
50 %
3
thiamethoxam 99.62 % imidacloprid buprofezin +
white oil 99.19 95.58 % buprofezin white oil
63.32 70.58 %
7
thiamethoxam imidacloprid 99.62 %
buprofezin + white oil 87.17 % buprofezin white oil
54.07 66.93 %
2
2550
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
midacloprid 70 % WG
buprofezin 40 %SC
white oil 67%EC
( /
20 )
2
2
20
100
10+50
(%)
1
3
75.95
69.77
5.58
20.39
3
99.62
99.19
63.32
70.58
95.58
7
92.52
83.00
26.00
24.00
47.00
2551 2549 2550
( 3)
50 / 3
2550
3
7
99.62
99.62
54.07
66.93
87.17
137

36.32 / buprofezin , white oil buprofezin + white oil
36.46, 36.24 34.34 /
7
2.68 20.75 /
33.25 /
buprofezin,
3
0.62 4.75 /
22.87 /
thiamethoxam, imidacloprid buprofezin + white oil
0.62, 2.25 2.50 /
buprofezin white oil 4.50 4.75 /
thiamethoxam
imidacloprid buprofezin + white oil
2 7
0.25 10.75 /
34.50 /
buprofezin,
white oil
buprofezin
138
3

2551
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
midacloprid 70 % WG
buprofezin 40 %SC
white oil 67%EC
CV (%)
RE (%)
( /
20 )
2
2
20
100
10+50
(/ ) 1/
1 2
50
50
50
50
50
50
-
3
8.00 a
11.15 a
36.46 b
36.24 b
34.34 b
36.32 b
27.20
-
7
2.68 a
4.75 ab
19.50 d
20.75 d
14.25 c
33.25 e
32.40
-
3
7
0.62 a 0.25 a
2.25 ab 0.25 a
4.50 b 4.50 b
4.75 b 10.75 c
2.50 ab 3.50 b
22.87 c 34.50 d
22.10 36.20
45.30 57.60
1/
( 4 )
95% DMRT
( 4)
3
50 %
7
buprofezin+ white oil 57.14 %
50 %
3
thiamethoxam 97.28 % imidacloprid , buprofezin +
white oil, buprofezin white oil 90.16, 89.06, 80.32 79.23 %
7
thiamethoxam imidacloprid 99.27 %
, buprofezin + white oil, buprofezin white oil 89.85, 86.95 68.84 %
139
4
2551
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
midacloprid 70 % WG
buprofezin 40 %SC
white oil 67%EC
(
/20
)
2
2
20
100
10+50
(%)
1
77.93
69.30
5.12
5.45
91.93
87.21
41.35
37.59
57.14
97.28
90.16
80.32
79.23
89.06
99.27
99.27
86.95
68.84
89.85
( 5)
36.00 // buprofezin + white oil
54 //
5 2550 - 2551
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
midacloprid 70 % WG
buprofezin 40 %SC
white oil 67%EC
1/
( / (/
/ 20 / /
20 )
)
2
4,500
9.0
36.0
2
4,500
9.0
36.0
20
600
12.0
48.0
100
150
15.0
60.0
10+50
600, 150
13.5
54.0
1/ 2551
1
2551
7 2 /
140
2 thiamethoxam imidacloprid 1 /
(% Efficacy)
2 90 % buprofezin
white oil 2
2550
white oil (Adjuvants)
buprofezin
2 thiamethoxam
imidacloprid 80 %
thiamethoxam imidacloprid neonicotinoids
chloronicotinyl insecticides (, 2544 ; Yamamoto, 1996 ; Yaguchi and Sato,
2001 ; ) LD50 1,563 450
/. (Mode of action)
nicotinic acetylcholine receptor

Homoptera,
Hemiptera, Coleoptera Lepidotera
white oil petroleum 67%W/V(80%W/W)
aliphatic hydrocarbon
18
paraffinic
hydrocarbon
(
, 2551)
LD50 15,000 /.
(, 2551) white oil
buprofezin
white oil
adjuvants
141
buprofezin benzoylarylureas
chitin synthesis inhibitors (Mitsui, 1985)

(Nilaparvata lugens )
(Trialeurodes vaporariorum )
(mode of action)

buprofezin
(selectivity) (low toxicity) LD50 2,200
/. (, 2540) buprofezin

white oil
thiamethoxam
imidacloprid 2 / 20
buprofezin+ white oil 10 + 50 /
20

2 7

white oil buprofezin
(GAP)

white oil white oil
1
white oil white oil
142
thiamethoxam imidacloprid 2 2 / 20
white oil + buprofezin 10+50
/ 20
. 2551. 2551

, . 295 .
. 2544. .
, . 52 .
. 2540.
. ,
. 118 .
. 2548. 2547.
, . 114 121.
. 2551.
(Vite oil) Batch No. 8031.
.72/51 : 05 08 51. 10
. 2550. 2550.
(CD-ROM) .
Puntener, M. 1992. Manual for Field Trials in Plant Protection . 3rd ed. Agricultural
Division, Ciba Geigy Limited. Switzerland. 271 pp.
143
Wongsiri, N. 1991. List of insect, Mite and other Zoological Pests of Economic Plants in
Thailand. Technical Bulletin, Entomology and Zoology Division, Department of
Agriculture, Bangkok. 168 pp.
Yaguchi , Y . and T . Sato . 2001 . Thiacloprid (bariard) a novel neonicotinoid insecticide
for foliar application . Agrochemicals Japan . 79 : 14-16 .
Yamamoto , I . 1996 . Neonicotinoids : mode of action and selectivity . Agrochemicals
Japan . 68 : 14 15
144
1/
Field Trial on Effectiveness of Some Insecticides for Controlling

Bean Pod Borer, Etiella zinckenella on Soybean

2 triazophos lambdacyhalothrin
2551/2552 RCB 4
9 1) lambdacyhalothrin(Karate Zeon 2.5%CS)
2) gammacyhalothrin(Proaxis 1.5%CS)
3) methoxyfenozide (Prodigy24%SC)
4) lufenuron(Math 5%EC) 5) fipronil(Ascend 5%SC) 6) profenofos(Supercron 50%EC)
7) triazophos(Hostathion 40%EC) 8) Bacillus thuringiensis(Bactospene FC) 20,
20, 10, 10, 20, 40, 50 80 / 20
60 20 x 50 . 5 x 5
36

45 3.50 7.25 /10
1. acetamiprid (Molan 20%SP) 2. buprofezin (Napam 25%WP)
3. thiamethoxam/lambdacyhalothrin (Eforia 14.1/10.6%ZC) 4. lambdacyhalothrin(Karate
Zeon 2.5%CS) 5. gammacyhalothrin(Proaxis 1.5%CS) 6. imidacloprid(Provado 70%WG)
7. fipronil(Ascend 5%SC) 8. triazophos(Hostathion 40%EC) 10, 30, 5, 20,
20, 2, 20 50 / 20
1/
07-01-49-01-01-01-13-49
145
2 14
triazophos
(Etiella zinckenella (Treitschke))

40 %( ,
2544)
2 triazophos lambdacyhalothrin
triazophos

60
15 15 15
alachlor 48 %EC
lambdacyhalothrin
(Karate
Zeon
2.5%CS),
gammacyhalothrin (Proaxis 1.5%CS), methoxyfenozide (Prodigy
24%SC), lufenuron (Math 5%EC), profenofos (Supercron 50% EC),
fipronil (Ascend 5%SC) triazophos (Hostathion 40%EC) Bacillus
thuringiensis(Bactospene FC)
RCB 4 9
1. lambdacyhalothrin 2.5% CS
20 / 20
2. gammacyhalothrin 1.5% CS
20 / 20
3. methoxyfenozide 24%SC
10 / 20
4. lufenuron 5%EC
10 / 20
5. fipronil 5%SC
20 / 20
146
6 profenofos 50% EC
40 / 20
7. triazophos 40%EC
50 / 20
8. Bacillus thuringiensis
80 / 20
9.
5x5 20x50 .
1

10
10 / 3, 5 7
10%

. .
2549 2552 3 3
1.
2. buprofezin (Napam 25%WP) 3.
thiamethoxam/lambdacyhalothrin (Eforia 14.1/10.6%ZC) 4. lambdacyhalothrin(Karate
Zeon 2.5%CS) 5. gammacyhalothrin(Proaxis 1.5%CS) 6. imidacloprid(Provado 70%WG)
7. fipronil(Ascend 5%SC)
8. triazophos(Hostathion 40%EC) 10, 30, 5,
20, 20, 2, 20 50 / 20
2 14
3.50 7.25 /10 2
triazophos
147
148
1/
Field Trial on Effectiveness of Some Insecticides for Controlling
Insect Pests on Holy Basil and Sweet Basil

2550/51
2 RCB 3 8
1) white oil 67%EC 100 / 20 2)
petroleum oil 83.9%EC 100 / 20 3) imidacloprid 70 %WG
2 / 20 4) fipronil 5 % SC 20 / 20 5) dinotefuran 10
% WP 10 / 20 6) emamectin benzoate 1.92%EC 10 /
20 7) dinotefuran+ white oil 5 +50 . / 20 8)
4
2 x 4 24
7 2 Bathrips melanicornis
(Shumsher) Dorcadothrips sp.
(% Efficacy) Henderson Tilton
fipronil imidacloprid
emamectin benzoate white oil
:
Keyword : holy basil, sweet basil, insect pests, insecticides
1/
07-01-49-01-01-01-22-50
149

200
(EU)

2545 2546 //
(Liriomyza sp.)
(Bemisia tabaci Gennadius) 11 124
8.87 /
15 100 %

30
15 20 1 - 2 8 10 1
Anonymous (2008)
abamectin, avermectin, azadirachtin, Bacillus thuringiensis, bifenthrin,

emamectin benzoate, imidacloprid, spinosad, thimethoxam zetacypermethrin
(2548) abamectin, spinosad indoxacarb

5-7 dinotefuran etofenprox 3
1 2

150

1. . .
2. 46 0 0
3.
4. emamectin benzoate (Proclaim 1.92%EC), fipronil (Ascend
5%SC), white oil(Vite oil 67.0%EC) , petroleum oil(SK99 83.9%EC) ,
imidacloprid(Provado70%WG) dinotefuran (Starkle 10%WP)
5.
6. 2
7. 100 20
8.

1. white oil 67%EC
100 / 20
2. petroreum spray oil 83.9%EC
100 / 20
3. imidacloprid 70 %WG
2 / 20
4. fipronil 5 % SC
20 / 20
5 dinotefuran 10 % WP
10 / 20
6. emamectin benzoate 1.92%EC
10 / 20
7. dinotefuran+ white oil
5 +50 . / 20
8
4
2x4
10
10 3

3, 5 7 100 /
151

IRRISTAT analysis of variance
DMRT (%
Efficacy) Henderson Tilton (Puntener, 1992)
(phytotoxicity)
2 2549 2550
. .
1 2 Bathrips melanicornis
Dorcadothrips sp

( 1)
22.33 36.00 / 3
analysis of
variance
3 44.33 /
3 fipronil 20 ./
20 2.67 / 3 imidacloprid
2 / 20 16.67 / 3
dinotefuran + white oil 5 .+ 50 ./ 20 emamectin benzoate
10 ./ 20 white oil 100 ./ 20
20.33, 25.67 26.67 / 3
imidacloprid
dinotefuran 10 ./ 20
petroleum oil 100 ./ 20 33.33 40.00 / 3

7 32.00 /
3 imidacloprid 2
152
/ 20 6.33 / 3
fipronil 20 ./ 20 emamectin benzoate 10 ./ 20
9.33 9.67 / 3 3
white oil 100 ./ 20 petroleum oil
100 ./ 20 dinotefuran 10 ./ 20 dinotefuran + white oil 5
.+ 50 ./ 20 13.67, 19.67, 15.33 17.33 / 3

1 , Bathrips melanicornis Dorcadothrips sp.

. .
(2549 2550)( 1)
(/ 3 ) 1/
(. ./
()
20 )
3
5
7
1. white oil 67 % EC
100
32.00
26.33 bcd
13.67 bc
2. petroleum oil 83.9 %EC
100
27.00
40.00 de
19.67 c
3. imidacloprid 70 % WG
2
25.67
16.67 ab
6.33 a
4. dinotefuran 10 % WP
10
22.33
33.33 cde
15.33 bc
5. fipronil 5 % SC
20
31.33
2.67 a
9.33 ab
6. emamectin benzoate 1.92 % EC
10
29.33
25.67 bd
9.67 ab
5 + 50
26.00
20.33 bc
17.33 c
8. untreated
36.00
44.33 e
32.00 d
CV (%)
26.00
30.60
26.30
1/ 5 %
DMRT
( 2)

Duncan , s New Multiple Range Test (DMRT)

153
( % efficacy )

Abbott

Henderson Tilton (Puntener, 1992)

% Efficacy = [( Ca.Tb Ta.Cb)/ Ca.Tb] x 100,
Ta = Number of thrips in the treated plot after application
Tb = Number of thrips in the treated plot before application
Ca = Number of thrips in the untreated plot after application
Cb = Number of thrips in the untreated plot before application
3
fipronil 93.07 % 50 %
7
imidacloprid 72.25 % fipronil emamectin benzoate
66.49 62.90 % white oil 51.94 %
50 %
154
2
. . (1 )
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
white oil 67 % EC
petroleum oil 83.9 %EC
imidacloprid 70 % WG
dinotefuran 10 % WP
fipronil 5 % SC
emamectin benzoate 1.92 % EC
dinotefuran+ white oil
(. ./ 20
)
100
100
2
10
20
10
5 + 50
(% )
()
1/
5
7
3
33.18
51.94
18.00
47.26
72.25
22.76
93.07
66.49
28.92
62.90
36.50
25.01
1/
2 2 1
( 3)
37.00 52.33 / 3
analysis of
variance
3 41.33 /
3
imidacloprid 2 / 20
2.00 / 3 fipronil 20 ./
20 emamectin benzoate 10 ./ 20 dinotefuran + white oil
5 .+ 50 ./ 20 dinotefuran 10 ./ 20 3.00,
7.67, 8.33 10.33 / 3
white oil 100 ./ 20 16.33
/ 3 imidacloprid, fipronil
emamectin benzoate petroleum oil
dinotefuran petroleum oil 100 ./ 20
22.33 / 3
white oil
155
5 24.33 /
3
fipronil 20 ./ 20
2.33 / 3 emamectin benzoate 10 ./
20 4.00 / 3
dinotefuran + white oil 5 .+ 50 ./ 20 white oil
100 ./ 20 imidacloprid 2 / 20 dinotefuran
10 ./ 20 7.33, 7.67, 8.00 8.33 / 3
emamectin benzoate
petroleum oil 100 ./ 20 14.33 / 3
7 36.67 /
3
fipronil 20 ./ 20
2.00 / 3 emamectin benzoate 10 ./
20 imidacloprid 2 / 20 dinotefuran + white oil 5 .+
50 ./ 20 white oil 100 ./ 20 dinotefuran 10
./ 20 5.33, 12.67, 15.33, 17.00 17.67 / 3
petroleum oil
100 ./ 20 25.00 / 3
fipronil emamectin benzoate
156
3 , Bathrips melanicornis Dorcadothrips sp.
. .
( - 2550) ( 2)
(/ 3 ) 1/
(. ./
()
20 )
3
5
7
100
43.67
16.33 bc
7.67 b 17.00 ab
100
46.33
22.33 c
14.33 c 25.00 b
2
46.67
2.00 a
8.00 b 12.67 ab
10
41.67
10.33 ab
8.33 b 17.67 ab
5. fipronil 5 % SC
20
52.00
3.00 a
2.33 a
2.00 a
10
37.00
7.67 a
4.00 ab
5.33 a
5 + 50
40.00
8.33 ab
7.33 b 15.33 ab
8. untreated
52.33
41.33 d
24.33 d 36.67 c
CV (%)
29.00
33.80
34.80
65.20
1/ 1/ 5 %
DMRT
( 4)
3
imidacloprid 94.57 % fipronil, emamectin benzoate, dinotefuran +
white oil, dinotefuran white oil 92.69, 73.75, 73.63, 68.61
52.65 % petroleum oil 50 %
5
fipronil 90.36 % emamectin benzoate, imidacloprid, white oil,
dinotefuran + white oil dinotefuran 76.74, 63.13, 62.22,
60.58 57.00 % petroleum oil 50 %
7
fipronil 94.51 % emamectin benzoate imidacloprid
79.44 61.25 % 50 %
157
4
. . ( 2)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
white oil 67 % EC
petroleum oil 83.9 %EC
imidacloprid 70 % WG
dinotefuran 10 % WP
fipronil 5 % SC
emamectin benzoate 1.92 % EC
dinotefuran+ white oil
(. ./ 20
)
100
100
2
10
20
10
5 + 50
(% )
()
3
5
7
52.65
62.22
44.44
38.98
33.47
22.99
94.57
63.13
61.25
68.61
57.00
39.48
92.69
90.36
94.51
73.75
76.74
79.44
73.63
60.58
45.30
( 5)

30 15
20 1 - 2
1
fipronil,
imidacloprid emamectin benzoate 130, 50
240 // white oil 75 //
5
1/
(. ./ 20 (/
/20 // 2/
)
)
100
150
15
75
100
150
15
75
2
5,000
10
50
10
1,850
18.5
92.5
5. fipronil 5 % SC
20
1,300
26
130
10
4,800
48
240
5 + 100
1,850+150
16.75
83.75
1/ 2550
2/ 100 /
158

(% Efficacy) fipronil
imidacloprid emamectin benzoate white oil fipronil
phenylpyrazoles
gamma amino butylic acid (GABA)
Thysanoptera,
Homoptera,
Hemiptera, Coleoptera Lepidotera

(,
2547) fipronil
130 //
dinotefuran imidacloprid neonicotinoids,
chloronicotinyl insecticides (, 2544 ; Anonymous, 1999 ; Anonymous, 2005 ;
Matsuda and Takahashi, 1996 ; Yamamoto, 1996 ; Yaguchi and Sato, 2001 ; )
Mode of action
nicotinic
acetylcholine
receptor (Insecticide Resistance Action Committee, 2007)

Homoptera,
Hemiptera,
Coleoptera Lepidotera
acetamiprid, clothianidin, dinotefuran, imidacloprid,
thiacloprid thiamethoxam imidacloprid

imidacloprid 46 // dinotefuran

( , 2548 ; , 2550)

emamectin benzoate avermectins

chloride channel
2 abamectin emamectin benzoate
159
emamectin benzoate
240 //
white oil petroleum oil

18
(Adjuvants)
paraffinic hydrocarbon

(, 2547)
petroleum oil white oil

Adjuvant

fipronil(Ascend 5%SC), imidacloprid (Provado 70%WG) emamectin benzoate
(Proclaim 1.92%EC) 20, 2 10 / 20 white oil (Vite oil
67 %EC)

8
. . .

160

. 2547. 2547

, . 284 .
. 2544. .
, . 52 .
, . 2547.
3 (
). 2548
, . 590-617.
. 2549.
. 2548
, . 590-617.
Anonymous . 1999 . Bay YRC 2894, thiacloprid a systemic insecticide for foliar
application against sucking and importance biting pests . Provision Technical
Information . Bayer Thai Co. , LTD. 22 pp.
Anonymous . 2005 . A Novel Systemic Insecticides, Dinotefuran. Technical Information .
Mitsui Chemicals, Inc. Tokyo, Japan. 15 pp.
Anonymous . 2008 . New Pest Management Technologies: Pesticide information on the
crop : basil.
http://www.pestmanagement.info/NPMT/pesticideinfo.cfm?crop=basil.
(2 2551)
Insecticide Resistance Committee. 2007. IRAC Mode of Action Classification.
www.irac-online.org. (2 2551)
Matsuda, M. and H. Takahashi. 1968. Mospilan (acetamiprid, NI 25) A New Systemic
Insecticide. Agrochemicals . Japan . 68 : 20 21 .
161
Puntener, M. 1992. Manual for Field Trials in Plant Protection . 3rd ed. Agricultural
Division, Ciba Geigy Limited. Switzerland. 271 pp.
Yaguchi , Y . and T . Sato . 2001 . Thiacloprid (bariard) a novel neonicotinoid insecticide
for foliar application . Agrochemicals Japan . 79 : 14-16 .
Yamamoto , I . 1996 . Neonicotinoids : mode of action and selectivity . Agrochemicals
Japan . 68 : 14 15 .
162
1/
Efficacy Trial of Insecticides for Controlling the Important Insect Pest on
Sunflower

. . 2550 -
2551 (Amrasca biguttula biguttula
(Ishida)) (Thrips palmi Karny) (Bemisia tabaci
(Gennadius)) 1 RCB 4 6
imidacloprid (Provado70% WG), acetamiprid (Molan 20%SP), dinotefuran (Stakle
10% WP), thiamethoxam (Actara 25% WG) buprofezin (Napam 25% WP)
2, 4, 10, 2, 20 / 20
imidacloprid dinotefuran
acetamiprid, imidacloprid, thiamethoxam
dinotefuran

(, 2537;
, 2538; , 2543)
1/
07-01-49-01-01-01-14-49
163
(Helicoverpa armigera Hubner) (2537)

1-4 /
(Ostrinia furnacalis Guenee)
10 /
(2542
2544) carbofuran (Furadan 3% G) benfuracarb (Oncol 3%
G) 6 /
cabosulfan (Posse 25% ST) imidacloprid (Guacho 70% WS)
20 2 / 1
2

Furadan 3% G
Posse 25% ST
triazophos (class 1b) LD50 82 (
, 2551)

1. 555
2. imidacloprid (Provado 70%
WG), acetamiprid (Molan 20% SP), dinotefuran (Stakle 10% WP),
thiamethoxam (Actara 25% WG) buprofezin (Napam 25% WP)
3.
4.
164
5.
11 2550
4x6 75x50
1.50
metolachlor 240 / 2 15 30
15-15-15 / 2

3, 5, 7, 10, 12 14 4
10 5

(phytotoxicity)
RCB 4 6
1. imidacloprid (Provado 70%WG) 2.0 / 20
2. acetamiprid (Molan 20%SP) 4.0 / 20

3. dinotefuran (Stakle 10%WP) 10.0 / 20
4. thiamethoxam (Actara 25%WG) 2.0 / 20
5. buprofezin (Napam 25%WP) 20.0 / 20
6.
. .
2548 2551 3
165

1 5 , Amrasca
biguttula biguttula (Ishida), , Thrips palmi Karny
, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) 2 Dysmicoccus neobrevipes
Beardsley Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley 1
30
, A. biguttula biguttula 9.70
13.50 / (Table 1)
3
imidacloprid (Provado 70% WP) dinotefuran
(Stakle 10% WP) 2.0 10.0 / 20
0.65 0.93 / thiamethoxam (Actara 25%
WG) 20 / 20 acetamiprid (Molan 20% SP) 4 /
20 buprofezin (Napam 25% WP) 20 / 20
1.08, 1.70 2.70 /
15.60 / (Table 1)
5, 7, 10 12 5 imidacloprid,
dinotefuran, acetamiprid, thiamethoxam buprofezin

3, 5, 7, 10, 12, 14 0.65 - 2.70,
0.50 - 2.05, 0.73 1.63, 0.25 0.93, 0.43 1.28 0.68 1.85 /
15.60, 16.28, 14.28, 15.13, 11.83 9.60 / (Table
1)
, T. palmi 0.78 - 1.48 /
(Table 2)
3 0.68 2.73 / 5
imidacloprid, acetamiprid thiamethoxam 2.0, 4.0, 2.0 / 20

166
0.18, 0.38, 0.78 /
2.10 / (Table 2)
7 imidacloprid acetamiprid
0.20 0.30 /
0.95 / 10
0.08 0.15 /
12 5
0.20 0.80 / 5.75 /
14
0.30 0.88 /
(Table 2)
, B. tabaci
0.18 0.43 / 3, 5,
7, 10, 12 14
0.30 1.55 / (Table 3)

0.00 0.23 / (Table 4)
45 88.58
96.75 82
11.29 12.24
(Table 5)
348.00 / 307.20 381.60
/ 320.00 / 281.60 350.40
/ 28.00 / 21.60 32.00
/ 91.94 8.07
91.18 93.16 6.84 8.82 (Table 5)

167

imidacloprid ,acetamiprid, dinotefuran , thiamethoxam buprofezin
acetamiprid, imidacloprid, thiamethoxam dinotefuran
. 2551. 2551.

. . 295 .
. 2538.
. 49-61. :
.
. 17-22 2538.,
.
. 2537. . . . . 16(2) :
104-106.
168
. 2542.

. 117-122. :
1. 7-8 2542.
, .
. 2543. . . . .
22(3): 250-253.
. 2544.
. 200-209. :
2. 16-17 2544.
.
169
Table 1. Effectiveness of Some Insecticides for Controlling the Cotton Leafhopper, Amrasca biguttula biguttula (Ishida), on Sunflower, Amphur Pattananikom,
Lop Buri Province, December, 2007 - March, 2008
Treatment
2.0
10.0
4.0
2.0
20.0
-
Number of cotton leaf hopper /plant 1/

Before
After Application
Application
3 DAY
5 DAY
11.50
0.65 a
0.83 a
13.50
0.93 a
0.50 a
9.83
1.70 a
1.98 a
11.63
1.08 a
1.55 a
9.70
2.70 a
2.05 a
12.48
15.60 b
16.28 b
NS
**
**
24.00
57.30
28.60
7 DAY
0.73 a
0.78 a
1.16 a
1.35 a
1.63 a
14.28 b
**
30.80
10 DAY
0.75 a
0.25 a
0.75 a
0.40 a
0.93 a
15.13 b
**
52.6
1/ Within a column, means followed by the same letter are not significantly different at 5 % level of Duncan New Multiple Range Test
** = highly significant NS = Not significant
12 DAY
1.18 a
0.43 a
1.18 a
0.70 a
1.28 a
11.83 b
**
38.60
14 DAY
0.95 a
0.68 a
1.85 a
1.55 a
1.63 a
9.60 b
**
39.2
169
1. imidacloprid (Provado 70%WG)

2. dinotefuran (Stakle 10%WP)
3. acetamiprid (Molan 20%SP)
4. thiamethoxam (Actara 25%WG)
5. buprofezin (Napam 25%WP)
6. Control
F-test
C.V. (%)
Rate of Application
(ml /20 liters)
170
Table 2. Effectiveness of Some Insecticides for Controlling Cotton Thrips,Thrips palmi Karny, on Sunflower, Amphur Pattananikom, Lop Buri Province,
December, 2007 - March, 2008
Treatment
7 DAY
0.20 a
1.05 c
0.30 ab
0.83 bc
0.55 abc
0.93 c
*
54.80
10 DAY
0.10
0.10
0.08
0.15
0.15
0.13
NS
95.20
* = significant ** = highly significant NS = Not significant
12 DAY
0.20 a
1.03 a
0.10 a
0.80 a
0.73 a
5.75 b
**
112.4
14 DAY
0.30
0.80
0.45
0.70
0.88
0.85
NS
58.90
170

6. Control
F-test
C.V. (%)
Rate
of Number of thrips /plant 1/
Application
After Application
Before
(ml /20 liters)
Application 3 DAY
5 DAY
2.0
0.93
0.75
0.18 a
10.0
0.88
2.18
1.53 bc
4.0
0.95
0.68
0.38 a
2.0
1.48
1.65
0.78 ab
20.0
0.78
1.98
1.38 bc
1.13
2.73
2.10 c
NS
NS
**
33.00
63.70
59.70
171
Table 3. Effectiveness of Some Insecticides for Controlling the Tobacco Whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius), on Sunflower, Amphur
Pattananikom, Lop Buri Province, December, 2007 - March, 2008
Treatment
7 DAY
0.95
0.50
0.70
0.58
0.90
0.58
NS
55.40
10 DAY
0.60
0.50
0.33
0.80
0.38
0.33
NS
70.80
* = significant NS = Not significant
12 DAY
1.03
0.85
0.95
1.55
0.78
0.68
NS
39.70
14 DAY
0.88
0.95
0.80
1.30
0.65
0.75
NS
49.10
171

6. Control
F-test
C.V. (%)
Rate
of Number of Tobacco Whitefly / plant 1/
Application
After Application
Before
(ml /20 liters)
Application
3 DAY
5 DAY
2.0
0.20
1.03
0.63 abc
10.0
0.18
0.53
0.45 ab
4.0
0.43
0.45
0.30 a
2.0
0.38
0.98
1.00 c
20.0
0.43
0.73
0.88 bc
0.15
0.55
0.63 abc
NS
NS
*
85.60
49.60
44.50
172
Table 4. Effect of Some Insecticides for Controlling Sunflower Insect Pests on Spiders, Amphur Pattananikom, Lop Buri Province, December, 2007 - March, 2008
Treatment
7 DAY
0.13
0.05
0.08
0.30
0.08
0.05
NS
111.90
10 DAY
0.08
0.10
0.23
0.13
0.10
0.08
NS
87.60
12 DAY
0.23
0.15
0.15
0.05
0.00
0.12
NS
74.80
14 DAY
0.10
0.08
0.03
0.10
0.08
0.08
NS
102.30
172

6. Control
F-test
C.V. (%)
NS = Not significant
Rate
of Number of Spider / plant 1/
Application
After Application
Before
(ml /20 liters)
Application
3 DAY
5 DAY
2.0
0.05
0.08
0.05
10.0
0.18
0.10
0.05
4.0
0.15
0.05
0.08
2.0
0.15
0.05
0.08
20.0
0.08
0.08
0.03
0.23
0.18
0.08
NS
NS
NS
92.20
123.30
166.60
173
Table 5. Effect of Some Insecticides for Controlling Sunflower Insect Pests on Plant height, Flower width and Yields of Sunflower , Amphur Pattananikom, Lop Buri
Province, December, 2007 - March, 2008
Treatment
Seed yield Good seed

(Kg/rai)
(Kg/rai)
Damaged seed
(Kg/rai)
%
Good seed
369.60
352.00
307.20
381.60
364.80
312.80
NS
15.90
32.00
30.40
25.60
31.20
27.20
21.60
NS
23.50
91.18
91.41
91.50
91.72
92.64
93.16
NS
2.10
337.60
321.60
281.60
350.40
337.60
291.20
NS
16.50
%
Damaged
seed
8.82
8.60
8.50
8.28
7.36
6.84
NS
23.6
173

6. Control
F-test
C.V. (%)
NS = Not significant
Rate
of Plant height Flower width
Application
(cm)
(cm)
(ml /20 liters)
2.0
96.75
11.70
10.0
94.03
11.75
4.0
88.58
11.34
2.0
92.70
12.24
20.0
89.93
11.91
92.48
11.29
NS
NS
10.00
8.00
174
Study on Efficiency of New Herbicides in Economic Crop

RCB 3 14 pendimethalin, dimethenamid,
flumioxazin, propisochlor, metolachlor, s-metolachlor, metribuzin, clomazone, oxadiazon,
oxyfluorfen, acetochlor alachlor 330, 108, 20, 108, 336, 144, 105, 141.6, 150,
37.6, 250 336
.
2551 dimethenamid.
Metolachlor, metribuzin, clomazone, oxyfluorfen alachlor

propisochlor pendimethalin, clomazone
acetochlor

dimethenamid, metolachlor s-metolachlor . 30

pendimethalin, metolachlor, s-metolachlor, clomazone, oxadiazon, acetochlor
alachlor
( Vegetable soybean )

2546
11,285 784
07-01-49-01
175

2 15-20 30- 40 (
,2538)
alachlor, metolachlor clomazone
( ,2538) (2531)
oxadiazon, acetochlor alachlor 100-120, 160-240 320
80

1. AGS 292
2. oxadizon, pendimethalin, alachlor, metolachlor, s-metolachlor,
propisochlor, dimethanamid, acetochlor, oxyfluorfen, flumioxazin, clomazone
metribuzin
3.
4. 15-15-15
5.
RCB 3 14
1) pendimethalin
330 ai/
2) dimethenamid
108 ai/
3) flumioxazin
20 ai/
4) propisochlor
108 ai/
5) metolachlor
336 ai/
6) s-metolachlor
144 ai/
105 ai/
7) metribuzin
176
8) clomazone
9) oxadiazon
10) oxyfluorfen
11) acetochlor
12) alachlor
13)
14)
141.6 ai/
150 ai/
37.6 ai/
250 ai/
336 ai/
4x6 20x50
. 2-3 alachlor, propisochlor,
pendimethalin, flumioxazin, metolachlor, acetochlor, oxadiazon, oxyfluorfen, clomazone,
s-metolschlor, metribuzin dimethanamid
20 40 15-15-15 50
2 20 2 40
15 30

- 2551
.
15 dimethenamid,
metolachlor, metribuzin, clomazone, oxyfluorfen alachlor
pendimethalin, flumioxazin,
propisochlor, s-metolachlor, oxadiazon acetochlor
0.3-1.3 ( 1 )
dimethenamid,
propisochlor, metribuzin oxyfluorfen
5.5-6.7 7.5-9.6 ( 1 )
30
alachlor 21.3, 72.0, 87.3, 53.3, 83.3, 21.3 88.7
177
26.7
( 2 ) ( 1 )
(Echinochloa colona (L.) Link ) ( Brachiaria reptans (L. )
Gard & Hubb.) ( Digitaria ciliaris ( Retz. ) Koel. ) ( Ipomoea
pestigridis Linn.) ( Euphorbia heterophylla Linn. ) ( Corchorus
aestuans Linn. )
30

27.2 32.5 25.9
( 2 )
29,896 40,108
24,272 ( 2 )
pendimethalin,
metolachlor, s-metolachlor, clomazone, oxadiazon, acetochlor alachlor
17.8, 15.9, 15.5, 14.7, 16.5, 16.2 14.9
16.1
9.2 ( 3 )
alachlor 29.1, 24.6, 24.1, 24.4, 27.5, 26.2 25.6
25.9
1 3 . 0 ( 3 )

832.7 pendimethalin, metolachlor, smetolachlor, clomazone, oxadiazon, acetochlor alachlor 564.6,
689.6, 708.8, 687.5, 713.4, 626.9 614.9
275.7 ( 3 )

dimethenamid. Metolachlor, metribuzin, clomazone, oxyfluorfen alachlor

propisochlor

178
pendimethalin, clomazone acetochlor

dimethenamid, metolachlor s-metolachlor .
30
pendimethalin, metolachlor, s-metolachlor, clomazone,
oxadiazon, acetochlor alachlor

. 2538. .

50
. . 19 .
. 2538. 2538.
. 144 .
. 2531. 3
. . 1 .
(). 8 2552 ( http://www.lartc.rmutl.ac.th/d_research.php)
179
1 15
pendimethalin
dimethenamid
flumioxazin
propisochlor
metolachlor
s-metolachlor
metrubuzin
clomazone
oxadiazon
oxyfluorfen
acetochlor
alachlor
( ai/ )
330
108
20
108
336
144
105
141.6
150
37.6
250
336
-
1/
0 =
1 3=
4 6 =
7 9 =
10 =

1/
2/
1.0
8.5
0.0
6.0
0.3
7.5
0.7
5.5
0.0
7.2
0.3
9.0
0.0
6.3
0.0
7.8
0.7
9.6
0.0
6.7
1.3
8.7
0.0
8.7
2/
0 =
1 3 =
4 6 =
7 9 =
10 =
180
2 30
2/
( ai/ )
(/..)
(.) (/)
pendimethalin
330
21.3a1/
28.1abc
24,272b
dimethenamid
108
228.7cd
31.9a
37,592a
flumioxazin
20
168.7bc
28.7abc
30,340ab
propisochlor
108
170.7bc
27.2abc
29,896ab
metolachlor
336
72.0ab
32.5a
38,332a
s-metolachlor
144
87.3ab
30.0a
39,072a
metrubuzin
105
221.3cd
30.6ab
35,964a
clomazone
141.6
53.3a
28.6abc
39,072a
oxadiazon
150
83.3ab
28.0abc
35,520a
oxyfluorfen
37.6
166.7bc
29.3abc
35,668a
acetochlor
250
21.3a
29.8abc
30,932ab
alachlor
336
88.7ab
28.6abc
31,820ab
26.7a
28.2abc
40,108a

307.3d
25.9c
30,044ab
CVZ (%)
44.9
8.1
16.0
1/
95 DMRT
2/
1.
( Echinochloa colona (L.) Link )
2.
( Digitaria ciliaris ( Retz. ) Koel. )
3.
( Brachiaria reptans ( L. ) Gard & Hubb. )
4.
( Ipomoea pestigridis Linn. )
5.
( Euphorbia heterophylla Linn. )
6.
( corchorus aestuans Linn. )
181

(/)
/
(./)
pendimethalin
17.8a1/
29.1a
564.6abc
dimethenamid
11.0de
15.1d
454.1bc
flumioxazin
12.7cde
19.5bcd
487.5bc
propisochlor
10.9de
14.6d
278.9c
metolachlor
15.9ab
24.6abc
689.6ab
s-metolachlor
15.5abc
24.1abc
708.8ab
metrubuzin
11.2cde
18.5cd
453.2bc
clomazone
14.7abcd
24.4abc
687.5ab
oxadiazon
16.5ab
27.5ab
713.4ab
oxyfluorfen
12.7bcde
18.3cd
411.5bc
acetochlor
16.2ab
26.2abc
626.9ab
alachlor
14.9abcd
25.6abc
614.9ab
16.1ab
25.9abc
832.7a

9.2e
13.0d
275.7c
CVZ (%)
16.8
20.5
29.5
1/
95 DMRT
( ai/ )
330
108
20
108
336
144
105
141.6
150
37.6
250
336
-
182
Efficacy Test of Some Insecticides of Controlling Sucking Insects in Okra

by Soildent Stem Spray Method

2551 dinotefuran 10% WP 40 20

dinotefuran 10% WP 20 20 thiamethoxam 25% WG 20
20 7 6

2552

neonicotinoid 1
07-01-49-01-01-01-24-51
183
-
- thiamethoxam (Actara 25 % WG),dinotefuran (Starkle 10 %WP),
clothianidin (Dentosu 16 %SG) ,imidacloprid (Confidor 10 %SL)
-
- , ,
RCB 9 4
1 thiamethoxam (Actara 25 % WG) 10 / 20
2 thiamethoxam (Actara 25 % WG) 20 / 20
3 dinotefuran (Starkle 10 %WP) 20 / 20
4 dinotefuran (Starkle 10 %WP) 40 / 20
5 clothianidin (Dantosu 16 %SG) 10 / 20
6 clothianidin (Dentosu 16 %SG) 20 / 20
7 imidacloprid (Confidor 10 %SL) 20 ./ 20
8 imidacloprid (Confidor 10 %SL) 40 . / 20
9
2
1 25 . /
( 80 /) 5x6
7 7
phytotoxic
2550 -
2552
184
2551
1
RCB 4 9 1
24
5 1
7
1. ( 1)

0.8-3.0 10
7
1.8 10
14
thiamethoxam 25% WG 20 20
0.5 10
21
clothianidin 16% SG 10 20
dinotefuran 10% WP 40 20
23.8 10
28
clothianidin 16% SG 10 20
dinotefuran 10% WP 40 20
24.9 10
35
thiamethoxam 25% WG 20 20 ,
dinotefuran 10% WP 20 40 20 , clothianidin
16% SG 20 20 imidacloprid 10% SL 40
20 dinotefuran 10% WP 40 20
185
36.5 10
nicotinioid 4 35
42 dinotefuran 10% WP
40 20 179.8 10

40 20 324.3
10
2. ( 2)

12.8-34.0 10
7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42 49

3 ,

40 20
dinotefuran 10% WP 20 20 thiamethoxam 25% WG
20 20 neonicotinoid thiamethoxam,
dinotefuran, clothianidin imidacloprid
35

186
1
- 2551
1/
20 )
10
20
20
40
10
20
20
40
-
2.8
3.0
1.0
0.8
1.5
1.3
2.5
2.8
2.0
( 10 )1/
()
7
2.8a
2.7a
5.2ab
4.3ab
9.1abc
5.1ab
11.2bc
1.8a
15.4c
74.9
154.2
14
30.7ab
0.5a
8.0a
12.9a
34.4ab
18.8a
28.6ab
9.7a
64.2b
100.8
102.4
21
111.6ab
45.7a
34.4a
23.8a
178.4b
79.0ab
118.5ab
90.4ab
335.2c
60.9
103.1
28
114.3ab
53.3a
52.1a
24.9a
192.9bc
121.7abc
127.2abc
104.6ab
238.3c
66.2
105.2
35
166.8c
105.0abc
62.3ab
36.5a
195.5c
107.0abc
155.5bc
111.3abc
204.0c
47.7
93.2
42
436.5bc
404.3b
428.8bc
179.8a
504.50cd
444.8bc
433.3bc
351.8b
543.3d
14.3
93.2
49
611.5b
780.3c
687.8bc
324.3a
681.3bc
728.5bc
626.8bc
595.0b
686.5bc
16.1
93.8
4 95% DMRT
186
1. .thiamethoxam 25 %WG
2. .thiamethoxam 25 %WG
3. .dinotefuran 10 %WP
4. .dinotefuran 10 %WP
5. .clothianidin 16 %SG
7. .imidacloprid 10 %SL
9.
CV (%)
RE (%)
(,/
187
2
- 2551
1/
/ 20 )
10
20
20
40
10
20
20
40
-
26.3
14.8
18.8
16.5
12.8
16.0
20.3
17.0
34.0
57.6
( 10 )1/
()
7
35.0ab
36.5ab
34.0ab
54.5b
29.3a
32.3ab
38.5ab
30.5a
34.0ab
39.0
14
57.3
57.3
43.3
43.5
41.3
42.0
48.3
43.8
47.0
30.8
21
42.0ab
45.0ab
35.0a
33.0a
41.8ab
33.0a
34.3a
29.3a
55.5b
30.8
28
54.3ab
65.3b
63.0b
51.0ab
28.3a
42.5ab
33.0a
39.5ab
44.5ab
36.2
35
11.5
11.8
7.5
11.8
9.5
9.5
8.3
7.3
12.5
46.6
42
4.5
3.5
3.0
4.8
3.5
3.0
2.3
4.3
1.8
88.5
49
1.0
1.8
1.5
1.3
0.8
0.3
1.3
0.5
0.5
136.8
4 95% DMRT
187
1. thiamethoxam 25 %WG
.2. thiamethoxam 25 %WG
.3. dinotefuran 10 %WP
4. dinotefuran 10 %WP
9.
CV (%)
(,
188
Efficiency of Bacteria Virus and Insecticides for Controlling

Common Cutworm on Chili and Effective on natural enemies

- 2551 RCB 4
8 , NPV,emamectin benzoate,
lufenoron, spinosad, indoxacarb chlorfenapyr
emamectin benzoate , lufenuron, spinosad, indoxacarb, chlorfenapyr

1 (Stink bug : Ecocanthecona furcellata (Wolff))
07-01-49-01-01-01-25-51
189

5 6

(common cutworm : Spodoptera litura (Fabricius))

NPV

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Bacillus thuringiensis var aizawai Xentari

Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus (NPV) DOA Bio V3
emamectin benzoate (Proclaim 1.92% EC) , lufenuron
(Math 5% EC), spinosad (Success 120 SC 12% SC) , indoxacarb (Ammate
15% SC) chlorfenapyr (Rampage 10% SC)
mancozeb 80% WP prochloraz 50% WP
15-15-15 13-13-21
Besmor 62%
190
Randomize complete block 4 8

1 Bacteria (Xentari)
60 / 20
2 Sl NPV (DOA Bio V3)
50 ./ 20
3 emamectin benzoate (Proclaim )1.92% EC 15 ./ 20
4 lufenuron (Math) 5% EC
20 ./ 20
5 spinosad (Success 120 SC)12% SC
15 ./ 20
6 indoxacarb (Ammate) 15% SC
15 ./ 20
7 chlorfenapyr (Rampage )10% SC
30 ./ 20
8
30 5x6
0.8x 0.6 1 77 /

1 / 5-7
80 / 20 /

20 /
- 2551
. .
5 ( 1
4 ) 1
15.8-26.8 / 20 4

7.0-18.3,4.0-12.0,0.3-18.5 0.0-6.3 / 20
1-4 26.3,32.3, 29.3
11.0 / 20 1-4 NPV Bio V3
25.5 / 20 2
emamectin benzoate ,lufenuron,
191
spinosad, indoxacarb chlorfenapyr
4 1
(Stink bug : Ecocanthecona furcellata (Wolff))
1.5-3.8 /20
11.3 /20

6.3-12.7 /20
4.5 /20
emamectin benzoate ,lufenuron, spinosad, indoxacarb chlorfenapyr
9.6,12.4,10.8, 11.9, 12.1 12.7 /20
NPV Bio V3 6.3 /20

emamectin benzoate ,lufenuron, spinosad, indoxacarb
chlorfenapyr
1
(Stink bug : Ecocanthecona furcellata (Wolff))
192
1
- 2551
1/
60
50
15
20
15
15
30
-
(/20 )
17.8
16.5
17.0
15.8
17.0
21.8
26.8
21.0
34.2
-
14.3 ab 1/
18.3 b
9.8 a
14.3 ab
12.0 ab
13.0 ab
7.0 a
26.3 c
33.4
-
12.0 a
25.5 b
5.0 a
11.0 a
8.5 a
6.0 a
4.0 a
32.3 b
49.0
77.5
95% DMRT
8.5 ab
18.5 b
1.0 a
6.0 a
7.0 a
1.5 a
0.3 a
29.3 c
82.6
62.2
1.3 a
6.3 b
0.0 a
1.0 a
1.0 a
0.3 a
0.3 a
11.0 c
74.6
69.9
(/80 )
2.0 a1/
3.3 a
1.8 a
3.8 a
1.8 a
2.5 a
1.5 a
11.3 b
60.8
-
192
1. Bacteria (Xentari)
2. Sl NPV (DOA Bio V3)
3. emamectin benzoate (Proclaim )1.92% EC
4. lufenuron (Math) 5% EC
5. spinosad (Success 120 SC)12% SC
6. indoxacarb (Ammate) 15% SC
7. chlorfenapyr (Rampage )10% SC
8.
CV %
RE %
(/ 20 )
(/20 )
()
1
2
3
4
193
2
- 2551
1/
95% DMR
/20
9.6 b 1/
6.3 c
12.4 a
10.8 ab
11.9 a
12.1 a
12.7 a
4.5 d
193
1. Bacteria (Xentari)
2. Sl NPV (DOA Bio V3)
3. emamectin benzoate (Proclaim )1.92% EC
4. lufenuron (Math) 5% EC
5. spinosad (Success 120 SC)12% SC
6. indoxacarb (Ammate) 15% SC
7. chlorfenapyr (Rampage )10% SC
8.
CV %
(/ 20 )
60
50
15
20
15
15
30
-
194
Efficacy of Some Nematicides for Control of Root-Knot Disease

on Chili
*

__________________________

4 1
M. incognita 2 X 3 39
3 13
1
490.26
abamectin 2
0.34 furfural 2
chlorpyrifos 2 , benfuracarb 2 , carbosulfan 0.5
, abamectin 1 carbosulfan 1 1.25
1.56 1.64 1.75 1.90 1.94
2.90 benfuracarb 1 , carbofuran 5
/ ,carbofuran 10 / , chlorpyrifos 1 furfural 1
2.66 2.86 2.94 3.01 3.01
abamectin 2

07-01-49-01
* . . 4
195
(2523)
Meloidogyne incognita
-1 (2531) 2
2,000 /500 -1
26% 16%
3,000 /500 (2532)
2 2,000/
500 25% 3,870/500
5
46.34 % 1.89 %
0.91 %

(Nematicides)
(Insecticides)
(Active Ingredient)
(2550)
(abamectin) M. incognita
(benfuracarb) (carbofuran)
5 ppm. M. incognita (Osaki et
al., 1996) Rao, et al.(1998) 2 ./
M. incognita
2 / Kathirvel et al. (1992) (carbosulfan) 6%
M. incognita Mahanta(1992)
(chlorpyrifos) (dimethoate) (monocrotophos)
(triazophos) (phosalone)
0.2% M. incognita 500
control (2542)
M. incognita (fenamiphos)
196
(ethoprophos) (cadusafos) (oxamyl)
(2547)

(2550)

1. 6
1.1 abamectin ( 1.8%EC)
1.2 benfuracarb ( )
1.3 carbofuran ( 3% )
1.4 carbosulfan ( )
1.5 chlorpyrifos ( )
1.6 furfural ( )
2.
3. M. incognita
RCB 13 3
1 abamectin 1 / 1 /
2 benfuracarb 1 / 1 /
3 carbofuran 5 /
4 carbosulfan 0.5 / 1 /
5 chlorpyrifos 1 / 1 /
6 furfural 1 / 1 /
7 abamectin 2 / 1 /
8 benfuracarb 2 / 1 /
9 carbofuran 10 /
10 carbosulfan 1 / 1 /
11 chlorpyrifos 2 / 1 /
197
12 furfural 2 / 1 /
13

4 1,000
M. incognita 2 X 3
39 3 13
2 M. incognita
42 / 500 1
50 50
24 936

8 6 0 =
, 1 = 1-10%, 2 = 11- 25%, 3 = 2650%, 4 = 51-75% 5 = 76-100% (DiSanzo et al, 1978)
2550 2551

4
1
490.26
abamectin 2 / 1 / 0.34
furfural 2 / 1 /
chlorpyrifos 2 / 1 / , benfuracarb 2
/ 1 / , carbosulfan 0.5 / 1 / , abamectin
198
1 / 1 / carbosulfan 1 / 1 /
1.25 1.56 1.64 1.75 1.90 1.94
2.90 5
benfuracarb 1 / 1 / , carbofuran 5
/ , carbofuran 10 / , chlorpyrifos 1 / 1 / ,
furfural 1 / 1 / 2.66 2.86 2.94 3.01
3.01
CV 49.30% CV
53.50%

Thirugnanum,(1978)

Meloidogyne spp.
abamectin 2
M.incognita

2

199
1
()
abamectin
benfuracarb
carbofuran
carbosulfan
chlopyrifos
furfural
abamectin
benfuracarb
carbofuran
carbosulfan
chlopyrifos
furfural
Control
521.67 a
661.67 a
720.00 a
648.33 a
516.67 a
471.67 a
333.33 a
440.00 a
495.00 a
470.00 a
261.67 a
276.67 a
556.67 a
490.26
1.90 ab
2.66 b
2.86 b
1.75 ab
3.01 b
3.01 b
0.34 a
1.64 ab
2.94 b
1.94 ab
1.56 ab
1.25 ab
2.90 b
2.13
49.30
53.50
CV(%)
* 6 0 =
, 1 = 1-10%, 2 = 11- 25%, 3 = 26-50%,
4 = 51-75% 5 = 76-100%
6 abamectin, benfuracarb, carbofuran, carbosulfan, chlopyrifos
furfural
200
. 2542. .
. 171 .
. 2547. .
. .
.
. 284 .
. 2532.
Meloidogyne incognita 5.
2532. . .
. . 1- 7.
. 2550. . 80 (5) : 70-73.
. 2523.
Meloidogyne incognita. 2523.
2 . . .
. 54-61.
. 2531.
-1 Meloidogyne incognita (Kofo.& Whit.)
Chit. 2532. .
. . . 62-66.
. 2550. abamectin
. 2550 3.
. . .
1815-1819.
DiSanto, C.P., J. Feldmesser, R.F.Myers, F.C.OMelia, R.M.Riedel and A.E.Steel.1978.
Guidelines for evaluating nematicides in greenhouses and growth chambers
for control of root-knot nematodes. pp.101-103 . In E.I.Zehr(Ed. Chairman)
Methods for Evaluating Plant Fungicides, Nematicides, and Bactericides.
The American Phytopathological Society.
201
Kathirvel, M., M. Balasubramanian, M. Gopalan and C. V. Sivakumar. 1992. Effect of
seed treatment with botanicals and chemical for the control of root-knot
nematode, Meloidogyne incognita infesting okra, Abelmoschus esculentus L.
Indian Journal of Plant Protection 20 (2) : 191 194.
Mahanta, B., A. Borah and P.N. Phukan. 1992. Effect of nematicidal seed soaking on
the development of Meloidogyne incognita on jute. Current Nematology
3 (2) :143 144.
Osaki, N., Y. Aoki and N. Umetsu. 1996. Nemastatic activity of benfuracarb against
southern root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita). Japanese Journal of
Applied Entomology and Zoology 40 (1) : 9 14.
Rao, M. S., P. Reddy and M. Nagesh. 1998. Effective use of neem cake extract for the
management of root-knot nematodes infecting okra (Abelmoschus esculentus)
Nematological Abstracts 67 (4) : 232.
Thirugnanum,M. 1978. Evaluation of nematicides for systemic eradication of rook-knot
Nematodes.pp.103-104. In E.I.Zehr(Ed. Chairman) Methods for Evaluating Plant
Fungicides, Nematicides, and Bactericides. The American Phytopathological
Society.
202
(Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner))

Efficacy Test of Insecticides for Controlling the Cotton Borer, (Hericovapa
amigera (Hubner) on Okra

- 2551 RCB 6 4
flubendiamide 20%WG, emamectin benzoate 1.92 %EC, lufenulon 5 %EC,
novaluron 10 %EC methoxyfenozide 24 %SC, 8 , 15, 20, 10 8
20
flubendiamide 20%WG, emamectin benzoate 1.92 %EC, lufenulon 5 %EC, novaluron 10
%EC methoxyfenozide 24 %SC 8 , 15, 20, 10 8 20

10

( 2542)
07-01-49-01
203

1.
2. flubendiamide 20%WG, emamectin benzoate 1.92 %EC, lufenulon
5 %EC, novaluron 10 %EC methoxyfenozide 24 %SC
3.
4. 15-15-15, 25-7-7
5.
Randomized Complete Block Desize 4 6
1. flubendiamide 20%WG
8 20
2. emamectin benzoate 1.92 %EC 15 20
3. lufenulon 5 %EC
20 20
4. novaluron 10 %EC
10 20
5. methoxyfenozide 24 %SC
8 20
6.

- 2551 5X6
1
5
5 10

2550 - 2553
204
1 (- 2551)
6 (
5 ) 1
14.75-20.50 10
5 flubendiamide 20%WG,
emamectin benzoate 1.92 %EC, lufenulon 5 %EC, novaluron 10 %EC
methoxyfenozide 24 %SC 8 , 15, 20, 10 8 20
0.00-0.75, 0.25-2.75, 0.00-6.75, 0.50-5.25, 0.754.75 10
flubendiamide 20%WP,
emamectin benzoate 1.92 %EC, lufenulon 5 %EC, novaluron 10 %EC
methoxyfenozide 24 %SC 8 , 15, 20, 10 8 20

flubendiamide 20%WP, emamectin benzoate 1.92 %EC,

lufenulon 5 %EC, novaluron 10 %EC methoxyfenozide 24 %SC 8 , 15, 20,
10 8 20

205
1/
5
0.00a
1.25a
0.00a
1.00a
0.75a
6.00b
63.20
4 95% DMRT
205
1
- 2551
( 10 )1/
(,/
5 ()
20 )
1
2
3
4
flubendiamide 20%WP
8
14.75
0.75a
0.50a
0.50a
0.00a
emamectin benzoate 1.92 %EC
15
17.25
2.75a
0.25a
1.00ab
1.25a
lufenulon 5 %EC
20
18.25
4.75a
2.75a
6.75b
2.00a
Novaluron 10 %EC
10
15.25
5.25a
0.50a
3.50ab
1.00a
methoxyfenozide 24 %SC
8
15.25
3.00a
1.50a
4.75ab
1.00a

20.50
18.25b
10.75b
15.25c
11.50b
CV (%)
22.40
71.40
82.10
68.20
62.00
206
Efficacy of Petroleum oil and Some Insecticides for Controlling

Scale and Mealy Bug on Ginger

2551 RCB 4
8 DC Treon plus malathion ,
SK 99 malathion , Sun spray ultra fine
malathion malathion

07-01-49-01-01-01-28-51
207
1.
2. DC Treon plus , SK 99 Sun spray ultra fine
3. malathion (Malafez 57% EC)
4. mancozeb (Penncozeb 80% WP)
5.
6. 15-15-15
7.

1 DC Tron plus
100 ./ 20
2 SK 99
100 ./ 20
3 Sun Spray Ultra fine 100 ./ 20
4 DC Tron plus
100 ./ 20
malathion 57% EC
40 ./ 20
100 ./ 20
5 SK 99
malathion 57% EC
40 ./ 20
6 Sun Spray Ultra fine 100 ./ 20
malathion 57% EC
40 ./ 20
7 malathion 57% EC
40 ./ 20
8
10 (2x5 )

1 /
5-7 80 /
10 /
2 /
208
- 2551
. .
209
Efficacy of Some Insecticides for Controlling the Key Insect Pests on Stinking

2551

. .
2550- 2551 RCB 4 5
spiromesifen (Oberon 24% SC) 15 ./ 20 , sulphur (Microthiol 80% WP)
60 ./ 20 , emamectin benzoate (Proclaim 1.92% EC) 15 ./ 20
amitraz (Mitac 20% EC) 60 ./ 20

amitraz (Mitac 20% EC) 60
./ 20

. . 2551- 2551
RCB 4 6 dinotefuran (Starkle 10% SL) 10
./ 20 , thiamethoxam (Actara 25% WG) 2 / 20 , imidacloprid
(Provado 70% WG) 2 / 20 , buprofezin (Napam 40% SC) 10 ./
20 thiamethoxam+lambda-cyhalothrin (Eforia 24.7% ZC)
buprofezin (Napam
40% SC) 10 ./ 20
07-01-49-01
210
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

RCB 4 5
1. spiromesifen (Oberon 24% SC) 15 ./ 20
2. sulphur (Microthiol 80% WP) 60 ./ 20
3. emamectin benzoate (Proclaim 1.92% EC) 15 ./ 20
4. amitraz (Mitac 20% EC) 60 ./ 20
5.
211
. .
3
3 5 7 10 13 20/

RCB 4 6
1. dinotefuran (Starkle 10% SL) 10 ./ 20
2. thiamethoxam (Actara 25% WG) 2 / 20
3. imidacloprid (Provado 70% WG) 2 / 20
4. buprofezin (Napam 40% SC) 10 ./ 20
5. thiamethoxam+lambda-cyhalothrin (Eforia 24.7% ZC) 4 ./ 20
6.
. .

11 (D VAC) 3 5 7
24
2550 2251
. .
. .
212
213
Dysmicoccus sp. 1
Field Trial on Effectiveness of Some Insecticides and Natural Products for
Control of The Mealy Bug, Dysmicoccus sp. on Sugar Apple

_______________________________
2
2550 2551 RCB 4 6
imidacloprid(Provado 70 %WG), thiamethoxam(Actara 25 %WG), dinotefuran(Starkle
10 %WP) white oil(Vite oil 67 %EC) 2, 2 , 20 100 / 20
Steinernema carpocapsae (Weiser) 5.0 x 107 / 20
2 7
3, 5 7
10 /

imidacloprid(Provado 70 %WG), thiamethoxam (Actara 25 %WG) dinotefuran
(Starkle 10 %WP) white oil
(Vite oil 67 %EC) Steinernema carpocapsae (Weiser)

07014901010130-51
214
(sugar apple custard apple) Annona squamosa

Linnaeus
2541 270,000
220,000 50,000 90
2540
136 5.0 2541 5 0.82
(, 2551)
Homoptera Pseudococcidae

Dysmicoccus
(Beardsley, 1959) (2543)
Dysmicoccus neobrevipes Beardsley
Ferrisia virgata (Cockererell)

1. . . 2
2. imidacloprid(Provado 70%WG) thiamethoxam(Actara 25%WG),
dinotefuran(Starkle 10%WP), white oil (Vite oil 67%EC)
Steinernema carpocapsae (Weiser)
3.
4.
5.
6. (syringe) 5 10 100
20
215
7.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
imidacloprid(Provado 70%WG) 2 / 20
thiamethoxam(Actara 25%WG) 2 / 20
dinotefuran(Starkle 10%WP) 20 / 20
white oil (Vite oil 67%EC) 100 / 20
Steinernema carpocapsae (NEMA-DOA 50 WP) 50 x 106
/ 20
6.
1 /
3, 5 7
10 /
2 / 2
7 3 /

analysis of variance(ANOVA)
analysis
of covariance (ANOCOVA) Duncans multiple range
tests(DMRT)
(Phytotoxicity)
2550 2551
2
1
( 1)
216
208.00-336.75 / 10
3, 5 7
ANOVA
3
28.5081.75 / 10
229.50 /10
5 48.75
69.25 / 10
230.00 /10
7 42.25
83.75 /10
279.75 /10
2 7 2
42.25279.75 /10
2 ANOCOVA
2 3 17.00
57.25 / 10
imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, dinotefuran white oil 17.00, 17.75,
18.25 18.00 /10
S. carpocapsae (Weiser)
57.25 / 10
317.75 /10
2 5 10.25
21.50 / 10
313.00 /10
2 7 7.25
23.00 / 10
imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, dinotefuran white oil 7.75, 7.25, 11.50
8.50 /10
S. carpocapsae (Weiser) 23.00 /
217
10
233.00 /10

2
( 2)
137.50226.00 / 10
3, 5 7
ANOCOVA
3 imidacloprid thiamethoxam
dinotefuran 21.75, 26.00 22.75 / 10

75.25 /10 white oil S.
carpocapsae (Weiser) 39.34 43.50 / 10
5
20.2572.00 / 10
thiamethoxam
7 imidacloprid
dinotefuran white oil S. carpocapsae (Weiser)
43.75, 32.75, 26.75, 69.57 45.50 / 10
132.75
/10
2 7 2
26.75132.75 /10
2 ANOCOVA
2 3 10.00
36.00 / 10
98.25 /10
218
2 5 16.75
32.00 / 10
76.75 /10
2 7 9.25
26.75 / 10
82.50 /10

white oil

2
3 S. carpocapsae
(Weiser) 1
3 7 2 white oil
S. carpocapsae (Weiser)
(GAP)
white oil white oil
1
white oil white oil
2

imidacloprid(Provado 70 %WG), thiamethoxam (Actara 25 %WG) dinotefuran
(Starkle 10 %WP) 2, 2 20 / 20 white oil
(Vite oil 67 %EC) S. carpocapsae (Weiser) (NEMA-DOA 50 WP) 100
50 x 106 / 20
219
. 2551. . http://www.doae.go.th/plant/s_apple/sugarapple.htm
. 2543. .
. 70 .
Beardsley,J.W. 1959. On the Taxonomy of Pineapple Mealybugs in Hawaii, with a
Distribution of a Previously Unnamed Species (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae).
Proc. Hawaiian Entomol. Soc. 17(1) : 29 37.
220
1
2551
( 1)
(/10 ) 1/
(
1
2
/ 20
3
5
7
3
5
7
1/
2
2
20
100
50 x 106
-
208.00
277.50
331.75
224.25
285.25
336.75
35.40
-
59.25 a
74.75 a
81.75 a
44.75 a
28.50 a
229.50 b
56.50
-
69.25 a 42.25 a
48.75 a 55.75 a
50.25 a 70.50 a
64.25 a 45.75 a
60.00 a 83.75 a
230.00 b 279.75 b
47.70
55.40
-
17.00 a
17.75 a
18.25 a
18.00 a
57.25 b
317.75 c
45.90
75.00
( 4 ) 95 % DMRT
12.25 a
10.25 a
10.25 a
12.25 a
21.50 a
313.00 b
42.10
133.30
7.75 a
7.25 a
11.50 a
8.50 a
23.00 b
233.00 c
34.30
64.70
220
1. imidacloprid(Provado 70%WG)
2. thiamethoxam(Actara 25%WG)
3. dinotefuran(Starkle 10%WP)
4. white oil(Vite oil 67%EC)
5. S. carpocapsae (Weiser)
6.
CV(%)
RE (%)
221
2
2551
( 2)
(/10 ) 1/
(
1
2
/ 20
3
5
7
3
5
7
1/
2
2
20
100
50 x 106
-
151.50 a 21.75 a 20.25 43.75 a

148.25 a 26.00 a 23.50 32.75 a
137.50 a 22.75 a 34.75 26.75 a
226.00 b 39.34 ab 70.75 69.57 a
168.75 ab 43.50 ab 25.25 45.50 a
164.50 ab 75.25 b 72.00 2/ 132.75 b
25.90
72.10
86.20
46.80
101.20
82.50
136.70
16.00 a
14.75 a
11.50 a
36.00 a
10.00 a
98.25 b
55.20
122.30
( 4 ) 95 % DMRT
2/
5
19.50 a
18.75 a
17.50 a
32.00 a
16.75 a
76.75 b
58.90
71.10
18.75 a
15.25 a
9.25 a
26.75 a
14.50 a
82.50 b
46.30
75.20
221
1. imidacloprid(Provado 70%WG)
2. thiamethoxam(Actara 25%WG)
3. dinotefuran(Starkle 10%WP)
4. white oil(Vite oil 67%EC)
5. S. carpocapsae (Weiser)
6.
CV(%)
RE (%)
222
Apply the Bio-pesticide to Control Chilli Anthracnose.

Colletotrichum gloeosporioides(Syd.)
Butler & Bisby C. capsici Penz.
3-5
Bacillus subtilis
B subtilis 5

2550 2551
5
20 20 34.91 49.26
07-01-49-02
223

2549/2550 220,734 353,922.46 (:
2550)

2550 100
2,131.83 63.31
22.27 866.79
17.84 103.28
0.54 22.65 ( 2550)
3-5

7 - 10

Bacillus subtilis
60 (, 2546) Bacillus
subtilis
B. subtilis
Trichoderma harzianum
B. subtilis (,2547 2548 )
(2546) Bacillus amyloliquefaciens

benomyl mancozeb
Gliocladium virens
224
C. gloeosporioides (2550)
(2549,2550)
Bacillus C. gloeosporioides 13
5
20W16 22W8 1G8 20W33 20W5

2549/2550
10
B.
subtilis
( 2550)

.. 2550/2551
RCB 4 6
1 B. subtilis 1G8
2 B. subtilis 20W 5
3 B. subtilis 20W 16
4 B. subtilis 20 W 33
225
5 B. subtilis 22 W 8
6
45 0.5 x 5 96 (
4 )

20
20 5

20
2550 2551
15.84
8.84
10.31
20W16
20W 33
49.11 20W16
45.26 1G8
34.91
2549

2552

226

/
/
()
1. B. Subtilis 1G8
10.31
89.69
34.91
2. B. Subtilis 20W 5
9.29
90.71
41.35
8.67
91.33
45.26
8.06
91.94
49.11
5. B. Subtilis 22 W 8
8.84
91.16
44.19
6.
15.84
84.16
C.V.(%)
39.89

5 20 20
34.91 49.26
227
2546.
Colletotrichum spp.
48 6
.2550.
.
8 91.
. 2549. Bacillus
. / 2549
234.
. 2550. Bacillus
. 2550
1342-1355.
. 2546.
1 456.
. 2547.
2 630.
. 2548.
2 1028.
. 2550.
2550
316-320.
228
Efficacious Study on Spraying Technique for Controlling

Anthracnose Disease on Chilli

________________________________

2551
prochloraz (Garret 45% EC) 20 . 20
2.5 2.5 X 14.0 2
RCB 5 4 1.
() 120 /
2. disc and core 80 100 / 3.
80 100 /
4. Wizza 20-30 / 5.
8 1.5 30

5

70 2552

1
070149-02-01-01-05-51
229

2549 2550

Tartrazine
100 /

biological
(anthracnose)
1. (motorized high pressure

knapsack sprayer)
2. (motorized knapsack mist blower)
3. 3 ,
(disc and core) D4 C25
4. 2 Wizza 3/64 1/16
5. prochloraz (Garret 45% EC)
6. imidacloprid (Confidor 10% SL)
7. spiromesifen (Oberon 24% SC) fipronil
(Ascend 5% SC)
8.
230
9. 2.5 x 14.0 x 2 20
10.
11.
12.

2551
RCB 5 4
1.
3 120 / 28
/ ()
2.
disc and core D4 C25 80-100 /
31 26 /
3.
80 100 / 38 35 /
4.
Wizza 3/64 1/16 20 30 /
21.8 23 /
5.
2.5
2.5 x 14.0 x 2 40 x 40 . 1.25
2
prochloraz (Garret 45% EC) 20 ./ 20 7 8
1.5 30 /
imidacloprid (Confider 10% SL) fipronil

(Ascend 5% SC) 40 ./ 20 spiromesifen (Oberon 24% SC) 10
. / 20 7

231

2551
5
1.5 30 /

( 1)
1 32.11
37.46
2
disc and core
14.01, 17.34 17.68
Wizza
32.04
37.64
3
18.79 27.99
37.63
4
48.18 54.88
57.48
5
57.16 73.31
70.20
232

5

4
2551

2

3 /

2552
40 x 40 . 1 50
. 2 /

2550
prochloraz

2552

233
1.
2.

3.

4.
.
2550. .
. 321 342 2550 1
.
. 2550. .
. 488 506 : 6 24 27
2546. .
234
1
30 / 5
2551
1/
1
2
3
4
5
HP-Farmer
36.61
17.68a 2/
18.79
48.18
68.48
MB-HV
37.46
14.01a
19.19
54.88
73.31
MB-LV
34.42
32.04ab
27.99
50.02
57.16
HP-DC
32.11
17.34a
27.53
54.19
71.17
Cont.
37.21
37.64b
37.63
57.48
70.20
CV (%)
24.81
51.43
49.36
39.94
24.76
1/
2/
HP-Farmer :
3
MB-HV :
MB-LV :
Wizza
HP-DC :
Disc and core 1
Cont.
:
95% DMRT
235

Study on Fruit Fly species, Their Natural Enemies and Infestation on Chilli

_______________________________

2548 - 2549 39 4,646

Bactrocera latifrons (Hendel) 1,389 1:1.02
Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel)
2549
2550 45 5,286 9,630 B.
latifrons (Hendel) 1,773 1:1.07
2549
2550 - 2551 49 9,847 15,012
B. latifrons 1:0.91
Braconidae Fopius arisanus (Sonan)
Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Ashmead) F. arisanus
1
2 -
2550 B. latifrons (Hendel)
1-55 /12 /
0-16 /12 / 2551 -
12 1,000
_________________________________
07-01-49-02-01-02-01-49
236
3 4
5

1-27, 0-14 0-3 /12 /
23-391, 32-256 0-74 / 1,000 /

Solanaceae
Bactrocera correcta (Bezzi)
(Trilobe) 9
(
, 2544)

237
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.

35x35x50
16x23x8 12x13x10
20
Brewers yeast
Steiner DOA bait
50

2
1.

1 10

Brewers yeast 7-10

freeze 20

- 2548 -
2549
238
-
2549 2550
- 2549
- 2550 2551
2.
Steiner
50 (DOA Bait)
malathion 57 % EC 4:1 30 /
12 / 1 1

(methyl eugenol)
B. latifrons

1,000

5
- 12 /
1
- 2550
2
- 2550
- 12 / 1,000
/
3
- 2551
4 ( )
-
239
2551
5
- 2551
- 2548 2551
-

1.

2548 2549 39 4,646
9,381 2 Bactrocera latifrons
(Hendel) 1,389 1:1.02
Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) 5
( 1)
B. dorsalis B. dorsalis
(, 2544)
Braconidae Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Ashmead)
Fopius arisanus (Sonan) 165
111 54
3 B. latifrons
327 137 190
13 11 2

2549 - 2550 45 5,286
9,630 B. latifrons
1,773 1:1.07 2
F. arisanus 64 1:1.67 D.
longicaudata 2 ( 2)
5 B.
240
latifrons 215 101 114 F. arisanus
1
2549
2550 - 2551
49 9,847
15,012 B. latifrons 2,333
1:0.91
F. arisanus 58
1:1.23 D.
longicaudata 7 25
1:1.33 1:0.92
( 3)
1 2 B. latifrons
B. latifrons 5 2
46 30
D.
longicaudata F. arisanus
(F. Oxyopidae) (F. Salticidae) (F. Araneidae)
(F. Clubionidae) (F. Sparassidae) (F. Lycosidae)
(F. Tetragnathidae) , 2544

2.
1
- 2550
B. latifrons
1-55 /12 / ( 1) 1:1.19
2
- 2550
B.
latifrons
241
0-16 /12 / (
2) 1:2.38
abamectin 1 ( 4/7/ 2550)
3
- 2551
1-27 /12 /
( 3) 1:1.16
1,000 / 23-391
( 4) 1:0.99

3 imidacloprid+abamectin, imidacloprid
phenothoate ( 26/4/2550, 24/5/2550 14/6/2550)
12 /
1,000 /
y = 5.1958x+70.817 R2 = 0.1678
4
-
2551 014 /12 / ( 5) 1:1.38
1,000 / 32-256
( 6) 1:0.99
()
3 imidacloprid (
4/4/2551) copper hydroxide prochloraz ( 30/4/2551
6/6/2551)
12 / 1,000 /
y = -0.8593x+85.613 R2 = 0.003
5
- 2551
242
0-3 /12 /
( 7) 1:2.50
0-74 / 1,000 / ( 8)
1:0.87 ()

imidacloprid,
fipronil, dicrotophos 10
copper hydroxide 6

12 / 1,000
/ y = 3.085x+12.306
R2 = 0.026
3, 4 5 B. latifrons

B. latifrons
()

()
1 B. latifrons 1-2
8-9 (Dekker, L. and R. Messing)
3
12 / 1,000 /
( 3, 4 5)
243

B.
latifrons 1:1.02 1:1.07
1:0.91
B. dorsalis
Braconidae
F. arisanus D. longicaudata F.
arisanus (F.
Oxyopidae) (F. Salticidae) (F. Araneidae) (F.
Clubionidae) (F. Sparassidae) (F. Lycosidae)
(F. Tetragnathidae)

B. latifrons

( )

12 / 1,000 /

8 . 3

244
. 2544. .
. . 244 .
. 2544. . 13-18.
: . .
. 2544.
. 151-167. : .
.
Dekker, L. and R. Messing. Pest Management Guidelines. (cited 27 November 2008).
Available from : URL : http://www.extento.hawaii.edu/kbase/reports/fruit_pest.htm.
245
1
2548 -
2549
1,913
2,733
4,646
()
3,718
5,663
9,381
Bactrocera latifrons ()
394
995
1,389
173
515
825
221
480
701
1:1.28
1:0.93
1:1.02
Bactrocera dorsalis ()
0
5
5
0
5
5
0
0
0
246
2

2549 - 2550
2,401
1,432
1,453 5,286
()
4,443
2,743
2,444 9,630
773
407
593 1,773
393
189
274
856
380
218
319
917
1:0.97
1:1.15
1:1.16 1:1.07
()
33
7
26
66
24
Fopius arisanus
33
7
64
12
4
8
24
21
3
16
40
1:1.75
1:0.75
1:2.00 1:1.67
2
Diachasmimorpha longicaudata
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
2
247
3
2549
2550 - 2551
695
3,278
5,874
()
1,078
6,121
7,813
1,513
167
653
71
346
806
96
307
707
1:1.35
1:0.89 1:0.88
()
0
8
83
58
Fopius arisanus
0
1
0
1
26
0
0
32
- 1:1.23
25
Diachasmimorpha longicaudata
0
7
0
3
13
0
4
12
1:1.33 1:0.92
9,847
15,012
2,333
1,223
1,110
1:0.91
91
59
27
32
1:1.19
32
16
16
1:1.00
248
60
()
50
40
30
20
10
24
/4
/2
55
0
1/
5/
25
50
8/
5/
25
50
15
/5
/2
55
0
22
/5
/2
55
0
29
/5
/2
55
0
5/
6/
25
50
12
/6
/2
55
0
19
/6
/2
55
0
26
/6
/2
55
0
3/
7/
25
50
10
/7
/2
55
0
17
/7
/2
55
0
24
/7
/2
55
0
31
/7
/2
55
0
7/
8/
25
50
14
/8
/2
55
0
21
/8
/2
55
0
28
/8
/2
55
0
1 Bactrocera latifrons (Hendel)

12 / 1
- 2550
18
()
16
14
12
10
18
/9
/2
55
0
4/
9/
25
50
11
/9
/2
55
0
28
/8
/2
55
0
21
/8
/2
55
0
14
/8
/2
55
0
7/
8/
25
50
31
/7
/2
55
0
24
/7
/2
55
0
17
/7
/2
55
0
10
/7
/2
55
0
3/
7/
25
50

12 / 2
- 2550
249
30
()
25
20
15
10
7/
3/
25
51
14
/3
/2
55
1
21
/3
/2
55
1
28
/3
/2
55
1
4/
4/
25
5
1
11
/4
/2
55
1
18
/4
/2
55
1
25
/4
/2
55
1
2/
5/
25
51
9/
5/
25
51
16
/5
/2
55
1
23
/5
/2
55
1
30
/5
/2
55
1
6/
6/
25
5
1
13
/6
/2
55
1
20
/6
/2
55
1
27
/6
/2
55
1
4/
7/
25
51
11
/7
/2
55
1
18
/7
/2
55
1
25
/7
/2
55
1

12 / 3
- 2551
450
()
400
350
,
300
250
200
150
100
50
7/
3/
25
51
14
/3
/2
55
1
21
/3
/2
55
1
28
/3
/2
55
1
4/
4/
25
51
11
/4
/2
55
1
18
/4
/2
55
1
25
/4
/2
55
1
2/
5/
25
51
9/
5/
25
51
16
/5
/2
55
1
23
/5
/2
55
1
30
/5
/2
55
1
6/
6/
25
51
13
/6
/2
55
1
20
/6
/2
55
1
27
/6
/2
55
1
4/
7/
25
51
11
/7
/2
55
1
18
/7
/2
55
1
25
/7
/2
55
1

1,000 / 3
- 2551
250
16
()
14
12
10
13
/6
/2
55
6/
6/
25
5
30
/5
/2
55
23
/5
/2
55
16
/5
/2
55
9/
5/
25
5
2/
5/
25
5
25
/4
/2
55
18
/4
/2
55
11
/4
/2
55
4/
4/
25
5
1
28
/3
/2
55
21
/3
/2
55

12 / 4
- 2551
300
()
250
200
150
100
50
1
13
/6
/2
55
6/
6/
25
5
30
/5
/2
55
23
/5
/2
55
16
/5
/2
55
9/
5/
25
5
2/
5/
25
5
25
/4
/2
55
18
/4
/2
55
11
/4
/2
55
1
4/
4/
25
5
1
28
/3
/2
55
21
/3
/2
55

1,000 / 4
- 2551
251
3.5
()
,
2.5
1.5
,
,
,
,
0.5
20
/6
/2
55
1
27
/6
/2
55
1
4/
7/
25
51
11
/7
/2
55
1
18
/7
/2
55
1
25
/7
/2
55
1
1/
8/
25
51
8/
8/
25
51
15
/8
/2
55
1
22
/8
/2
55
1
29
/8
/2
55
1
5/
9/
25
51
12
/9
/2
55
1
19
/9
/2
55
1
26
/9
/2
55
1
3/
10
/2
55
10
1
/1
0/
25
51
17
/1
0/
25
51
24
/1
0/
25
51

12 / 5
- 2551
80
()
70
60
,
50
40
30
,
,
,
20
,
,
10
20
/6
/2
55
1
27
/6
/2
55
1
4/
7/
25
51
11
/7
/2
55
1
18
/7
/2
55
1
25
/7
/2
55
1
1/
8/
25
51
8/
8/
25
51
15
/8
/2
55
1
22
/8
/2
55
1
29
/8
/2
55
1
5/
9/
25
51
12
/9
/2
55
1
19
/9
/2
55
1
26
/9
/2
55
1
3/
10
/2
55
10
1
/1
0/
25
51
17
/1
0/
25
51
24
/1
0/
25
51

1,000 / 5
- 2551
252

Mass Rearing of Solanum fruit fly, Bactrocera latifrons (Hendel)


.. 2549-2551

150 , 15 , Brewers yeast 15 , 9 , Sodium-benzoate
0.7 , HCL 35% 0.6 . 200 . B. latifrons
100% (Tipco) 1:2

(Control atmosphere)

(2543)
Bactrocera dorsalis

B. correcta
07-01-49-02
253
1. , , ,
2. , (Brewer's yeast), , 35%
(Sodium-benzoate)
3. 20x25x10 4
4.6
4. 35x35x50 40x40x50
5. ,
6.
7. 20, , ,

B. latifrons
B. latifrons 2
1 B. latifrons
CRD (Completely Randomized Design) 4 11
1 (control)
2
3 4 1
5
6
8
7 1
9
10 1
11

-
150
-
15
- Brewers yeast
15
-
9
- Sodium-benzoate 0.45
- HCL 35%
0.6 .
200 .
-
254

4 50
4 4.6 ()
B. latifrons 100
3 3
10
0.35x0.35x0.5

2 B. latifrons
CRD (Completely Randomized Design) 4 5
1 (control)
2
3 1
4
5 1

-
150
-
15
- Brewers yeast
5
-
9
- Sodium-benzoate 0.45
- HCL 35%
0.6 .
-
200 .
B. latifrons
1 4
Sodium-benzoate 2 5 0.7 2 4
300 . 4 50
4 4.6 ( ) B. latifrons
100 3
3 10

0.35x0.35x0.5
255
2547 2549


.. 2549-2551

150 , 15 , Brewers yeast 15 , 9 , Sodium-benzoate
0.7 , HCL 35% 0.6 . 200 . B. latifrons
100% (Tipco) 1:2
150 ,
15 , Brewers yeast 15 , 9 , Sodium-benzoate 0.7 , HCL 35%
0.6 . 200 . B. latifrons
100% (Tipco) 1:2
. 2543.
. 169-174.
2543. .
. 2544. .
. 244 .
256

The Biology of Solanum fruit fly, Bactrocera latifrons (Hendel)


.. 2548-2551
2548 2549
.. 2549-2551

23.95+0.82C
90.24+2.63% 8
1-2 100%
1:2 1 124-325
192.17+75.18 88% 44-68 63.68+9.27
3 8-10 8.76+0.71 50%
11-14 11.97+0.77 75% 93-183
147.90+29.03 77-151 131.50+12.79
B. latifrons 22.83-24.83 23.56+0.98
(Life table) 1
31.82% 3 10.20%

33%
2
Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Ashmead) Forpius
arisanus (Sonan)
07-01-49-02
257

Solanum fruit fly, Bactrocera latifrons (Hendel) (
, 2544)

1. 22x29x10 , 21x15x8
, 8.00 5.00
2.50 4.50
2. 35x35x50
3. Petri dish 9 91
4. , , , 20 (81 mash)
5. , (Tipco) 100%, Brewers yeast
258
B. latifrons

23.95+0.82C 90.24+2.63%
22x29x10 .
20
8 . 5 .
0.35x0.35x0.50 .
7
B. latifrons 1 (F1)
1. B. latifrons
Hatching Rate 1
91
9 .
6 5 100

1 1
5 . 3 . 1
100

44

B. latifrons 3 1
1 21x15x8 .
2.5 . 4.5 .
20 100%
1:2 5

259

10
2. (Life table) B. latifrons
1 . B. latifrons
1 1 100 5
. 3 . 1
Southwood (1966)
3. B. latifrons

/ /

22x29x10 .
2 . 10
20
8 . 5 . 1
. 0.35x0.35x0.50 .
2548 2551

B. latifrons
1. B. latifrons .. 2550-2551

23.95+0.82C 90.24+2.63% RH
B. latifrons 4

260
1-2
0.5-1.0 . (
)
0.32+0.04 . 1.26+0.11 . 44-68
63.68+9.27 88% (Table 1, 2 Figure 1)

0.25+0.05 . 1.18+0.13 . 3
1.70+0.16 . 7.43+0.73 .
30 .
8-10 50% (Table
1, 2 Figure 1)

2.0-5.0 .
2.06+0.16 . 4.93+0.28 . 11-14
75% (Table 1, 2 Figure 1)

B. latifrons

(Drew & Lloyd, 1989)
8
124325 192.17+75.18 17 /
1:1.54 1.36+0.07 .
0.91+0.07 . 93-183 147.90+29.03
1.35+0.07 . 0.73+0.05 .
77-151 131.50+12.79 (Table 1 Figure 1)
261
2. (Life table) B. latifrons

23.95+0.82C
90.24+2.63% Southwood (1966)
Lx
Lx = lx + lx+1 x
2
lx x
qx
dx x
q x = d x / lx
Sx
Sx = 100-100qx 100qx = 100 x qx
ex
Tx = Lx+Lx+1++Lx+n
ex = Tx/ lx
1 31.82%
2 3 25.00, 18.33, 12.00 10.20%
(Table 2)
Bactrocera correcta (Bezzi) 1
33.99% (, 2549) 1
3. B. latifrons

5 862 1863
5 646 1282 2548
2549 1
Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Ashmead) B. latifrons 2
2 D. longicaudata
(Ashmead) 2 5.17% 10.35%
Forpius arisanus (Sonan) B. latifrons 2
4.55 11.48%

11.48% (Table 3)
262

2548 2549
B. latifrons
23.95+0.82C 90.24+2.63% RH .. 2549-2551
8
1 124-325 192.17+75.18
88% 44-68 3 8-10 8.76+0.71
11-14 11.97+0.77 93-183
147.90+29.03 77-151 131.50+12.79
B. latifrons 23.56+0.98
B. latifrons

263
Table 1 Developmental stages of Solanum fruit fly, Bactrocera latifrons (Hendel) under
laboratory conditions (23.95+0.820C and 90.24+2.63% RH)
Stages of Solanum fruit fly
Egg incubation
Larval period
Pupal period
Adult longevity
Female
Male
Total development period
From egg to adult (day)
1
= number of observations
n1
500
100
44
Range (days)
44 68 (hr)
8 - 10
11 - 14
Mean + SD (days)
63.68 + 9.27 (hr)
8.76 + 0.71
11.97 + 0.77
10
10
93 - 183
77 - 151
147.90 + 29.03
131.50 + 12.79
22.83 - 24.83
23.56 + 0.98
Table 2 Life table of Solanum fruit fly, Bactrocera latifrons (Hendel) in bush red pepper,
Capsicum frutescens L. (Bangkok, 2007)
x
lx
Lx
Egg stage
100
94.00
Larval stage
First instar
88
74.00
Second instar
60
54.50
Third instar
49
46.50
Pupal stage
44
38.50
Adult
33
x = Developmental stage
Lx = Number alive in each age interval
100qx = Percent apparent mortality
ex = life expectancy
dx
12
28
11
5
11
-
100qx
12.00
Sx
88.00
ex
3.07
31.82
68.18
2.43
18.33
81.67
2.32
10.20
89.80
1.73
25.00
75.00
0.87
lx = Number entering stage
dx = Number dead during stage x
Sx = Survival rate within stage
264
Table 3 Data on fruit fly infestation of bush red pepper, Kanchanaburi and Nakornpatom
province, Thailand, 2005-2006
Province
Time
No. of fruit
collected
No. of
pupae
%Eclosion
Kanchanaburi
100
26
100
Nakornpatom
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
200
192
251
119
206
82
47
127
184
78
84
91
52
117
30
22
62
173
97.44
94.05
100
94.23
99.14
96.67
100
98.39
97.69
% Adults
B. latifrons Parasito
ids
100
0
100
97.47
97.80
100
94.83
89.65
95.45
88.52
100
0
2.53
2.20
0
5.17
10.35
4.55
11.48
0
265
Adult (Female 93-183 days)
Pupae 11-14 days
Eggs 44-68 hr.
Larvae 8-10 days
Figure 1 Life cycle of Solanum fruit fly, Bactrocera latifrons (Hendel)
266
. 2544. .
. . 244 .
, , , ,
. 2550. . . 97-107
2550, 21-23
2550. .
, . 2549.
Bactrocera correcta (Bezzi). 1 (1): 55-63.
Drew, R.A.I. and A.C. Lloyd 1989. Biology and Physiology nutrition; bacteria associated
with fruit flies and their host plants, In : Robinson, A.S. & Hooper, G.(eds). Fruit
flies; their biology, natural enemies and control. World Crop Pests, 3(A), 131-140.
Southwood, T.R.E. 1966. Ecological Methods with Particular Reference to the Study of
Insect Population. London. 361 pp.
267
Efficiency of neem extract, petroleum oil and insecticides for controlling

Solanum fruit fly and effective on natural enemies

2549- 2551
RCB 4 8 neem extract, petroleum oil DC tron
plus, petroleum oil SK 99 , petroleum oil Sun spray ultra fine, white oil ,
malathion fipronil malathion
petroleum oil DC tron
plus, petroleum oil SK 99 , petroleum oil Sun spray ultra fine neem extract

Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Ashmead) Fopius arisanus
(Sonan)

5 6
(,2551)

07-01-49-02-01-02-04-49
268
solanum fruit fly
Bactrocera latifrons (Hendel) Solanaceae

(Ovipositor)

100

1.
2.
3.
4.
neem extract ( 111 0.1% SN)

fipronil (Ascend 5% SC) , malathion (Malafez 83 83% EC)
petroleum oil (DC tron plus 83.9% EC, SK 99 83.9% EC, Sun spray ultra fine
83.9% EC)
5. white oil (vite oil 80% EC)
6. prochloraz (Octave 50% WP)
7.
8. 15-15-15 ,13-13-21
9. (Besmor 62%)
10.
269
1. neem extract 0.1% SN
100 / 20
2. petroleum oil (DC tron plus) 83.9% EC 60 / 20
3. petroleum oil (SK 99) 83.9% EC
60 / 20
4. petroleum oil (Sun spray ultra fine) 83.9% EC 60 / 20
5. white oil 80% EC
60 / 20
40 / 20
6. malathion 83% EC
7. fipronil 5% SC
30 / 20
8.
30 5 x 6
0.8 x 0.6 1 77 /

10 7
80 / 5 /
20 prochloraz 30 / 20
10
/ 3

2549 - 2551

1 ( - 2549)
1
6

51.1 /10 malathion 40
/ 20 21.3 /
10 petroleum oil DC tron plus , petroleum
oil SK 99 petroleum oil Sun spray ultra fine 60, 60 60 / 20
270
28.8, 27.5 27.5 /10
neem extract, white oil
fipronil 100, 60 30 / 20
32.3, 35.1 34.2 / 10
( 1) 6

40
21.1 /10 malathion
/ 20 2.8 / 10
neem extract, petroleum oil DC tron plus, petroleum oil SK
99 petroleum oil Sun spray ultra fine, white oil fipronil
100, 60, 60, 60, 60 30 / 20
9.7, 8.7, 8.2, 8.1, 8.8 8.5 / 10
Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Ashmead)
0.8-2.5 / 10 Fopius arisanus (Sonan)
1.5-8.7 / 10
18.7 / 10
neem
extract petroleum oil DC tron plus , petroleum oil SK 99 , petroleum oil Sun
spray ultra fine malathion 100, 60, 60,60 40 / 20
9.9, 11.1, 11.7, 11.4 11.9 / 30
6.9
/ 30 neem extract
petroleum oil DC tron plus , petroleum oil SK 99 , petroleum oil Sun spray
ultra fine malathion 100, 60, 60,60 40 / 20
3.2, 3.0, 2.7, 2.5 1.9 / 30
5.9 /
30 ( 2)
2 ( - 2551)
3
4

271
45.7 /10 malathion 40
/ 20 18.9
/10 neem extract, petroleum
oil DC tron plus , petroleum oil SK 99 petroleum oil Sun spray ultra fine 100,
60, 60 60 / 20 24.8,
27.6, 26.1 25.7 /10 white oil
fipronil 60 30 / 20
31.3 32.1 / 10
( 3) 4

14.3 /10 malathion
40
/ 20 1.0 / 10
neem extract petroleum oil DC tron plus, petroleum oil SK
99 petroleum oil Sun spray ultra fine white oil fipronil
100, 60, 60, 60, 60 30 / 20
6.3, 6.1, 5.3, 5.8, 7.7 6.3 / 10
1.0-2.5 / 10 Fopius arisanus (Sonan)
0.0-5.8 / 10
12.3 / 10
petroleum
oil DC tron plus , petroleum oil SK 99 , petroleum oil Sun spray ultra fine
malathion 60, 60,60 40 / 20
7.7, 8.1, 7.8 8.9 / 30
5.1 / 30
petroleum oil DC tron plus , petroleum oil SK 99 , petroleum oil Sun
spray ultra fine malathion 60, 60,60 40 / 20
1.8, 1.6, 1.3, 5 0.6 / 30
3.9 / 30
( 4)
272
petroleum oil (SK 99 , Sun spray ultra fine DC tron plus) 83.9 % EC
(solanum fruit fly, Bactrocera
latifrons (Hendel))
(Fractional Distillation) (Crude oil)
330-390o F 19-24 (C19-24)

(high paraffinicity)

(, 2541; , 2542, , 2543 Anonymous,1997A)

2 laval-pupal parasitoid, Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Ashmead) eggpupal parasitoid, Fopius arisanus (Sonan) Aime et al (2007)
solanum fruit fly malaysian fruit fly (Bactrocera latifrons (Hendel) 5
F.arisanus (Sonan) , Psyttalia incisi (Silvestri), D. longicaudata (Ashmead), D. tryoni
(Cameron) Tetrastichus giffardianus Silvestri F. arisanus (Sonan) D.
longicaudata (Ashmead)
Purcell (1998) F. arisanus (Sonan) D. longicaudata
273
(Ashmead)
Pascal et al (2006) F. arisanus (Sonan)
27 (polyphagous parasitoid)
75-90 F. arisanus (Sonan)
D. longicaudata (Ashmead) F. arisanus (Sonan)
D. longicaudata (Ashmead)
()

azadirachtin

(Barnby et al
,1990 Schmutterer ,1990)
( , 2548) Hassan (2000)
7% 120 140
mg/litre 1 2

(2543)

41.3 16.0
malathion fipronil malathion
fipronil
(2543) (2544) malathion dimethoate

(Anonymous ,1997B) Hsu and Feng (2001)
fenthion naled
malathion malathion naled
USDA (1993)
diazinon
methylbromide

274
1-3

ascorbic acid phosphate
(Chang and Kurashima,
1999) Jack and Long (1997)
Jackson et al (1998)
59.7 Bactrocera
latifrons (Hendel)


malathion

Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Ashmead) Fopius arisanus
(Sonan)
275
. 2543.
Azadirechta excelsa Jack Bactrocera papayae (Drew
and Hancock) .
. 29 .
2543. .
. 23 . 45-51.
. 2551. . :
. . 1-19.
2544. . .
. 139-147.
. 2541. . 20 (3) :
219-220.
. 2542. . . 23 (6) : 182-189.
2543. .
22 (4) : 339-343.
2548. .
. 206 .
Aime,H.B.G, T. McQuate. Grant and H.M.Rusell. 2007. Natural establishment of a
parasitoid complex on Bactrocera latifrons (Diptera : Tephritidae) in Hawaii.
Biological Control. 42 (3) : 365-373.
Anonymous 1997A. Farm Chemical Handbook. Meister publishing company. Willoughby,
OH, U.S.A. p.C283.
Anonymous 1997B. Farm Chemical Handbook. Meister publishing company.
Willoughby,OH, U.S.A. p.C226.
Barnby, M. A., R. B. Yamasaki and J. A. Klocke.1990. Bidogical activity of azadirachtin,
their derivaties and their ultra violet radiation degradation products against
276
tobacco budworm (Lepidoptera:Noctuidae) larvae. Journal of Economic
Entomology. 83 (1) : 58-63.
Chang, C. L. and R. Kurasashima. 1999. Effects of ascorbic acid-rich bellpepper
on development of Bactrocera latifrons (Diptera : Tephritidae). Journal of
Economic Entomology. 92 (5) : 1108-1112.
Hassan, E. 2000. Insecticidal toxicity of neem seed kernel extract (NSKE) on
Bactrocera tryoni (Frogg.) (Diptera : Tephritidae) and repellency on persimmon
fruit. Review of Agricultural Entomology. 88 (1) : 18.
Hsu J. C. and H. T. Feng. 2001. Insecticide susceptibility of the oriental fruit fly
(Bactrocera dorsalis (Hood)) (Diptera : Tephritidae) in Taiwan. Review of
Agricultural Entomology. 89 (1) : 118.
Jackson, C. G. and J. P. Long. 1997. Mating behavior of Bactrocera latifrons
(Diptera :Tephritidae) in field cages. Annals of the Entomological Society of
America. 90 (6) : 856-860.
Jackson, C.G. , J.P.Long and L.M. Klungness.1998. Depth of population in four species
of fruit flies (Diptera :Tephritidae) in sand with and without moisture. Journal of
Economic Entomology. 91 (1) : 138-142.
Pascal, R., G. Frederic and Q. Serge. 2006. Specificity and host range of the Egg Pupal Parasitoid Fopius arisanus. (http: //www. fruitfly.com.br/cdrom/resumos/R
0253-1.html/10/Oct./2007)
Purcell, M. F. 1998. Contribution of biological control to integrated pest management
of tephritid fruit flies in the tropics and subtropics. Integrated Pest Management
Reviews. 3(2) : 63-83.
Schmutterer, H. 1990. Properties and potential of natural pesticides from the neem
tree, Azadirachta indica. Annual Review of Entomology 35 : 271-291.
USDA 1993. Action Plan Malaysian Fruit Fly, Bactrocera latifrons (Hendel) (http ://www.
Affa.Gov.au/corporate-docs/publications/media-releases/quarantine/archive/
mrchilli es.html/10/Oct./2007)
277
1
- 2549
1/
95% DMRT.
2/
6
3/
4/
Fopius arisanus (Sonan)
277

2. petroleum oil (DC tron plus) 83.9% EC
4. petroleum oil (Sun spray ultra fine) 83.9% EC
5. white oil 80% EC
6. malathion 83% EC
7. fipronil 5% SC
8.
CV (%)
(/ 10 )
(/ 20 )
(/ 10 )
(/ 10 )
Di 3/
Fo 4/
9.7 b 1/ 2/
100
1.0
3.3
8.7 b1/ 2/
32.3 b 1/ 2/
28.8 ab
7.8 b
8.6 b
60
0.8
4.0
60
27.5 ab
1.2
7.0 b
8.2 b
3.8
60
27.5 ab
1.2
6.8 b
8.0 b
3.3
35.1 b
7.3 b
8.8 b
60
2.8
1.5
21.3 a
1.5 a
2.8 c
40
3.0
1.3
30
3.3
34.2 b
1.2
7.3 b
8.5 b
51.1 c
18.7 c
21.2 a
2.5
4.0
34.0
18.9
63.8
41.5
16.4
278
2
- 2549
1/
2/
(/30 )
9.9 a 1/2/
11.1 a
11.7 a
11.4 a
9.1 ab
11.9 a
9.7 ab
6.9 b
18.0
95% DMRT.
6
(/30 )
3.2 ab 1/2/
3.0 ab
2.7 ab
2.5 ab
4.1 bc
1.9 a
4.0 bc
5.9 c
39.6
278

5. white oil 80% EC
6. malathion 83% EC
7. fipronil 5% SC
8.
CV (%)
(/ 20 )
100
60
60
60
60
40
30
-
279
3
- 2551
1/
100
60
60
60
60
40
30
-
(/ 10 )
(/ 10 )
(/ 10 )
Di 3/
Fo 4/
1.0
3.5
5.3 b1/ 2/ 6.3 b 1/ 2/
24.8 ab 1/ 2/
27.6 ab
5.0 b
6.0 b
1.0
3.5
26.1 ab
4.0 b
5.3 b
3.3
1.3
25.7 ab
1.5
4.3 b
5.8 b
3.5
3.3
31.3 b
2.0
5.8 b
7.8 b
18.9 a
1.0
0.0 a
1.0 c
4.0
32.1 b
5.0 b
6.3 b
3.3
1.3
45.7 c
2.5
12.3 c
14.3 a
3.5
36.2
14.8
42.6
37.8
23.1
95% DMRT.
2/
4
3/
4/
Fopius arisanus (Sonan)
279

5. white oil 80% EC
6. malathion 83% EC
7. fipronil 5% SC
8.
CV (%)
(/ 20 )
280
4 - 2551
1/
2/
(/30 )
7.2 ab 1/2/
7.7 a
8.1 a
7.8 a
6.7 ab
8.9 a
6.2 ab
5.1 b
16.7
95% DMRT.
4
(/30 )
2.1 ab 1/2/
1.8 a
1.6 a
1.3 a
2.4 ab
0.6 a
2.1 ab
3.9 b
23.8
280

5. white oil 80% EC
6. malathion 83% EC
7. fipronil 5% SC
8.
CV (%)
(/ 20 )
100
60
60
60
60
40
30
-
281
(Coriandrum sativum L.)

Weed Management in Cilantro.
1 2 1
1 2

2550 2551 4
34 3 5
trifluralin bensulide 336384 960-1200 3-5
trifluralin bensulide
20 propaquizafop, haloxyfop-r-metyhl
quizalofop 15, 16.2 16
oxyfluorfen oxadiazon 30.55
87.5 7
20
3
paraquat+trifluralin, glyphosate+trifluralin 110.4+384,

240+384 paraquat
07-01-49-02
282
(Coriandrum sativum L.) Cilantro

Coriander Umbelliferae
bug

, , 2, 160, 13 60 100
500 4
(Diederichsen, 1996) 40-60
(
1 ) 1-2

(Ashton and Monaco, 1991)
(
)

1.
2. alachlor 48%EC, S-metolachlor 96%EC,
dimethenamid 90%EC, pendimethalin 33%EC, trifluralin 48%EC, bensulide 48%EC,
oxyfluorfen 23.5%EC, oxadiazon 25%EC, clomazone 48%EC, butachlor %EC, acetochlor
%EC, thiobencarb %EC, propisochlor %EC,
283
3.
haloxyfop-r-methyl
ester
10.8%EC,
propaquizafop %EC, quizalofop %EC, fenoxaprop %EC, fluazifop-p-buthyl 15%EC,

cyhalofop %EC, cletodim %EC, glyphosate 48%SL, glufosinate-ammonium 15%SL
paraquat 27.6%SL
4.
5
1. RCB 8 3
( ) 2,3,4, 5
() 2,3,4, 5

5 1 2 4 ,
2 5 , 3 4 ,
3 5 2, 3 4

2.
2.1.
CRD 4 13
alachlor, S-metolachlor, dimethenamid, pendimethalin, trifluralin, bensulide, oxyfluorfen,
oxadiazon, clomazone, butachlor, acetochlor, thiobencarb, propisochlor
3 glyphosate, glufosinate-ammonium paraquat
4 1, 3, 5 7
2.2.
CRD 4 7 haloxyfop-r-
284
methyl ester, propaquizafop, quizalofop, fenoxaprop, fluazifop-p-buthyl, cyhalofop,

cletodim 1 3 30, 20 15

3. RCB 9 4
1. oxadiazon 87.5 7
2. oxyfluorfen 30.55 7
3. quizalofop 16 20 +
4. propaquizafop 15 20 +
5. trifluralin 384 5
6. bensulide 960 5
7. 3 5
8.
9.
4. RCB 10 4
paraquat+alachlor, glyphosate+alachlor, paraquat+trifluralin, glyphosate+ trifluralin,

paraquat, glyphosate, alachlor, trifluralin 110.4+240, 240+240, 110.4+384,
240+384, 110.4, 240, 240, 384 3
3 5
1x3
6.7 (20
) 15 46-0-0 15
2
285
30
2 0.5 x 0.5
45

.. 2550 .. 2551

286
1.

() 2,3,4, 5 (
) 2,3,4, 5 2 ,
3 , 4 5
1.0, 1.7, 4.0 6.6
1.0, 4.0, 16.7 33.8 2
( 1) 4 5
2, 3 4

5
1
(/ )
(/ )
1/
1/
60.0
26.3
86
1.0
1.067
0.862
1.929
1.0
96.0
46.7
143
1.7
2.622
5.135
7.757
4.0
272.7
73.3
346
4.0
10.612
21.641
32.253
16.7
497.3
68.3
565
6.6
26.904
38.313
65.217
33.8
1/
287

3
4 ,
5 , 2
5 ( 2)
3-4 ( 1)
2 ,
()
() (/)
(./)
/.
(/)
(2)
21.2 a
9.2 ab
783.5 ab
1.38 ab
55.3
33.2 b
(3)
19.9 ab
10.6 ab
1,205.1 ab 2.12 ab
56.0
32.8 b
(4)
20.3 ab
10.8 ab
1,497.1 ab 2.63 ab
89.7
29.2 b
(5)
17.0 ab
11.3 a
1,452.8 ab 2.55 ab
55.3
4.0 a
(2)
17.3 ab
10.8 ab
1,416.3 ab 2.49 ab
32.7
3.8 a
(3)
18.2 ab
9.8 ab
1,549.3 a
45.0
4.0 a
(4)
17.6 ab
8.8 b
1,102.4 ab 1.94 ab
58.7
5.3 a
(5)
12.7 b
8.5 b
688.0 b
1.21 b
110.7
8.8 a
C.V. (%)/ F-test
15.64/ * *
8.99 / * *
25.14 / * *
25.15 / * *
99.1 / ns
75.9 / *
2.72 a
95%
DMRT
288

3 5

3 4 2 4
( 3, 2)
3
/..
()
()
(/)
(./)
(/)
(2,4)
18.3
10.3
1,045.6
1.84
126
35.97
(3,4)
15.6
11.3
1,110.0
1.95
310
23.51
(3,5)
17.0
11.5
1,199.2
2.11
52
3.26
(2,3,4) 16.0
10.0
851.2
1.49
72
15.2
(2,5)
10.0
651.2
1.14
1290
99.43
13.8
289
2.
2.1.
4 1, 3, 5 7
( 3, 4 5)
1
1-9

3 3.3-28 clomazone
28 bensulide, trifluralin glyphosate 20
2.97-5.01 0.1-0.71
clomazone
pendimethalin,
alachlor, propisochlor, glufosinate-ammonium, acetochlor paraquat

5 4.0-27.0
3.68-7.603 trifluralin
glyphosate, bensulide, glufosinate-ammonium
trifluralin
paraquat
290
7 5
4.0-23.5 2.88-5.64
trifluralin 5
1

3, 5 7 oxyfluorfen oxadiazon
paraquat, glyphosate glufosinate-ammonium

3
clomazone
dimethenamid, smetolachlor
2.2.
30
quizalofop, cletodim, propaquizafop, fluazifop-p-butyl,
haloxyfop-r-metyhl , fenoxaprop-p-ethyl cyhalofop 16 24, 20, 30, 20, 15
30 1,721- 1,195
1,506 ( 4)
4 30
(ai./)
(/)
haloxyfop-r-metyhl
20
1,286
propaquizafop
20
1,460
cletodim
24
1,629
quizalofop
16
1,721
291
fenoxaprop-p-ethyl
15
1,196
fluazifop-p-butyl
30
1,365
cyhalofop
30
1,195
1,506
C.V. (%) / F-test
20.14 / ns
95%
DMRT
20
haloxyfop-r-metyhl , cletodim, quizalofop, 16.2,
18, 16, propaquizafop,
fenoxaprop-p-ethyl, cyhalofop 15, 15, 30

quizalofop 14.22

propaquizafop 8.39
haloxyfop-r-metyhl, fluazifop-p-butyl, cyhalofop, , fenoxaprop-p-ethyl,
cletodim 7.59, 5.99, 5.72, 4.42, 4.16, 4.42,
1.94 1.46 ( 5)
292
5 20
()
()
(ai./
()
(.)
()
16.2
4.7
5.3
7.59 bc
propaquizafop
15
2.3 a
0.5 a
3.6
4.2
8.39 b
cletodim
18
5.0
5.6
1.94 c
quizalofop
16
6.2
4.6
14.22 a
fenoxaprop-p-
15
2.3 a
0.6 a
4.1
4.3
4.16 bc
fluazifop-p-butyl
30
121.0 bc 214.4 b
5.0
4.8
5.99 bc
cyhalofop
30
27.15 a
26.1 a
4.4
4.4
5.72 bc
49.8 ab
10.3 a
5.4
5.2
4.42 bc
194.5 c
356.1 b
4.5
4.6
1.46 c
C.V. (%)/ F-test
91.3 / * * 129.4 / * *
haloxyfop-rmetyhl
ethyl
32.2/ ns 21.2/ ns 48.6 / * *
95%
DMRT
293
15
( 6)
6 15
(ai./)
()
haloxyfop-r-metyhl
16.2
4.8 ab
3.7 abc
propaquizafop
15
2.3 a
0.05 a
4.2 abc 4.0 ab
4.06 b
cletodim
18
2.3 d
2.5 c
1.92 b
quizalofop
16
1.1 a
0.30 a
3.2 cd
3.6 abc
3.15 b
fenoxaprop-p-ethyl
15
7.9 a
1.50 a
2.4 d
2.5 bc
2.04 b
fluazifop-p-butyl
30
4.5 a
0.20 a
3.0 cd
3.1 bc
2.30 b
cyhalofop
30
7.9 a
0.44 a
2.9 cd
3.4 bc
2.42 b
95.0 b
9.15 a
5.2 a
5.0 a
8.89 a
206.9 c
300.05 b
3.7 bcd 3.7 abc
1.60 b
C.V. (%)/ F-test
36.7 / * *
55.3 / * *
19.5/* *
41.9 / * *
20.3 / * *
3.51 b
95%
DMRT
3.
143 91.6%
(Digitaria adcendens (H.B.K.)Henr.) 5.6% 2.8%
47.67% 5.6% (Cleome rutidosperma
294
DC. (Allen) Allen) 5.6% (Portulaca oleracea L.) 13.0% (Commelina

benghalensis L.) 2.8% 8.4%
oxyfluorfen
oxadiazon
30.55 87.5 7
trifluralin 384
bensulide 960
5 30 oxadiazon, oxyfluorfen, trifluralin,
bensulide 67.4, 97.4, 115.0, 277.0
33.4, 76.5, 65.4, 91.0
93.0 oxadiazon
( 7 8)
quizalofop
propaquizafop 16 15
( 7 8)
30 bensulide

, trifluralin, oxyfluorfen oxadiazon
propaquizafop, 3,
5 ,,
quizalofop
( 7)

trifluralin
propaquizafop
295
2,584 quizalofop,
oxyfluorfen, oxadiazon 3, 5 2,191, 1,851,

1,688, 1,656 1,512 ( 9)
9
(ai./
)
(.)
(.)
(/)
(./)
(/
.)
1.oxadiazon
87.5
7DBP
8.83 ab
20.6 ab
14.3 ab
125
1,656 ab
2.oxyfluorfen
30.55
7DBP
9.27 ab
19.2 ab
13.0 ab
125
1,688 ab
3.quizalofop+
16
20DAP
9.73 ab
21.7 ab
14.0 ab
139
2,191 ab
15
20DAP
8.33 ab
22.2 a
13.7 ab
167
2,584 a
5.trifluralin
384
5DBP
9.97 ab
19.9 ab
17.3 a
100
971 ab
6.bensulide
960
5DBP
8.77 ab
16.4 b
13.0 ab
86
444 b
7. 3, 5
8.83 ab
22.0 a
14.0 ab
152
1,512 ab
8.
10.6 a
22.6 a
18.1 a
131
1,851 ab
9.
7.55 b
17.2 ab
10.6 b
101
939 ab
C.V. (%)/F-test
11.0/**
14.1/*
19.4/*
34.0/ns
42.5/**
4.propaquizafop+
95%
DMRT
296
4.
1,030
70.3% 64.7% 3.5% 2.1%
0.3%
2.7% 27.0%
3

3 30

paraquat 110.4
246.6 77.32 glyphosate
240 332.0 67.38
glyphosate
trifluralin 384
328 alachlor 240
984
paraquat+trifluralin
110.4+384 paraquat+alachlor 110.4+240
glyphosate+alachlor
glyphosate+trifluralin ( 10 11)
30
alachlor
195.6 189.5 3 5
16.5
, paraquat trifluralin 40.2-80.4
297
paraquat+alachlor paraquat+trifluralin 40.8

48.5 ( 10)

paraquat+trifluralin
2, 010 glyphosate+trifluralin,
3 5 , glyphosate+alachlor, paraquat+alachlor,
trifluralin glyphosate 1,214, 1,191, 1,172, 1,160, 1,166 1,119
alachlor
377 139 ( 12)
12
3 )
(ai./)
1.paraquat+alachlor
110.4+240
2.glyphosate+alachlor
240+240
(.)
(/
(/
(./)
.)
11.0 ab
173 ab
(.)
9.2
15.3
abc
ab
8.8
19.0
abc
ab
1,160
ab
11.3 ab
180 ab
1,172
ab
3.paraquat+trifluralin
110.4+384 9.9 ab 20.7 a
12.7 a
211 a
2,010 a
4.glyphosate+trifluralin
240+384
11.7 ab
165 ab
1,214
8.4 c
15.5
ab
ab
5.paraquat
110.4
8.9
17.0
abc
ab
11.5 ab 194 a
835 ab
298
6.glyphosate
240
8.5 bc 16.8
10.0 ab 220 a
ab
ab
7. alachlor
240
8.5 c
15.0
1,119
9.0 ab
111 b
377 b
12.3 a
219 a
1,166
ab
8.trifluralin
9.
384
8.7
16.0
abc
ab
3, 5 10.0 a 19.0
ab
12.2 a
185 ab
1,191
ab
ab
10.
5.4 d
13.7 b 8.1 b
111 b
139 b
C.V. (%)/F-test
8.6/*
20.6/*
23.3/*
49.4/**
13.3/**
95%
DMRT
3-4
3 5
trifluralin bensulide 336-384
960-1200 3-5
20 propaquizafop, haloxyfop-r-metyhl
quizalofop 15, 16.2 16
oxyfluorfen oxadiazon 30.55 87.5
7
20
3
299
paraquat+trifluralin, glyphosate+trifluralin 110.4+384, 240+384

paraquat

Ashton, F.M., and T.J. Monaco. 1991. Weed Science : Principles and Practices. Third
Edition. John Wiley & Sons, Inc, New York, USA. 439 p.
Diederichsen, A. 1996. Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.). Promoting the conservation
and use of underutilized and neglected crops. 3. International Plant Genetic
Resources Institute.
300
3 (/15 )
300
301
4 ()
301
302
5 (/)
302
303
(ai./)
67.4 a
28.6 a
2.0 ab
1.4 a
2.0
2.0
31.4 b
15.4
14.956 ab
//
1.oxadiazon
87.5
7DBP
82.6 ab
2.oxyfluorfen
30.55
7DBP
113.0 ab 97.4 ab
75.4 ab
1.4 a
1.4 a
16.0
2.0 ab
11.4
4.0 ab
17.957 ab
3.quizalofop+
16
20DAP
57.4 a
46.0 a
2.6 a
4.6 ab
28.0 b
10.6 ab
11.4
10.55 a
15
20DAP
36.0 a
32.6 a
6.0 a
16.0 ab
1.4
1.4
3.4 a
3.4
5.665 a
5.trifluralin
384
5DBP
122.0 ab 115.0 ab 93.4 ab
0.6 a
0.6 a
3.4
1.4
15.4 ab
7.4
18.192 ab
6.bensulide
960
5DBP
288.0 b
277.0 b
231.0 b
8.0 b
17.4 ab
2.6
10.6
6.6 ab
10.6
41.26 b
7. 3, 5
44.6 a
8.6 a
1.4 a
10.0 ab
0.6
0.6 a
0.6
35.4 b
6.1487 a
8.
62.6 a
33.4 a
1.4 a
13.4 ab
2.6 a
2.6
26.6 ab
9.0657 a
9.
143.0 ab 131.0 ab 68.0 ab
8.0 b
18.6 ab
4.0
8.0
12.0 ab
4.0
8.0 ab
20.113 ab
C.V. (%) / F-test
103.8 / *
114.0 / *
101.6/ *
157.5/ns
235.1 /ns
110.3/**
145.9/ns
152.8/**
95. 4 / *
4.propaquizafop+
303
119.1/ *
182.0/ *
95% DMRT
304
(ai./)
1.oxadiazon
87.5
7DBP
36.72 ab
33.41 ab
26.84 ab
0.34
0.07 ab
0.3
1.36
4.51 b
3.31
2.oxyfluorfen
30.55
7DBP
80.82 ab
76.47 ab
50.86 ab
0.07
0.02 a
5.8
0.19 a
2.98
1.37 b
3.quizalofop+
16
20DAP
6.59 a
3.99 a
0.78 a
0.31
1.72 abc
1.18 ab
2.6
15
20DAP
5.56 a
3.90 a
1.54 a
1.6 abc
0.04
0.06
0.57 ab
1.65
5.trifluralin
384
5DBP
66.88 ab
65.35 ab
60.81 ab
0.04
0.07 ab
0.37
2.05
2.0 ab
1.53
6.bensulide
960
5DBP
93.42 b
90.98 b
83.27 b
1.1
1.83 bc
1.19
2.2
1.31 ab
2.44
7.
3, 5
1.04 a
0.41 a
0.11
0.15 ab
0.04
0.05 a
0.04
0.59 ab
8.
1.58 a
0.99 a
0.07
0.55 abc
0.17 ab
0.10
0.48 ab
9.
99.12 b
92.98 b
75.25 b
1.73
2.11 c
0.69
10.92
1.73 ab
5.54
0.60 ab
C.V. (%) / F-test
100.9 /*
102.3 /*
108.6/*
211.7/ns
102.2/*
243.9/ns
294.1/ns
120.2/**
153.0/ns
174.7/ *
4.propaquizafop+
304
95% DMRT
305
10
(
//
(ai./)
1.paraquat+alachlor
110.4+240
216.0 ab
174 ab
41.4
0.6
142.6 ab
24.6 a
5.4 ab
2.0 a
0a
40.198 ab
240+240
418.6 ab
346.6 ab
68.6
3.4
307.4 b
30.0 a
6.6 ab
3.4 a
1 ab
78.246 ab
110.4+384
262.0 ab
202.6 ab
58.6
0.6
180.6 ab
7.4 a
10.6 ab
0.6 a
0.7 a
0.7 ab
48.511 ab
4.glyphosate+trifluralin
240+384
425.4 ab
244.6 ab
180.6
234.6 ab
2.6 a
2.6 a
0.7 a
0.7 ab
76.275 ab
5.paraquat
110.4
433.4 ab
296.6 ab
136.6
246.6 ab
10.0 a
14.6 ab
4.3 ab
6.0 b
79.084 ab
6.glyphosate
240
562.0 b
388.6 b
166.6
6.0
332.0 b
40.0 a
6.6 ab
6.0 ab
5.0 ab
102.87 b
7. alachlor
240
1026.6 c
984.0 c
40.0
3.4
834.0 c
140.6 b
8.6 ab
3.4 a
0a
195.6 c
8.trifluralin
384
436.0 ab
328.0 ab
108.0
298.0 b
22.6 a
3.3 ab
0a
80.427 ab
9. 3, 5
90.6 a
53.4 a
30.6
6.6
8.0 a
8.0 a
2.6 a
14.6 b
5.3 b
2.0 ab
16.487 a
10.
1030.6 c
724.0 c
278.6
28.0
666.6 c
36.0 a
22.0 b
5.4 ab
3.0 ab
189.45 c
C.V. (%) / F-test
32.3/**
31.9/**
140.4/ns
247.2/*
33.6/**
88.7/**
114.4/*
160.8/*
175.5/*
111.2/**
30.0/**
95% DMRT
305
3 )
306
11
(
3 )
(ai./)
110.4+240
55.1 b
44.46 abc
10.12
0.52
35.27 ab
7.94 a
0.71 ab
1.06
240+240
77.72 bc
61.21 bc
15.79
0.73
49.45 bc
10.79 a
0.80 ab
0.73
0.11 ab
110.4+384
68.62 b
52.91 abc
15.12
0.59
50.18 bc
2.02 a
0.48 a
0.59
0.12 a
0.09 ab
4.gltphosate+trifluralin
240+384
89.26 bcd
38.64 ab
50.61
15.89
36.89 ab
1.11 a
0.35 a
0.11 a
0.03 a
5.paraquat
110.4
120.9 cd
95.86 cd
25.05
77.32 bc
3.52 a
1.98 b
1.44 b
0.71 c
6.glyphosate
240
106.41 bcd
73.52 bcd
32.19
0.69
67.38 bc
13.12 a
0.67 ab
0.69
0.56 bc
7. alachlor
240
131.92 d
121.09 d
10.49
0.33
83.57 c
36.68 b
0.84 ab
0.33
8.trifluralin
384
100.14 bcd
76.19 bcd
23.95
67.63 bc
7.94 a
0.47 ab
9.
3, 5
5.52 a
2.74 a
2.47
0.31
0.73 a
0.30 a
0.13 a
0.47
0.54 ab
0.07 a
10.
216.72 e
175.29 e
35.73
5.71
162.83 d
11.41 a
0.28 a
0.16
0.16 ab
C.V. (%) / F-test
20.2/**
28.0/**
116.3/ns
381.2/ns
27.7/**
61.8/**
122.3/*
148.4/ns
159.4/**
109.7/**
95% DMR
306
1.paraquat+alachlor
307
Air blast
Study on the Efficacy of Airblast Sprayers for
Controlling thrip and Mite Pests in Tangerine

________________________________
Saturn yellow
0.5% w/v Airblast

2551 2
RCB 4 4 1
Airblast 3 / 3 two side
conveyor, Air tower Air tower
8.5 / () 2
Airblast Air tower 3 /
4

- - 20
UV 9

07-01-49-02-15-01-01-01
308

run off

Airblast

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Airblast

Albuz
Saturn yellow
Saturn yellow 0.5% w/v

Airblast 3 /
2551 2
RCB 4 4
309
1 Airblast

1.1 Airblast two side conveyor 3 /
1.2 Airblast Air tower 3 /
1.3 Airblast Air tower
() 3 /
1.4 8.5 / ()
2 Airblast 3 / Air tower

2.1 Albuz 9 (
) 18 20
2.2 Albuz 7 8 1 16
32 10
2.3 Albuz 1 16 17
34 20
2.4 Albuz 13 1 1 15
30 15
-
20 Ultra
violet 9
1
2 1 -2
3 < 20 /..
4 3
5 21 50 /..
6 5
7 > 50 /..
8 7
9 run off
310

2551
311
1
Biocontrol of Northern Corn Leaf Blight
1 1
1 2
1

2
5
Exerohilum turcicum 3 isolate

1 isolate
E. turcicum
leaf wash technigue 25 isolate PDA
3 E. turcicum PDA 7
07-01-49-02-17-01-01-51
312
Exerohilum turcicum
.
. . .
(, 2545)

2547 (2549)
4
. . . 2548

4 . . .
2549
(
, 2549) 45

( , 2545; , 2549)

1.
2.
313
3.
1.
Tissue Transplanting
10
(potato dextrose agar; PDA) CaCO3
0.85 ( Tzeng et al., 1992) 25-30

stock culture
2.
leaf wash technigue RNV

3. E.
turcicum
2
E. turcicum PDA 5
cork borrer 8
PDA loop
RNV 24 E. turcicum
1 . 4
4 . CRD 4

E. turcicum

0 =
1 =
2 = 5 .
3 = 6-12 .
4 = 13 .
314
E. turcicum
1
2550- 2553

1.

tissues transplanting method
3 x 5 . 10 %
2 4 2 PDA
2 - 3 hyphal tip isolation
PDA
PDA E.
turcicum Koch ( Kock s postulate )

E. turcicum
2.
leaf wash technigue

25 isolate . . .
3 isolate . . . . 4 isolate
. . 2 isolate . .
2 isolate . . . 4 isolate . . 5
isolate . . 3 isolate . . 2
isolate E. turcicum
3.
E. turcicum
315
E.
turcicum PDA E. turcicum
7 3 E. turcicum
PDA
E. turcicum
leaf wash technigue 25 isolate
PDA 3 E. turcicum
PDA 7
. 2545. .
, . 105 .
-. 2545. .
.69 .

. 2549.
. :
2. 9-11 2549. .
..

5. 2549.
. 1-3 2549.
..
Tzeng, T.F., L.K. Lyngholm, C.F. Ford and C.R. Bronson. 1992. A RFLP maps and
electrophoretic karyotype of the fungal maize pathogen Cochliobolus heterostrophus.
Genetics 130: 81-92.
316
1
Interaction of maize lines to Northern Corn Leaf Blight

5
Exserohilum turcicum (Pass.) Leonard & Suggs.

2551
17
.
. 80 1-5 1
5
2 1)
16 2) 1
07-01-49-02-17-01-01-51
317

2550 5.96 ), 2550)
90 )Pingali, 2001)
18,000

10

3,000 ( ,2551)

2551 7.65 ) ,
2551)

2552 ) 3NSX
042029) 350 10,000
6
18,000

Exserohilum turcicum (Pass.) Leonard & Suggs.
40-30 2

8-6
)Degefu, 2003)
) ,
318
2546; Lipps and Mills, 2002; Pataky et al., 1998 )

) ,2551)

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
1.

2.
3 (spreader row)
75 20
2 1 16-20 -0
50 46-0-0 1 25
3.
3.1
319
Tissue Transplanting
10
(potato dextrose agar; PDA) CaCO3
0.85 ) Tzeng et al., 1992)
25-30

stock culture
3.2
3.2.1 18 3-4

2 3 120
15 45
3.2.2

3

3.2.3

3.3
2
), 2551)
4.

2 75 20
2 2 1
16-20-0 50 / 3
46-0-0 25 /
200 / 300 /
5.
320
80 1-5
10 2
Scott et al. (1984)
1 = 5
2 = 6 - 25
3 = 26 - 50
4 = 51 75
5 = 76 - 100

4 ( ,2551)
R = 1.00 1.99
MR = 2.00 2.99
MS = 3.00 3.99
S = 4.00 - 5.00
. .
2550- 2551

12 3 2

16
2.0-2.6
NSX 052012 NSX 062020 2.4 2.6 NSX
042029

2 1 3
4 ( 1)
321
1
) (
2551
1/
1
NSX 052011
2.1
MR
2
NSX 052012
2.4
MR
3
NSX 052014
2.0
MR
4
NSX 052015
2.1
MR
5
NSX 052016
2.2
MR
6
NSX 052018
2.2
MR
7
NSX 062006
2.1
MR
8
NSX 062012
2.1
MR
9
NSX 062029
2.2
MR
10
NSX 062020
2.6
MR
11
NSX 042022
2.2
MR
12
NSX 042029
2.0
MR
13
NK 48
2.1
MR
14
Big 919
2.1
MR
15
CP-DK 888
2.1
MR
16
2
2.0
MR
17
3
4.0
S
1/
R = Resistant MR = Moderately Resistant MS = Moderately Susceptible S =
Susceptible

10-20
1-3 ) ,2551)
NSX 042022 NSX 042029

322
NSX 042029 3

(Pataky, 2006)

80
2551 17
2
16 1
.2546.

49-63
.2551. .
.
18-21 2551
.2551. .
.
18-21 2551
323
. 2551. .
5
.2551. 2550 . Available
Source:http://www.oae.go.th/statistic/yearbook50/
Degefu, Y. 2003. Cloning and characterization of xylanase genes from phytopathogenic
fungi with a special difference to Helminthosporium turcicum, the cause of
northern leaf blight of maize. Available
Source:http://www.mm.helsinki.fi/MMSB/tutkimus/ju/julkisut/laitossarja.htm
Lipps, P.E. and D. Mills. 2002. Northern corn leaf blight. Available source:
http://ohioline.osu.edu/ac-fact/pdf/0020.htm. November 10,2003.
Pataky, J.K., R.N. Raid, L.J. du Toit and T.J. Schueneman. 1998. Disease severity and
yield of sweet corn hybrids with resistance to northern leaf blight. Plant Disease
82: 57-63.
Pataky, J.K.,M. Williams, B. Warsaw, M. Meyer and J. Moody. 2006. Sweet corn hybrid
disease nursery-2006. Available Source: http://sweetcorn.uiuc.edu
Pingali, P.L. 2001. CIMMYT 1990-2000 World Maize Facts and Trends. Meeting World
Maize Needs: Technology Opportunities and Priority for the Public sector.
Mexico, D.F.;CIMMYT
Scott, G.E., S.B. King and J.W. Armour, Jr. 1984. Inheritance of resistance to southern
corn rust in maize populations. Crop Science 24: 265-267.
Tzeng, T.F., L.K. Lyngholm, C.F. Ford and C.R. Bronson. 1992. A RFLP maps and
electrophoretic karyotype of the fungal maize pathogen Cochliobolus heterostrophus.
Genetics 130: 81-92.
324
Efficacy of Antagonist Microorganism in Controlling the

Asparagus Stem blight Diseases

T. harzianum TS29 2549

. . RCB 4 6
T. harzianum TS29
. T. harzianum TS29
.
15 3
T. harzianum TS29
.
T. harzianum TS29 .

T. harzianum
07-01-49-02
325

Trichoderma spp. Bacillus spp.
S. rolfsi , R. solani , Pythium spp., Phytophthora spp.

Trichoderma spp.
Trichoderma spp.

( , 2542)
2549
Trichoderma spp. 9 .

Trichoderma spp. 100
Phomopsis asparagi
PDA Trichoderma spp. 18
Trichoderma spp.
Trichoderma hazianum
5 TS15, TS29, TS31, TS33 TS38
Trichoderma hazianum Trichoderma
hazianum TS29 TS31
10 10.07
15.72
42.54 (, 2550)
Trichoderma hazianum
TS29 2549

326

1. Trichoderma harzianum TS29

2. PDA
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
1. . .

2 x 10 1.50 x 0.50 20
5
2. RCB 4 6
1. T. harzianum + + 0.5 : 1 : 10 ..
0.5 : 1 : 10 ..
2. T. harzianum + + .
3.
10 ..
4. .
10 ..
5. .lj T. harzianum
0.5 ..
6. T. harzianum (Control)
327
3. T. harzianum TS29
(2544)
1 15 3

4. 15
4
5 5
1 =
2 = 1 - 10 %
3 = 11 - 25 %
4 = 26 - 50 %
5 = 50 %

DMRT
2551 2552
. .

T. harzianum TS29
. T.
harzianum TS29
. . 1- 2
1.05 1.10 1.06 1.20
( 1 )
3 .
1.16 T. harzianum
TS29 . T. harzianum TS29
328
1.25, 1.35 1.31
T.
harzianum TS29 1.54 2.08 ( 1 )
4 15
T. harzianum TS29 .
T. harzianum TS29 .
1.77, 1.78, 1.60 1.50
T.
harzianum TS29 2.10 2.38 ( 1 )
T. harzianum TS29
.
T. harzianum TS29 .
Pangga (2004) (Bio-organic feritlizer)
BIOGREEN
T. reesei
Azotobacter sp.

T. reesei

.
Shin Huang (1998)

T. harzianum TS29
.
329

T. harzianum TS29
.

. . T. harzianum
TS29 .
T. harzianum TS29
.
T. harzianum TS29
.
T. harzianum
330
. 2542. .
2. 90
.
. 2544.
. 32
.
.2550.
Trichoderma spp. .
2550 1.
. . . 366 378.
Pangga, G. V. 2004. The Application and Development of Biochemical and Biofertilizer
for Crop Production in The Philippines. Paper to be presented during the
International Seminar on The Use of Non-Chemical Management to Control Soilborne Diseases in Fruit and Vegetable Crops at Kasetsart University, Bangkok,
Thailand. 25-29 October, 2004.
Shin, S. D., and J. W. Huang. 1998. Effect of Nutrient Amendments on Suppressiveness
Of Antagonistic Microorganisms to Plant Pathogens.
http://www/.bspp.org.uk/icpp98/5.2/39.html 11 2550
331
1 Trichoderma harzianum
. .
(.)
T1. Trichoderma harzianum + +

T2. Trichoderma harzianum + + .
T3.
T4. .
T5. Trichoderma harzianum
T6 .Control ( Trichoderma harzianum )
CV. (%)
0.5:1:10
0.5:1:10
10
10
0.5
-
1.10a2/
1.10a
1.06a
1.05a
1.04a
1.08a
5.1
1.13a
1.19a
1.16a
1.06a
1.14a
1.20a
17.1
1.25ab
1.35ab
1.54b
1.16a
1.31ab
2.08c
13.1
1.77a
1.78a
2.10b
1.50a
1.60a
2.38b
10.2
1/ = 25 / 4
1 = , 2 = 1-10% , 3 = 11-25%, 4 = 26-50%,
5 = 50%
2/ = Duncans multiple range test
331
1/
1
2
3
4
332
1
Efficacy of adjuvants that are used with some fungicides in Controlling the
Asparagus Stem blight Diseases

2 azoxystrobin
25% W/V/SC 5 10 .. 20
2
2551 .
RCB 4 7 7
3 14 2 2
spreader sticker
azoxystrobin 25% W/V/SC 10 .. 20
azoxystrobin 25% W/V/SC 10
5 .. 20 3

07- 01- 49 - 02
333

.
2549 carbendazim 50% W/V/SC azoxystrobin
25% W/V/SC (, 2549)
2550 carbendazim 50%W/V/SC

10 - 20 20
azoxystrobin 25%W/V/SC 5 - 10 20
2
carbendazim
50%W/V/SC azoxystrobin
25%W/V/SC 5
2 7-10 (
, 2550)

wax ( , 2519 )
(adjuvants)

(, 2528)

334
1.
2. azoxystrobin 25% W/V/SC
3. 2
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9. 15-15-15
10.
1. . .

2 x 10 1.50 x 0.50 20
5
2. RCB 4 7
1. azoxystrobin 25% W/V/SC + spreader- sticker
5+2 ../ 20
2. azoxystrobin 25% W/V/SC + surfactant
5+2 ../ 20
3. azoxystrobin 25% W/V/SC + spreader- sticker
10+2 ../ 20
4. azoxystrobin 25% W/V/SC + surfactant
10+2 ../ 20
5 ../ 20
10 ../ 20
7.
335
3.
7 3
14 2
4.
6
5 5
1 =
2 = 1 - 10 %
3 = 11 - 25 %
4 = 26 - 50 %
5 = 50 %

DMRT
2550 2551
. .

1
2 spreader
sticker surfactant 2 ..
azoxystrobin 25% W/V/SC 5 10 .. 20 . .
2551
1
1.03 1.19 ( 1)
2, 3 4

336
2 1.29, 1.22,
1.23,1.34,1.42,1.23 2.03
3 1.33,1.49,1.33,1.43,1.51,1.31 2.15
4 1.52, 1.51, 1.36, 1.45,
1.59,1.44 2.23 ( 1 )
5 azoxystrobin 25%
W/V/SC 10 .. spreader sticker 2 .. 20
1.39
azoxystrobin 25% W/V/SC 5 .. 20
1.73 2.31
azoxystrobin 25% W/V/SC 10 .. spreader sticker 2 ..
20 azoxystrobin 25% W/V/SC
5 .. spreader sticker 2 .. 20 ,
azoxystrobin 25% W/V/SC 5 .. surfactant 2 .. 20
azoxystrobin 25% W/V/SC 10 .. surfactant 2
.. 20 azoxystrobin 25% W/V/SC 10 .. 20
166,1.48,1.50 1.69 (
1 )
6 7
azoxystrobin 25% W/V/SC 10 .. spreader sticker 2
.. 20 1.54
azoxystrobin 25% W/V/SC 5 10 .. 20 ,
1.78 1.82
azoxystrobin 25% W/V/SC 5 .. 10 .. surfactant 2 ..
20 2.02 1.94
azoxystrobin 25% W/V/SC 5 10 ..
20 azoxystrobin 25% W/V/SC 5 .. spreader
sticker 2 .. 20 2.21

2.60 ( 1 )
337
2
. .
2551 1

1.10 1.18 ( 2 )
2 azoxystrobin 25%
W/V/SC 10 .. spreader sticker surfactant 2 ..
20 1.15 1.19
azoxystrobin 25%
W/V/SC 5 10 .. 20
1.35,1.34 1.39 2
azoxystrobin 25% W/V/SC 5 .. spreader sticker
surfactant 2 .. 20 1.25
1.20 ( 2 )
3 azoxystrobin 25%
1.24 azoxystrobin
25% W/V/SC 5 .. spreader sticker surfactant 2 ..
20 azoxystrobin 25% W/V/SC 10 ..
surfactant 2 .. 20
154,1.65,1.56 1.76 ( 2 )
4 azoxystrobin 25%
W/V/SC 10 .. spreader sticker surfactant 2 ..
20 azoxystrobin 25% W/V/SC 5 10 .. 20

1.28,1.64,1.43 1.43
surfactant 2 .. 20
1.76,1.71 1.90 ( 2 )
338
5 azoxystrobin 25%
1.44
azoxystrobin 25% W/V/SC 5 10 .. 20
1.55 1.57
surfactant 2 .. 20 azoxystrobin 25% W/V/SC 10
.. surfactant 2 .. 20
1.85,1.90,1.92 2.23 ( 2 )
6 7
azoxystrobin 25% W/V/SC 10 .. spreader sticker 2
.. 20 1.92
azoxystrobin 25% W/V/SC 5 10 .. 20
2.53 2.34
azoxystrobin 25% W/V/SC 5 ..
spreader sticker surfactant 2 .. 20
azoxystrobin 25% W/V/SC 10 .. surfactant 2 .. 20
2.65,2.74,2.71
3.07 ( 2 )
2
2552 1

1
spreader
sticker 10 .. 20
2
spreader sticker 10 ..
20
339
azoxystrobin 25% W/V/SC 2
(2528) spreader sticker

fatty
acid, latex, aliphatic alcohols
(http//pubs.caes.uga/caespubs/ pubcd/B1319/ B1319.html)
surfactant

4 Anionic surfactants, Cationic surfactants, Amphoteric surfactants
Nonionic surfactants ( http//pubs.caes.uga/ caespubs/pubcd/ B1319/B1319.html )
surfactants
surfactants Nonionic surfactants

( , 2528 )
Anionic surfactants

spreader sticker
2
spreader sticker surfactant

2
penetrant, anticondensates, thickener
340
2 azoxystrobin
25% W/V/SC 5 10 .. 20
2 7 3
14 2 2
spreader sticker azoxystrobin 25%
W/V/SC 10 .. 20
azoxystrobin
25% W/V/SC 10 5 .. 20
3
.2549.
.
2549 1.
.. 250-260.

. 2550.
. 2550 1.
. . . 379
394.
. 2528. . . . 371 .
. 2519.
. ; . 4(1) : 30-32 .
http//pubs.caes.uga/ caespubs/pubcd/ B1319/B1319.html. Using Surfactants, Wetting
Agents, and Adjuvants in the Greenhouse. 9 2552.
341
1
1 . . 2551
1
1.09a2/
1.06a
1.13a
1.19a
1.03a
1.04a
1.18a
7.4
1.29a
1.22a
1.23a
1.34a
1.42a
1.23a
2.03b
9.5
1.33a
1.49a
1.33a
1.43a
1.51a
1.31a
2.15b
16.8
1.52a
1.51a
1.36a
1.45a
1.59a
1.44a
2.23b
12.5
1.66ab
1.48ab
1.39a
1.50ab
1.73b
1.69ab
2.31c
12.1
1/ = 25 / 4
1 = , 2 = 1-10% , 3 = 11-25%, 4 = 26-50%,
5 = 50%
6
2.21c
2.02bc
1.54a
1.94bc
1.78ab
1.82ab
2.60d
11.6
341
T1. azoxystrobin 25%W/V/SC + spreaders- sticker

T2. azoxystrobin 25%W/V/SC+ surfactant
T3. azoxystrobin 25%W/V/SC + spreaders -sticker
T5. azoxystrobin 25%W/V/SC
T7.
CV. (%)
( / 20
)
5+2
5+2
10+2
10+2
5
10
-
1/

2
3
4
5
342
2
2 . . 2551
1
1.10a2/
1.12a
1.13a
1.18a
1.11a
1.16a
1.15a
7.9
1.25ab
1.20ab
1.15a
1.19a
1.35b
1.34b
1.39b
16.6
1.54bcd
1.65cd
1.24a
1.56bcd
1.37ab
1.41abc
1.76d
11.1
1.76b
1.71b
1.28a
1.64a
1.43a
1.43a
1.90c
9.7
1/ = 25 / 4
1 = , 2 = 1-10% , 3 = 11-25%, 4 = 26-50%,
5 = 50%
1.85bc
1.90c
1.44a
1.92c
1.55ab
1.57ab
2.23c
11.0
6
2.65b
2.74b
1.92a
2.71b
2.53ab
2.34ab
3.07b
17.3
342
T1. azoxystrobin 25%W/V/SC + spreaders - sticker

T3. azoxystrobin 25%W/V/SC + spreaders - sticker
T7.
CV. (%)
( / 20
)
5+2
5+2
10+2
10+2
5
10
-
1/

2
3
4
5
343
Controlling Anthracnose Disease on Mango by Antagonistic Microorganism

5613
5613

15 30

07-01-49-02
344
Colletotrichum gloeosporioides
Penz.

( , 2545 )
2-3
( latent infection )
( Verhoeff, 1974 )
fruiting body ( spores mass )

( , 2542 )

1.
2. 80%WP
3. PSB, PSA ,PDB PDA
4.
5613
1. Factorial in CRD 2
345
1.1 PSB, PSA , PDB , PDA
1.2 15 30
2. C. gloeosporioides PDA
3. 5613 PSB PDB 300
. (shaker) 150 4
4. 5613 PSA PDA 4
300.
5. 6.5 300 .
6.
5613 3 4
7. 5

8.
9. cork borer 5 . C. gloeosporioides

2 6 .
10.
2550 2551
.
5613

5613

15
30
346

5613

347
1 5613
(a)
PSB
PDB
PSA
PDA
Control ()
CV. (a) = 34.8%**
(b)/(.)
15
30
0.52 a
0.62 a
0.76 a
0.95 bc
0.71 a
0.73 ab
1.10 b
1.28 d
1.06 b
1.05 cd
0.72 a
0.84 abc
0.81
0.91
(.)
0.57 a
0.86 bc
0.72 ab
1.19 d
1.05 cd
0.78 ab
0.86
CV. (b) = 26.0 % ns
Verhoeff, K. 1974. Latent infection by fungi. Ann.Rev. Phytopathol. 12: 99-110

, 2542. .
- 1 . 90 92.
- . 2545. .
119 .
348
Study and Improvement on Application Methods

for Controlling Anthracnose on Mango

________________________________

3.50 3.80 5.00 5.60
2551
RCB 5 4 Airblast
4, 5 6 / 8 /
prochloraz
(Pollard 50% WP) 4 / 40
7 3 15
20 / 3 7
3 Airblast
6 /
4 / 7
Airblast 6 /
2552

________________________________
070149-02-03-01-03-49
349
Efficacious Study on Spraying Technique for Controlling

Thrips (Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood) on Chilli

________________________________

2551 2.5 x 14.0 2 RCB 5
4
3 Disc and core

Wizza imidacloprid
(Confidor 10% SL) 24 / 3
imidacloprid 1 spiromesifen (Oberon 24% SC) 14.4
/ 3 4
3
imidacloprid 1
spiromesifen
14.4 / 7 4
4
2552
070149-02-01-03-01-51
350

(Scirtothrips

dorsalis) (Polyphagotarsonemus latus)

,2550

Tartrazine
100 /

biological
1. (motorized high pressure

knapsack sprayer)
2. (motorized knapsack mist blower)
3. 3 ,
(disc and core)

4. Wizza
5. 2.5 x 14.0 2
6. imidacloprid (Confidor 10% SL)
7. spiromesifen (Oberon 24% SC)
8.
351

2551
RCB 5 4
1.
( 3 ) 120 / ()
2.
disc and core 80-100 /
3.
80 100 /
4.
Wizza 20 40 /
5.
2.5 x 14.0 2
imidacloprid(Confidor)10% SL 40 ./ 20 3
imidacloprid 1 spiromesifen (Oberon 24% SC) 10 ./ 20
4 7
25 /

2551
( 1)
4
imidacloprid (Confidor10% SL)
24 / 7 3
3.69 5.23 /
1, 2 3
352
0.77 1.37, 0.25 0.35 0.05 0.13 /
2.98, 0.89 0.39 /
( 2)
3.32 4.83 /
imidacloprid 1
spiromesifen (Oberon 24% SC) 14.4 /
7 4 1
8.28 10.72 /
7.46 / 2, 3, 4 5
2.31 4.80, 6.22 7.78, 1.03 2.10 0.46 0.81 /
8.94,
13.27, 4.95 1.88 /

3

4
imidacloprid (Confidor 10%
SL) 24 / 7 3

3
imidacloprid 1
spiromesifen (Oberon 24%SC) 14.4 / 7 4

4

2552
353
.
2550. .
. 321 342 2550 1
.
354
1 (/) imidacloprid (Confidor) 10% SL
3 25 /
( 2551)
1/
HP-Farmer
MB-HV
MB-LV
HP-DC
Cont.
CV (%)
1/
2/
5.23
4.53
3.69
4.41
4.86
40.11
(/)
1
2
1.15 a 2/
0.27 a
0.77 a
0.27 a
1.33 a
0.25 a
1.37 a
0.35 a
2.98 b
0.89 b
33.72
61.97
3
0.13 a
0.05 a
0.10 a
0.12 a
0.39 b
75.35
HP-Farmer :
3 ()
MB-HV :
MB-LV :
Wizza
HP-DC :
Disc and core
95% DMRT
355
2 (/) imidacloprid(Confidor 10%SL)
1 spiromesifen(Oberon 24% SC)
25 / 4
( 2551)
1/
HP-Farmer
MB-HV
MB-LV
HP-DC
Cont.
CV (%)
1/ , 2/
3.32
4.83
4.46
4.00
4.13
30.10
1
1
9.77
10.72
8.28
9.49
7.46
29.75
(/)
2
3
4.80 a
6.88 a
3.70 a
6.65 a
2.31 a
6.22 a
4.14 a
7.78 a
8.94 b
13.27 b
54.44
43.22
4
1.03 a
2.10 a
1.61 a
1.29 a
4.95 b
76.87
5
0.46 a
0.81 a
0.54 a
0.77 a
1.88 b
74.07
356
Studies on Species, Biology and Predation Efficiency of Spider Fauna on Fruit

Flies in Mango Orchards

17 50 66 Araneidae 15 Araneus dehaani
(Doleschall) A.inustus (L. Koch) A. mitificus (Simon) A. ventricosus ( L. Koch) Araneus sp.
Arachnura sp. Argiope catenulata (Doleschall) Cyclosa bifida (Doleschall) C. insulana
(Costa) Eriovixia excelsa (Simon) Larinia sp. Neoscona melloteei (Simon) Poltys illepidus
(C.L.Koch) Zygiella calyptrata (Workman) Z. nadleri Heimer Clubionidae 4
Chiracanthium longtailen Xu Chiracanthium sp. Clubiona kurilensis Boes.et.Str
Kokaibanoides sp. Corinnidae 1 Castianeira sp. Gnaphosidae 1
Scotophaeus sp. Linyphiidae 2 Hylyphantes graminicola
(Sundevall) Lepthyphantes
sp.
Lycosidae
2 Pardosa
pseudoannulata (Boes et.Str) Pardosa sp. Oxyopidae 2 Oxyopes
lineatipes (C.L.Koch) O. javanus Thorell Philodromidae 1 Tibellus sp.
Pholcidae 1 Spermophora senoculata (Duges) Pisauridae 1
Pisaura sp. Salticidae 13 Carrhotus xanthogramma (Latreille)
Cosmophasis micans Simon Epius flavobilineatus (Doleschall) Evacha flavocincta
(C.L.Koch) Harmochirus sp. Hyllus diardi (Walckenaer)Marpissa sp. Myrmarachne
plataleoides (O.P.-Cambridge) Myrmarachne sp. Phintella versicolor (C.L.Koch) P. vittata
(C.L.Koch) Telamonia dimidiata (Simon) T. festiva (Thorell) Sparassidae 1
Olios sp. Tetragnathidae 8 Dyschiriognatha sp. Leucauge decorata
(Blackwall) Meta sp. Tetragnatha javana (Thorell) T. maxillosa Thorell T. squamata Karsch
07-01-49-02
357
Tylorida striata (Thorell) T. ventralis (Thorell) Theridiidae 6 Achaearanea
angulithorax (Boes.et.Str) Argyrodes fissifrons O.P. Cambridge Chrysso sp. Theridion
adamsoni Berland T. chikunii Yaginuma T. mystaceum L.Koch Thomisidae 6
Amyciaea lineatipes Pickard Cambridge Misumenops sp. Oxytate parallela (Simon)
Runcinia acuminata (Thorell) Thomisus sp. Xysticus sp. Uloboridae 1
Philoponella sp. Zodariidae 1 Mallinella sp.
Bactrocera dorsalis
(Hendel) B. correcta (Bezzi) (prey) B. dorsalis
Araneus ventricosus Argiope catenulata Cyclosa bifida Eriovixia
excelsa Neoscona melloteei Poltys illepidus Zygiella nadleri Chiracanthium sp. Clubiona
kurilensis Scotophaeus sp. Hylyphantes graminicola Lepthyphantes sp. Pardosa sp.
Oxyopes lineatipes Oxyopes lineatipes Pisaura sp. Carrhotus
xanthogramma Evarcha flavocincta Myrmarchne plataleoides Phintella versicolor
Telamonia festiva Tetragnatha maxillosa T. squamata Argyrodes fissifrons Chysso sp.
Coleosoma blandum Theridion chikunii Misumenops sp. Oxytate parallela Runcinia
acuminata Xysticus sp. Philoponella sp. B.
dorsalis 0.95 1.27 0.95 1.3 0.1 0.9 0.54 1.3 0.7 1.15 1.19 1.0
0.8 7.3 6.3 0.9 1.0 1.3 1.0 1.0 0.9 1.04 0.8 0.2 1.3 0.5 0.7 1.1 0.8 0.9 0.7 0.78
B.correcta A. ventricosus A.
catenulata E. excelsa Z. nadleri C. kurilensis Castianeira sp. H. graminicola Pardosa
sp. O.lineatipes () O.lineatipes () Spermophora senoculata Pisaura sp. E.
flavocincta Hyllus diardi M. plataleoides Phintella versicolor P. vittata Telamonia dimidiata
T. festiva Achaearanea angulithorax T. chikunii Misumenops sp. Oxytate parallela
Philoponella sp. 1.0 0.8 0.5 0.4 0.4
0.6 0.64 0.6 3.17 2.77 0.6 0.4 1.48 6.5 0.7 0.77 1.0 0.7 0.75 0.9 0.6 0.8 0.6 0.5

(percent composition)
(Oxyopes lineatipes) 3
4 76 60
2548 2549 2549 2550
358

(Bactrocera dorsalis)

14 13
10
6.25 6.8 5.27

14 15 14
6.8 7.0 5.9

(ovipositor)

1,000
80%
( 2542)
359
(2544) Bactrocera dorsalis
(Hendel) 3 1

B. correcta (Bezzi) B. dorsalis

1

B. zonata(Saunders)
B. correcta
clypeus
gena () B. correcta
clypeus 2
B. carambolae (Drew & Hancock)
B. dorsalis
B .papayae (Drew & Hancock)
B. dorsalis B. tuberculata (Bezzi)
B. dorsalis

Levi & Levi (1986) Phidippus sp.
Salticidae 40

1 2 Bactrocera dorsalis Hendel B. correcta

(Saunders)
2 40
3 1
4 2 7.5x5.5x3 15x29x8.5
360
5
6
7
8
9 75%
10 ethyl acetate
11
12 petridish
13 stereo microscope
14
1.

ethyl acetate 75%

2. B. correcta
B. dorsalis
15x29x8.5
1 10
1 B. correcta B. dorsalis 5
Oxyopes lineatipes 10
5 10 10
3.
Oxyopes
lineatipes
9
15
10 5
2
361
10 10
1-2
4. (Oxyopes lineatipes)
1 15x29x8.5
1 1 20
1 1 2 3 5 8 10 13
14 15 16 17

10 6

6.5
4 10
6. (Bactrocera dorsalis)
(Oxyopes lineatipes)
6.1
15x29x8.5
1 2 3
1 1 20 6
1 Bactrocera dorsalis 3 3, 5
10 6

3, 5 10 10

6.5
6.2
6.1 10
362
9 15
80

10 10
2548 2552 4

1.

17 50 66

Araneidae 15 Araneus dehaani (Doleschall) A. inustus (L. Koch)
A. mitificus (Simon) A. ventricosus ( L. Koch) Araneus sp. Arachnura sp. Argiope
catenulata (Doleschall) Cyclosa bifida (Doleschall) C. insulana (Costa) Eriovixia excelsa
(Simon) Larinia sp. Neoscona melloteei (Simon) Poltys illepidus (C.L.Koch) Zygiella
calyptrata (Workman) Z. nadleri Heimer
Clubionidae 4 Chiracanthium longtailen Xu Chiracanthium sp.
Clubiona kurilensis Boes.et.Str Kokaibanoides sp.
Corinnidae 1 Castianeira sp.
Gnaphosidae 1 Scotophaeus sp.
Linyphiidae 2 Hylyphantes graminicola (Sundevall)
Lepthyphantes sp.
Lycosidae 2 Pardosa pseudoannulata (Boes et.Str) Pardosa
sp.
Oxyopidae 2 Oxyopes lineatipes (C.L.Koch) O. javanus
Throell
Philodromidae 1 Tibellus sp.
Pholcidae 1 Spermophora senoculata (Duges)
363
Pisauridae 1 Pisaura sp.
Salticidae 13 Carrhotus xanthogramma (Latreille) Cosmophasis
micans Simon Epius flavobilineatus (Doleschall) Evacha flavocincta (C.L.Koch)
Harmochirus sp. Hyllus diardi (Walckenaer) Marpissa sp. Myrmarachne plataleoides
(O.P.-Cambridge) Myrmarachne sp. Phintella versicolor (C.L.Koch) P. vittata (C.L.Koch)
Telamonia dimidiata (Simon) T. festiva (Thorell)
Sparassidae 1 Olios sp.
Tetragnathidae 8 Dyschiriognatha sp. Leucauge decorata
(Blackwall) Meta sp. Tetragnatha javana (Thorell) T. maxillosa Thorell T. squamata Karsch
Tylorida striata (Thorell) T. ventralis (Thorell)
Theridiidae 6 Achaearanea angulithorax (Boes.et.Str) Argyrodes
fissifrons O.P. Cambridge Chrysso sp. Theridion adamsoni Berland T. chikunii Yaginuma
T. mystaceum L.Koch
Thomisidae 6 Amyciaea lineatipes Pickard Cambridge
Misumenops sp. Oxytate parallela (Simon) Runcinia acuminate (Thorell) Thomisus sp.
Xysticus sp.
Uloboridae 1 Philoponella sp.
Zodariidae 1 Mallinella sp.
2. B. dorsalis B.correcta
(Table 1)
(prey) B. dorsalis Araneus
ventricosus Argiope catenulata Cyclosa bifida Eriovixia excelsa Neoscona melloteei
Poltys illepidus Zygiella nadleri Chiracanthium sp. Clubiona kurilensis Scotophaeus sp.
Hylyphantes graminicola Lepthyphantes sp. Pardosa sp. Oxyopes lineatipes
Oxyopes lineatipes Pisaura sp. Carrhotus xanthogramma Evarcha flavocincta
Myrmarchne plataleoides Phintella versicolor Telamonia festiva Tetragnatha maxillosa T.
squamata Argyrodes fissifrons Chysso sp. Coleosoma blandum Theridion chikunii
Misumenops sp. Oxytate parallela Runcinia acuminata Xysticus sp. Philoponella sp.
B. dorsalis 0.95 1.27
0.95 1.3 0.1 0.9 0.54 1.3 0.7 1.15 1.19 1.0 0.8 7.3 6.3 0.9 1.0 1.3 1.0 1.0 0.9
1.04 0.8 0.2 1.3 0.5 0.7 1.1 0.8 0.9 0.7 0.78
364
B.correcta A. ventricosus A. catenulata E. excelsa Z. nadleri C.
kurilensis Castianeira sp. H. graminicola Pardosa sp. O.lineatipes () O.lineatipes
() Spermophora senoculata Pisaura sp. E. flavocincta Hyllus diardi M. plataleoides
Phintella versicolor P. vittata Telamonia dimidiata T. festiva Achaearanea angulithorax
T. chikunii Misumenops sp. Oxytate parallela Philoponella sp.
1.0 0.8 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.64 0.6 3.17 2.77 0.6 0.4 1.48 6.5
0.7 0.77 1.0 0.7 0.75 0.9 0.6 0.8 0.6 0.5
Table 1 coefficient of variation (CV)
1.54-94.28% O. lineatipes
CV 7.4-10.79% 8.66-10.09% CV
(SD)
7-11% (Gomez
and Gomez, 1976) B. dorsalis B. correcta
3.
O. lineatipes
3.1
fig. 2 (A,B) 79
60
2548 2549 2549
2550 fig. 2 (C,D)
3 4
2548 2549 2549
2550

3.2
fig. 3

365

1 2 3 5 8 10 13 14 15 16 17
1 (Table 2 fig. 4)
1 1.65 1.98 2.95 5.48 5.5 6.0 6.25 6.07 7.72 7.78
1.0 1.8 2.33 3.43 5.70 6.32
6.8 6.5 6.3 7.67 7.53 0.98 1.35
1.7 2.62 4.45 5.27 5.15 5.17 5.13 6.53 6.48

17 16 16
7.78 7.67 6.53
10
1 2 3 5 8 10 13 14 15
1 (Table 3 fig. 4)
1 1.77 2.1 3.02 5.7 5.71 6.28 6.8 6.7
1 1.92 2.23 3.17 5.7 5.65 6.67 6.8 7.0
1 1.58 1.58 2.78 4.97 4.97 5.38 5.9
5.78

14 15 14
6.8 7.0 5.9
366
fig. 4

6. (Bactrocera dorsalis)
Table 2 4 5 Fig. 5 1
3 5 10
1.98 2.95 5.5 2.33 3.43 6.32
1.7 2.62 5.27
2 3 5 10
1.34 2.11 3.37 1
1.4, 2.22 3.37 1 1.17
1.71 2.59 1 3
3 5 10 0.95
1.43 2.49 1 0.99 1.53
2.59 1 0.92 1.24 2.08
1
Table 3 6 7 Fig. 6 1
3 5 10
2.1 3.02 5.71 2.23 3.17 5.65
1.58 2.78 4.97 2
3 5 10
1.2 1.87 3.3 1
1.28 1.88 3.42 1 1.12 1.61
2.95 1 3
3 5 10 1.0 1.57
2.59 1 1.0 1.59
2.84 1 0.97 1.33
2.34 1
367

fig. 7 8 9 10

6-32 %
74-100%
220% 16-80%


1 40-110

( 2541, 2544)

368

1. 17 50 66
2. Bactrocera dorsalis
B. correcta (37 )
B. dorsalis 7.3 6.3
B. correcta 3.17 2.77
Hyllus diardi B. correcta 6.5 H.
diardi 35
2 0.1- 1.48
3. 1.5-2%
21.5-40%

4.

5.

6.

369

1.
2.

(Economic threshold)

3. (,
2536)
370
. 2542. . 128-145. : .

.
. 2544. . 13-18.
: .
. .
. 2536.
..15(1) : 20-36.
. 2541. .
121-144. : 2541
11. 3-6 2541. . .
. 2544.
Bactrocera correcta (Saunder) Oxyopes lineatipes(C.L.
Koch) (Araneae : Oxyopidae) . . . 23(4) : 241-252.
Gomez, K.A. and A.A Gomez. 1976. Statistical Procedures for Agricultural Research with
Emphasis on Rice. IRRI, Los Banos, Laguna, Philippines . 294 pp.
Levi, H.W. and L.R. Levi. 1986. Spiders and Their Kin. Golden Press. New York. 160 pp.
371
Table 1. Number of fruit flies (Bactrocera dorsalis) and (B. correcta) consumed per day by
different species of spider fauna.
Families/Species
Araneidae
Araneus ventricosus
Argiope catenulata
Cyclosa bifida
Eriovixia excelsa
Neoscona melloteei
Poltys illepidus
Zygiella nadleri
Clubionidae
Chiracanthium sp.
Clubiona kurilensis
Corinnidae
Castianeira sp.
Gnaphosidae
Scotophaeus sp.
Linyphiidae
Hylyphantes
graminicola
Lepthyphantes sp.
Lycosidae
Pardosa sp.
Oxyopidae
Oxyopes
lineatipes(female)
O. lineatipes (male)
Number of fruit flies consumed per day

B. dorsalis
B. correcta
XSD
%CV
XSD
%CV
0.950.46
1.270.4
0.950.07
1.30.5
0.10.01
0.90.04
0.540.23
48.42
31.50
7.37
38.46
10.0
4.44
42.59
1.30.33
0.70.66
25.38
94.28
1.00.1
0.80.4
10.0
50.0
0.50.1
20.0
0.40.1
25.0
0.40.1
25.0
0.60.1
16.67
0.640.3
46.9
1.150.2
17.39
1.190.57
47.9
1.00.4
40.0
0.80.1
12.5
0.60.1
16.67
7.30.54
7.4
3.170.32
10.09
6.30.68
10.79
2.770.24
8.66
372
Table 1. Contd.
Families/Species
Pholcidae
Spermophora senoculata
Pisauridae
Pisaura sp.
Salticidae
Carrhotus xanthogramma
Evarcha flavocincta
Hyllus diardi
Myrmarachne plataleoides
Phintella versicolor
P. vittata
Telamonia dimidiata
T. festiva
Tetragnathidae
Tetragnatha maxillosa
T. squamata
Theridiidae
Achaearanea angulithorax
Argyrodes fissifrons
Chrysso sp.
Coleosoma blandum
Theridion chikunii
Thomisidae
Misumenops sp.

B. dorsalis
B .correcta
XSD
%CV
XSD
%CV
0.90.13
14.44
1.00.2
1.30.5
20.0
38.46
1.00.1
1.00.3
10.0
30.0
0.90.1
11.11
1.040.41
0.80.1
39.42
12.5
0.60.1
16.67
0.40.1
25.0
1.480.36
6.50.1
0.70.35
0.770.46
1.00.1
0.70.1
0.750.64
24.32
1.54
50.0
59.74
10.0
14.29
85.33
0.90.6
66.67
0.20.1
1.30.3
0.50.2
0.70.3
50.0
23.07
40.0
42.86
0.60.2
33.33
1.10.1
9.09
0.80.4
50.0
373
Table 1. Contd.
Families/Species
Oxytate parallela
Runcinia acuminata
Xysticus sp.
Uroboridae
Philoponella sp.

B. dorsalis
B .correcta
XSD
%CV
XSD
%CV
0.80.2
25.0
0.60.4
66.67
0.90.2
22.22
0.70.1
14.28
0.780.32
41.02
0.50.1
20.0
Table 2. Predation on fruit fly (Bactrocera dorsalis) by one lynx spider (Oxyopes
lineatipes) in a plastic box in ten days. (Fed regularly)
Condition of
Sex
No. of prey
No. of
No. of prey No. of prey
spiders
given to a
repetitions
captured in captured by
spider per
10 days
one spider
day
per day
Young
One lynx spider
17
6
467
7.78
in a box and
16
6
463
7.72
fed
regularly
15
6
364
6.07
14
6
375
6.25
13
6
360
6.0
10
6
330
5.5
8
6
329
5.48
5
6
177
2.95
3
6
119
1.98
2
6
99
1.65
1
6
60
1.0
Female
17
6
452
7.53
16
6
460
7.67
374
Table 2. Contd.
Condition of
spiders
Sex
Male
No. of prey
given to a
spider per
day
15
14
13
10
8
5
3
2
1
17
16
15
14
13
10
8
5
3
2
1
No. of
repetitions
No. prey
captured in
10 day
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
377
388
408
379
342
206
140
109
60
389
392
308
310
309
316
267
157
102
81
59
No. of prey
captured by
one spider
per day
6.3
6.5
6.8
6.32
5.7
3.43
2.33
1.8
1.0
6.48
6.53
5.13
5.17
5.15
5.27
4.45
2.62
1.7
1.35
0.98
375
Table 3. Predation on fruit fly (Bactrocera dorsalis) by one lynx spider (Oxyopes
lineatipes) in a plastic box in ten days. (After 10 days fasting)
No. of
Condition of
Sex
No. of prey
spiders
given to a
repetitions captured in captured by
spider per day
10 days
one spider
per day
Young
One lynx spider
15
6
404
6.7
in a box and after
14
6
409
6.8
10 days fasting
13
6
377
6.28
10
6
343
5.71
8
6
341
5.7
5
6
181
3.02
3
6
126
2.1
2
6
106
1.77
1
6
60
1
Female
15
6
421
7.0
14
6
409
6.8
13
6
400
6.67
10
6
339
5.65
8
6
344
5.7
5
6
190
3.17
3
6
134
2.23
2
6
115
1.92
1
6
60
1
Male
15
6
377
5.78
14
6
353
5.9
13
6
323
5.38
10
6
298
4.97
8
6
298
4.97
5
6
167
2.78
3
6
95
1.58
376
Table 3. Contd.
Condition of
spiders
Sex
No. of prey
given to a
spider per
day
3
2
1
No. of
repetitions
No. prey
captured in
10 day
6
6
6
95
95
60
No. of prey
captured by
one spider
per day
1.58
1.58
1
377
Table 4. Predation on fruit fly (Bactrocera dorsalis) by two lynx spiders (Oxyopes
lineatipes) in a plastic box in ten days.
No. of
Condition of
Sex
No. of prey
repetitions
spiders
given to
spiders per
10 days
one spider
box per day
per day
Young
Two lynx
10
6
404
3.37
spiders
in a box and
5
6
253
2.11
fed
regularly
3
6
161
1.34
Female
10
6
404
3.37
5
6
267
2.22
3
6
168
1.4
Male
10
6
311
2.59
5
6
205
1.71
3
6
141
1.17
378
Table 5. Predation on fruit fly (Bactrocera dorsalis) by three lynx spiders (Oxyopes
No. of
Condition of
Sex
No. of prey
repetitions
spiders
given to
spiders per
10 days
one spider
box per day
per day
Young
Three lynx
10
6
449
2.49
spiders in a box
5
6
257
1.43
and
fed
3
6
171
0.95
regularly
Female
10
6
466
2.59
5
6
275
1.53
3
6
179
0.99
Male
10
6
375
2.08
5
6
223
1.24
3
6
165
0.92
379
Table 6. Predation on fruit fly (Bactrocera dorsalis) by two lynx spiders (Oxyopes
No. of
No. prey
No. of prey
Condition of
Sex
No. of prey
repetitions
spiders
given to a
spider per
10 day
one spider
day
per day
Young
Two lynx
10
6
397
3.3
spiders
in a box and
5
6
224
1.87
after
10 days fasting
3
6
144
1.2
Female
10
6
410
3.42
5
6
225
1.88
3
6
154
1.28
Male
10
6
354
2.95
5
6
193
1.61
3
6
135
1.12
380
Table 7. Predation on fruit fly (Bactrocera dorsalis) by three lynx spiders (Oxyopes
No. of
No. prey
No. of prey
Condition of
Sex
No. of prey
repetitions
spiders
given to a
spider per
10 day
one spider
day
per day
Young
Three lynx spiders
10
6
466
2.59
in a box and after
5
6
282
1.57
10 days fasting
3
6
180
1.0
Female
10
6
512
2.84
5
6
287
1.59
3
6
180
1.0
Male
10
6
422
2.34
5
6
240
1.33
3
6
174
0.97
No. of preys consumed/day
381
Bactrocera dorsalis
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Bactrocera correcta
10 11 12 13 14 15
Spider fauna No.
Fig. 1 Number of Bactrocera dorsalis or B. correcta consumed per day by different spider
fauna
1. Araneidae
2. Clubionidae
3. Corinnidae
4. Gnaphosidae
5. Linyphiidae
6. Lycosidae
7. Oxyopidae (Oxyopes lineatipes, female)
8. Oxyopidae (Oxyopes lineatipes, male)
9. Pisauridae
10. Pholcidae
11. Salticidae
12. Tetragnathidae
13. Theridiidae
14. Thomisidae
15. Uloboridae
382
100 NOV. 2005-AUG. 2006

90
80
70
(A)
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
A
100
% COMPOSITION OF SPIDERS
% COMPOSITION OF SPIDERS
ON UNDERGROWTH
NOV. 2006-SEPT. 2007
80
(B)
60
40
20
0
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
ON MANGO TREES
NOV. 2005-AUG. 2006
%COMPOSITION OF SPIDERS
%COMPOSITION OF SPIDERS
SPIDERS
(C)
SPIDERS
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
NOV. 2006- SEPT. 2007
(D)
Fig. 2 Percent composition of spiders caught by sweeping net on undergrowth (A) and
(B) and tapping on mango trees (C) and (D) at mango plantation in Pathum
Thani province during November 2005 - August 2006 and November 2006
September 2007.
A = Oxyopes lineatipes
B = Other species
383
Fig. 3 Fluctuation of Oxyopes lineatipes population on the undergrowth in mango

orchard.
No. captured
384
Young
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
1
10 13 14 15 16 17 18
No. captured
No. of prey
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Female
10 13 14 15 16 17 18
No. captured
No. of prey
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Male
10 13 14 15 16 17 18
No. of prey
Fig. 4 Relationship between the number of fruit fly (Bactrocera dorsalis) in a plastic box
and the number of fruit fly captured by one lynx spider (Oxyopes lineatipes) in one
day. The spider were reared after 10 days fasting ( ) or soon after collecting from
field ( ).
No. captured
385
Young
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
1
No.captured
No. of lynx spiders per box
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Female
No.captured
No.of lynx spiders per box
Male
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
1
Fig. 5 Relationship between the number of lynx spider (Oxyopes lineatipes) in a plastic box and the
number of fruit fly (Bactrocera dorsalis) captured by one lynx spider in one day. 3( ) 5( )
10( ) fruit flies given to spiders per box per day.
(Fed regularly)
No. captured
386
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Young
No.captured
No. of lynx spiders per box
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Female
No.captured
Male
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
1
Fig. 6 Relationship between the number of lynx spider (Oxyopes lineatipes) in a plastic box and
the number of fruit fly (Bactrocera dorsalis) captured by one lynx spider in one day. 3( )
5( ) 10( ) fruit flies given to spiders per box per day. (After ten days fasting)
387
70
A
B
% number of O. lineatipes
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Mar, 17 Mar, 31 Apr, 18 May, 16 May, 30 Jun, 20
Fig. 7 Percent number of Oxyopes lineatipes caught by sweeping net on undertrees (A) and waterwaysside areas (B) at untreated mango plantation in
Pathum Thani province during March, 17-June,20 2008.
70
A
B
% number of spiders
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Mar, 17 Mar, 31 Apr, 18 May, 16 May, 30 Jun, 20
Fig. 8 Percent number of total spiders caught by sweeping net on under-trees (A)
and waterways side areas (B) at untreated mango plantation in Pathum
Thani province during March 17-June 20 2008.
% number of O. lineatipes
388
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
A
B
May, 23
June, 13
% number of spiders
Fig. 9 Percent number of Oxyopes lineatipes caught by sweeping net on under-tree

growth (A) and waterways side areas (B) at pesticide treated orchard
mango plantation in Chachoeng-sao province during May, 23 - June,13
2008.
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
A
B
May, 23
June, 13
Fig. 10 Percent number of total spiders caught by sweeping net on under-tree (A)
and waterways side areas (B) at pesticide treated orchard mango
plantation in Chachoeng-Sao province during May, 23 - June,13 2008.
389
Study on the Efficacy of Plant Extracted and

Petroleum Oil for Inhibit the Oviposition of Fruit Fly in Mango

1% 1% 1%
( 1%W/V) ( 1%W/V) (0.19
5.03%) (SK 99 83.9%EC) 25% 2.5%
(Bactrocera dorsalis) 30
30x30x40 7
2548 - 2550
1%
5.03% 2.5% 1% 1%
1% 5.19% 5.03% (SK99 83.9%EC)
2.5%
2.5%
3
(SK99)

B. dorsalis
0.30, 1.00, 1.30, 2.00, 2.30 3.00
(1.50x1.50x1.80
) 500 / ( 400 + 100 )
07-01-49-02-03-02-02-49
390

- 2551

(2542) 2
Bactrocera dorsalis B. correcta

1.
2.
3. 83%EC 20-30 ./ 20 7 /
40%EC 40 ./ 20
4. 200 . +
-
- SK 99 83.9% 67%
- (, )
391
-
40x40x40
12x16x18
Bactrocera dorsalis
1
CRD 6
6-11
1. 1% (10 ./ 1 )
2. 1% (10 ./ 1 )
3. 1% (10 ./ 1 )
4. () 1%W/V (10 ./ 1 )
5. () 1%W/V (10 ./ 1 )
6. 5.0% 50 ppm (1 ./ 1 )
7. 5.19% 50 ppm (1 ./ 1 )
8. 5.03% 50 ppm (1 ./ 1 )
9. SK 99 83.9%EC 2.5% (30 ./ 1 )
10. 67% 2.5% (37.5 ./ 1 )
11.

1 6 1
40x40x40 1
Bactrocera dorsalis 30 2
12x16x8 1
28 + 2 60-80 %RH 7

2
RCB 4 6
1. 0.25% (3.75 ./ 1.5 )
2. 18.75 ./ 1.5
392
3. 0.25% (3.75 ./ 1.5 )
4. 57%EC 1.5 ./ 1.5
5.
6. control
60 1
control 5 - 6

7

2548 2551

1
2549 3 2
1 2 6 11
, , 1% ,
1%W/V , (3 ) 50 ppm, SK
99 83.9%EC 2.5%, 67%EC 2.5%

1% 7
1
1.00-18.00 / 2 0.00-9.33 / ( 1)
2 2 6 7
, 1%, (2 ) 50 ppm
SK 99 83.9%EC 25% 67%EC 2.5%

1.12-8.65 /
393

3.25-43.00 / ( 2)
3 2 6 6
, 1%, 50 ppm,
() 1%W/V, SK 99 83.9%EC
2
1%
32.25-55.25 / 2
22.25-79.75 / ( 3)
3 6 1%
Bactrocera dorsalis
1% 1%

1%
1% 40x40x40
6 1 Bactrocera dorsalis
30
30 6
1% 4.50 10.67 /
1%
0.00 0.33 / 0.67 1.50 /

( 4)
2550
3 1.80%, 0.90% 0.45%
1, 2 3%
2
4.75 37.00 /
394
2 1.58 12.08 /
47.83 /
21.42 53.75 / ( 5)
2 2549
B. dorsalis Tim
(1983)
(1.50x1.50x1.80 )
( 400 + 100 )

4 7 3
1% 1%

1 60.00
202.75 / 2 42.50 211.25 / 3
18.00 458.50 / ( 6)

2

methyl eugenol Bactrocera
dorsalis 25.21 - 64.71 // B. correcta 41.79 89.79 // 18.75 . 1.5
7.61
0.25 0.25
395
57%EC 1.5 . 20 21.28,
20.17 25.54

0.25%
6.32 / 100 ,
7.61, 5.18 6.22 / 100 control
1.53 / 100
B. dorsalis B. correcta 4.52 - 10.18 0.96 - 11.14
//
6.68, 4.25, 6.32 6.12 / 100
control 7.47 / 100 ( 7)

()

- 2551
B. dorsalis 7.79 - 15.39 // B. correcta
2.75 - 3.32 // 4.66 ()
control 5.49 ()
4.49 / 100 control 4.03 / 100
( 8)

30 (30X30X40 )
1%

500 /
396

. . 2542. . .
. . . 128-145.
Tim T.Y. Wang, Jon I. Nishimoto and N. Mochizuki. 1983. Infestation Patterns of
Mediterraneam Fruit Fly and the Oriental Fruit Fly (Diptera : Tephritidae) in the Kula
Area of Maui, Hawaii Environmental Entomology. 12 (4) : 1031 1039.
397
1 Bactrocera dorsalis
( 28 + 2 0C
60 - 80%RH 23 2549)
1%
1%
1%
() 1%W/V
() 1%W/V
5.0% 50 ppm
5.19% 50 ppm
5.03% 50 ppm
SK 99 83.9%EC (
2.5%)
67% 2.5%
CV (%)
1/
(/)
1
2
1.67 Ab 1/
14.33 c
0.00 a
3.50 abc
18.00 c
10.50 bc
6.67 abc
1.0 ab
3.17 abc
1.50 ab
5.00 abc
9.33
5.80
0.00
1.00
0.00
1.17
2.50
0.83
0.17
0.83
3.17
65.63
69.52
95% DMRT
398
( 28 + 2 0C 60 - 80%RH
20 2549)
1%
1%
(5.19%) 50 ppm
(5.03%) 50 ppm
SK 99 83.9%
67%
CV (%)
1/
(/)
3.25 ab1/
0.00
0.00
0.0 a
5.96
28.75 bc
8.65
43.00 c
1.12
27.50 bc
0.00
8.75 abc
7.67
28.00 bc
87.85
59.06
95% DMRT
( 28 + 2 0C
60 - 80%RH 7 2549)
1%
1%
50 ppm
1%W/V ()
SK 99 83.9%
CV (%)
1/
(/)
1
2
45.75 b1/
79.75 c1/
0.00 a
0.00 a
51.25 b
63.50 bc
55.25 b
22.25 ab
32.25 b
42.75 bc
46.75 b
46.75 bc
35.17
41.14
95% DMRT
399
4
( 28 + 2 0C
60 - 80%RH 14 2549)
(/)
0.30 .. 1.00 .. 1.30 .. 2.00 .. 2.30 .. 3.00 ..
1%
1%
CV (%)
1/
4.50 a1/
0.17 b
0.67 b
28.22
8.67 a1/
0.00 b
1.33 b
42.11
8.67 a1/
0.17 b
0.67 b
39.43
10.67 a1/
0.17 b
1.17 b
39.61
9.00 a1/
0.17 b
1.50 b
45.98
9.83 a1/
0.33 b
0.83 b
34.12
95% DMRT
(
28 + 2 0C 60 - 80%RH 20 2550)
1.80%
0.90%
0.45%
67% 1%
67% 2%
67% 3%
CV (%)
1/
(/)
1
2
9.58
1.58 a1/
17.83
8.58 a
4.75
12.08 a
31.42
53.75 b
21.75
36.75 ab
27.08
21.42 ab
37.00
47.83 b
78.38
67.96
95% DMRT
400
( 28 + 2 0C 60 - 80%RH
30 2550)
1% +
1% +
+
+
+
CV (%)
1/
(/)
1
2
3
60.00 ab1/
95.25 ab1/
211.25 b1/
194.75 b
458.50 c
202.75 b
69.75 b
113.75 b
211.25 b
42.50 ab
75.75 ab
111.00 ab
67.50 b
18.00 ab
67.25 ab
128.75 b
37.00 ab
81.75 ab
0.00 a
0.00 a
0.00 a
77.98
56.60
62.28
95% DMRT
401
7
( - 2551)
0.25%
18.75 ./1.5
0.25%
57%EC 1.5 ./1.5
control
CV (%)
1/
21.28 b1/
10.18 b1/
7.61 a
8.26 a
20.17 b
4.50 b
25.54 b
2.00 b
0
a
0
a
3.00 a
6.56 a
40.91
41.56

95% DMRT

- B. dorsalis 25.21 - 64.71 //
B. correcta 41.79 - 89.79 //
-
- 0.25%
6.32 /.. 100
- 18.75 ./1.5
7.61 /.. 100
- 0.25%
5.18 /.. 100
- 57%EC 1.5 ./
1.5 6.22 /.. 100
-
- control
1.53 /.. 100

- B. dorsalis 4.52 - 10.18 //
B. correcta 0.96 - 11.14 //
-
- 0.25%
6.68 /.. 100
- 18.75 ./1.5
4.25 /.. 100
- 0.25%
6.32 /.. 100
- 57%EC 1.5 ./
1.5 6.12 /.. 100
-
- control
7.47 /.. 100
402
8
( - 2551)
4.66 b1/
0 a
5.49 b
control
CV (%)
1/
44.10
95%
DMRT
-
B. dorsalis
7.79 - 15.39 //
B. correcta
2.75 - 3.32 //
-
- 0.25% 4.49 / 100
-
- control 4.03 / 100
403
404
Study on the Density and Seasonal Occurrence of Fruit Fly on Mango

2550 2551
Steiner trap 9
3,573
malathion 57%EC 2 : 1
2550 2551

Bactrocera dorsalis 1.09 15.29 //
2551
B. dorsalis 9.68 44.73 // 2551
3.48 6.84 //

07-01-49-02-03-02-03-51
405

(, 2544 )

2.0 5.0

100% (, 2544 )

Steiner trap
methyl eugenal
malathion (Malathion 57%EC)
25x20x10
20x30
406
-
-

3,573 Steiner trap 9 397
malathion 57%EC 2 : 1
1.5 2.0

Bactrocera dorsalis

B. dorsalis
100 ( Tim , 1983)
2550 2551

3,573 1,217
1,363
259 189 547
Steiner trap
9 3,573 397 ( 1 2)
2550 2551
Bactrocera dorsalis Bactrocera correcta 2550

B. dorsalis 1.09 15.29 //
B. correcta 0.05 2.56 //
407
2551
B. dorsalis 4.03 10.67 /
/ B. correcta 4.63 13.33 //
2551
B. dorsalis 9.68 44.73 /
/ B. correcta 11.29 21.23 //
2551 B. dorsalis
2551
10.48 18.48 // 2551
B. dorsalis 3.48 18.48 // (
1) 3
2
B. dorsalis 44.73 // 24 2551
B. correcta 21.23 // 31 2551

4
2551 B. dorsalis 10.48 18.48 /
/ 18.48 // 5 2551

2551

2551 3
100
25.80, 11.88 0.20 3
B. dorsalis, B. correcta B. carambolae B. dorsalis B. correcta
B. dorsalis 586
B. correcta 480 3
B. dorsalis 378
B. correcta 147 ( 2)
408
Bactrocera dorsalis
Bactrocera correcta B. dorsalis

B. dorsalis
B. dorsalis B. correcta
B. dorsalis B. correcta
B. dorsalis
60
. 2544 (). . . 13 18 .
. .
.
. 2544 (). . . 13 18 . .
. .
Tim T.Y. Wang, Jon I. Nishimoto and N. Mochizuki. 1983. Infestation Patterns of
Mediterraneam Fruit Fly and the Oriental Fruit Fly (Diptera : Tephritidae) in the
Kula Area of Maui, Hawaii Environmental Entomology. 12 (4) : 1031 1039.
409
1 Bactrocera dorsalis Bactrocera correcta
Steiner trap 2550
2551
15 .. 50
22 .. 50
29 .. 50
5 .. 50
12 .. 50
19 .. 50
16 .. 50
3 .. 50
11 .. 50
17 .. 50
25 .. 50
2 .. 51
7 .. 51
14 .. 51
21 .. 51
28 .. 51
4 .. 51
11 .. 51
18 .. 51
25 .. 51
3 .. 51
10 .. 51
17 .. 51
24 .. 51
31 .. 51
(//)
Bactrocera dorsalis
Bactrocera correcta
15.29
0.95
1.09
0.51
7.30
1.29
8.60
0.17
6.70
0.35
6.60
0.05
5.30
0.44
6.80
0.08
6.20
1.13
4.70
1.30
8.60
2.56
10.67
5.38
5.43
5.35
4.62
4.63
4.43
5.73
4.03
9.34
7.78
10.33
8.33
5.03
10.65
13.33
9.27
4.14
12.86
11.29
9.68
17.14
25.79
20.03
44.73
20.42
29.41
21.23
410
1 ()
7 .. 51
14 .. 51
21 .. 51
28 .. 51
5 .. 51
12 .. 51
19 .. 51
26 .. 51
2 .. 51
9 .. 51
16 .. 51
23 .. 51
7 .. 51
14 .. 51
21 .. 51
28 .. 51
4 .. 51
11 .. 51
18 .. 51
25 .. 51
1 .. 51
8 .. 51
15 .. 51
22 .. 51
(//)
Bactrocera dorsalis
Bactrocera correcta
15.16
16.43
16.53
14.57
18.48
15.12
10.48
11.97
6.84
5.95
4.79
4.95
6.08
3.48
4.51
4.92
15.09
16.43
16.53
14.57
18.48
15.13
10.48
11.96
-
411
2 / 100
2551
()
/100
B. dorsalis
B. correcta
B. carambolae
4,760
1,228
25.80
332
254
586
292
188
480
12
17
67
4,890
581
11.88
216
162
378
76
71
147
25
1,980
0.20
411
()
412
413
31 ..
24 ..
17 ..
10 ..
3 ..
25 ..
18 ..
11 ..
4 ..
28 ..
21 ..
14 ..
7 ..
2 ..
25 ..
25
17 ..
30
11 ..
3 ..
26 ..
19 ..
12 ..
5 ..
29 ..
22 ..
20
414
15 ..
//
414
50
45
40
35
Bactrocera dorsaril
Bactrocera correcta
15
10
3 2550 - 2551
4 .
22 .
15 ..
8 ..
1 ..
25 ..
18 ..
11 ..
4 ..
28 ..
21 ..
14 ..
7 ..
23 ..
16 ..
14
9 ..
2 ..
26 ..
19 ..
12 ..
5 ..
28 ..
21 ..
14 ..
10
415
7 ..
//
415
20
18
16
Bactrocera dorsaril
12
416
Efficacy of some insecticides on stem borer larvae in durian

2550 2551
1 RCB
4 1 5 imidacloprid (Confidor 10%SL),
imidacloprid / Beta cyfluthrin (Solomon 21% / 9% OD), fipronil (Assend 5%SC),
chlorantraniliprole (Dupont Prevathon 5%SC), Lambda cyhalothrin / thiametoxam (Efoliar
14.1% / 10.6% ZC) 30, 15, 30, 30 30 . 20
Lambda
cyhalothrin/thiametoxam (Efolia 14.1% / 10.6% ZC) imidacloprid/beta cyfluthrin
(Solomon 21%/9%) 100% clothianidin (Dentosu
16%SG) 80%
07-01-49-02
417

(Batocera rufomaculata De Geer)

2,733 12,127

418

5 imidacloprid / Beta cyfluthrin (Solomon
21% / 9% OD), imidacloprid (Confidor 10%SL), fipronil (Assend 5%SC),
chlorantraniliprole (Dupont Prevathon 5%SC), Lambda cyhalothrin /
thiametoxam (Efoliar 14.1% / 10.6% ZC)

2 1 RCB 4 1
6
1) imidacloprid 30 . 20
2) imidacloprid / Beta cyfluthrin 15 . 20
3) fipronil 30 . 20
4) chlorantraniliprole 30 . 20
5) lambda cyhalothrin / thiametoxam 30 . 20
6)

4 1 2 1
1

419
25450 2551

2550 2551
1 2 1
1
Lambda
cyhalothrin/thiametoxam (Efolia 14.1% / 10.6% ZC) imidacloprid/beta cyfluthrin
(Solomon 21%/9%) 100% clothianidin (Dentosu
16%SG)
80%
imidacloprid (Confidor 10% SL) 50%

. 2549.
. .
24 (1) : 40-51.
420
Study on Appropriate Control Method for Adult Durian Stem Borers

2550 2551

2 -3
2 Batocera rufomaculata Batocera numitor
3
07-01-49-02
421


2,733 12,127

( 2549)

422
10-15
1 . 1.5 X 1.5 .

2 1 RCB 7 1
4
1)
2)
3)

1.5 X 1.5 .
2 3 1

2550 2551

2550 2551
423

( 2549)

5 ( 1)
0-1, 1-2, 2-3, 3-4 4-5
6, 7, 15, 7 6
2 -3
(Batocera numitor ferruginea Thomson) 31 13 ( 2)
16 15
3 10
6
. 2549.
. .
24 (1) : 40-51.
424
1
( 2550 - 2550)
()
0-1
1-2
2-3
3-4
4-5
1
1
1
3
1
4
3
8
5
6
10
5
6
32
6
7
15
9
6
2
. . ( 2550 -
2550)
1
2
3
Batocera rufomaculata
Batocera numitor ferruginea
1
3
12
16
1
14
15
3
3
1
2
7
10
425
Study on using light traps to control adult durian stem borer

2550 2551

Black light
Black light
Batocera rufomaculata
07-01-49-02
426


2,733 12,127
427
10-15
Black Light
1.5 X 1.5 .
- (Timer)

black light fluorescent

()
19.00 05.00 . 10
catch index
(CI)
CI = x
(Banett , 1972)
x 100
2550 2551

2550 2551

Black light
( 2549)
428
Black light
Batocera rufomaculata 7 4 3
. 2549.
. .
24 (1) : 40-51.
429
1
Controlling Basal Stem Rot of Elaeis guineensis by Using Chitosan

20 20 10 15 20 25
Ganoderma spp.
15 180

Ganoderma sp. 1
3 Ganoderma sp.
2 4 5 6 7 Ganoderma sp.
45.42 25.83 16.79 33.60 29.34

(Elaeis guineensis Jacq.)

20
3

07-01-49-02-11-01-01-51
430

(basal stem rot) Ganoderma spp.

.. 2458 (Turner, 1981)
.. 2536
21-22
Ganoderma spp.

12

1-2
Ganoderma spp.

Ganoderma
spp.

(chitosan) acetyl
(chitin)
Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. radicis-lycopersici
(Benhamou and Theriault,1992)

Ganoderma spp.

431
1.
2. Water Agar (WA), Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA)
3.
4.
1.

1-1.5
Ganoderma selective media (Ariffin and Seman, 1992)
PDA
2.
2.1 Ganoderma sp.
inoculum
1.5 x 2.5 x 1
PDA 100
121 1
PDA
Ganoderma sp. 5 PDA 45
2.2
Randomized Complete Block Design (RCB) 7 4
1 +
2 +
3 + 10 20 20
4 + 10 20 20
5 + 15 20 20
432
6 + 20 20 20
7 + 25 20 20
Ganoderma sp. 8 inoculum
8
15
15 180

2551
2552

1.

2 PDA
(2535)
2
Potato Dextrose Yeast Agar Malt Agar
2.
Ganoderma sp. 180

0
1 65.63 7.67 2
77.67 8.13 3 72.79
7.67 4 80.00 7.92
433
5 84.00 8.08 6 83.43
7.92 7 83.81
8.00 ( 1)
Ganoderma sp. 1
3 Ganoderma sp.
2 4 5 6 7 Ganoderma
sp. 45.42 25.83 16.79 33.60 29.34
( 2)
180 (6 )

(2539) Ganoderma sp.
45
inoculum 10
4 50 7

Ganoderma sp.
50
(2539)
(cortex)
(stele)
60 80
434
1 Ganoderma sp. 180
(.)
65.63
7.67
77.66
8.13
+ 10
20 20
72.79
7.67
+ 10 80.00
20 20
7.92
+ 15 84.00
20 20
8.08
+ 20 83.43
20 20
7.92
+ 25 83.81
20 20
8.00
435
2 Ganoderma sp.
Ganoderma sp.
Rep.1
Rep.2
Rep.3
Rep.4
0
0
0
0
65.00
35.00
33.33
48.34
45.42
+
10 20 20
+ 10 25.00
20 20
40.00
28.33
10.00
25.83
+ 15 42.17
20 20
16.67
8.33
16.79
+ 20 67.67
20 20
23.33
23.40
20.00
33.60
+ 25 28.00
20 20
42.67
25.00
21.67
29.34
436

Ganoderma sp.

. 2539.
. 92 - 94
.
. 2536.
31 - 47
2536
Ariffin, D. and A. Seman. 1992. The Ganoderma Selective Media (GSM). PORIM
Information Series. November. 1992. 2 pp.
Benhamou, N. and G. Theriault, 1992. Treatment with chitosan enhances resistance of
tomato plants to crown and root pathogen, Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. radicislycopersici. Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology 41:31-52
Turner, P.D. 1981. Oil Palm Diseases and Disorders.Oxford University Press. 280 pp.
437
1
Phytophthora Diseases Management in Longan
2 3 2

metalaxyl
2550 2551
metalaxyl
metalaxyl
500 ppm. : = 1:5 .
. .
56 RCB 8
(Treatment) 7 (Replication)

Phytophthora mirabilis

5 (
metalaxyl 2 ) 5.63%
95% DMRT 1 2
3 4 6
7 8 1
23.13%
07-01-49-02 8.1.1

3
1
2
438
2 ()
23.00%

.. 2538

(2543)
Phytophthora capsici .. 2547 (2549)
10
1,800
P. mirabilis Galindo and Hohl
.. 2542-2543
(metalaxyl) 25% WP 20 30
20
10-15

Phytophthora

(, 2550) .. 2549-2550

metalaxyl . . .

439
3
(, 2550)

(Airless Condition)

metalaxyl
() Phytophthora spp. L.A. Barnes (2003)
Phytophthora spp. 20 isolates ()
metalaxyl 100 ppm. M.E. Matheron (1998)
metalaxyl P. parasitica

metalaxyl P. capsici blight (bell pepper) 1981
G.C.A. Bruin L.V. Edington 1985 L.A. Bower M.D. Coffey
1.
metalaxyl
sporangium Phytophthora
: = 1:10 1:20
1:40 metalaxyl 1,000 500 100 50 ppm
sporangium Phytophthora sp.
metalaxyl

440
2.

2550 2551
3.
3.1
RCB 8 7 1

T1
1 (control)
T2
2 (control)
T3
3 metalaxyl 1
T4
4 1
T5
5 metalaxyl 2
T6
6 2
T7
7 metalaxyl 1
1
T8
8 1
metalaxyl 1
3.2
3 5
1.)
1

1
2.) 1 3
1 ()
2 ()
3
( )
441
3.3
25% WP
20 20

1. ( 1 2)
2. 1 metalaxyl (3)
3. 1 ( 4)
4. 1 2 metalaxyl
2 ( 5)
5. 1 2 2 ( 6)
6. 1 metalaxyl 1
2 1 ( 7)
7. 1 1 2
metalaxyl 1 ( 8)
3.4
15-15-15 46-0-0 1:1 22.5 ./ 2 0-0-60 2.5
. /
15-1515 46-0-0 1:1 2-2.5 ./
4.
1.
metalaxyl
442
metalaxyl
metalaxyl

metalaxyl 1,000 500 ppm
sporangium
metalaxyl : = 1:5

metalaxyl metalaxyl
500 ppm : = 1:5
2.

.
. . .. 25462547 10 1,800

3.
3.1
RCB 8
7 1 56
3.2
1 7
5 35
3.3
metalaxyl
1. (2 ) 14
2. metalaxyl 1
1 (1 ) 7
443
3. 1 (1 ) 7
4. metalaxyl 1
1 metalaxyl 1
2 (1 ) 7
5. 1 1
1 2 (1 ) 7
6. metalaxyl 1 1
1 2 (1 ) 7
7. 1 1
metalaxyl 1 2 (1 ) 7
3.4

56
4.

..2550 5 (
metalaxyl 2 ) 5.63%
95% DMRT 1
2 3 4 6
7 8
7 ( metalaxyl 1 1 )
8 ( 1 metalaxyl 1 )
6 ( 2 ) 4 (
1 ) 3 ( metalaxyl 1
) 2 ( ) 1

7.19% 14.25% 16.56% 18.75% 19.88% 23.00% 23.13%
1 2 3 4 6
( 1)
444
1
..2550
metalaxyl
T1
T2
T3
T4
T5
T6
T7
T8
CV (%)
1
1 (%)
23.13 c
23.00 c
19.88 c
18.75 c
5.63 a
16.56 bc
7.19 ab
14.25 abc
60.70
95%
DMRT
T1
1 (control)
T2
2 (control)
T3
3 metalaxyl 1
T4
4 1
T5
5 metalaxyl 2
T6
6 2
T7
7 metalaxyl 1
1
T8
8 1
metalaxyl 1
445

metalaxyl
..2550
metalaxyl 2

metalaxyl
Phytophthora ..2543
20 20
( ,2543)

metalaxyl+mancozeb 8+64 WP 25 20
phosphoric acid 40% W/V AS 30 20
P. palmivora
P. colocasiae metalaxyl 25% WP 2-3 20
copper oxychloride 85% WP 80 20 7
P.
parasitica metalaxyl 35% DS 7 1 .
/ metalaxyl 25% WP 10-30 20
P. palmivora metalaxyl 25% WP 5060 1 fosetyl aluminum 80% WG 80-100 1
( .,
)

()
1 .
1 100 1
20
. ( )

446
Phytophthora

. 2543.
:
. 14-15 (1-2) : 46-58.
. ( ). .
1 ..
., . .
. 171 .
. (). . .
. 2550.
GAP.
/ /
GAP
GAP
26-28 .. 2550
6 5 .
. 2549. .
30 (10) : 90-95.
. 2550.
: .
2550 1 3/2551
. 429-438.
447
Barnes, L.A. 2003. Watch for Pythium & Phytophthora Problem. Available on:http: //
hortipm tamu.edu/publications/Phythium.html
Bower, L.A., and M.D. Coffey. 1985. Development of laboratory tolerance to phoshorus
acid, and fosetyl-Al, and metalaxyl in Phytophthora capsici. Can. J. Plant Pathol. 7:16.Bruin, G.C.A., and L.V. Edington. 1981. Adaptive resistance in Peronosporales to
metalaxyl. Can. J. Plant Pathol. 3:201-206.
Bruin, G.C.A., and L.V. Edington. 1981. Adaptive resistance in Peronosporales to
metalaxyl. Can. J. Plant Pathol. 3:201-206.
Matheron, M.E. 1998. Phytophthora parasitca resistance to metalaxyl evaluated in citrus.
Citrusnews 5(2). Available on:http://ag.arizona. edu/aes/citrusnews/Disease %20
management%20article%20pages/Disease%20 management% 204.htm#metalaxyl
448

Study on Fruit Fly Species Infestation and Theirs Natural Enemies in Rose
Apple

Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), B. correcta (Bezzi) B. carambolae Drew &
Hancock (primary pest)
B. dorsalis 100
30.73 B. correcta B. dorsalis
(primary pest)
23.10+1.27
91.07+0.25
8 2-3 1
1200-1300 87% 42-72 48.96+10.88
3 6-8 6.07+0.30 9-10 9.21+0.41
79-120 95.03+11.87 86-132
97.50+9.31 B. dorsalis 16.75-20.75
17.80+1.34
(Life table) 1
31.03 2 91.67
07-01-49-02-12-01-01-51
449

38
7-21
28, 35 42
30, 90 100
(fruit boring caterpillar, Meridarchis sp.) 21
2 Diachasmimorpha longicaudata
(Ashmead) Forpius arisanus (Sonan)

100%

Pholboon and Cantelo (1975) Dacus dorsalis

(2542, 2544) Bactrocera dorsalis
(Hendel) Bactrocera correcta (Bezzi)
B. dorsalis, B. correcta, Bactrocera
carambolae Drew & Hancock Bactrocera papayae Drew & Hancock
( 2529)

450
1.
1.1
//

22x29x10 1
10 20
8
5
0.35x0.35x0.50 (Brewers yeast
1:4) 7-10
(freezer) 4-5
1.2
50 19x30x20
5 1
22x29x10 1
10
20
8 5
22x29x10

2. B. dorsalis

B. dorsalis
1 (F1)
2.1 B. dorsalis

Hatching Rate
91
451
9
6 5 100

100

100

B. dorsalis 1 1
21x15x8
2.5 4.5
20 100%
1:2 5

10
2.2 (Life table) B. dorsalis
1x1x1 0.5x0.5
B. dorsalis 20
5 parafilm
Southwood (1966)
3. B. dorsalis
3.1 B. dorsalis
Steiner methyl eugenal
malathion ( 83% EC) 4:1 8 1
1-1.5

3.2

452
3.3 B. dorsalis

2550 2553

1.
1.1
10
3 B. dorsalis, B. correcta B.
carambolae 2 B. dorsalis
B. correcta ( 1)
1.2

23.10+1.27 91.07+0.25
B. dorsalis (primary pest)
100 30.73 B. correcta
100 24.61 ( 2) , 2549
B. correcta
B. dorsalis
2. B. dorsalis
2.1 B. dorsalis .. 2551

23.10+1.27 91.07+0.25
B. dorsalis
4
453
2-3
2.0-5.0
0.21+0.02 1.27+0.07
42-72 87% ( 3 4)

0.25+0.03 1.07+0.14
3 1.67+0.14 7.63+0.64
30
6-8
63.22% ( 3 4)

2.0-5.0
2.18+0.09 4.71+0.17 9-10
82.61% ( 3 4)

8
1200-1300
40 / 1:1.36
1.47+0.13 0.93+0.12
79-120 95.03+11.87
1.42+0.19 0.82+0.07 86-132
97.50+9.31 ( 3)
B. dorsalis
() 16.75-20.75 17.80+1.34
38 % ( 3 4)
2.2 (Life table) B. dorsalis

454
23.10+1.27
91.07+0.25
Southwood (1966)
Lx
Lx = lx + lx+1 x
2
lx x
qx
dx x
qx = dx/ lx
Sx
Sx = 100-100qx 100qx = 100 x qx
ex
Tx = Lx+Lx+1++Lx+n
ex = Tx/ lx
1 31.03
, 3, 2 17.39, 16.36, 13.00
8.33 ( 4)
Bactrocera correcta (Bezzi) 1
33.99 , 3,
2 13.86, 8.87, 8.20 3.30 (, 2549)
1
3. B. dorsalis
3.1
.. 2551 2
7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42
10 7-21
28, 35 42
30, 90 100 ( 5) (fruit boring
caterpillar, Meridarchis sp.) (, 2542)
21 (
5)
14 2

3.2 B. dorsalis
455
2
Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Ashmead) Forpius arisanus (Sonan)
5
4 1
2.22% ( 1)
456
%

%
B.
B.
B.
dorsalis correct carambola

a
e
1
96
1208
100
3.97
96.03
0
0
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
36
43
29
12
8
3
12
18
30
457
771
339
230
50
36
10
40
183
90.37
86.90
95.87
86.96
88.00
69.44
90.00
92.50
97.27
61.11
43.63
60.00
78.60
0
60.00
33.33
59.46
13.48
33.80
45.26
37.01
10.70
97.78
40.00
66.67
40.54
86.56
0.69
1.90
0
3.72
0
0
0
0
0
4.40
9.21
2.99
6.98
2.22
0
0
0
0
2
100 Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel)
Bactrocera correcta (Bezzi)
Bactrocera dorsalis
(Hendel)
Bactrocera correcta
(Bezzi)

/
/
()
()
()
100
5
358
110
22
30.73
260
64
21.33
24.61
457
23.10+1.27
91.07+0.25
()
1/
=
1/
(/)
100
100
100
42 - 72 (.)
68
9 - 10
+
()
48.96 + 10.88 (.)
6.07 + 0.30
9.21 + 0.41
10
10
79 - 120
86 - 132
95.03 + 11.87
97.50 + 9.31
16.75 20.75
17.80 + 1.34
()
Lx
dx
100qx
Sx
ex
lx
(x)
100
93.50
13
13.00
87.00
3.17
1
87
73.50
27
31.03
68.97
2.57
2
60
57.50
5
8.33
91.67
2.50
3
55
50.50
9
16.36
83.64
1.68
46
42.00
8
17.39
82.61
0.91
38
x =
lx = x
Lx = dx = x
100qx = Sx =
ex =
458
5

()
()
()
1.27+0.14
2.02+0.09
1.79+0.31
14
1.77+0.19
2.67+0.31
3.75+1.22
21
2.92+0.28
4.82+0.42
17.66+4.09
50
28
3.65+0.48
5.81+0.40
32.36+8.18
80
30
35
4.33+0.48
7.09+0.36 59.44+14.63
80
90
42
4.50+0.34
7.87+0.52 69.83+19.44
100
100

B. dorsalis, B. correcta B. carambole
(primary pest) B. dorsalis
100 30.73 B. correcta B.
dorsalis (primary pest)

8 2-3 1 12001300 87% 42-72 48.96+10.88 3
6-8 6.07+0.30 9-10 9.21+0.41
79-120 95.03+11.87 86-132
97.50+9.31 () 17.80+1.34
(Life table) 1
31.03 2 91.67
459

38.00

7-21
21 (fruit boring caterpillar, Meridarchis sp.)
2 D. longicaudata
F. arisanus
. 2542. , 104-116. .
.
.
. 2544. , 117-132.
. . .
, . 2549.
Bactrocera correcta (Bezzi). 1 (1) : 55-63.
. 2529.
4 1 - 2529. 1-15.
Drew, R.A.I. and Lloyd A.C. 1989. Biology and Physiology nutrition; bacteria associated
with fruit flies and their host plants, In : Robinson, A.S. & Hooper, G.(eds). Fruit
flies; their biology, natural enemies and control. World Crop Pests, 3(A), 131-140.
Pholboon P. and W. Cantelo. 1965. Host List of the Insects of Thailand. Department of
Agriculture, Royal Thai Government and the United States Operations Mission to
Thailand. 149 pp.
Southwood, T.R.E. 1966. Ecological Methods with Particular Reference to the Study of
Insect Population. London. 361 pp.
460
Study on the Impact of Insecticide on the Natural Enemies in Sweet Corn

3 (Proreus simulans
Stallen) Trichogramma confusum Viggiani
2 5 fipronil 5%SC
20 40 20 carbaryl 85%WP 40 80 20

T. confusum fipronil
5%SC 20 20
T. confusum carbaryl 85%WP 40
20
T. confusum

(, 2544)

07-01-49-03-01-01-01-49
461
(,
2544; , 2546) Trichogramma
(Ostrinia furnacalis Guenee)
(Helicoverpa armigera Hubner)
Trichogramma 70-80%
2523 ( , 2523) 2543-2545 65.571.7% ( , 2545)

(, 2540)
Trichogramma
parathion
(Bull and House, 1983)
thiodicarb cyholothrin 8
cyhalothrin
47% thiodicarb
Trichogramma
90% 5 (Kring and Smith, 1995)
Trichogramma

1 1

(Bug and Bug, 2005 online resource)
Trichogramma endosulfan monocrotophos
( , 2532)
2
fipronil 5%SC carbaryl 85%WP 3
Trichogramma confusum

462

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
Trichogramm sp.
(Proreus simulans Stallen)

fipronil (Ascend 5%SC) carbaryl (Sevin 85WP 85%WP)
2
1
1 4
1.1
CRD 7 5
1 fipronil 5%EC 20 20
2 fipronil 5%EC 40 20
3 carbaryl 85 WP 40 20
5
463

1
1 40
6 3
24
1.2
Factorial in CRD 7 1
5 1.1 2
5 0 (), 1, 3, 7
14 1 x 1
0, 1, 3,
7 14
4 4
1 24

7
1.2.1 3 1
1.2.2 5 10
14
1.3
5 1.1 2 T. confusum 7 T.
confusum 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 7 1-7
T. confusum
4 x 18 100 T.
confusum

24
464
1.4 Trichogramma
confusum
5 1.1 2 5
0, 1, 3, 7 14
4 x 18
0, 1, 3, 7 14 T.
confusum 1 T. confusum
6 100

T. confusum T. confusum
24

2 3
2 1.5 6.75 x 10
(9 41 ) 2
metalaxyl ( 35 SD) 7 / 1
75 25 12 /
7 1 1 46-0-0 15
2 16-20-0 45 50 ./
2
30 50
2.1
RCB 4 5
1 fipronil 5%SC 20 20
2 fipronil 5%SC 40 20
465
5

1, 3, 7 14
20 4
2.2 T. confusum
Split plot design 4
5 2.1 T. confusum 6 T.
confusum 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 6 1
Trichogramma 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
6 100
6

2.3 T. confusum
Split plot design 4
5 2.1 3 1, 3
7 1 T. confusum
6
1
1, 3, 7 T. confusum
1

T. confusum

466

2549 2551

.
1.1

24 100%
2 carbaryl
(Anonymous, 2005)
1.2
1.2.1 0, 1, 3, 7 14
fipronil 100%
2 0-14 carbaryl
66.67-78.57% 0 9.52-23.81% 14
(Table 1)
1.2.2 5 14
fipronil 100% 2 3
94.29% 4
5 2.86% (Table 2)
1.3 T. confusum

1-7
24
1 3 fipronil carbaryl
52.03-79.64 73.44-92.79% 68.65
467
84.26% 5 (Table 3A) carbaryl
fipronil Tabel 3B
1 3 3-7 1-2
55.85 92.79% 52.03-79.32% 2 4

2, 3, 5, 6
7 1 4
1 4 carbaryl 80 20
3 3
(Table 4A)
2-3 87.90 83.45

1
(Table 4B)
1.4 Trichogramma confusum
Trichogramma
confusum
Table 5 24 0-7
fipronil carbaryl 1
78.18-98.00 89.08 99.77% 14 carbaryl 3 4
77.43 81.12%
fipronil 1 2 53.91 54.75%
5

1 fipronil 7 78.18%
0-3 14 0-7 3
carbaryl 0-7 89.18 - 99.77% 14
468
77.44% 0-7 14
0-7 4 7
(Table 5)
Table 5 0-3

fipronil
carbaryl 7 fipronil
carbaryl
7
14

fipronil
0-0.14
carbaryl 1-6 0-0.86
15.71116.00 (Table 5)

3 4
1
1
2.1
2550
24 1, 3, 7 14

24 1 400
469
29 ( 1) 0.38-0.60
30 50
1
0.35-1.45 (Table 6A) Table 6B
1 3
fipronil 5%SC
100% carbaryl 85%WP 1
3 93.75-100%
7 14 fipronil 5%SC
44.69-82.41% carbaryl 85%WP
6.25-25.00% carbaryl 85%WP
fipronil 5%SC 20 20
7
carbaryl 85%WP 40 20 7
4 25.00%
21 2
0.39-0.55 (Table 6A)
2
0.18-1.43 0.55-7.38

(Table
6A) 1
fipronil 5%SC 93.75 100%
carbaryl 85%WP 71.43 90.91%
7 1 fipronil 5%SC
11.11%
14 0.00-1.39%

carbaryl 85%WP
40 20 7
fipronil 5%SC
470
14 7 2 fipronil
5%SC
100% 1
2551 21 1, 3, 7
14 2 34 48

Menochilus sexmaculatus
fipronil 5%SC carbaryl 85%WP
(slightly harmful) 1 3 (Table 7)
2.2 T. confusum
Table 8A

92.53-98.88% 95.90%
(Table 3) fipronil 5%SC 20 40
20 49.95-68.10% 44.48-70.79%
59.05% 59.61% carbaryl 85%WP 40 80
20 31.77-76.97% 28.50-60.72%
62.42% 51.32%
5.24-6.60 15.45-21.97%
fipronil 5%SC carbaryl 85%WP 4
carbaryl 85%WP 80 20
51.32% 5
42.66%
1, 3 4
2551 3-6
1 6
(Table 8B )
2.3 T. confusum
471
2550 1
1, 3 7
Table 9A 1
T.confusum
29.27% fipronil 5%SC
carbaryl 85%WP 2 3 carbaryl 85%WP 40
20 3.31% fipronil 5%SC
4 carbaryl 85%WP 80 20 0.98%
fipronil 5%SC 3 4
2
1.78-16.78%
33.16% (Table 9A) 7
2551 1 Table 9B
1, 2 4 3.45, 3.10 1.52
13.79% 7 0.22% 1
14 2
2,048.00-2,344.00 /
fipronil 5%SC 20 20
(harmful) carbaryl 85%WP 40 20
(moderately harmful)
IOBC (Hassan, 1994)
(harmless) < 30 %
(slightly harmful) 30 79 %
(moderately harmful) 80 99 %
(harmful) > 99 %
472
fipronil 5%SC carbaryl 85%WP
carbaryl 85%WP Trichogramma fipronil 5%SC

2 fipronil 5%SC carbaryl 85%WP

Trichogramma confusum fipronil 5%SC 20 20
carbaryl 85%WP
40 20
1.
fipronil 5%SC
2.
- 7
- carbaryl 7 21
fipronil 5%SC
. 2547.
2547.
473
.
. . 284 .
. 2546.
.
114 123. : 2546.
.
. 2544. . 284302. : 4. 2931 2544 .
. 2540. .
..2540
. 37 .

. 2523. .
262-273. : 2. 24-27
2523.
.
Anonymous. 2005. Iowa insect information notes Earwigs. Iowa State University of
Science and Technology. http://www.ipm.iastate.edu/ipm/iiin/earwis.html (retrieved
on 4 April 2007)
Bug and Bug. 2005. Chemical and Trichogramma. http://www.bioresources.com.
au/Pretiosum/PretiosumChemicals.htm (retrieved on 7 October 2007)
Bull, D.L. and V.S. House. 1983. Effects of different insecticides on parasitism of host
eggs by Trichogramma pretiosum Riley. Southwestern Entomol. 8:46-53.
Hassan, S.A. 1994. Activities of the IOBC/WPRS Working Group Pesticides and
Beneficial Organisms. In: Pesticides and Beneficial Organisms. (ed., Vogt H.).
IOBC/WPRS Bulletin. 17: 1-5.
Kring, T.J. and T.B. Smith. 1995. Trichogramma pretiosum efficiency in cotton under Btinsecticide combinations. 856-857. In Proc. Beltwide Cotton Prod. Res. Conf.
National Cotton Council, Memphis, Tennessee.
474
Table 1 Mortality percentage of earwigs male, female and the average checked after
feeding food treated with insecticides at different intervals in laboratory
Treatments2/
0 DAT
T1
100.00 c
T2
100.00 c
T3
66.67 b
T4
78.57 b
T5
0.00 a
CV(%)
25.48
1/
2/
1 DAT
100.00 c
100.00 c
50.00 b
59.52 c
0.00 a
16.82
Earwig mortality (%)1/

3 DAT
7 DAT
100.00 d
100.00 c
100.00 d
100.00 c
50.00 b
57.14 b
64.28 c
61.90 b
0.00 a
0.00 a
27.75
29.06
14 DAT
100.00 d
100.00 d
9.52 b
23.81 c
0.00 a
22.04
In a column, means followed by a common letter are not significantly different at the 5% level by DMRT
T1 = fipronil rate 20 ml / 20 l of water T2 = fipronil rate 40 ml / 20 l of water
T3 = carbaryl rate 40 ml / 20 l of water T4 = carbaryl rate 80 ml / 20 l of water
T5 = water
Table 2 Mortality of earwig nymphs fed on food treated with insecticides after 14-day
interval, checked after 24 hours, in the laboratory
Treatments
T1 = fipronil rate 20 ml/20 l of water
T2 = fipronil rate 40 ml/20 l of water
T3 = carbaryl rate 40 ml/20 l of water
T4 = carbaryl rate 80 ml/20 l of water
T5 = water
1/
Mortality (%)
100.00 c1/
100.00 c
94.29 b
98.57 c
2.86 a
475
Table 3 Mortality of Trichogramma adults at different ages after put in rice moth eggs
treated with insecticides after 24 hours emergence in the laboratory
(A)
Mortality of Trichogramma (%) 1/
1 day
2 days 3 days 4 days 5 days 6 days 7 days mean
T1 62.20 b 52.03 b 72.44 b 79.64 b 79.40 b 55.85 b 78.98 b 68.65 b
T2 76.30 c 77.37 c 85.59 bc 84.97 b 87.44 b 87.12 c 87.95 bc 83.82 c
T3 73.44 bc 79.32 c 81.94 bc 83.76 b 83.76 b 89.18 c 92.79 bc 84.26 c
T4 89.51 d 94.91 d 89.10 c 90.34 b 92.95 b 93.51 c 93.54 c 91.98 d
T5 0.70 a 0.35 a 0.27 a 1.01 a 1.00 a 1.47 a 1.79 a 0.94 a
mean 60.43 60.80 65.87 67.94 70.03 65.43 71.01
1/
In a column, means followed by a common letter are not significantly different at the
5% level by DMRT
(B)
Age
(days)
Mortality of Trichogramma (%)

T1
T2
T3
T4
T5
D-MEAN
1
62.20 bc 76.30
73.44 a
89.51 0.70
60.43
2
52.03 a
77.38
79.32 ab
94.91 0.35
60.80
3
72.44 cd 85.59
81.94 abc 89.10 0.27
65.87
4
79.64 d
84.97
83.76 abc 90.34 1.01
67.94
5
79.40 d
87.44
89.37 bc
92.95 1.00
70.03
6
55.85 ab 87.12
89.18 bc
93.51 1.47
65.43
7
78.98 d
87.95
92.79 c
93.54 1.79
71.01
T-MEAN 68.65
83.82
84.26
91.98 0.94
65.93
1/
5% level by DMRT
476
Table 4 Number of Trichogramma adults at different ages emerged from different
treatments in the laboratory
(A)
Treatment
No. of Trichogramma (adults) 1/
1 day
2 days 3 days 4 days 5 days 6 days 7 days mean
T1
24.75 a
83.25 71.88 63.88 bc 66.00 45.25 47.38 57.48 ab
T2
25.88 a
83.88 96.13 76.00 abc 68.13 44.88 43.38 62.61 ab
T3
23.63 ab 89.88 83.75 64.75 c
57.00 53.13 39.50 58.80 b
T4
12.38 b 94.50 79.63 78.63 ab 53.13 50.75 48.38 59.63 ab
T5
33.75 a
88.00 85.88 91.25 a
53.50 61.13 47.63 65.88 a
mean 24.08
87.90 83.45 74.90
59.55 51.03 45.25 60.88
1/
5% level by DMRT
(B)
Age
(Days)
1D
2D
3D
4D
5D
6D
7D
1/
No. of Trichogramma (adults) 1/

T1
T2
T3
T4
24.75 c 25.88 d 23.63 c 12.38 c
83.25 a 83.88 ab 89.88 a 94.50 a
71.88 a 96.13 a 83.75 a 79.63 a
63.88 ab 76.00 ab 64.75 b 78.63 a
66.00 ab 68.13 b 57.00 b 53.13 b
45.25 b 44.88 c 53.13 b 50.75 b
47.38 b 43.38 c 39.50 b 48.38 b
T5
33.75 c
88.00 a
85.88 a
91.25 a
53.50 b
61.13 b
47.63 bc
D-MEAN
24.08 e
87.90 a
83.45 a
74.90 b
59.55 c
51.03 cd
45.25 d
T-MEAN 57.48
62.61
58.80
59.63
65.88
60.88
5% level by DMRT
477
Table 5 Impact of insecticide on Trichogramma sp. tested on rice moth eggs treated with
insecticides at different intervals in the laboratory
Treatment1/
After 0 days
T1
T2
T3
T4
T5
After 1 day
T1
T2
T3
T4
T5
After 3 days
T1
T2
T3
T4
T5
After 7 days
T1
T2
T3
T4
T5
After 14 days
T1
T2
T3
T4
T5
1/
2/
Mortality % parasitization
after 24 hrs.(%)
(%)
no. of holes no. of adults % female

F1 (eggs)
F1 (adults)
(%)
96.99 b 2/
98.00 b
99.77 b
99.64 b
53.37 a
50.18 b
49.33 b
17.54 c
15.39 c
69.10 a
0.14 d
0.00 d
7.14 b
3.00 c
91.17 a
0.00
0.28
0.00
100.29
50.00
39.15
89.53 b
92.83 b
94.97 b
95.95 b
50.19 a
59.07 b
56.38 b
26.72 c
21.60 c
83.04 a
0.00 c
0.00 c
9.14 b
7.14 b
111.00 a
0.86
0.43
116.00
16.67
33.33
41.26
89.59 b
93.55 b
97.12 b
98.27 b
53.35 a
44.04 b
44.81 b
5.55 c
4.88 c
59.80 a
0.00 c
0.14 c
2.57 b
2.14 b
74.29 a
0.00
0.14
0.14
85.71
0.00
0.00
40.49
78.18 b
83.66 b
89.18 b
89.08 b
51.18 a
6.21 a
9.12 a
2.88 b
2.10 b
12.58 a
0.00 b
0.00 b
1.29 b
1.14 b
74.29 a
0.00
0.14
15.71
100.00
58.86
53.91 a
54.75 a
77.43 b
81.12 b
49.01 a
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
T1 = fipronil 5%SC rate 20 ml / 20 l of water

T2 = fipronil 5%SC rate 40 ml / 20 l of water
T3 = carbaryl 85%WP rate 40 ml / 20 l of water
T4 = carbaryl 85%WP rate 80 ml / 20 l of water
T5 = water
In a column, means followed by a common letter are not significantly different at the 5% level by
DMRT
478
Table 6 Impact of insecticide on earwig in sweet corn planted after first and second
spraying with insecticides at 30 and 50 days after germination, Nakhon
Ratchasima, May July 2007
(A) No. of earwig
Treatments
Before
T1
0.44
T2
0.60
T3
0.38
T4
0.54
T5
0.48
st
1 spraying
1 DAT1/ 3 DAT
0.65 ab2/ 0.94 a
0.64 ab 0.63 ab
0.35 b 0.35 b
0.54 ab 0.63 ab
0.78 a 0.81 a
No. of earwig (individuals/plant)

2nd spraying
7 DAT 14 DAT Before
1DAT 7 DAT
0.84 b 0.48
0.48
0.29 b 0.59 b
1.45 a 0.79
0.39
0.20 b 0.21 b
0.93 b 0.44
0.63
0.18 b 0.39 b
0.78 b 0.43
0.44
0.19 b 0.41 b
0.93 b 0.56
0.55
0.64 a 3.15 a
14 DAT
0.86 b
0.70 b
1.43 b
1.16 b
7.38 a
(B) Mortality of earwig

Treatments
Before
T1 0.00
T2 0.00
T3 0.00
T4 0.00
T5 0.00
1/
2/
st
1 spraying
1/
1 DAT
3 DAT
100.00 c2/ 100.00 b
100.00 c 100.00 b
71.59 b
93.75 b
94.24 b 100.00 b
1.09 a
17.39 a
Mortality of earwig (%)

7 DAT 14 DAT
59.91 c 44.69 b
82.41 c 78.76 b
19.48 ab 6.47 a
25.00 b 6.25 a
0.00 a 8.33 a
Before
2.27
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
2nd spraying
1DAT 7 DAT
93.75 c 11.11
100.00 c 0.00
71.43 b 5.56
90.91 b 0.00
0.00 a 0.47
14 DAT
b 0.60
a 1.19
ab 0.00
a 1.39
a 0.29
DAT = days after treatment

479
Table 7 Mortality of ladybeetle found on sweet corn planted after first and second
spraying with insecticides at 34 and 48 days after germination, Nakhon
Ratchasima, Jan April 2008
Mortality of ladybeetle (%)
st
Treatments
1 spraying
2nd spraying
1 DAT
3DAT 7 DAT 14 DAT
Before 1 DAT1/ 3 DAT 7 DAT 14 DAT
0.00
1.79
0.96 a
1.29
0.56
T1
0.00 0.00 a2/ 8.33 a 8.33
T2
0.00 0.00 a 0.00 a 25.00
0.00
6.23
0.00 a
2.48
0.00
T3
0.00 25.00 ab100.00 b 0.00
0.00
11.80 24.37 b
4.30
0.00
T4
0.00 31.25 b 8.33 a 10.00
0.04
10.77 45.74 c
1.14
0.00
T5
0.00 0.00 a 0.00 a 0.00
0.00
4.17
0.00 a
3.51
0.68
1/
2/

480
Table 8 Emergence percentage of Trichogramma confusum adults at different ages
after insecticide spraying in sweet corn field, Nakhon Ratchasima
(A) MayJuly 2007
Emergence (%)1/, 2/
3 days
4 days 5 days
Treatments
1 day
2 days
T1
T2
T3
T4
T5
59.35 c AB
59.80 c A
76.97 b A
56.25 c A
95.86 a A
61.02 b AB
60.83 b A
71.30 b A
60.72 b A
97.25 a A
56.83 bc
44.48 c
71.82 b
57.73 bc
98.88 a
AB
B
A
A
A
59.05 b AB
61.42 b A
55.27 b B
50.09 b A
92.53 a A
49.95 b B
60.42 b A
31.77 c C
28.50 c B
93.97 a A
59.82 b BC
52.69 b A
63.90 b A
60.36 b A
94.16 a A
88.88 a A
52.93 c
56.22 bc
67.79 b
50.38 c
86.09 a
91.36 a
Mean
6 days
68.10 bc
70.69 b
67.41 bc
54.66 c
96.88 a
A
A
AB
A
A
59.05
59.61
62.42
51.32
95.90
68.83 bc
60.71 cd
55.43 d
52.21 d
76.63 ab
88.19 a
AB
A
A
A
B
A
57.82
53.73
55.11
49.57
73.07
90.63
(B) Jan-April 2008

T1
T2
T3
T4
T5
T53/
1/
2/
3/
73.24 b A
47.30 c A
42.53 c B
46.62 c A
48.80 c C
96.26 a A
33.68 bc
46.87 b
37.98 bc
32.31 c
45.03 bc
92.27 a
D
A
B
B
C
A
58.41 b BC
58.58 b A
63.02 b A
55.56 b A
87.68 a AB
86.84 a A
C
A
A
A
AB
A
Means within a column followed by a lowercase letter are not significantly different at the 5% level by DMRT
Means within a row followed by a capital letter are not significantly different at the 5% level by DMRT
Observation was conducted in the laboratory
481
Table 9 Impact of insecticides on the parasitization of Trichogramma sp. after
insecticide spraying in the sweet corn field, Nakhon Ratchasima
(A) MayJuly 2007
Treatment
T1
T2
T3
T4
T5
D-Mean
1 DAT1/
14.90
12.85
3.31
0.98
29.27
12.26
ab3/
ab
bc
c
a
Parasitization (%)
3 DAT
T-Mean
18.67 a
18.09 a
18.00 a
2.58 b
37.05 a
18.87
16.78 b
15.47 b
10.65 b
1.78 c
33.16 a
15.57
Difference2/
-3.77 ns
-5.23 ns
-14.69 **
-1.60 ns
-7.78 ns
-6.61 *
(B) Jan-April 2008

Parasitization (%)
1st spraying
D1 D7
D14
T-Mean D1
T1
3.45 b 0.00 a 2.69 ab 2.05 b
9.72
T2
3.10 b 0.39 a 3.06 ab 2.18 b
7.43
T3
8.54 ab 0.68 a 2.84 ab 4.02 ab 2.84
T4
1.52 b 0.01 a 0.00 b 0.51 b
0.00
T5
13.79 a A 0.01 a B 7.75 a A 7.18 a
6.80
D-Mean 6.08 A 0.22 B 3.27 A 3.19
5.36
Treatment
1/
2/
3/
2nd spraying
D3 T-MeanDifference
5.62 7.67 4.10 ns
0.00 3.72 7.43 ns
0.00 1.42 2.84 ns
6.55 3.28 -6.55 ns
1.43 4.11 5.37 ns
2.72 4.04 2.64 ns

** = significant at 1% level, * = significant at 5% level ns = not significant
In a column, means followed by a common letter are not significantly different at the 5%
level by DMRT
482
Studies on Toxicity of Insecticides

on Lynx Spider Oxyopes lineatipes (C.L Koch) in Mango Orchard

4 carbaryl 85% WP
60 ./ 20 , imidaclorprid 10% SL 40 cc./ 20 ,
lambdacyhalothrin 2.5% EC 40 cc./ 20 , abamectin 1.8% EC 10 cc./
20 Oxyopes lineatipes (C.L Koch)
24 48 72 96 lamdacyhalothrin
% abamectin, carbaryl imidachorprid

Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood Idioscopus clypealis (Lethierry), I.
niveosparsus (Lethierry) Amrasca splendens Ghauri
Noorda albizonalis Hampton Dasyneura mangiferae Felt
Hypomeces squamosus Fabricius Deporaus marginatus
(Pascoe) Bactrocera dorsalis Hendel Coccus
hesperidium L. Ceroplastes sp. Dysmicoccus neobrevipes
(Beardsley), Ferrisia virgata (Cockerell), Rastrococcus spinosus (Robinson), R. iceryoides
Green (, 2542)

(,2544; Carroll,1980;Cherry & Dowell,1979;Fitzpatrick et.
07-01-49-03-01-0102-49
483
al,1979) Mansour (1980 A)

C. mildei
S. littoralis
(Mansour, Rosen, Shulov&Plaut ,1980) (Mansour & Whitcomb, 1986)

(Mansour, Wysoki & Whitcomb ,1985) (Mansour, 1987a)

(selective pesticides)

4

Talstar(biphenate) > Mavrik (fluvalinate) >
Smash (fenpropathrin) > Dursban (chlopyrifos)
carbaryl+formothion 232
55 11 chlorobenzilate 2
7 68 55
24 50
17 Chiracanthium mildei L. Koch
1 chlorpyrifos fenpropathrin,
fenvalerate, phosphamidon biphenate 100% cypermethrin
fluvalinate 60% (acaricides)
(fungicides) (herbicides) 10-40% (Mansour,1987b)

484

1. 7.5x5.5x3 .
2. Oxyopes lineatipes (C.L Koch)
7 . .
3. carbaryl 85% WP (85),
imidachorprid 10 % SL (100 ), lamda cyhalothrin 2.5% EC (
2.5 ), abamectin 1.8% EC ()
4. TLC Sprayer
5. micro applicator
6.
RCB 4
5
1 carbaryl 85% WP 40 ./ 20
2 imidachorprid 10 % SL 10 cc./ 20
3 lamda cyhalothrin 2.5% EC 40 cc./ 20
4 abamectin 1.8% EC 10 cc./ 20
5
1
(Direct Spray)
1.
7.5x5.5x3 . 1 10 /
/
485
2. 5
TLC Sprayer
3. 12, 24, 48 72
2
(Topical Application)
1.
7.5x5.5x3 . 1 10 /
/
2.
dorsal cephalothorax abdomen
micro applicator
3. 12, 24, 48
72
1.
2.
2550
2552

carbaryl 85% WP 60 ./ 20 , imidaclorprid 10%
SL 40 cc./ 20 , lambdacyhalothrin 2.5% EC 40 cc./ 20 ,
abamectin 1.8% EC 10 cc./ 20
24 carbaryl 7.5 %
imidaclorprid 2.5 % lambdacyhalothrin
40 % abamectin 5 %
486
48 carbaryl 12.5 %
47.5 % abamectin 5 %
72 carbaryl 10 %
47.5 % abamectin 12.5 %
96 carbaryl 12.5 %
52.5 % abamectin 22.5 %
487
.2542.. 44-64
ISBN 974-7466-01-5 145 .
. 2544. . ,
. . 108
Carroll, P.D.1980. Biological notes on the spiders of some citrus groves in central and
southern California.Ent.News.91:147-154.
Cherry,H.R. and Dowell,R.V.1979. Predators of citrus blackfly (Hom:
Aleyrodidae).Entomophaga. 24: 385-391.
Fitzpatrick,E.G.,Cherry, H.R. and Dowell,R.V.1979. Effect of Florida citrus pest control
practices on the citrus blackfly (Homoptera: Aleyodidae) and its associated
natural enemies.Can.Ent.111:731-735
Mansour,F.,Rosen,D.,Shulov,A. and Plaut,H.N.1980. Evaluation of spiders as biological
control agents of Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd) larvae on apple in
Israel.Acta.Ecol.,Oecol.Appl.1:225-232.
Mansour,F.,Rosen,D and Shulov.1980. A survey of spider populations (Araneae) in
sprayed and unsprayed apple orchards in Israel and their ability to feed on
larvae of Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd).Acta Ecologica.1(2):189-197.
Mansour, F., Wysorki, M. and Whitcomb, H. W. 1985 Spiders inhabiting avocado
orchards and their role as natural enemies of Boarmia selenaria Schriff
(Lepidotera: Geometridae) larvae in Israel. Acta.Ecol., Oecol Appl. 6:315-321
Mansour, F. and Whitcomb, W.H. 1986. The Spiders of a citrus grove in Israel and their
role as biological agents of Ceroplastes floridensis. Entomophaga. 31:269276.
Mansour, F. 1987a. Spiders in sprayed and unsprayed cotton fields in Israel, their
interactions with cotton pests and their importance as predators of the
Egyptian cotton leaf worm, Spodoptera littoralis. Phytoparasitica. 15:43-50.
Mansour, F. 1987b. Effect of pesticides on spiders occurring an apple and citrus in
Israel. Phytoparasitica. 15(1): 43-50.
488
Effect of Bio Product on honey bees1

____________________________

2551 CRD 3 8
Bacillus thuringiensis var aizawai (Xentari) 60 / 20 , Bt. var kurstaki
(Bactospeine HP) 80 / 20 , () 10 ./
20 , Steinernema carpocapsae (Weiser) 50 x 106 / 20 ,
chlorpyrifos/cypermethrin (Nurelle-L 505 EC) 30 ./ 20 , carbaryl (Sevin 85
WP) 45 ./ 20 , lamdacyhalothrin(Karate 2.5 EC) 10 ./ 20
control (Feeding method)
24
10
(honey bees)

07-01-49-03-01-01-08-51
489
(2532)
3 cyhalothrin 2.5% EC, delthamethrin 3% EC
cyfluthrin 10% EC 1 3
LD50 0.006, 0.015 0.012 /
8
carbaryl 80% WP, carbosulfan 20% EC, delthamethrin 3% EC, cypermethrin 15%
EC, permethrin 10% EC, cyfluthrin 10% EC, cyhalothrin 2.5% EC fenvalerate 20% EC
LD50 21.53,
104.0, 151.0, 274.2, 461.3, 674.5, 714.5 3,724.0 ppm ( ,
2532 )
(2542)
6 beta-cyfluthrin, bifenthrin, cypermethrin, deltamethrin,
fenpropathrin ethofenprox

100 ppm bifenthrin beta-cyfluthrin,
fenpropathrin, cypermethrin, ethofenprox deltamethrin
24 92, 56 , 52, 40, 29 20 %
6 % 100 ppm
bifenthrin
beta-cyfluthrin,
fenpropathrin,
ethofenprox, cypermethrin deltamethrin 24 94,
90, 86, 82, 72 56 % 5 %
1. 20
2. Bacillus thuringiensis var aizawai (Xentari) 60 /
20 , Bt. var kurstaki (Bactospeine HP) 80 / 20 , (
) 10 ./ 20 , Steinernema carpocapsae (Weiser)
50 x 106 / 20
490
3. chlorpyrifos/cypermethrin (Nurelle-L 505 EC) 30 ./
20 carbaryl (Sevin 85 WP) 45 ./ 20 lamdacyhalothrin(Karate 2.5 EC)
10 ./ 20
3. (forcep)

CRD 3 8
1. Bacillus thuringiensis var aizawai (Xentari) 60 / 20
2. Bacillus thuringiensis var kurstaki (Bactospeine HP) 80 / 20
3. () 10 ./ 20
4. Steinernema carpocapsae (Weiser) 50 x 106 / 20
5. chlorpyrifos/cypermethrin (Nurelle-L 505 EC) 30 ./ 20
6. carbaryl (Sevin 85 WP) 45 ./ 20
7. lamdacyhalothrin(Karate 2.5 EC) 10 ./ 20
8. control
()
30 30
10
acetone 1 3
acetone
10 : 1 3
(Stevenson, 1968)
24
491

(Feeding method) 24
10

, . 2542.
.
2542. .
, , , .
2532.
. 2532. .
, , , .
2532. .
2532. .
Stevenson, J.H. 1968. Laboratory studies on the acute contact and oral toxicities of
insecticides to honeybees. The Annals of Applied Biology. 61:467-472
492
The Study on Bee Mite Control Technology

. .
2549 2551
4 (Ocimum sanctum L.) (O. basillicum L.) (O.
basillicum L.) (Menthae arvensis L.)
(expression) 2 (Varroa jacobsoni
Oudemans) (Tropilaelaps clareae Delfinado and Baker)
impregnated filter paper test

4
07-01-49-03-01-01-05-49
493

(Varroa jacobsoni
Oudemans) (Tropilaelaps clareae Delfinado and baker) 2
(ectoparasite)

80-90% 10-90% (,
2527)

(Theraqeutic
agents) (naphthalene)
( , 2529)

(2530) 400 ppm
200 ppm
640 ppm
1:1
(2527)

1 : 1

4 - 5
(
, 2528) 3
(2544) - ( PVC
) 65%
- 2 1 ( 9 - 10
) 1 3 4 2 7 8
494
4 8
65% 60 1
2
65%
(2542)

1. :
2.
3.
4.
5.
6. 3x4
7.
8.
9.

Rodhe (1956) (plaster-charcoal rearing box)
9 3x4
1/3
1
34
2

1 100 : 1
5
495
(expression) 300
1

impregnated filter paper test
1 2
3 4
5 1x1 1 .
10 7 34
2 .
2x2 3x4 30
3, 6, 12,
24 36
100, 75, 50, 25

3, 6, 12, 24, 36

-

- . .
2549 2551
Rodhe (1956) (plaster-charcoal rearing

box) 2 (Varroa jacobsoni
Oudemans) (Tropilaelaps clareae Delfinado and Baker)
40

(2527) 34
496
4 (Ocimum sanctum L.) (O. basillicum L.)
(Ocinum basillicum L.) (Menthae arvensis L.)
(expression) impregnated filter paper
test 12 .
33, 17, 15, 41 0 24 . 53, 53,
45, 75 19 24
18.5, 11, 13.5, 36 3.5 36 43.5,
58.5, 31, 86 13.5
12 24 (2542)
2

4
2
(Varroa jacobsoni Oudemans) (Tropilaelaps clareae
Delfinado and Baker) impregnated filter paper test

86
36

. 2544. . 165 - 168. :

.
.
497
. 2527. Tropilaelaps clareae
Delfinado and Baker (Acarina : Laelapidae).
. . 70
.
, , . 2542.
. 2542
.
. 2527. : . 23 . :
. 5 - 7 2527
.
. 2530. (Varroa
jacobsoni and Tropilaelaps clareae ) (Apis mellifera).

. . 115 .
. 2529. . .
. 157 .
, . 2528. . 51-68. :
.
. .
498
1
Studies on Technology for Bee Hives Management throughout the year

____________________________

2549 - 2551
RCB 8 3 1
2 3

8.00-18.00 .
1,000
/10 3
/10

1,000
2 1,000

2

(Apis mellifera L.)
(A. mellifera L.),
(A. cerana Fabr.) (A. florea Fabr.)
07-01-49-03-01-01-06-49
499
(A. dorsta),
(Ceratina sp.), (Xylocopa sp.)
(Trigona sp.) /

/
2

(, 2537)

-

(2528)

(2537)

(2543)
500

(2542) 20 - 30 60

(2542) 18
13%
(2544) 53 73%

(2527)
-

-,
- , -, - -
(2529)

(pollen and nectar source)
1. 3
2.
3. 4x4x4
501
4. (smoker) (hive tool)
(veil hat) (foundation)
5.

() ,

3 2 x 5 24

1 50
10 10-15
2 2
3-5 15-15-15
20-30 / 2 2
14
30 Randomized
Complete Block 8 3 1
4x4x4
1 2 4x4x4
3
1 2 3

1 3

1 8.00-18.00 .
3 80-89

502
1 4 3

1,000
2549 2551

2549
15-16 / 50-60 30-40
1 / 1

/ 10

2,627.63 /10
2,278.75 /10
2,101.75 /10 ( 1)
1,000

( 3.04 2.88 ) 2 1,000
( 2.19 ) ( 1)

8.00 - 18.00 .
(A. mellifera L.), (A. cerana Fabr.) (A. florea Fabr.)

(A. mellifera L.), (A. cerana Fabr.) (A.
503
florea Fabr.)
8.00 18.00 .
2
(A. mellifera L.) 36.51 (
2)
(A. mellifera L.) 10.00
11.00 . ( 1)
2 (A. mellifera L.), (A. cerana Fabr.),
(A. florea Fabr.) (A. dorsta), (Ceratina sp.),
(Xylocopa sp.) (Trigona sp.) 42.24, 34.53, 39.58 46.17
( 3) ( 2)
2550
14-15 / 50-60 30-40
1 / 1

/ 10

2,518.38 /10
2,254.88 /10
2,093.50 /10 ( 4) (2535)

(A. mellifera L.)
1,000

( 3.02 2.80 ) 2 1,000
( 2.18 ) ( 4)
(A. mellifera L.), (A.
504
cerana Fabr.) (A. florea Fabr.)

(2535)

8.00 18.00 .
2
(A. mellifera L.) 35.16 (
5)
(A. mellifera L.) 10.00
11.00 . ( 3)
2 (A. mellifera L.), (A. cerana Fabr.),
(A. florea Fabr.) (A. dorsta), (Ceratina sp.),
(Xylocopa sp.) (Trigona sp.) 40.61, 32.90, 42.01 68.85
( 6) ( 4)

14-16 / 50-60 30-40
/
10
1,000

2 1,000

8.00-18.00 .

(A. mellifera L.)
505
(A. mellifera L.)

8.00-18.00 .
2 (A. mellifera L.)
(A. mellifera L.) 10.0011.00 .
2 (A.
mellifera L.), (A. cerana Fabr.) (A. florea Fabr.)
(A. dorsta), (Ceratina sp.), (Xylocopa sp.) (Trigona sp.)

(A. mellifera L.)
(A. cerana Fabr.) (A. florea Fabr.)

(A.
mellifera L.) /
. 2537. . 19 - 22. :
.
.
506
. 2544.
. 3. : 2544
.
. 2528. . 2
. 132 .
. 2542.
. 16-17. : 2542
.
. 2542.
. 29-30. :
2542 .
. 2535.
. 1-3. : 2535
.
.
2529. . 114-122. :
2529 .
. 2535. .

. . 227 .
. 2527. .
. 55

. 2543.
. 6. : 2543
.
507
1 3
- 2550
/ 10 1 ()/1,000
1/
2627.63a
3.04a
(open-pollinated)
+
2278.75b
2.88a
(bee-pollinated)
2101.75c
2.19b
(closed-pollinated)
CV(%)
13.0
14.9
1/
95%
DMRT
1
2
3
4
2 3 08.00-18.00 .
- 2550
( )
(.)
8.oo 9.oo 10.oo 11.oo 12.oo 13.oo 14.oo 15.oo 16.oo 17.oo
()
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
42
90 130 128 112 96
89
65
34
12
798
95 165 190 179 168 160 134 120
72
37 1,320
160 169 144 152 124 95
98
85
52
20 1,099
44
78
62
45
40
38
32
26
24
9
398
3,615
22.08
36.51
30.40
11.01
100
508
1
2
3
4
3 3 08.00-18.00 .
- 2550
( )
(.)
()
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
20 49
40
55
48
24
12
5
4
5
262
21.08
72 95
81
92
82
32
21
22
18
10
525
42.24
40 64
52
48
26
16
14
11
9
7
287
23.09
19 18
22
25
19
17
17
15
11
6
169
13.59
1,243
100
1
2
3
4
5
32
29
15
17
41
33
34
22
55
37
33
32
59
48
50
40
62
37
36
38
70
46
38
30
42
35
35
27
40
27
21
25
39
20
14
20
22
14
18
256
462
326
294
1,338
19.13
34.53
24.37
21.97
100
1
2
3
4
27
34
20
22
30
54
53
32
52
59
68
64
48
96
75
27
50
112
76
16
40
99
52
39
41
109
65
31
47
94
42
26
31
73
29
20
29
54
28
17
395
784
508
294
1,981
19.94
39.58
25.64
14.84
100
1
2
3
4
4
2
2
2
5
17
18
2
8
19
17
11
5
24
15
6
12
36
28
17
10
52
20
8
8
47
40
22
4
39
16
4
6
26
10
1
2
15
12
1
4
2
2
2
593
10.79
46.71
30.02
12.48
100
509
4 3
-
2551
/ 10 1 ()/1,000
1/
2518.38a
3.02a
(open-pollinated)
+
2254.88b
2.80a
(bee-pollinated)
2093.50c
2.18b
(closed-pollinated)
CV(%)
13.9
15.9
1/
95%
DMRT
1
2
3
4
5 3 08.00-18.00 .
-
2551
( )
(.)
()
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
40
81 123 123 119 96
74
48
22
6
732
20.89
79 152 195 184 159 154 143 114
52
0 1,232 35.16
171 182 160 140 78
72
91
94
36
2 1,026 29.28
78
79
71
55
51
40
59
49
32
0
514
14.67
3,504
100
510
1
2
3
4
6 3 08.00-18.00 .
- 2551
( )
(.)
()
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
17 57
77
37
33
15
1
3
4
6
250
25.38
67 85
76
51
34
18
23
17
17
12
400
40.61
21 42
36
40
15
13
11
9
4
1
192
19.49
25 23
14
11
8
16
18
11
11
6
143
14.52
985
100
1
4
2
8
3 64
4 66
6
26
84
60
14
47
61
71
25
57
40
16
44
72
21
32
32
72
25
43
25
56
19
41
21
71
21
28
37
58
17
37
32
35
13
25
240
502
365
419
1,526
15.73
32.90
23.91
27.46
100
1
3
2 22
3 47
4 14
13
59
50
52
22
63
62
67
33
89
54
8
52
108
34
21
69
102
35
32
61
99
30
29
64
102
29
25
51
82
21
28
38
58
16
22
406
783
378
298
1,866
21.76
42.01
20.26
15.97
100
1
2
3
4
1
4
2
2
4
6
11
1
3
8
12
1
9
10
2
0
5
48
1
0
2
22
0
2
3
25
1
0
8
23
1
1
1
20
0
0
36
168
32
8
244
14.75
68.85
13.11
3.29
100
0
2
2
1
511
150
100
511
(/10 )
200
50
0
8.00 .
9.00 .
10.00 . 11.00 . 12.00 . 13.00 . 14.00 . 15.00 . 16.00 . 17.00 .
1 3 1 + 08.00-18.00 .
- 2550
120
100
80
60
40
20
512
(/10)
512
8.00 .
9.00 .
10.00 .
11.00 .
12.00 .
13.00 .
14.00 .
15.00 .
16.00 .
2 3 3 08.00-18.00 .
- 2550
17.00 .
513
200
150
100
50
513
( /10 )
250
0
8.00 .
9.00 .
10.00 .
11.00 .
12.00 .
13.00 .
14.00 .
15.00 .
16.00 .
17.00 .
3 3 8.00-18.00 .
- 2551
514
100
80
60
40
20
514
(/10 )
120
8.00 .
9.00 .
10.00 .
11.00 .
12.00 .
13.00 .
14.00 .
15.00 .
16.00 .
17.00 .
4 3 8.00-18.00 .
- 2551
515

3
()
30-32
()
80-85
()
149.7
/
3.5
/
33.5
1,000 /
3.05
(/)
102
(/)
135
:,2547
516
Toxicity Test of Some Pesticides on the Predatory Mites

2

Amblyseius cucumeris
Toxicity Test of Some Pesticides on the Predatory Mite, Amblyseius cucumeris
24
Amblyseius cucumeris leaf-dip
method ( 7 )
(harmless) 30 imidacloprid,
buprofezin, novaluron, fipronil, prochloraz, thaimethoxam, acetamiprid, dinotefuran,
ememectin benzoate, azadiractin, triploxcistrobin, spiromesifan, mancozep, clothianidia
: Amblyseius cucumeris, ,
07-01-49-03-01-01-07-50
517

Thrips palmi, Scirtothrips
dorsalis (, 2547)

A. cucumeris

A.longispinosus (Evans) fenbutatin oxide,
buprofezin, fenobucarb, imidacloprid, dinotefuran, validamycin, carbendazim sulfur

7 fenpyroximate, petroleum spray oil, methomyl, indoxacarb, tebufenozide,
acetamiprid carbendazim + mancozeb
A. longispinosus
(Kongchuensin and Takafuji, 2005)

A. cucumeris IPM
1. A.cucumeris
2. , Tyrophagus putrescentiae
3.
4. 40 lux
5. 27x45x3 .
6. 10x24x2 . 5.1x5.5x2 .
14
518
7.
8. (forceps) (cork borer)
9.
10.
11. 23
A. cucumeris
A. cucumeris , T. putrescentiae
27-28
60-80 % RH 14 (14D: 10L) 1

-- 22

500
- acetamiprid 10 / 20
- azadiractin 50 . / 20
- batacyfluthrin 40 ./ 20
- benfluracarb 50 ./ 20
- buprofezin 5 ./ 20
- captan 45 / 20
- carbosulfan 50 ./ 20
- clothianidia 12 / 20
- dinotefuran 10 / 20
- emamectin benzoate 15 ./ 20
- etofenprox 30 ./ 20
- fipronil 20 ./ 20
- imidacloprid 10 ./ 20
- lamda cyhalothrin 20 . / 20
- mancozep 80 / 20
- methomyl 35 / 20
519
- novaluron 50 . / 20
- petroleum oil 40 . / 20
- prochloraz 20 / 20
- spiromesifan 6 ./ 20
- thaimethoxam 2 / 20
- triploxcistrobin 10 / 20
Leaf-dip method
Croft and Nelson (1972), Overmeer (1985) Zhang and Sanderson (1990)
(Residue bioassay)
(tarsus)
Randomized complete design (RCD) 5 10 2
1. (Fresh residual test)
cork borer 1.7
10
90
0.5-1
(27-28 )
5.1x5.5x2 . (Fig. 1)
3-4 10
(1 ) 15-20
5

1 10 5
2. 7 (7-day residual test)
(residual persistence)
( 1
5%)
7
520
3 1
5
48

(Streibert, 1981)
48
arcsine analysis of
variance Abbotts
formula (Abbott, 1925)

IOBC (Hassan, 1994)
(harmless) < 30 %
(slightly harmful) 30 79 %
(moderately harmful) 80 99 %
(harmful) > 99 %
leaf disc
(1.7 cm dia.)
cotton pad
cell arena
(5.1 x 5.5 x 2 cm)
plastic tray
(10 x 24 x 2 cm)
Fig.1 Plastic tray with 14 cell arenas for containing leaf discs after dipping with pesticides

Amblyseius cucumerris
- (harmless) 30 % imidacloprid,
buprofezin, novaluron, fipronil, prochloraz, thaimethoxam, acetamiprid, dinotefuran,
emamectin benzoate, azadiractin, triploxcistrobin, spiromesifan, mancozep, clothianidia
521
- (slightly harmless) 30 79 %
petroleum oil, etofenprox, captan, carbosulfan,
- (moderately harmful) 80 99 %
batacyfluthrin,
- (harmful) 99 % lamda
cyhalothrin, benfluracarb, methomyl
. 2547. Amblyseius cucumeris .

.
Abbott, W. S. 1925. A method of computing the effectiveness of an insecticide. Journal
of Economic Entomology, 18: 265-276.
Croft, B. A. and E. E. Nelson. 1972. Toxicity of apple orchard pesticides to Michigan
populations of Amblyseius fallacis. Environmental Entomology, 1: 576-579.
Hassan, S. A. 1994. Activities of the IOBC/WPRS Working Group Pesticides and
Beneficial Organisms. In: Pesticides and Beneficial Organisms. (ed., Vogt H.),
IOBC/WPRS Bulletin, 17: 1-5.
Kongchuensin, M. and A. Takafuji (2006) Effects of some pesticides on the predatory
mite, Neoseiulus longispinosus (Evans) (Gamasina: Phytoseiidae). Journal of the
Acarological Society of Japan, 15 (1): 17-27.
Overmeer.W. P. J. 1985. Toxicological methods. In: Spider mites 1B. (eds., Helle, W. and
M. W. Sabelis), pp. 183-189, Elsevier, Amsterdam.
Streibert, H. P. 1981. A standardized laboratory rearing and testing method for the
effects of pesticides on the predatory mite Amblyseius fallacis (Garman).
Zeitschrift fr Angewandte Entomologie, 92: 121-127.
Zhang, Z. Q. and J. P. Sanderson. 1990. Relative toxicity of abamectin to the predatory
mite Phytoseiulus persimilis (Acari: Phytoseiidae) and twospotted spider mite
(Acari: Tetranychidae). Journal of Economic Entomology, 83: 1783-1790.
522
Sycanus versicolor Dohrn.

The Effect of Some Insecticides on Assassin Bug, Sycanus versicolor Dohrn.

Sycanus versicolor Dohrn.

2550 2551

S. versicolor 3 5
CRD 5
16 acetone (control)
14
20 etofenprox 20% EC 50 ., imidacloprid 10%SL 20 ., buprofezin
10% WP 10 , carbosulfan 20% EC 50 ., dinotefuran 10% WP 10
, fipronil 5% SC 20 ., lambdacyhalothrin 2.5% CS 20 ., betacyfluthrin
2.5% EC 40 ., fenpropathrin 10% EC 20 ., thiamethoxamlambdacyhalothrin 24.7% ZC 10 ., cypermethrin 35% EC 20 .,
benfuracarb 20% EC 50 ., clothianidin 16% SG 9 amitraz 20% EC
30 .
72
10 / 5 /
3 ( < 30 %) 8 buprofezin, benfuracarb,

clothianidin, thiamethoxam-lambdacyhalothrin, dinotefuran, fipronil, lambdacyhalothrin,
07-01-49- 03-01-01-09-51
523
amitraz ( 30 - 79 %) 5 carbosulfan,
fenpropathrin, cypermethrin, etofenprox betacyfluthrin (
80 - 99 %) 1 imidacloprid
5 (
< 30 %) 13 buprofezin, benfuracarb, clothianidin,
thiamethoxam-lambdacyhalothrin, dinotefuran, lambdacyhalothrin, fipronil, amitraz,
carbosulfan, fenpropathrin, cypermethrin, etofenprox betacyfluthrin
( 80 - 99 %) 1 imidacloprid
(assassin bug) (Hemiptera: Reduviidae)

Reduviidae
(Slater and Baranowski, 1978)
Mahr (1980)

Sahayaraj (2002) , Rhynocoris
marginatus (F.) Corcyra cephalonica
Stainton 8 / 1 Sahayaraj Paulraj
(2001) Rhynocoris marginatus (F.)
405.28 22.15 103.933 Grundy,P.R. D.A. Maelzer
(2002) , Pristhesancus plagipennis (Walker)
- 160 / 9 - 12 / 1
1 / 1
Sahayaraj Sathiamoorthi (2002) , Rhynocoris marginatus (F.)
25

Grundy (2007) , Pristhesancus plagipennis
(Walker) Helicoverpa Creontiades
Helicoverpa Creontiades
Indoxacarb, pyriproxifen, buprofezin, spinosad fipronil
524
emamectin, benzoate, abamectin, diafenthiuron, imidacloprid
omethaote (2548)
Sycanus 3 Sycanus versicolor Dohrn.,
Sycanus collaris Fabricius Sycanus croceovittatus Dohrn.
Sycanus versicolor Dohrn
2

1. ,
2. () S. versicolor
3.
4. , ,
5.
6. , micro-pipette
7. acetone
525
8. 24
- 14
etofenprox (Trebon 20% EC), imidacloprid(Confidor 10% SL), buprofezin (Napam 10%
WP), carbosulfan (Posse 20% EC), dinotefuran (Starkle 10% WP), fipronil (Ascend 5%
SC), Lambdacyhalothrin (Karate Zeon 2.5% CS), betacyfluthrin (Folitec 2.5% EC),
fenpropathrin (Danitol 10% EC), thiamethoxam-lambdacyhalothrin (Eforia 24.7% ZC),
cypermethrin (Mikele 35% EC), benfuracarb ( 20% EC), clothianidin (Dantosu
16% SG) amitraz (Mitac 20% EC)
- ,
10 novaluron (Rimon 10% EC), indoxacarb (Ammate 15% SC),
spinosad (Success 12% SC), emamactin benzoate (Proclaim 1.92% EC), flubendiamide
(Takumi 20% WG), lufennuron (Macth 5% EC), tolfenpyrad (Hachi Hachi 16% EC),
chlorfenapyr (Rampage 10% SC), Bacillus thuringiensis var aizawai (Xentari WG),
Bacillus thuringiensis var kurstaki (Bactospeine SC)
9.
S. versicolor
acetone (control)
Snodgrass, G.L., 1996
Snodgrass, G.L.,J.J. Adamczyk. JR., and J. Gore. 2005
CRD 5 3
1.
16 acetone control 14
20
- etofenprox (Trebon 20% EC) 50
526
- imidacloprid (Confidor 10% SL) 20 .
- buprofezin (Napam 10% WP) 10 .
- carbosulfan (Posse 20% EC) 50 .
- dinotefuran (Starkle 10% WP) 10
- fipronil (Ascend 5% SC) 20 .
- Lambdacyhalothrin (Karate Zeon 2.5% CS) 20 .
- betacyfluthrin (Folitec 2.5% EC) 40 .
- fenpropathrin (Danitol 10% EC) 20 .
- thiamethoxam-lambdacyhalothrin (Eforia 24.7% ZC) 10 .
- cypermethrin (Mikele 35% EC) 20 .
- benfuracarb ( 20% EC) 50 .
- clothianidin (Dantosu 16% SG) 9 .
- amitraz (Mitac 20% EC) 30 .
2 3 5
10 / 5 / (1 1
) acetone 1 / 2 /
2 4
3 5
72
1, 24, 48 72
2. ,

12 acetone control 10
20
- novaluron (Rimon 10% EC) 20 .
- indoxacarb (Ammate 15% SC) 15 .
- spinosad (Success 12% SC) 20 .
- emamactin benzoate (Proclaim 1.92% EC) 15 .
- flubendiamide (Takumi 20% WG) 6 .
- lufennuron (Macth 5% EC) 20 .
- tolfenpyrad (Hachi Hachi 16% EC) 30 .
527
- chlorfenapyr (Rampage 10% SC) 20 .
- Bacillus thuringiensis var aizawai (Xentari WG) 60
- Bacillus thuringiensis var kurstaki (Bactospeine SC) 60
.
acetone
1
3
1 2
acetone
1
5, 10, 15 20

IOBC (Hassan, 1994)
- (harmless) < 30 %
- (slightly harmful) 30 79 %
- (modertely harmful) 80 99 %
- (harmful) > 99 %
2550 2553
-
-
(S.
versicolor) 3 1
3
acetone ( 1) 24 10 buprofezin ,
carbosulfan , dinotefuran , fipronil, lambdacyhalothrin , fenpropathrin , thiamethoxamlambdacyhalothrin, benfuracarb, clothianidin amitraz 3
528
2, 14, 4, 0, 4, 0, 0, 0, 2 0 % (P
0.05) acetone betacyfluthrin
cypermethrin 18 30 %
(P 0.05) acetone
etofenprox 38% imidacloprid 3
96 % ( 1)
48 8 3
(P.0.5) acetone buprofezin,
ditoteferan, fipronil, lambdacyhalothrin, thiamethoxam-lambdacyhalothrin, benfuracarb,
clothianidin amitraz 2, 10, 10, 14, 0, 0, 4 0 %
carbosulfan, fenpropathrin cypermethrin 3 32,
32 36 % (P 0.05)
acetone etofenprox imidacloprid 3
48 96 % ( 1)
72 3
(P 0.05) acetone
buprofezin, ditenoferan, fipronil, lambdacyhalothrin, thiamethoxam-lambdacyhalothrin,
benfuracarb, clothianidin amitraz 3 2, 12, 14, 14, 16, 6, 8
2 % carbosulfan fenpropathrin 44
68 % (P 0.05)
acetone etofenprox, betacyfluthrin cypermethrin
3 58, 72 64 % imidacloprid 3
95% ( 1)
72 IOBC (Hassan, 1994)

3 ( < 30 %) 8
buprofezin 20% WP, ditenoferan 10% WP, fipronil 5% SC, lambdacyhalothrin 2.5% CS,
thiamethoxam-lambdacyhalothrin 24.7% ZC, benfuracarb 20% EC, clothianidin 16% SG
amitraz 20% EC ( 30 - 79 %)
5 etofenprox 20% EC, carbosulfan 20% EC, betacyfluthrin 2.5% EC,
529
fenpropathrin 10% EC cypermethrin 35% EC (
80 - 99 %) 1 imidacloprid 10% SL ( 1)
5 1
5 acetone ( 2)
24 13 etofenprox, buprofezin, carbosulfan,
dinotefuran, fipronil, lambdacyhalothrin, betacyfluthrin, fenpropathrin, thiamethoxamlambdacyhalothrin, cypermethrin, benfuracarb, clothianidin amitraz
5 acetone imidacloprid
5 20 % (P 0.05)
acetone ( 2)
48 12 etofenprox, buprofezin,
carbosulfan, fipronil, lambdacyhalothrin, betacyfluthrin, fenpropathrin, thiamethoxamlambdacyhalothrin, cypermethrin, benfuracarb, clothianidin amitraz
5 acetone dinotefuran 4
% (P 0.05) acetone
imidacloprid 79 % ( 2)
72 6 buprofezin, fipronil, betacyfluthrin,
lambdacyhalothrin, fenpropathrin, amitraz 5
acetone carbosulfan, thiamethoxam-lambdacyhalothrin,
benfuracarb, clothianidin etofenprox, 2, 2, 2, 4 6 %
(P 0.05) acetone
dinotefuran 5 28 %
(P 0.05) acetone
imidacloprid 94 % ( 2)
72 IOBC (Hassan, 1994)

5 ( < 30 %) 13
etofenprox 20% EC, buprofezin 10% WP, carbosulfan 20% EC, dinotefuran 10% WP,
fipronil 5% SC, lambdacyhalothrin 2.5% CS, betacyfluthrin 2.5% EC, fenpropathrin 10%
EC, thiamethoxam-lambdacyhalothrin 24.7% ZC, cypermethrin 35% EC, benfuracarb
530
20% EC, clothianidin 16% SG amitraz 20% EC (
80 - 99 %) 1 imidacloprid 10% SL ( 2)
S. versicolor Dohrn.
CRD 5 16 acetone
control 14 20 etofenprox 20% EC 50
., imidacloprid 10% SL 20 ., buprofezin 10% WP 10 , carbosulfan
20% EC 50 ., dinotefuran 10% WP 10 , fipronil 5% SC 20 .,
lambdacyhalothrin 2.5% CS 20 ., betacyfluthrin 2.5% EC 40 .,
fenpropathrin 10% EC 20 ., thiamethoxam-lambdacyhalothrin 24.7% ZC 10
., cypermethrin 35% EC 20 ., benfuracarb 20% EC 50 . clothianidin
16% SG 9 amitraz 20%EC 30 .
3 5
3 ( < 30 %)
8 buprofezin 20% WP, ditenoferan 10% WP, fipronil 5% SC, lambdacyhalothrin
2.5% CS, thiamethoxam-lambdacyhalothrin 24.7% ZC, benfuracarb 20% EC, clothianidin
16% SG amitraz 20% EC ( 30 - 79 %) 5
etofenprox 20% EC, carbosulfan 20% EC, betacyfluthrin 2.5% EC, fenpropathrin 10%
EC cypermethrin 35% EC ( 80 - 99 %)
1 imidacloprid 10% SL
5 (
< 30 %) 13 etofenprox 20% EC, buprofezin 10% WP,
carbosulfan 20% EC, dinotefuran 10% WP, fipronil 5% SC, lambdacyhalothrin 2.5% CS,
betacyfluthrin 2.5% EC, fenpropathrin 10% EC, thiamethoxam-lambdacyhalothrin 24.7%
ZC, cypermethrin 35% EC, benfuracarb 20% EC, clothianidin 16% SG amitraz 20%
EC ( 80 - 99 %) 1
imidacloprid 10% SL
531
. 2548. Sycanus Polytoxus

Reduviidae .
.
Grundy, P.R. 2007. Utilizing the assassin big, Pristhesancus plagipennis (Hemiptera:
Reduviidae), as a biological control agent within an integrated pest management
programme for Helicoverpa spp. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Creontiades spp.
(Hemiptera: Miridae) in cotton (). http//journals.cambridge.
org. 8 2550.
Grundy, P.R., and D.A. Maelzer. 2002. Augmentation of the assassin bug Pristhesancus
plagipennis (Walker) (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) as a biological control agent for
Helicoverpa spp. in cotton (). http//www.blackwellsynergy.com. 24 2550.
Hassan, S. A. 1994. Activities of the IOBC/WPRS Working grop. Pesticides and
Beneficial Organisms IOBC wpre Bulletin and Bulletin OILB srop. 17(10). 5p.
Sahayaraj, K. 2002. Small-scale laboratory rearing of a reduviid predator, Rhynocoris
marginatus Fab. (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) on Corcyra cephalonica stainton larvae
by larval card method. Journal of Central European Agriculture. 3(4)
Sahayaraj, K. and M. G. Paulraj. 2001. Rearing and life table of reduviid predator
Rhynocoris marginatus Fab. (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) on Spodoptera litura Fab.
(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) larvae. Journal of Applied Entomology, 125(6): 321325(5)
Sahayaraj, K. and P. Sathiamoorthi. 2002. Influence of different diets of Corcyra
cephalonica on life history of a reduviid predator Rhynocoris marginatus
(). http//www.agr.hr/jeca/issues/jcea3-1/jcea31_8.html.
8 2550.
Slater, J. A. and R. M. Baranowski. 1978. How to know the true Bugs. ()
http//www.ojibway.ca/bugs.asp. 8 2550.
Snodgrass, G. L. 1996. Glass-vial bioassay to estimate insecticide resistance in adult
tarnished plant bugs (Heteroptera: Miridae). J. Econ. Entomol.89: 1053-1059.
532
Snodgrass, G. L., J. J. Adamczyk. JR. and J. Gore. 2005. Toxcity of insecticides in a
glass-vial bioassay to adult brown, green and southern green stink bugs
(Heterroptera: Pentatomidae). J. Econ. Entomol.98: 177-181.
533
Table 1. Effect of pesticides on 3rd instar nymph of Sycanus versicolor Dornh. at 1, 24,
48 and 72 hours after exposure.
Pesticide and formulation

etofenprox 20% EC
imidacloprid 10% SL
buprofezin 10% WP
carbosulfan 20% EC
dinotefuran 10% WP
fipronil 5% SC
lambdacyhalothrin 2.5% CS
betacyfluthrin 2.5% EC
fenpropathrin 10% EC
thiamethoxamlambdacyhalothrin 24.7%ZC
cypermethrin 35% EC
benfuracarb 20% EC
clothianidin 16% SG
amitraz 20%EC
acetone
water
% Mortality
Time (hours) after exposure
1 24
48
72
0 38c 1/ 48d
58c
0 96d
96d
95d
0 2a
2a
2a
0 14ab 32cd 44b
0 4ab 10ab 12a
0 0a
10ab 14a
0 4ab 14ab 14a
0 18b
48d
72c
0 0a
32bc 68bc
0 0a
0a
16a
0
0
0
0
0
0
30b
0a
2a
0a
0a
0a
36cd
0a
4a
0a
0a
0a
64c
6a
8a
2a
0a
0a
Evaluation 2/
2
3
1
2
1
1
1
2
2
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
Data were transformed to arcsine to statistical analysis.

1/
Values in the column followed by the same letter are not significantly different at 5%
level by DMRT.
2/
Evaluation at 72 hours after exposure, 1 = harmless (<30%), 2 = slightly harmful (3079%), 3 = moderately harmful (80-99%), 4 = harmful (>99% mortality), Hassan et al.
(1994).
534
Table 2. Effect of pesticides on 5th instar nymph of Sycanus versicolor Dornh. at 1, 24,
48 and 72 hours after exposure.
Pesticide and formulation

etofenprox 20% EC
imidacloprid 10% SL
buprofezin 10% WP
carbosulfan 20% EC
dinotefuran 10% WP
fipronil 5% SC
lambdacyhalothrin 2.5% CS
betacyfluthrin 2.5% EC
fenpropathrin 10% EC
thiamethoxamlambdacyhalothrin 24.7% ZC
cypermethrin 35% EC
benfuracarb 20% EC
clothianidin 16% SG
amitraz 20%EC
acetone
water
% Mortality
Time (hours) after exposure
1
24
48
72
0 0a 1/ 0a
6a
0 20b 79c 94c
0
0a
0a
0a
0
0a
0a
2a
0
0a
4b 28b
0
0a
0a
0a
0
0a
0a
0a
0
0a
0a
0a
0
0a
0a
0a
0
0a
0a
2a
0
0
0
0
0
0
0a
0a
0a
0a
0a
0a
0a
0a
0a
0a
0a
0a
6a
2a
4a
0a
0a
0a
Evaluation 2/
1
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Data were transformed to arcsine to statistical analysis.

1/
Values in the column followed by the same letter are not significantly different at 5%
level by DMRT.
2/
Evaluation at 72 hours after exposure, 1 = harmless (<30%), 2 = slightly harmful (3079%), 3 = moderately harmful (80-99%), 4 = harmful (>99% mortality), Hassan et al.
(1994).
535
, Plutella xylostella (Linneaus)

3
Toxicity Level of Insecticides to Diamondback Moth, Plutella xylostella (Linneaus),
from Three Important Planting Areas

, Plutella xylostella
(Linneaus) 3
2551 .
. / indoxacarb
flubendiamide
. . Bt. IPM
IRM
3
07 01 49 03 01 01 10 51
536
(Colone)
spinosad (Success 12%Sc), indoxacarb (Ammate 15% SC),
emamectin benzoate (Proclaim 1.92% EC), chlorfenapyr (Rampage 10% SC), fipronil (Ascend
5% SC), tolfenpyrad (Hachi Hachi 16% EC), flubendiamide (Takumi 20% WDG),
chlorantraniliprole (Prevathon 5% SC), Bt. aizawai (Xentari 35,000 DBMU/mg), Bt. kurstaki
Bactospeine10,600 IU/mg SC)
200

10%
7 1

2
leaf-dipping technique (Fahmy et al.,1991)
5x5 .. 5 ./
20 10 1 2
10 5
5 72
probit (Finney, 1971)
. .
indoxacarb LC50 79.213 ppm
chlorfenapyr tolfenpyrad 32.987 21.225
flubendiamide LC50 0.246 ppm Bt. aizawai LC50 0.670
537
g/20L Bt. kurstaki LC50 2.630 ml/20L
(1)
Table 1 Susceptibility of various insecticides in F1 progeny of P. xylostella collected from
crucifer fields of Tha Muang, Kanchana Buri, Thailand
Insecticide
n
LC50 (95%FL) 1
Slope + SE
spinosad
250
8.703 (4.169-21.691)
0.516 + 0.063
indoxacarb
250
79.213 (27.470-376.846)
0.359 + 0.057
emamectin benzoate
250
5.629 (1.865-28.600)
0.328 + 0.056
chlorfenapyr
250
32.987 (10.329-198.356)
0.323 + 0.056
fipronil
250
8.399 (4.382-17.306)
0.565 + 0.063
tolfenpyrad
250
21.225 (7.853-85.102)
0.368 + 0.057
flubendiamide
250
0.246 (0.113-0.593)
0.451 + 0.058
Bt. aizawai
250
0.670(0.356-1.246)
0.604 + 0.065
Bt. kurstaki
250
2.630 (1.210-6.300)
0.620 + 0.080
1
ppm of AI at 72 hr. except for Bt. aizawai = g/ 20L and Bt. kurstaki = ml/20L at 96 hr.
. . / indoxacarb
LC50 (79.213 ppm)

spinosad, emamectim benzoate, fipronil LC50 8.703,
5.629, 8.399 ppm flubendiamide
. . LC50 (0.246 ppm)
Bt. IPM IRM Bt. LC50 (0.670-2.630 ppm)
Bt. biological control .
. flubendiamide Bt. Cotesia
plutellae
538
. . / indoxacarb

flubendiamide . .
Bt. IPM IRM
Fahmy, R.A., N. Sinchaisri and T. Miyata, 1991. Development of chlorfluazuron resistance and
pattern of cross-resistance in the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella. J. Pestic.
Sci. 16: 665-672.
Finney, D.J.,1971. Probit Analysis, 3 rd Edition. Cambridge University Press, UK.
539
Integrated on Mango Pest Management

1/
1/
1/
2/
3/
1/
1/
2/ 3/

________________________________
5 . . .
/ 10 / 10
2549 IPM

8 4 IPM
26.06 1.19 1.15
2550 IPM 2549

IPM 9

12 IPM 18.93
1.23 0.83
2551 IPM
2 2
6 IPM 8
8 10
12 (IPM)
33.34% (IPM) 1.30
1.20
_____________________________________
07-01-49-04
540

2545
8,736 146.22

(2542)

methamidophos
(, 2542) (2544)

lambda cyhalothrin (, 2547)
(2542)
chlorpyrifos

541
Colletotrichum
gloeosporioides Penz.
---

(, 2542; ; 2545; Johnson et al., 1995; Limm and Khoo,
1985)
benomyl 50 %WP, carbendazim 50 %WP, prochloraz 50 % WP,
dithianon (, 2537; 2537a,
2537b, 1999; Suchat, 1995)
benomyl 50 %WP, carbendazim 50 %WP, prochloraz 50 %WP
50-53 oC 5 (, 1997; Somsiri, 1988)

542

glyphosate
48 % 125 ./ 20 80 /

1. 5-10
2.
- lambdacyhalothrin (Karate zeon 2.5% CS)
- thiamethoxam (Actara 25% WG)
- dinotefuron (Starkle 10% WP)
- acetamiprid (Molan 20%SP)
- profenofos (Supercron 50% EC)
- triazophos (Hostathion 40% EC)
- carbosulfan (Posse 20% EC)
- cypermethrin/phosalone (Parzon 6.25/22.5% EC)
- imidacloprid (Confidor 10% SL)
3.
- carbendazim (Carbendazim 50%WP)
- prochloraz (Octave 50 %WP)
543
4. glyphosate 48 %
5.
6. (cylinder) beaker
7. Stereo microscope Compound microscope
8.
9. (incubation chamber) (Hot air oven)
10.
11.
12.
13.
14. ,
15.
16.
17.
2
1

10 /
10 50 %
imidacloprid 10 ./ 20 formetanate
30 / 20 10 /
10 30 %
( )

10 / 10 5 /
50 % lambda cyhalothrin
10 ./ 20 permethrin 10 ./ 20
544

1. (medium pruning)
2. prochloraz 50 %WP 15 / 20 3
() 2 3
15
3. 21
- glyphosate 48 % 125 / 20
80 /
2
-

-
-

2548 2551 . .
2549 IPM
2 3
3
8 4

5 lambdacyhalothrin (Karate zeon 2.5%
545
CS), dinotefuron (Starkle 10% WP), carbosulfan (Posse 20% EC), cabaryl (Sevin 85%)
imidacloprid (Confidor 10% SL) 12 7
lambdacyhalothrin (Karate zeon 2.5% CS), dinotefuron (Starkle 10% WP), acetamiprid
(Molan 20%SP), carbosulfan (Posse 20% EC), cypermethrin/phosalone (Parzon 6.25/22.5%
EC), malathion (Malathion 83% EC) imidacloprid (Confidor 10% SL) 14

( 1 2) IPM

IPM 12.10 /
15.77 /
IPM ( 3) IPM
5 carbaryl (Sevin 85 %WP) 60 / 20
imidacloprid (Confidor 10% SL) lambda-cyhalothrin ((Karate zeon
2.5% CS) 10 ./ 20 carbosulfan (Posse 20% EC) ./ 20
dinotefuran (Starkle 10% WP)
12 1 carbendazim (Carbendazim
50%WP) 12
IPM 4 5
5
20
7 acetamiprid (Molan 20%SP), lambda
cyhalothrin (Karate zeon 2.5% CS), dinotefuron (Starkle 10% WP),
cypermethrin/phosalone (Parzon 6.25/22.5% EC), malathion (Malathion 83% EC),
carbosulfan (Posse 20% EC), imidacloprid (Confidor 10% SL) 14
1 carbendazim (Carbendazim 50%WP) 12
546
5 4

22 IPM 2
IPM 9.09 % ( 3)
IPM ( 4)

IPM 7,655 / 605 /
15 / ( IPM
) IPM 9,075 / 1,420 /
26.06%
7,170 / IPM
548 / 15
/ 8,220 /
IPM 1.19 1.15
2550 IPM 2

20 ()/ ET 2
imidacloprid (Confidor 10% SL) 10 ./ 20
ET 3 lambda cyhalothrin (Karate zeon 2.5%
CS) 10 ./ 20

20% -

30

prochloraz (Octave 50%WP)

3
547

glyphosate
48 % 125 ./ 20 1
IPM 6
3 1 9 ( 3)

3 imidacloprid 10% 10 ./ 20 3
carbaryl 80 %WP 45 / 20 3 cypermethrin/phosalone
6.25/22.5% EC 10 ./ 20 2
carbendazim 50% WP 3 glyphosate 48 % 125 . 20
1 8 3
1 12

IPM ( 4)

IPM 4,420 / 545 / 10 /
5,450 / 1,030 / 18.93%
4,915 / IPM
580 / 8.5 /
4,080 / IPM
1.23 0.83
2551 IPM 2

20 ()/ ET 2
imidacloprid (Confidor 10% SL) 10 ./ 20
548
ET 2 lambda cyhalothrin (Karate zeon 2.5%
CS) 10 ./ 20
prochloraz 25% EC
2 carbendazim 6 8

glyphosate
48 % 125 ./ 20 1
IPM 4
8 1 13 ( 2)

3 imidacloprid (Confidor 100SL 10% SL) 10 ./ 20 3
carbaryl (Sevin 85% WP) 45 / 20 3 cypermethrin/phosalone
(Parzon 6.25/22.5% EC) 10 ./ 20 2
carbendazim 6 cyproconazole 4 glyphosate 48 %
125 . 20 1
8 10
1 19

IPM 2551 ( 4)

IPM 7,765 / 720 / 14 /
10,080 / 2,115 /
23.87%
549
8,120 / IPM
695 / 14 /
9,730 / IPM
1.30 1.20
550
1 (/) 1/ IPM
.. 2549 2551
()
.. 2549
.. 2550
.. 2551
IPM IPM IPM

12.10 1/
0.08
6.67
68.80
0.00
31.30
15.77
0.02
5.75
42.50
0.00
38.08
15.11
0
7.81
86.22
0.00
0
9.45
0
5.02
64.50
0.00
0
10.04
0
12.55
52.05
0.00
0
6.55
0.05
8.12
65.15
0.00
0
0.08
0.05
0.00
0.08
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.08
0.05
0.05
0.05
551
2 IPM
.. 2549 - 2551
.. 2549
/
/
IPM
carbaryl / 4
carbendazim / 12
lambda
cyhalothrin / 3
dinotefuran / 1
carbosulfan / 2
imidacloprid / 2
5 / 12
1 / 12
(/)
acetamiprid / 1 carbendazim / 12
lambda
cyhalothrin / 4
dinotefuran / 1
(/)
(%)
cypermethrin +
pholalone / 2
malathion / 1
carbosulfan / 2
imidacloprid / 3
7 / 14
7.69
1 / 12
.. 2550
/
/
imidacloprid / 3 prochloraz / 3
lambda
cyhalothrin / 3
2/6
1/3
.. 2551
/
/
imidacloprid / 2 prochloraz / 2
lambda
carbendazim / 6
cyhalothrin / 2
2/4
2/8
imidacloprid / 3 carbendazim / 3 imidacloprid / 3 carbendazim / 6

carbaryl / 3
carbaryl / 3 cyproconazole/4
cypermethrin +
pholalone / 2
3/8
18.18
cypermethrin +
pholalone / 2
1/3
3/8
33.34
2 / 10
552
3 IPM
.. 2549 - 2551
+
+
+
+
+
+
paclobutrazol
KNO3
()
( % )
.. 2549
IPM
4
5
5
4
5
5
2
2
.. 2550
IPM
3
5
0
0
3
3
0
0
.. 2551
IPM
2
4
6
6
2
4
0
0
1
0
0
1
1
1
20
9.09
0
0
1
1
0
0
8
20.00
0
0
0
1
1
1
13
23.53
2
1
0
1
1
1
22
0
0
1
1
0
0
10
0
0
0
1
1
1
17
553
4 IPM
.. 2549 - 2551
2549
IPM
1. (/)
1,895
2,010
2. (/) 1,260
1,260
3. (/)
1,200
1,200
4. (/)
400
200
5. (/)
2,900
2,500
(/) ( C )
7,655
7,170
/
605
548
/ (/) ( R )
9,075 1/ 8,2201/
(/)
1,420
1,050
(%) 5/
26.06
( R/C ) 1.19
1.15
1/
2550
2551
IPM IPM
1,420 1,615 2,200 2,550
250
270
1,150 1,200
600
600
1,000 1,000
200
200
400
400
1,950 2,230 3,015 2,970
4,420 4,915 7,765 8.120
545
580
720
695
5,4502/ 4,0803/ 10,0804/ 9,7304/
1,030
835
2.115
610
18.93
23.87
1.23
0.83
1.30
1.20
15 /
10 /
3/
8.5 /
4/
14 /
5/
2/
554
IPM

2549 IPM 7.69%
1.19 1.15
2550 IPM 18.18%
1.23 0.83 2551
IPM 33.34% 1.30
1.20

. . .

. 2544. .
48 - . . 29 - 31.
. 2547.
2547
. . 284 .
555
. 2537. Control of anthracnose disease on Rad-mango : in laboratory,
greenhouse and orchard with nine fungicides. Thesis Master of science in
Agriculture. Kasetsart University, Bangkok. 63 pp.
. 2545. .
. 120
. 1997. Effects of some plant extracts on mango anthracnosefungus
(Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Penz.) Thesis Master of Science in Agriculture
(Plant Pathology). Kasetsart University, Bangkok. 73 pp.
. 2543. . 314 .
. 2542. . . 44 - 63.
.
.
. . 2537a.
. 97-103 .. 2537

. . 2537b.
. 122-125
.. 2537

Somsiri Sangchote. 1988. Botryodiplodia stem end rot of mango and its control.
Page 40-41. in Proceeding of the 6th Methodological Techniques in Biological
Science. 16-17 Nov. 1988. Nakhon Pathom.
Suchat Vichitrananda. 1995. Supporting research in mango pathology. Pages 253276. in Proceedings of the Semi Annual Workshop Integrated Pest
Management in Selected Fruit Trees. 12-14 June 1995. Bangkok.
556
1
Pest Management Control of Longan
1 3 2
4 2
2
2
3
12 3
14
.
. 2 2

()

1 alachior
glyphosate
60
2
1
07-01-49-04-01-01-06-51
557
3
.

20%

1

1.

2550
2551
558
2.
2.1 Pair t-Test 2
1
2

2.2
1.

2. metalaxyl
1 3 1
() 2 ()
3 ( )
metalaxyl
3. metalaxyl
2.3

1
alachior
glyphosate
2.4

2.5
15-15-15
46-0-0 1:1 2-2.5 ./ 2
0-0-60 2.5 . /
15-15-15 46-0-0
1:1 2-2.5 ./
559
3.

1.

.
2
2.
2.1

2.2
1
alachior

glyphosate
60
2.3

2
1

560

(, 2549)

.. 2542-2543
(/
) metalaxyl 25% WP 20 / 20
(,
2542-2543)
Phytophthora palmivora
etridiazole (Terrazole) benalaxyl (Galber) metalaxyl (Ketalaxyl
Apron) metalaxyl+mancozeb (Ridomil MZ) 10, 50, 100, 500
1000 ppm phosethyl AL (Aliette) 10, 50, 100 500 ppm
(, 2544)
(2546)
6 metalaxyl 10 / 1
phosphoric acid 1:1 etridiazole 10 /
1 metalaxyl phosphoric acid
etridiazole phosphoric acid control
5 0-4
7
.. 2550

GAP.
GAP (, 2550)
561

2-3 2-3 (
, 2546)

(2545) HV LV
HV 7.5 /
LV Airblast 2.5-3.5 / 4.5
6.0-6.5

(Petrolium Spray Oil DC Tron plus 83.9% EC)
0.25 0.50 0.125% ( , 2545)
2
1

Technoiogy Generation Experiments (TGE)
(, 2552)

562
. 2542-2543.
: .
14-15 (1-2) : 46-58.

. 2549. . 3-10.
.
2549. 1/8 8 . .
. ..
.
2545. HV LV .
2545.
. 7-8
. 2546.
.
.. 2546. 7-9 2546
. 151.
. 2544. . 2543 1.
2544. 175-206.
. 2546. 2544 1
,
. 2552..

. 1-18.
563
. 2550.
GAP.
/ /
GAP
GAP
26-28 .. 2550
6 5 .
564
Integrated Pest Management of Pummelo

2/
1/
3/
2/
1/ 2/ 3/

5 2

IPM

2550 2551

imidacloprid, profenophos, pretoleum spray oil amitraz
propagite
copper oxychloride mancozeb IPM
1 3
4 8
2
IPM
07-01 49-04-01-01-07-51
565
(Pummelo, Citrus grandis Osb.)

(, 2542)
(, 2537)

(, 2529)
(, 2538)

566

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
10 2

2

10 / // 10
// (
, 2551)

50 (
3 ) petroleum spray oil ( SK99 ) 40 /
20 clothianidin 16%WSG (Dantosu 16% WSG) 5 / 20
imidacloprid (Confidor 100SL 10% SL) 8 ./ 20
-
50
50 10
567
clothianidin 16%WSG (Dantosu 16% WSG) 5 / 20 fipronil
(Ascend 5% SC) 10 ./ 20

clothianidin (Dantosu 16% WSG) 1 20
imidacloprid (Confidor 100SL 10% SL) 8 ./ 20 dinotefuran
(Starkle 10%WP) 4 20 lamdacyhalothrin (Karate Zeon 2.5%
CS) 15 ./ 20
10 / / 10 /
2

10% 20% petroleum
spray oil ( SK99 ) 80 / 20 cypermethrin/phosalone
(Parzon 6.25/22.5% EC) 30 ./20
/ --
80% 20% propagite (Omite 30 30%WP) 30 /
20 amitraz (Mitac 20%EC) 30 ./ 20
10
20% propagite (Omite 30 30%WP) 30 /
20 amitraz (Mitac 20%EC) 30 ./ 20
6
PCR
6

30 / 20
carbendazim 15 / 20 mancozeb
30 / 20 (, 2532)
2
568
- 2
-
- 27.6% 75-100 ./ 20
- ( ) /
-
-
-
-
-
2550 2551

5 2

IPM

2550
2551
imidacloprid, profenophos, pretoleum spray oil
amitraz propagite
copper oxychloride mancozeb IPM
1 3
4 8
2
569
IPM
IPM
IPM
IPM
IPM

. 2551. 2551.
.
, . 295 .
. 2537. . . 18(10) : 142-146.
. 2538. .
. 144 .
. 2542. . . 79-89. .
, , .
. 2529.
570
. . . .
. 2532.
.
571
Integrated Pest Management on Orchids

( IPM )
2551 (
)
( )
7 9 2
3
() ()

2 imidacloprid fipronil 3
prochloraz, captan mancozeb
12 carbosulfan, monocrotophos, dimethoate, imidacloprid,
acephate, methomyl, , abamectin, cypermethrin,tetratriphon,EPN Provado
(imidacloprid)
methomyl, EPN monocrotophos
3 carbendazim,captan
mancozeb
07-01-49-04-01-01-08-51
572
2.40 / 6.38 /
62.35
33.3 44.4

2552
1,806 (, 2546)

(Thrips palmi Karny)

.. 2540

2540, 2541, 2542, 2543, 2544 2545 1.00, 0.81,
0.55, 0.60, 0.28 0.22
(,2546)

2543 2545
2543
45.45
(, 2543) 2544
59.93 (, 2544) 2545
57.64 (, 2545)
573

2551-2553

- 1
- imidacloprid (confidor 10% SL) fipronil (Ascend 20% EC)
- prochloraz (Octave 80% WP) mancozeb (Mancozeb
80% WP)
captan (Captan 50% WP)
-
2 2
(IPM) 1 1
- 7 (40 ,/)
-
- imidacloprid fipronil 20 ./ 20
( 10 /)
- prochloraz, captan mancozeb 30,30,30 / 20
( 5 % 40 ,/)
- 120 /
574

250 /
7 9
(IPM)

() ()
IPM 10-129 / 40 /
44.11 / 40 1
16-327 / 40 / 166.44 /40
IPM ( 1)
IPM 3, 2 3
2 2
( 2)
( 3) IPM
2 imidacloprid fipronil
3 prochloraz, captan mancozeb
5 % 120 /
IPM
12 carbosulfan, monocrotophos,
dimethoate, imidacloprid, acephate, methomyl, , abamectin, cypermethrin,
tetratriphon,EPN provado 3
carbendazim,captan mancozeb 250 /
methomyl
EPN ( , 2551) 1
monocrotophos
575
( 4) IPM
1-3
8 12
4 7
( 5)
IPM 2.4 / ( = 0.78 /,
1.62 /) 6.83 / (
= 3.362 /, 3.012 /)
62.35 %
IPM 8 ( 8
5 ) 12 (
12 9 ) IPM
44.4 %
2552

2551

2.4 2 imidacloprid fipronil
6.4 12
62.35
33.3
44.4
1 2
methomyl, EPN monocrotophos 2552
576
2551. 2551.
. 295 .

. 2543.

2543 150-158.
. 2544.
2544
1-11.
. 2545.
2545
124-125.
, 2546.
21 25 2546.
. 8 .
577
1 40 ,
/
. . 2551
/
1/9 .. 50
2/16 .. 50
3/23 .. 50
4/30 .. 50
5/7 .. 50
6/14 .. 50
7/21 .. 50
8/28 .. 50
9/3 .. 51

/40 /40
6*
129*
6*
85*
39*
0
6*
41*
0
20*
21*
1
1
18*
10
0
34*
11*
10 -129
44.11
1 11
3.44
*
ET. > 10 / 40 /
ET. > 1 / ()
/40 /40
192*
0
327*
0
162*
0
268*
0
203*
0
231*
0
16*
1
0
23*
76*
0
16 327
166.44
0-1
0.11
578
2 40 /
. . 2551
/
1/9 .. 50
2/16 .. 50
3/23 .. 50
4/30 .. 50
5/7 .. 50
6/14 .. 50
7/21 .. 50
8/28 .. 50
9/3 .. 51

0
0
0
0
2.5
0
7.5*
0
0
0
0
22.5*
0
0
2.5
0
0
5
50*
0
0
0
0
5
0
0
22.5*
0
0
0
10*
10*
5
10*
0
25*
0
0
5
2.5
10*
10*
0
0
5
0
0
5
20*
0
22.5*
0
0
0
*
( ET. > 5 %)
579
3
. . 2551
/
(., / 120 /)
(., / 250 /)
1. imidacloprid / 120 .
1. carbosulfan / 100 .
/ 240 .
2. monocrotophos / 100 .*
2. fipronil
/ 120 .
3. dimethoate / 100 .
4. imidacloprid / 100 .
5. acephate / 125 .
6. methomyl / 62.5
100 **
7. / 125
8. abamectin / 100 .
9. cypermethrin / 100 .
10. tetratriphon / 75 .
11. EPN / 100 .**
12. Provado (imidacloprid)
50 87.5
(., / 120 /)
1. prochloraz /180
2. captan /180
3. mancozeb / 180
*
**
(., /
250 /)
1. carbendazim / 62.5
2. captan / 200
3. mancozeb / 100
580
4
. . 2551
()
- imidacloprid ( 2 )
- carbosulfan+ monocrotophos+ dimethoate+
captan+ mancozeb + carbendazim (2 )
- imidacloprid + prochloraz + captan1/ - imidacloprid+ monocrotophos+dimethoate+
(1 )
methomyl + captan + mancozeb ( 1 )
- imidacloprid+ monocrotophos+dimethoate+
- imidacloprid+ mancozeb2/ (1 )
methomyl ( 1 )
- imidacloprid + prochloraz + captan
- methomyl+ acephate + + captan +
(1 )
mancozeb (1 )
- imidacloprid+ mancozeb (1 )
- carbosulfan+ abamectin+ dimethoate+
captan + mancozeb + carbendazim (1 )
- Provado ( 2 )
- fipronil + prochloraz ( 1 )
- cypermethrin+ acephate+ tetratriphon+
captan + mancozeb ( 1 )
- imidacloprid + prochloraz + mancozeb - cypermethrin+ tetratriphon +methomyl+
( 1 )
EPN+ captan + mancozeb (1 )
- carbosulfan+ tetratriphon+ abamectin+
captan + mancozeb + carbendazim (1 )
- imidacloprid + cypermethrin+ tetratriphon +
methomyl+ captan + mancozeb (1 )
8
12
1/
2/ +
581
5

. . 2551
1. (.,/)
-
-
-
- (%)
780
1,620
0
2,400
62.35 %
3,362.50
3,012.50
0
6,375.00
2. ()
- ()
8
(%)
33.3 %
- ( )
5
(%) 44.4 %
3. ( / )
(%)
120
52 %
12
9
250
582
Integrated Pest Management of Tangerine

1/ 4/ 2/
3/
1/
2/
1/ 4/ 2/
1/ 2/ 3/
24/
2551 4
2 2 1 (IPM) 2
IPM 1-2

ET

1
IPM
2 dinotefuran 4 / 20

1 2
80 10 . 20

07-01-49-04-01-01-06-51
583
IPM IPM

IPM 2
140 ai / 1
2

2,823 /

115
17.87% 2 22.92%
(, 2542)

584

(IPM)

-

1.
2.

- flufenoxuron (Cascade5%EC)
- fipronil (Ascend 5% SC)
- lamdacyhalothrin (Karate Zeon 2.5% CS)
- propagate (Omite 30 30%WP)
- amitraz (Mitac 20%EC)
- paraquat 27.6%
- copper oxychloride
3.
4. ()
5. /
6. ,
1.
2
-
-
2.
4 2 2
2

585
10 / // 10
//

50 (
3 ) petroleum spray oil ( SK99 ) 40 /
20 clothianidin 16%WSG (Dantosu 16% WSG) 5 / 20
-
50
50 10
clothianidin 16%WSG (Dantosu 16% WSG) 5 / 20 carbosulfan
(Posse 20% SC) 40 ./ 20

clothianidin (Dantosu 16% WSG) 1 20
imidacloprid (Confidor 100SL 10% SL) 8 ./ 20 dinotefuran
(Starkle 10%WP) 4 20 lamdacyhalothrin (Karate Zeon 2.5%
CS) 15 ./ 20
10 / / 10 /
2
/ - () 10 /
50% ( 2 ) propagite (Omite
30 30%WP) 30 / 20 amitraz (Mitac 20%EC) 30 ./ 20
() 10 /
5 / 50%
propagite (Omite 30 30%WP) 30 / 20 amitraz (Mitac 20%EC)
30 ./ 20
586

- IPM
(marks) 20
- PCR
(Nakashima et al., 1996)
-
ELISA (Schwarz and Prommintara, 1973)
- 3

30 / 20
- IPM
(marks) 10
-
(marks) (..-..) ( :
/ )

25%WP 80-100
/ 20
40-60 ./ 20
- ()
- 2
- 3, 6 9
()
- 6
-
587
- ( )
/
-
-
-
-
. . 2551-2553
IPM (
) (-) 3 14
IPM 2 dinotefuran
4 / 20
1 2
80 10 . 20
: IPM
IPM
20 40
PCR
ELISA
( 1)
( 1 2)
: IPM
5 Phytophthora parasitica soil dilution plate
Phytophthora parasitica
588
4 0.5x0.5

IPM 2
140 ai / 1
2

10-11

. 2542.
.... . 181 .
589

1
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
Positive control
Negative control
+
-

+
-
IPM
+
-
+
-
590
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
1,500 bp
1,200 bp
1,000 bp
1,160 bp
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
1,500 bp
1,200 bp
1,000 bp
1,160 bp
1 PCR
() IPM ()
lane 1
= Marker 100 bp plus
lane 2
= Positive control *
lane 3-15 =
lane 16 =
lane 17 =
*
=
591
2 ELISA
IPM
plate ELISA
592
Study on Effect of Stemona sp.and Derris sp. on Animal Pests

* *

2551 2550 2551

DOADOA0.5mg/kg,1mg/kg, 3 mg/kg, 6 mg/kg,
10mg/kg,15 mg/kg,25 mg/kg 30 mg/kg
10
0.5 mg/kg, 1 mg/kg, 3 mg/kg,6 mg/kg,10 mg/kg,15 mg/kg25 mg/kg 30mg/kg
10%,30%,40%,50%,70%,80%,90% 100%
3.69 (Table1,2
Figure 1) 10 mg/kg 20 mg/kg
3 mg/kg 5 mg/kg
50%,90% 0% 70%
2 10
0.2%2%
2552
07-01-49-05
*
593

1,000

(phytosanitary)
(2541)
Sarcocystis singaporensi (2539)

1.
1.1 DOA

1.2 ( Bandicota indica ) , (Bandicota savilei),
(Rattus rattusi) (Mus cervicolor)
1.3
1.4

1.5 10 x 13 x 13 8 x 9 x14
1.6 stereo microscope
594
1.7 ( Feeding tube)
1.8 beaker, petri dish ,
pararfin,blood lancet
1.9 alcohol ,diethyl ether,xyline, dioxan,

2 (Experimental Design) : CRD(Completely Randomized Design)
( Treatment )
1 9 10 ( 5 5 )
1 DOA 0.5 mg/kg,
2 DOA 1 mg/kg
3 DOA 3 mg/kg
4 DOA 6 mg/kg
5 DOA 10 mg/kg
6 DOA 15 mg/kg
7 DOA 25 mg/kg
8 DOA 30 mg/kg
9
2 3 10 ( 5 5 )
1 DOA 10 mg/kg,
2 DOA 20 mg/kg
3
3 3 10 ( 5 5 )
1 DOA 3 mg/kg,
2 DOA 5 mg/kg
3
595
3 3 10 ( 5 5 )
1 DOA 0.2 %
2 DOA 2%
3
3 . (Methods or cultural Practice)
3.1

2
2 12
1 DOA
ASTM (1977) 0.5 mg/kg,1 mg/kg,3 mg/kg,6 mg/kg,
10 mg/kg, 15 mg/kg, 25 mg/kg, 30 mg/kg
4-5 400-500 90
10 ( 5 5 )
2
Finney, 1971
3.2

2
2 12
2 DOA
ASTM (1977) 10 mg/kg,20 mg/kg
4-5 300-400 30
10 ( 5 5 )
2
Finney, 1971
596
3 DOA
ASTM (1977) 3 mg/kg,5 mg/kg
3-4 10-20
30 10 ( 5 5 )
2
Finney, 1971
3.3

2
2 12
4 ( 15%
15% 15% 5% 15% 5% 20%
10%) 0.2% 2% 2
10
1 3
(Observation or Measurements)
1.
2.
3. 3
4.

: 2548 2553 5
:
2551 2550 2551

DOA DOA
0.5 mg/kg, 1 mg/kg, 3 mg/kg, 6 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg,15 mg/kg,25 mg/kg 30
597
mg/kg 10
14
0.5 mg/kg, 1 mg/kg, 3 mg/kg,6 mg/kg,10 mg/kg,15 mg/kg 25 mg/kg30
mg/kg 10%,30%,40%,50%,70%,80%,90% 100%

3.69 (Table1,2 Figure 1)
10 mg/kg 20 mg/kg 3 mg/kg 5 mg/kg
50%,90%
0% 70% (
15% 15% 15% 5% 15%
5% 20% 10%) 0.2% 2%
2 10
2 10 0.2% 2%

. 2529.
2529.
. .19
. 2539.
, Rattus losea.
70-79.

. 2541.
2541. .
. 2535.
.
.
598
. 2539.
.

264-265.
. 2540.
(Datura metel Linn.) .
2541 .
. 2545. Nicotiana tabacum Linn.
Oreochromis niloticus Linn.
.
138 .
. 2520.
. 31 11 33-34.
. 2542.
. .
. 24 2542.
. 2532.
.

82-92.
. 2543.
2543
14.

. 2540. Sarcocystis singaporensis .

10-16.
. 2540.
. 2540 8-10
2540 . 84-92.
. 2536.
. () 27:336-340.
599
. 2534.
() 25-35
2534
7-9 2534 .
. 2534.
. 7-9
2534 .
Alba, M.C;Vertosio, E; Palis FV.,Macatula RF. 1993. The effect of botanicl and chemical
pesticides against golden apple snail (Pomacea sp.) in rice Pest Management
Coumcil of the Philippines, Cebu City. 4-7 May 1993.
Areekul, S.; Sinchaisri, P. and Tigvatananon, S. 2531. Effect of Thai Plant Extracts on
Oriental Fruit Fly ll Repellency Test Kasetsart J. (Nat.Sci.) 22:56-61.
Dubock, Ac. 1979. The development and practial use of the novel anticoagulant
rodenticide brodifacoum. Paper Preseted at the 25 th Aniversary Symposium of
Chinese Plant Protection Society, Taiwan.15p.
Fukami H. and Nakajima M. 1971. Rotenone and the Rotenoids. In Naturally Occurring
Insecticides. (Eds). M. Jacobson and D.G. Crosioy. Marcel Dekker, Inc. N.Y.
Grainge M. and Ahmed S. 1988. Handbook of Plants with Pest-Control Properties. A
Wiley-Insecticides Publication John Wiley & Sons. New York. 262 pp.
Godfrey, M.E.R. 1984. Acute toxicity of brodifacoum to wallabies, Macropus rufogrisens
New Zealand J. Exp. Agr. 12:63-64.
600
Table 1 Percent kill of the bandicoot rat (Bandicota indica) after Derris sp. Extract was
administered by stomach tube using water as carrier.
Dose of Derris sp Log dose
%Kill
Empirical probits Expected probits
(mg/kg)
(x)
(y)
0.5
-0.3010
10
3.72
1.003
1.0
0.0000
30
448
2.017
3.0
0.4771
40
4.75
4.476
6.0
0.7782
50
5.00
60225
10.0
1.0000
70
5.52
7.387
15.0
1.1761
80
5.84
8.157
25.0
1.3979
90
6.28
8.900
30.0
1.4771
100
7.40
9.104
Table 2 Comparison of observed mortality,r and expected mortality,nP for testing

Derris sp. Against Bandicota indica
Log dose
Probability
No. of rats
(x)
Expected
probits
(y)
(P)
(n)
-0.3010
0.0000
0.4771
0.7782
1.0000
1.1761
1.3979
1.4771
1.003
2.017
4.476
6.225
7.387
8.157
8.900
9.104
0.1003
0.2017
0.4476
0.6225
0.7387
0.8157
0.8900
0.9104
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
No. affected
Observed Expected
(r)
(nP)
1
3
4
5
7
8
9
10
1.003
2.017
4.476
6.225
7.387
8.157
8.900
9.104
r-nP
X2=(r-nP)2/nP(1-P)
-0.003
0.983
-0.476
-1.225
-0.387
-0.157
0.100
0.896
0.0000079973
0.6001157260
0.091636851
0.638580813
0.077591548
0.016396211
0.010214504
0.984182776
Pool X2 = 2.418735719
Probit of kill
601
-0.5
y = 4.7919x + 2.3115
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
R2 = 0.9945
0.5
1.5
Log dose of Derris extract
Figure 1 Dose-effect curve of Derris sp. extract against the bandicoot rat
(Bandicota indica)
602

Study on Stemona sp. and Derris sp. for Controlling of Golden Apple Snail
and Land Snails
1 1 1
2
2
1
2
2549
6 CRD 5
4 0.05 0.1 .
2 4 0.025 0.05 .
0.75 1.0
0.5 1.0. 3.0 5.0
72
100, 100, 33.0 0.95, 1000 % 70.0
1.41, 100, 25.0 1.06, 66.66 0 0 % 83.330.5, 100,
16.670.57, 16.670.57 0% 66.660.81, 100, 25.00.5,
66.661.41 , 0 % 0, 100, 0, 0 0 %
50.01.73, 100, 0, 00 % 25.01.5, 75.01.41,
8.330.5, 8.330.5 0 % 2550

6
24 7
72 2551
07-01-49-05
603
1 5 8/
RCB 5 4 3 5.
4
5. 31.25 ,25.0 %6.25 ,0 %

( Barker and Addison,1992 )

(Srivastava,1992)
(Watson et. al.,1989 )

(,2542)

(Port and Port,1986 )

(, 2539) (Hostettmann et. al.,1991)
(, 2546)
604
1.
- Pomacea canaliculata Lamark
- 6 (Succinea sp. ) (Ovachamys
fulgens) (Achatina fulica ) (Cryptozona siamensis )
(Prosopeas walkeri ) (Sarika sp. )
2.
- 75 300
- 1
-
-
-
- cover glass
-
3.
-
- 70 ,95 100 %
- 10 %
-
-
4. 5.7 %

1. 2549
2. 2550
605
3. 2551
1.
-
5.7 %
-
2.
2.1 .

2.2 .
.300

2.3 .
. 300
3.
3.1 42.36
. 1,000 . 500 . 3
0.05 0.1. 2.0 4.0
CRD 5 4 24,48, 72
3.2
8.4, 4.7 9.56 .75
5
0.025 0.05 .. 0.75 1.0
606
CRD 5 4 24, 48 72
3.3.
27.56,18.06 . 75.95.
300 3
0.5 1.0 .
3.05.0 CRD 5 4
24, 48 72
4.
24 1 10 %
24 1-2
70% (embedding)
6
cover glass
5.
1 5 8/
RCB 5 4 3 5.

6.
6.1 24, 48 72 4
6.2
2548 2551

1.
1.1 24 0.050.1
607
. 2.0 4.0
50.00.5, 100, 16.660.57, 75.0 0.82 0 %
1.2 48 0.050.1
. 2.0 4.0
100, 100, 25.00.57, 100 0 %
1.3 72 0.050.1
. 2.0 4.0
100, 100, 33.00.95, 100 0 %
2.
2.1 24 0.025
0.05 . 0.75 1.0
65.01.25, 100, 25.00.81, 50.00.57 0 %
2.2 48 0.025
0.05 . 0.75 1.0
65.01.25, 100, 25.00.50, 66.660.50 0 %
2.3 72 0.025
0.05 . 0.75 1.0
70.01.41, 100, 25.01.06, 66.660.5 0 %
3.
3.1 24 0.025
0.05 . 0.75 1.0
66.660.50,91.660.50,16.670.57,16.670.57 0 %
3.2 48 0.025
0.05 . 0.75 1.0
75.00.57, 100, 16.670.57, 16.670.57 0 %
3.3 72 0.025
0.05 . 0.75 1.0
83.330.50, 100, 16.670.57, 16.670.57 0 %
4.
4.1 24 0.025
608
0.05 . 0.75 1.0
58.331.15, 100, 8.330.5, 33.331.15 0 %
4.2 48 0.025
0.05 . 0.75 1.0
58.330.81, 100, 16.661.0, 66.661.41 0 %
4.3 72 0.025
0.05 . 0.75 1.0
66.660.95, 100, 25.00.50, 66.660.57 0 %
5.
5.1 24 0. 5
1.0
. 3.0 5.0
0, 66.66 0.81 , 0, 0 0 %
5.2 48 0. 5
1.0
. 3.0 5.0
0, 100, 0, 0 0 %
5.3 72 0. 5
1.0
. 3.0 5.0
0, 100, 0, 0 0 %
6.
6.1 24 0. 5 1.0
. 3.0 5.0
0, 100, 0, 0 0 %
6.2 48 0. 5 1.0
. 3.0 5.0
50.01.73, 100, 0, 0 0 %
6.3 72 0. 5 1.0
. 3.0 5.0
50.01.73, 100, 0, 0 0 %
609
7.
7.1 24 0. 5
1.0 . 3.0 5.0
0 %
7.2 48 0. 5
1.0 . 3.0 5.0
16.661.0, 66.661.41, 0, 0 0 %
7.3 72 0. 5
1.0 . 3.0 5.0
25.01.5, 75.01.41, 8.330.5, 8.330.5 0 %
1.
6

(1)

2.2. 6

(2 )
610

1. 3 .
5.
4 6.25,12.50,31.25,25.0 0%
2. 3 .
5.
4 0.0,0.0,6.25,0.0 0%
6

(
, 2546)
7

5. 50%

. 2542. .
. 5 .
. 2539. .
18(1 ) 55-60.
. 2546.
.
41 . 393-401.
611
Barker, G.M. and P.J. Addison. 1992. Pest Status of Slug in Two New Zealand Partures.
Crop Protection 11 439 - 442.
Hostettmann, K.,M. Hostettmann and A. Marston. 1991. Saponins. pp. 435-471. In B. V.
Chariwood and D. V. Banthorpe ( ed.) Vol. 7 of Methods in Plant Biochemistry.
J.B. Harborne and P. M. Dey ( ed.) Terpenoids. Academic Press. London.
Port, G. R.,J. M. Hogan and C. M. Port. 1992. Factors affecting the time of slug control in
winter wheat. Pp. 257-261.In Proceeding of the Ninth International Malacological
Congress, 1986. Unitas Malacologica the Netherland.
Watson, R.N., R.A.S.Kipp and B.I.P. Barratt. 1989. Initiatives in Pest and desease control
in New Zealand towards in Proving legume production and persistence. pp 441464. In G.C. Marten A.G. Matches ,R.F. Barnes, R.N. Brongham, R.J. Clementes
and G.R. Sheath (ed.) Persistence of Forage Legumes, American Society of
Agronomy Crop Science Society of America / Soil Science Society of America,
Madison Wisconsin.
1 6
72
0.05 .
0.1 .
100
100
0.025 . 0.05 .
70.0 1.41
100
83.330.50 100
66.660.95 100
0.5 .
1 .
0.0
100
50.0 1.33
100
33.5 1.50 75 1.41
1
2
33.0 0.95 100
0.0
0.75 1
25.0 1.06 66.66 0.50
0.0
25.0 0.81 16.66 0.50
0.0
25.0 0.95 66.66 0.57
0.0
3
5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
8.33 0.50 8.33 0.50
0.0
612
1 .
6 72

613
2
6 48
7 72
614
: II.
Research on Allelochemical Effect of Wild Spikenard (Hyptis suaveolens

Poit.) for Weed Control :II. Efficacy of Wild Spikenard (Hyptis suaveolens
Poit.) Water Extracted Substances Stored in Room Temperature

28-33
1- 8

1 2.5 5

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
.
. 14 . 1-4
. 5 - 8
.
( 2528 )
( 2542 )

07-01-49-05-01-02-09-51:1
615

(Rice,1984 )
(2543) ( Trianthema portulacastrum Linn.)
(
2542 )

28-33
1 .

100
100 500 1 (
)

616
28-33 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

1 . 1
2 . 2
3 . 3
4 . 4
5 . 5
6 . 6
7 . 7
8 . 8
2
.
. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
1.0 2.5 5.0

. 2
1
2
1 1 .
20
1
2 1 1.0
3 1 2.5
4 1 5.0
4
7
617
2 1 .
20
1
2 1 1.0
3 1 2.5
4 1 5.0
4
7
.
2-8
. 1
2549 - 2551
1.
2.
. 28-33 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
8 1.0 2.5 5.0 .
1
. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1.0
6.92 8.4 5.01 5.52 12.30 28.41 12.96 9.86

2.5 4.86 6.02 3.74 4.33 9.49 6.89 13.26
10.86 3.06 3.86 3.79 6.99 11.54 5.62
7.55 5.0
. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
618
1

. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
1.0 2.5 5.0
( 2)
.
( 3)
.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1.0
78.5 86.02 85.16 89.07 99.22 99.26 159.84 123.82
2.5
45.84 33.24 33.21 36.17 43.66 53.02 125.06 141.87
5.0 20.34 12.43
11.84 14.85 15.34 17.77 69.66 86.59
( 4) .
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1.0
94.03 119.81 109.63 114.88 137.63 134.62 126.35 147.29
2.5
73.51 83.77 91.16 110.29 122.56 110.26 92.86 125.27
5.0 69.69
68.02 56.8 71.39 85.13 94.1 97.95 110.5
( 5) .
( 6)
619
50
1
Linear (1 )
Root length(% of Control)
40
2.5
Linear (5.0 )
5.0
Linear (2.5 )
30
20
10
0
1W
2W
3W
4W
5W
6W
7W
8W
()
1. ( Hyptis suaveolens Poit.) .

( Lactus sativus L.)
1
Linear (1 )
140
Shoot length(% of Control)
120
2.5
Linear (5.0 )
5.0
Linear (2.5 )
100
80
60
40
20
0
1W
2W
3W
4W
5W
6W
7W
()
8W

620
1
Linear (1 )
140
2.5
Linear (2.5 )
5.0
Linear (5.0 )
Dry weight(% of Control)
120
100
80
60
40
1W
2W
3W
4W
5W
6W
7W
()
8W

1
Linear (1 )
180
160
2.5
Linear (2.5 )
5.0
Linear (5.0 )
Root length(% of Control)
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
-20
1W
2W
3W
4W
5W
6W
7W
()
8W

(Echinochloa crus-gali Beauv.)
621
1
Linear (1 )
180
160
2.5
Linear (2.5 )
5.0
Linear (5.0 )
Shoot length(% of Control)
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
1W
2W
3W
4W
5W
6W
7W
()
8W

175
Dry weight(% of Control)
150
2.5
5.0
Linear (1 )
Linear (2.5 )
Linear (5.0 )
125
100
75
1W
2W
3W
4W
5W
6W
7W
()
8W

622
.
28-33 1-8
. 1-4
. 5-8

.
28-33 4
4
28-33
1-4 5-8
.
28-33 4
4
623
2528.
I. 2528 718-725.
2542. (Hyptis
suaveolens. Poit.)
2542
, 9-10 2542 .
1-25
2543. ( Trianthema
portulacastrum Linn.)

, 14 16 2543 . . 14 21
624
:. III.
Research on Allelochemical Effect of Wild Spikenard (Hyptis suaveolens

Poit.) for Weed Control : III. Study on Appropiated Rate of Wild Spikenard
(Hyptis suaveolens Poit.) Water Extracted Use As Pre-emergence
and Post emergence

3 1: 3 1: 4 1: 5 (:)

2 1. 2.

4
7 5%
1: 3 10% 2

4 1: 3
15%
1- 4
4 1-2
07-01-49-05-01-02-09-51:2
625
(
2528 )
( 2542 )
( 2550 )

( 2542 )
( 2545 )

(2549)
-
-
-

-
-
-
626
-
-
-
2
1
3 1./
5 (1:5), 1./ 4 (1:4), 1.
/ 3 (1:3),
10

2
1. (Pre-emergence)
2. (Post-emergence)
1.

16 1 3
1./ 5 , 1./ 4 ,
1./ 3
1
2 1./ 5
3 1./ 4
4 1./ 3
4
627
1.
3
2. 4
3. 4
4.
2.
16 3-5 2-3

1
1.
2. 4
3. 4
4.
8.
: 2549 2551
:
1
2
3 1: 3, 1: 4 1: 5 ( : )
3 3

3 1- 4

1, 2 3
1 1
3
93.86-105.55, 93.42-97.59 96.24-101.47
98.71-108.42, 88.55 -95.68
97.33-102.58 2 3
103.84-111.58, 93.88-
628
103.03 99.32-104.85
109.89-111.82, 94.49-121.6 100.63-110.53 3
3
106.73-112.68, 95.25-98.04 97.25-100.52
108.90-109.63, 89.349-121.71 103.46-108.56
4 3
102.66-108.84, 96.15-98.57
93.62-98.54 92.88-120.84,
89.53-126.95 96.88-110.42
2 1 3

90.04-100.66, 100.93-108.8, 97.14-116, 100.91-107.73
88.12-102.31 2
91.77-100.74, 97-103.93, 89.58-123.38,
102.66-111.83 88.46-100.29 3
93.62-103.54, 99.60-102, 88-109.17,
103.6-110.79 93.9-104.78 4
90.11-100, 96.83-106.81, 99.77,
109.77, 100.41-103.02 67.63-108.93
3 1: 5 - 1: 3 1

99.57-109.36, 91.25-135, 81.55-93.2, 93.13-108.75, 116.07-155.36
71.68-113.53 2
97.31122.31, 103.08-126.77, 86.94-95.52, 98.86-110.27, 122.31-152.31 76.81-101.76
3
82.69-115.7, 110.09-120.54,
89.11-95.05, 105.05-119.78, 120.83-132.87 80.31-105.85
4
76.86-103.13, 104.32-115.51, 95.29-101.75,
629
110.31-125.46, 127.38-128.95 71.18-89.75
4 5

3 1: 3, 1: 4 1: 5

3
1- 4
4
1: 3 1: 4 1: 5
6, 7 8
6 1-4

1-4 1: 3, 1: 4 1: 5
94.91-97.73, 93.29-100.49 95.08-100.55 90.05- 93.09,
98.3-104.64 98.87-103.70 100.64-101.47, 104.47105.27 103.13-105.18 89.61-98.89, 105.65115.84 104.3-108.09 108.08-112.59, 98.01-106.91 100.52109.63 96.65-103.72, 92.04-97.52 94.75-107.12
7 1-4
1: 3, 1: 4 1: 5
89.07-113.15, 93.02-97.40 100.15-106.73 81.5290.79, 89.39-94.07 88.33-111.11 105.98-120.22, 97.84-105.98
92.7-109.48 105.65-112.54, 110.02-120.78 100.82-108.6
110.25-114.07, 116.06-126.27 111.96-122.51
8 1-4
1: 3, 1: 4 1: 5
104.37-122.31, 120.92-132.86 105.15-141.03 87.0791.33, 99.95-114.91 94.00-114.04 . 98.46-107.77, 71.58-86.82
630
102.08-113.12 85.19-87.91, 90.96-117.67 94.49110.61 92.08-129.27, 95.34-113.3 107.6-121.47
76.61-84.71, 66.6-82.42 87.67-101.52
1: 3, 1: 4 1: 5
9 10

1: 5, 1: 4 1: 3
20
10
631
% of control
1:3
1:4
1:5
120
120
120
100
100
100
80
80
80
60
60
60
40
40
40
20
20
20
1W
2W
3W
0
1W
4W
140
140
140
2W
3W
4W
1W
140
120
120
100
100
100
80
80
80
60
60
60
40
40
40
20
20
20
0
1W
2W
3W
3W
4W
3W
4W
140
120
2W
4W
1W
2W
3W
1W
4W
2W
()
1.
105
1:3
1:4
140
1:5
120
100
100
95
80
90
60
40
85
20
80
% of control
1W
2W
3W
140
1W
4W
140
120
120
100
100
80
80
60
60
40
40
20
20
2W
1W
2W
3W
4W
4W
200
150
100
50
0
3W
1W
2W
3W
4W
1W
2W
3W
()
2.
4W
632
1:3
1:4
1:5
140
140
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
% of control
120
120
100
100
80
80
60
60
40
40
20
20
1W
2W
3W
140
0
1W
4W
2W
3W
4W
1W
140
120
120
100
100
100
80
80
80
60
60
60
40
40
40
20
20
20
0
1W
2W
3W
3W
4W
1W
2W
3W
4W
1W
2W
3W
()
1:3 1:4 1:5
% of control
3.
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
4W
140
120
2W
1:3 1:4 1:5
220
200
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
4.
4W
633
1:3
220
1:4
1:5
170
% of control
120
70
-30
20
5.
1:3
1:4
% of control
102
100
98
96
94
92
90
88
1:5
120
120
100
100
80
80
60
60
40
40
20
20
1W
2W
3W
140
0
1W
4W
140
140
2W
3W
4W
1W
140
120
120
100
100
100
80
80
80
60
60
60
40
40
40
20
20
20
0
1W
2W
3W
4W
3W
4W
3W
4W
140
120
2W
1W
2W
3W
4W
1W
2W
()
6.
634
120
1:3
1:4
140
1:5
120
100
100
80
80
60
60
40
40
20
20
% of control
1W
2W
3W
140
4W
1W
140
120
120
100
100
80
80
60
60
40
40
20
20
2W
3W
2W
3W
4W
200
150
100
50
0
0
1W
4W
1W
2W
3W
1W
4W
2W
3W
4W
()
7.
1:3
% of control
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
1:4
140
140
1:5
120
120
100
100
80
80
60
60
40
40
20
20
1W
2W
3W
140
0
1W
4W
2W
3W
4W
1W
140
120
120
100
100
100
80
80
80
60
60
60
40
40
40
20
20
20
0
1W
2W
3W
4W
3W
4W
140
120
2W
1W
2W
3W
4W
1W
2W
3W
()
8.
4W
1:5
1:4
1:3
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
% of control
635
1:3
220
200
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
1:4
1:5
9.
220
1:3
1:4
1:5
170
70
-30
20
% of control
120
10.
636

2528. I.
2528 718-725.
2542. (Hyptis suaveolens. Poit.)
2542
, 9-10
2542 . 1-25
2542.
1 7-8 2542
214-219

2545.
2545 28-30 2545 .
. . 211-222
2549. : IV.
(Chromolaena odorata (L.) R.M. King & H.
Robinson)
2549
4/2550 196-207
2550. (Hyptis suaveolens. Poit.)
: I.
2550
3/2551 735-746
637
Allelopathic potential of some invasive plants in Thailand and

their utilization for weed control

(Muenscher, 1981)
- 29 . 130 .
- (Ikeda Scientific Co.Ltd., G3-28)
- 20 . 18 .
-
-
1

0.3% 10 . 0 () 0.01, 0.05, 0.1
0.5 10 . 3 (3 )
6
07-01-49-05-01-02-07-50
638
(30 ) (24 ) 7
=
(1) x 100 %

2
1 10

20 2 0 () 1.0, 5.0 10 3
2

1
2550 2553
1
74 ( 1) 90
47
80% 0.1 0.5 ( 2)
1.
Achyranthes aspera L.
Acrachne racemosa (Roem. & Schult.) Ohwi
Acrachne racemosa (Heyne ex Roth) Ohwi
Ageratina adenophora (Spreng.) R.M.King & H.Rob.
Alternanthera sessilis (L.) DC.
Ammannia baccifera L.
Ammnonnia baccifolia L.
Antigonon leptopus Hook. & Arn.
Ardisia ionantha K.Larsen & C.M.Hu
Bidens pilosa L.var.radiata Sch.Biq.
Boerhavia chinensis (L.) Asch. & Schweinf
Boerhavia diffusa L.
Boerhavia erecta L.
-
-
639
Boerhavia sp.
Calotropis gigantea (L.) Dryander ex W.T.Aiton
Calotropis gigantea (L.) Dryander ex W.T.Aiton
Cardiospermum halicacabum L.
Senna tora (L.) Roxb.
Chenopodium ambrosoides L.
Mexican tea
Chrozophora rottleri (Geiseler) A.Juss. ex Spreng.
Cleome gynandra L.
Cleome rutidosperma DC.
Cleome viscosa L.
Coccinia grandis (L.) Voigt
Corchorus aestuans L.
Corchorus capsularis L.
Cyanotis axillaris Roem. & Schult.
Cynodon nlemfuensis Vanderyst
Digera muricata (L.) Mart.
Drymaria diandra Blume
Echinochloa colona (L.) Link
Eclipta prostrata (L.) L.
Euphorbia hirta L.

Euphorbia hirta L.

Euphorbia sp.
Glinus lotoides L.
Grangea maderaspatana (L.) Poir.
Gymnocoronis spilanthoides (D. Don ex Hook. & Arn.) DC.. - inv

Heliotropium indicum L.
Heliotropium indicum L.
Heliotropium sp.
-
Hiptage benghalensis (L.) Kurz
Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit.
Imperata cylindrica (L.) P.Beauv.
Ipomoea aquatica L.
640
Lantana camara L.
Leptchloa chinensis L.
Sesbania javanica Miq.
Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit
Limnocharis flava L.
Lonicera japonica Thunb.
Melochia corchorifolia L.
Mikania micrantha Kunth.
Mimosa invisa Mart.0
Mimosa pudica L.
Momordica charantin L.
Muntingia calabura L.
Neptunia plena (L.) Benth.
Paederia linearis Hook.f.
Paederia sp.
Paederia sp.
Panicum repens L.
Passiflora foetida L.
Pentapetes phoeniceal L.
Phyla nodiflora (L.) Greene
Physalis minima L.
Praxelis clematidea (Griseb.) R.M.King & H.Rob
Rottboellia exaltata L.f.
Sphaeranthus africanus L.
Stachytarpheta indica (L.) Vahl
Stachytarpheta jamaicensis (L.) Vahl
Synedrella nodiflora (L.) Gaertn.
Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels
Tribulus terrestris L.
Tridax procumbens L.
Typha angustifolia L.
-
- ()
- ()
641
Wedelia trilobata (L.) Hitchc.
Xanthium indicum Koenig
2
(%)
0.01R 0.05R 0.1R

M. micrantha Kunth.
51.06 84.74 92.85
B. diffusa L.
59.98 98.98 98.42
B.chinensis (L.) Asch. & Schweinf
37.96 88.67 96.20
L. leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit
65.29 90.08 95.35
P. minima L.
79.25 95.59 94.77
W. trilobata (L.) Hitchc.
47.50 56.22 94.53
C. gynandra L.
47.76 88.62 94.22
P. foetida L.
64.60 86.66 94.02
C. aestuans L.
49.51 95.77 93.46
B. pilosa L.var.radiata
78.11 89.57 93.33
S. jamaicensis (L.) Vahl
49.81 85.14 93.21
D. muricata (L.) Mart.
64.98 91.13 92.71
C. grandis (L.) Voigt
71.41 97.49 92.37
T. terrestris L.
45.71 77.82 91.59
Boerhavia sp.
38.75 90.65 91.36
48.15 91.85 91.11
P. phoeniceal L.
A. aspera L.
72.95 85.82 90.67
A. baccifera L.
43.59 81.26 90.44
- T. angustifolia L.
20.29 82.07 88.98
- B. erecta L.
58.72 87.80 88.27
A. racemosa (Heyne ex Roth) Ohwi
63.42 80.33 88.09
L. flava
48.65 73.53 87.96
C. rutidosperma
52.38 84.56 87.37
H. indicum L.
61.57 70.90 87.31
0.5R
99.24
93.98
98.42
98.29
100.00
96.07
100.00
94.15
95.34
96.41
100.00
93.50
96.85
98.62
99.21
98.52
98.88
90.82
89.10
92.71
92.58
90.10
93.57
94.03
642
0.01R
C. halicacabum L.
51.96
X. indicum Koenig
55.50
S. nodiflora (L.) Gaertn.
60.17
T. procumbens L.
47.00
- T. angustifolia L.
10.84
C. viscosa
54.10
D. diandra Blume
48.83
L. chinensis
1.49
H. indicum L.
62.87
G. maderaspatana (L.) Poir.
53.54
H. benghalensis (L.) Kurz
52.99
- A. baccifolia L.
63.48
M .invisa Mart.
34.77
31.90
A. adenophora (Spreng.) R.M.King & H.Rob.
P. nodiflora (L.) Greene
32.70
I. cylindrica (L.) P.Beauv.
3.92
A. leptopus Hook. & Arn.
-17.80
C. gigantea (L.) Dryander ex W.T.Aiton
35.33
S. indica (L.) Vahl
25.17
M. calabura L.
39.79
- Heliotropium sp.
21.18
P. nodiflora (L.) Greene
59.90
C. nlemfuensis Vanderyst
44.09
(%)
0.05R 0.1R 0.5R
76.31 87.09 91.67
82.33 86.57 100.00
92.86 86.50 89.33
81.00 86.50 97.83
62.21 86.43 90.31
75.56 85.45 98.69
76.17 85.33 93.83
66.54 85.14 86.66
79.85 84.89 90.86
79.92 84.70 98.72
73.69 83.77 84.89
88.91 83.56 90.82
81.60 83.39 93.67
84.88 82.32 95.10
82.57 81.54 84.47
76.31 81.54 94.28
67.00 81.30 98.90
77.30 81.17 92.00
74.00 81.00 83.67
76.58 80.65 99.13
78.92 80.16 92.28
76.58 80.16 83.74
80.02 80.05 86.14
2
1 15 0.1
M. micrantha Kunth. B. diffusa L.
B.chinensis (L.) Asch. & Schweinf L. leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit P.
minima L. W. trilobata (L.) Hitchc. C. gynandra L. P.
643
foetida L. C. aestuans L. B. pilosa L.var.radiata S.
jamaicensis (L.) Vahl D. muricata (L.) Mart. C. grandis (L.) Voigt
T. terrestris L. Boerhavia sp
Muenscher, W.C. 1981. Weeds 2nd ed. Cornell University Press. USA. 586p
644
Effect of crude extract from Tamarind leaf on growth of some weeds and
its utilization for weed control

(Coronel, 1991)
(Parvez et al., 2003)

29 . 130 .
- 90 .
- (Whatman no.4)
- 20 . 18 .
-
-
3
07-01-49-05-01-02-07-50
645
-

-
-
0 () 0.01, 0.05, 0.1 0.5
0.3% 10 . 3
10 . ( 1-2
.) 6 (30
) (24 ) 1

(%)= 1
/
x 100
/

1 20 70% 200 . 24
3
0, 0.05, 0.1 0.5 1
50 5.0 .
7
3
2
20 . 18 . 2-4
30
1

0.5
646
81.3% ( 1)
0.5

1
(%)
(%)
0.01 0.05
0.1
0.5
0.01 0.05
0.1
0.5
-18.9 73.7 70.6 74.2

7.4 19.7 -35.9 28.8
27.4 26.9 60.8 81.3

4.9
-1.6 20.4 26.2
7.8 72.4 63.5 76.4

10 27.5 25.6 28.8
2
70% 12
(Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv.) (Euphorbia heterophylla L.)
(Pennisetum polystachyon (L.) Schult.) (Brachiaria reptans (L.)
C.A.Gardner & C.E.Hubb.) (Ageratum conyzoides L.)
(Dactyloctenium aegyptium L.) Chenonpodium ambrosioides L.
(Aeschynomene americana L.) (Phaseolus lathyroides L.) (Celosia

argentea L.) (Hyptis suaveolensis L.) (Mimosa invisa Mart.)
(0.05 0.1 )
(0.5 )
(
2) 88% 42%

0.5 65% 80%
( 3)

647

2 (70%)
(70%)
()
()
0.05
0.1
0.5
0.05
0.1
0.5
-2.04
-1.36
0.00
27.59
-2.76
0.00
9.56
14.71
27.21
-6.40
3.20
16.00
-35.19 -22.22
88.89
-5.13
8.33
42.31
1.91
1.17
27.17
33.60
5.14
25.69
18.54
12.20
51.85
0.66
9.93
74.83
24.15 -20.40
17.36
5.84
-1.17
52.14
-3.05
16.57
2.84
15.69
13.07
31.37
C. ambosoides
-2.50
6.50
15.65
-5.83
1.67
2.50
10.08
-5.17
6.56
2.38
-3.17
5.56
1.26
-2.97
-2.47
22.13
24.18
20.49
6.19
3.54
56.64
4.84
10.48
17.74
-39.34
-6.56
9.84
48.03
34.65
40.16
3
(70%)
-
0.05
0.1
0.5
0.05
0.1
0.5
-10.71 1.72 65.34 23.31 41.59

80.4
1.77
-3.1 -7.08
-5.48
6.39 -3.65
0 0.07 41.91 24.87 36.19 45.28
-5.97 -16.15 13.05

-1.32
7.03 11.32
3.92 3.92 49.5 14.87 24.26 61.97
-4.3 15.05 17.74

8.9 -2.74 29.45
648
Coronel, R.E., 1991. Tamarindus indica L.In: Verheij, E.W.M. and Coronel, R.E. (Editors).
Plant Resources of South-East Asia No. 2: Edible fruits and nuts. Pudoc,
Wageningen, The Netherlands, pp. 298-301
Parvez, S.S., M.M. Parvez, E. Nishihara, H. Gemma and Y. Fujii. 2003. Tamarindus indica
L. leaf I a source of allelopathic substance. Plant Growth regulation. Vol. 40
no.2 pp.107-115
649
Tetrastichus brontispae Ferriere
Study on the Culture Method of Tetrastichus brontispae Ferriere (Hymenoptera:

Eulophidae) for Coconut Hispine Beetle, Brontispa longissima (Gestro) Control


(Brontispa longissima (Gestro))

T.
brontispae
T. brontispae 1-2 6-8
10-13 T. brontispae
18-25 19.98 41.83-82.40% 62.84%
80.00-100.00% 91.33%
10% 7-26 1-6 3-14

18-20 18.79 40.83-88.18% 58.64%
50.00-100.00% 86.10%
T. brontispae
prepupa 4
1 1-4
11-57 67.35-76.39% T. brontispae
23.09 64.67%
28.93 72.11%
07-01-49-06-03-01-02-51
650

2543
(, 2548) (2547) 2547
Brontispa longissima Gestro (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

Asecodes hispinarum (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae)
( , 2550)

(Leibregts and Chapman, 2004)
(2548) -

Tetrastichus brontispae
-
76.7-87.0
35.71-73.56% (Hosang et al., 2004)

(, 2548)
CAB (2003)

651

T. brontispae

2551-2553 T.
brontispae
T. brontispae
A
hispinarum

T. brontispae

1.
2.
3.
4.

Brontispa longissima Gestro

5.
6. - (Thermo hygrometer)

1. T. brontispae

2. T. brontispae 2
1
-
2 T. brontispae
652
T. brontispae

T. brontispae

2550 2551

.
(B. longissima)

2
1

13 x 8.5 x 6
22x32.5x6.5
2-3
80% T. brontispae
8
2 T. brontispae
T. brontispae

Tetrastichus brontispae Ferrire:
T. Brontispae
262C

1 1
653
: T. brontispae
T. brontispae
1.008 0.080, 1.105
0.057 1.061 0.042 0.791 0.056 0.801
0.057 1.242 0.088 1.378
0.066 0.900 0.049 0.973 0.062

0.206 0.012 0.218 0.017

0.275 0.041 1.942 0.223 5-6

: T. brontispae 1-2 6-8
10-13 18-22
T. brontispae
18-25 19.98 41.83-82.40%
62.84% 80.00-100.00% 91.33%
10% 7-26 1-6
3-14 ( 2)
18-20
18.79 40.83-88.18% 58.64% 50.00100.00% 86.10%
2 (longevity) Tetrastichus brontispae
10%
20%
50%
Range
7-22
12.5
4-20
11.5
7-19
10.4
3-9
6.0
1-4
2.2
Range
9-26
16.5
4-24
14.9
4-25
12.1
3-14
7.9
2-6
3.5
654
1 Tetrastichus brontispae
(mean SD) (mm.)
3 . 0.071 0.007 0.206 0.012
1
0.075 0.009 0.218 0.017

2
0.085 0.012 0.275 0.041
3
0.157 0.035 0.569 0.164
4
0.318 0.053 1.274 0.280
5
0.453 0.185 1.615 0.192
6
0.623 0.085 1.818 0.252
7
0.681 0.076 1.942 0.223
5
8
0.529 0.061 1.793 0.253

9
10
11

12
13
14
15
16

17

18

655
10
11
12
14 T. brontispae Ferriere
13
15
16
17
18
1 Tetrastichus brontispae
656
T. brontispae

4
prepupa ( 2)

8
(
4)

1-6 6
4
T. brontispae
4
(A)
2 T. brontispae
prepupa (A) (B)
(B)
657
3 T. brontispae
4 4
T. brontispae
18-22

1-2
T. brontispae 1
1-4 7-57
67.35-76.39%
T. brontispae
7-57 23.09 34.29-90.91%
64.67% 12-41 28.93
658
41.38-91.67% 72.11% 8-42 15.15
55.56-90.00% 80.10%
1. Tetrastichus brontispae Ferriere 1-2

6-8 10-13 18-22
262C
2. T. brontispae 1
1-4 7-57
67.35-76.39%
3. 4 prepupa

4. 10% 7-26
1-6 3-14
8
8 Tetrastichus
brontispae
. 2548. ()
. ... 78 (6): 94-101.
. 2547.
. 1-4. :
.
. 30 2547,
.
. 2550.
. . ()
CAB. 2003. Crop Protection Compendium. 2003. CAB International, Wallingford, UK.
659
Leibregts, W. and K. Chapman. 2004. Impact and control of the coconut hispine beetle,
Brontispa longissima Gestro (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Pp. 19-25. In: Report
of the Expert Consultation on Coconut Beetle Outbreak in APPPC Member
Countries. 26-27 October 2004, Bangkok, Thailand.
Hoasang M.L.A., J.C. Alouw and H. Novarianto. 2004. Biological control of Brontispa
longissima (Gestro) in Indonesia. Pp. 39-52. In: Report of the Expert Consultation
on Coconut Beetle Outbreak in APPPC Member Countries. 26-27 October 2004,
Bangkok, Thailand.
Stapley, J.H. 1973. Insect pests of coconut in the Pacific region. Outlook on Agriculture
7(5): 211-217. . 2548. (
) . ... 78 (6): 94-101.
660
Utilization of Predatory Mites for Controlling Thrips and Mite Pests

3
A. cucumeris A. longispinosus
Utilization of Predatory Mites, A. cucumeris A. longispinosus for

Controlling Thrips and Mite Pests on Roses
Amblyseius
cucumeris
A.
longispinosus

2551 A. longispinosus 50,000 80,000
3 - 4
16 /

100 A. cucumeris
2552
: , Amblyseius cucumeris, Amblyseius longispinosus,
,
07-01-49-06-03-02-02-50
661
(Hirose, 1990)
(Denoyes and
Bordat, 1986; Hoy and Glenister, 1991; Gillespie, 1989. Zhang, et. al., 2002)
(Thrips palmi) (Franklinella occidentalis)
,
, , ,

A. cucumeris

A. longispinosus
2
5 / 2-3 (inundative release) 20
40 / 4
( , 2539 2542)
A. cucumeris A. longispinosus
3 Thrips hawaiiensis, T. palmi, Scirtothrips dorsalis 2
, Tetranychus kazawai , T. urticae

1. 2 A. longispinosus A. cucumeris
2.
3.
4. A. longispinosus
5. 40 lux
6.
662
7.
5-7 1 2
1
A. longispinosus A. cucumeris
3 30 50 2

- 100

50
1
-
- 2
-
2
2548 2550
1.

2.
()
Amblyseius cucumeris A. longispinosus

2550 2551 (10 )
- A. longispinosus 50,000 80,000 3 - 4
17 / ( 2 )
663
16 /

100
A. longispinosus
1 1.5 /
- A. cucumeris
, , ,
. 2539. , Amblyseius longispinosus (Evans)
. . 14 3. 157
182.
, , . 2542.
.
4. . 30-37.
Hirose, Y. 1990. Prospective use of natural enemies to control Thrips palmi
(Thysanoptera :Thripidae). In The Use of Natural Enemies to Control Agricultural
Pests, FFTC Book, Series No. 40 p. 135-141.
Denoyes, B., D. Bordat, H. De Bon, and P. Daly. 1986. A new pest of vegetable crops in
Martinique : Thrips palmi Karny. Agronomie Tropicale 41 : 167 168.
Hoy, C. W. and C. S. Glenister 1991. Releasing Amblyseius spp. (Acarina : Phytoseiidae)
to control
Thrips tabaci (Thysanoptera : Thripidae). App. Entomol. Zool. 21 :
482 484.
Gillespie, D. R. 1989. Biological control of thrips (Thysanoptera : Thripidae) on
greenhouse cucumber
by Amblyseius cucumeris Entomophaga 34 : 185 192.
Zhang, Y. X., Ji, J., Zhang, Z. Q., Lin, J. Z. 2002. Responses to stimuli from
Schizotetranychus nanjingensis on bamboo leaves by two predatory mite
species (Acari : Tetranychidae, Phytoseiidae). Systematic and Applied
Acarology. Vol : 7 ; 49 56.
664
Bacillus thuringiensis
Strain Selection of Bacills thuringiensis for Controlling Cut Worm, Spodoptera

litura and Beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua .

Bt
Bt isolate 136 isolates
diet plug method
Bt isolate 0 9 isolates, 1-50
77 isolates 51 42 isolates Bt isolate
0 3 isolates, 1-50
44 isolates 51 51 isolates

Bacillus thuringiensis Bt

(Green, 1976)
07-01-49-06-04-01-01-51
665
Bt

Bt
liquid concentrate, wettable powder, water dispersible granule, floating granule
oil suspension
Bt

Bt
Bt Bt
(Ziwen, 2005)
Bt

Bt
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9. electrophoresis
10.
11. 1.5
666
1 isolate Bt
2 Bt isolate nutrient broth

3 Bt isolate (preliminary
screening test) diet plug method
4 Bt isolates 50 %
Crystal protein SDS-PAGE
5 Bt isolate bioassay
Bt
CRD 5 20 /
- Bt isolate
- Bt isolate

- Crystal protein Bt isolate
Bt
Bt isolate 136 isolates
Bt isolate
0 9 isolates, 1-50 77 isolates
51 42 isolates Bt isolate
0 3 isolates, 1-50 44 isolates 51
51 isolates
667
. 2538. . ..
. 68(3): 271-278.
. 2544. . 80-114. :
- 11. 19-30
2544. , .
. 2544 . : . 183-208. :
.
, .
Green, M. B. 1976. Pesticides. Boon or Bane. Westview Press, Boulder.
Ziwen, Y. 2005. The Fate of Bacillus thuringiensis Insecticides in China. (Online).
Available: http://unesco.biotec.or.th/file%204.dac (January 21, 2005).
668
Bt NPV

Study on Efficacy of the Bacillus thuringiensis and Helicoverpa armigera
NPV to Control American bollworm on Sunflower

RCB 4 6 Bacillus thuringiensis

(Bactospeiene) 400 HaNPV 100, 150, 200 250
40 mist blower
. . .
75, 78, 82, 75, 81 77
7
36, 27, 23, 35, 27 37
2 31, 24, 28, 15, 11 30
HaNPV 200 250
60-65

20 (Heliothis
armigera(Hubner))

07-01-49-06-04-01-02-51
669

1.
2. Bacillus thuringiensis (Bactospeiene)
3. Helicoverpa armigera NPV
4.
5.
6. (mist blower)
RCB 4
1. Bacillus thuringiensis (Bactospeiene) 400 g/

2. HaNPV 100 ml/
3. HaNPV 150 ml/
4. HaNPV 200 ml/
5. HaNPV 250 ml/
6.

40 20 /100
40 3
7
7
670
40 60

2550 2551
. . .

75, 78, 82, 75, 81 77
7 36, 27, 23, 35, 27 37
2 31, 24, 28, 15, 11
30 HaNPV 200 250
60-65
671
Bacillus thuringiensis NPV

(Flowable liquid)
Application of Suspension Concentration of the Mixture of Bacillus
thuringiensis and NPV to Control Lepidopterous Pests on Asparagus.

Bt NPV
RCB 4 5
Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki (Bactospeine FC) SeNPV
SlNPV 4:1:2, 4:2:1 3:3:1 60 20 B.
thuringiensis (Bactospeine FC) 80 20

Bt+SeNPV+SlNPV
4:2:1 1,
2, 3 4 45, 61, 12 10 Bt+SeNPV+SlNPV
3:3:1 1, 2, 3 4 61, 56, 33 12

GAP

Bacillus
thuringiensis (Bt)
07-01-49-06-04-01-03-51
672
30 Bt
2-3
Nucleao Polyhedro Virus
7

SeNPV SlNPV
HaNPV Bt
NPV Bt NPV
Bt SeNPV
SlNPV
Bt NPV

Bt NPV
30-40
1. 1
2. Bacillus thuringiensis SeNPV
SlNPV 4:1:2 , 4:2:1 3:3:1
3. Bacillus thuringiensis (Bactospeine) 80 20
4.
5.
6. 3
7.
RCB 4 5
1. Bt+SeNPV+SlNPV 4:1:2
60 20
60 20
673
60 20
4. Bactospeine
80 20
5.
4.80x0.50 5.00x7.00
30 25
3 5 20
1
5 5x7

48
100 4
7.00 .-9.00 .
2550- 2551
Bt SeNPV SlNPV

17, 23, 20, 19 14
1
1 7 33, 45, 61, 37
71 Bt+SeNPV+SlNPV 4:1:2
33 Bt+SeNPV+SlNPV 4:2:1 Bactospeine
45 37 Bt+SeNPV+SlNPV
3:3:1 2
91, 61, 56, 58 89
Bt+SeNPV+SlNPV 4:2:1, 3:3:1 Bactospeine
61, 56 58 Bt+SeNPV+SlNPV 4:1:2
674
3
31, 12, 33, 46 35 Bt+SeNPV+SlNPV
4:2:1 12
4 16, 10, 12, 10 28
Bt NPV
Bt+SeNPV+SlNPV 4:2:1 60 20
2 2
Bt Bt
SeNPV SlNPV Bt
2-3 SeNPV SlNPV
5 8
Bt + NPV 7
Bt+SeNPV+SlNPV

Bt+SlNPV
Bt
675
NPV
Development of Spodoptera litura Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus Fomulation for
Controlling Common Cutworm larvae.

(Flowable liquid)
Spodoptera litura NPV Gum xanthan 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5
3 / SlNPV 1 emulsogen 10, 20, 30, 40 50 /
SlNPV 1 glycerine 100, 150 200 /SlNPV 1
homogenizer 2,000 / Gum xanthan 2
2.5 3.0
emulsogen 10, 20 30 /SlNPV 1
40 50 . 3 glycerine
100, 150 200 /SlNPV 1
1-3
(emulsifier) (wetter/spreader)
(filler) Gum xanthan emulsogen
glycerine
Gum xanthan 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 3.0 / SlNPV 1
emulsogen 10, 20, 30, 40 50 ./ SeNPV 1
glycerine 100, 150, 200 ./ SlNPV 1 Gum xanthan
SlNPV 2.0-2.5 / 3.0
emulsogen
10, 20, 30, 40 50 ./
glycerine 100,150 200
./ SlNPV
07-01-49-06-04-02-01-51
676
NPV
NPV
Bt NPV
(formulation)
18 NPV

NPV
1
Ultracentrifuge Sucrose Gradient
Centrifugation (Surfaced layer) 1x107
3
3 1 7 flask
20 oC
2
Gum xanthan, Glycerene, Kaolin, Silica, Kelzan, Emulsogen
7

3 4 6
1 2x107
700 ( 20 larvae/replication, 5 replication/treatment)
NPV
677
(Flowable liquid)
Spodoptera litura NPV Gum xanthan 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5
3 / SlNPV 1 emulsogen 10, 20, 30, 40 50 /
SlNPV 1 glycerine 100, 150 200 /SlNPV 1
homogenizer 2,000 / Gum xanthan 2
2.5 3.0
emulsogen 10, 20 30 /SlNPV 1
40 50 . 3 glycerine
100, 150 200 /SlNPV 1
1-3
(emulsifier) (wetter/spreader)
(filler) Gum xanthan emulsogen
glycerine
Gum xanthan 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 3.0 / SlNPV 1
emulsogen 10, 20, 30, 40 50 ./ SeNPV 1
glycerine 100, 150, 200 ./ SlNPV 1
Gum xanthan SlNPV 2.0-2.5 /
3.0
emulsogen 10, 20, 30, 40 50 ./
glycerine
100,150 200 ./ SlNPV
678
NPV
Commercial Production of Common Cutworm Spodoptera litura
Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus

5 10

2 3 4 5
1, 2 3 4 5
, 2 3 424.50, 444.33 500.80
5 16
10 299 29
209.26 5
6,000 250-300
1
SlNPV
5
2 , 3 , 15x24 ,
19x28 27x36 1 ,
1 2 2
5 2 2
3 260 3
1 2 2 3
1 3
2
07-01-49-06
679
5
2 3 1
38.90 36.00
92.00 96.00
3
2 3

1 2 12.5

1 12.5
15x24 26 , 19x28
42 27x36 77
1- 4
4
5

3.0x3.0x1.20
19x28 20
11x10

680

Nucleo Polyhedro Virus (NPV)

NPV

(Integrated Pest Management)

(, 2542)

3 4

(
, 2542)

(, 2544)
spodoptera
(El-Guidny et
al.,1982 ; Smits, 1987)

681
1.
2.
3.
4.
5. 20.3x21.0 11.0x10.0
6.
7. ( 5%)
8. 100 ( 50, 50)
9. (stereo microscope)
10. (counter)
11. 2
12. 3
13. 15x24
14. 19x28
15. 27x36
16.
17.
18. 4
1

1. 15 15.5
18
100
6-7
2 20.3x21.0 2
2-3

682
2. 5 5 5
( 6 )
( 5%) 2

3.

()

5
4. 1
stereo microscope 10-15
3
2
2.1
1 2
.
1. 2
2. 3
3. 15x24
4. 19x28
5. 27x36
1 15x24
19x28 2 4
125 mesh 27x36
6
. 0.8
683
.
30
.

. 2

2.2 2 5
5
1
2
1
2
3
1
3
3
2
4
15x24
25
5
15x24
50
15x24
100
6
7
19x28
50
8
19x28
100
9
19x28
150
10 27x36
100
150
11 27x36
12 27x36
200
1, 2 3 50 4-12
5
2.3
19x28 1.20
3.0x3.0x1.20 19x28 20
1
3
25
50
2
3
3
3
75
684
4
3
5
100
2551

SeNPV .. 2542

5 5

10 5
1, 2, 3, 4 5 43, 86, 85, 49 36
5 299 ( 1)
2 3 4 5 ( 1)
2
424.50 ( 7) 131.50
( 8), 2 444.33 ( 6)
163.55 ( 10), 3 500.80
( 9) 138.00 ( 7), 4
336.50 ( 9) 26.00 ( 10)
5 132.75 ( 7)
16.00 ( 5) ( 3)
10
5 299 64,870
685
216.96 50 10
299 1 5.98 5
297.43 131.86 ( 3)
4-5
2
2.1
1 2
0.5-0.7
60-72
2 1 , 3 1 , 15x24
1 , 15x24 2 ,
19x28 1 , 19x28 2 ,
27x36 1 27x36 2
2 265.60, 261.40, 118.00, 206.40, 156.40, 195.60, 101.40 127.20
( 4) 90
2
2

3
2.2 2 5
5
5
3
2 1 , 3 1
3 2 38.90, 36.00 27.40
92.00, 96.00
48.00 ( 5) 15x24
3 25, 50 100 30.90, 29.90
29.20 56.00, 46.00
22.00 ( 6) 19x28
686
50, 100 150 32.10, 30.40 29.20
44.00, 35.00 23.33
( 7) 27x36 3 100, 150
200 30.23, 34.10 29.37
41.34, 29.67 16.56 (
8)
2.3
19x28 1.20
3.0x3.0x1.20 19x28 20
3 25, 50, 75 100
32.26, 30.43, 28.92 28.15 80.00, 64.00,
55.00 48.00 ( 9)
5 2
11x10 10
5
2 25, 50, 75 100 33.30, 30.86, 29.58
28.34 88.00, 82.00, 66.00 53.00
( 10)
2.2 2 5
5
5
12
5
3.0x3.0x1.20 20
19x28 3 25, 50, 75 100
32.26, 30.43, 28.92 28.15 80.00,
64.00, 55.00 48.00 ( 9)

66
75 100
75 3.0x3.0x1.20
687
20 11x10 10
5
(cocoon)
(6-12 )
25, 50, 75 100
33.30, 30.86, 29.58 28.34 88.00, 82.00,
66.00 53.00 ( 10)

SlNPV

15.0 15.5
SeNPV
5 ( 5 5 )
5 10
2 3
4 5 ( 1)
1, 2 3 4 5
, 2 3 424.50, 444.33 500.80
5 16
10 299 29
209.26 5
6,000 250-300
1
SlNPV
688
2
2.1
1 2 5
2 , 3 , 15x24 ,
19x28 27x36 1
, 1 2
2 5 2
2 3 260 3
1 2 2 3
1 3
2
2.2 2 5
5 2 3
1 38.90 36.00
92.00 96.00

3 2 3

1
2 12.5
1 12.5
15x24 26
, 19x28 42
27x36 77
2.3
19x28 1.20
3.0x3.0x1.20 19x28 20
1- 4 4

5
689

3.0x3.0x1.20
19x28 20
11x10

. 2542. .
. 20 .
. 2542. . .
. 32.
. 2544. . .
. 275 .
El-Guidny, M.A., Madi, S.M., Keddis, M.E., Issa, Y.H. and Abdel-Sattar, M.M. 1982.
Development of resistance to pyrethroids in field populations of the Egyptian
Cotton Leafworm Spodoptera litturalis (Boisd.). International Pest Control
124 : 6-11.
690
1 :
()
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1
2
3
3
4
8
7
4
6
2
4
43
( )
2
3
4
5
4
7
5
7
6
9
9
8
9
5
4
10
14
6
6
6
7
7
12
4
19
8
4
7
5
2
9
15
1
86
85
49
5
6
10
5
1
1
3
4
2
2
2
36
24
31
34
23
39
29
31
39
18
31
299
691
2 :
()
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
()
2
3
4
2009 (5)
1216 (4)
971(7)
1614 (5)
1307 (7)
174 (6)
2799 (9)
2076 (9)
1594 (8)
3538 (9)
1980 (5)
389 (4)
2666 (10)
4354 (14)
943 (6)
2666 (6)
1419 (6)
1156 (7)
1199 (7)
1656 (12)
269 (4)
3199 (19)
1949 (8)
531 (4)
2169 (7)
2504 (8)
673 (2)
1472 (9)
2280(15)
26 (1)
1/
1
437 (2)1/
756 (3)
1117 (3)
1596 (4)
1991 (8)
1875 (7)
1698 (4)
789 (6)
574 (2)
1157 (4)
//
5
430 (6)
775 (10)
218 (5)
20 (1)
16 (1)
216 (3)
531 (4)
113 (2)
106 (2)
57 (2)
299
29.9
692
3 :
()
5
()
()
1
2
3
4
1
218.50 401.80 304.00 138.71
2
252.00 322.80 186.71
29.00
3
372.33 311.00 230.66 199.25
4
399.00 393.11 396.00
97.25
5
248.87 266.60 311.00 157.16
6
267.85 444.33 236.50 165.14
7
424.50 171.28 138.00
67.25
8
131.50 168.36 243.62 132.75
9
287.00 309.85 500.80 336.50
10
289.25 163.55 152.00
26.00
2890.80 2952.68 2699.29 1349.00
289.08 295.26 269.92 134.90
5
71.66
77.50
43.60
20.00
16.00
72.00
132.75
56.50
53.00
28.50
571.51
57.15
//
1134.66
226.93
868.01
173.60
1156.84
231.36
1305.36
261.07
999.63
199.93
1185.82
237.16
933.78
186.76
732.73
146.54
1487.15
297.43
659.30
131.86
10463.28 2092.65
1046.31
209.26
693
4 :
2 1 2

2
3
15x22 .( 1 )
15x22 .( 2 )
19x28 .( 1 )
19x28 .( 2 )
27x36 .( 1 )
27x36 .( 2 )
5 :
1
238
253
163
40
194
397
248
28
2
298
314
135
259
244
125
40
173
3
4
5
327 210 255 1307
315 185 240 1328
229 33 30 590
578 91 64 1032
78 137 129 782
137 307 12 978
54 59 106 507
220 101 114 636
265.60
261.40
118.00
206.40
156.40
195.60
101.40
127.20

2 2 3
2 1
3
1
2
(.)
38.90
% (.)
92.00
36.00
27.40
96.00
48.00
694
6 :

2 15x22
25
50
100
7 :
% (.)
56.00
46.00
22.00

2 19x28
50
100
150
8 :
(.)
30.90
29.90
29.20
(.)
30.10
30.40
29.20
% (.)
44.00
35.00
23.33

2 27x36
100
150
200
(.)
30.23
34.10
29.37
% (.)
41.34
29.67
16.56
695
9 :

2 19x28
20 1/
25
50
75
100
1/
(.)
32.26
30.43
28.92
28.15
% (.)
80.00
64.00
55.00
48.00
3.0x3.0x1.20
10 :
2 19x28
20 1/
2/
25
50
75
100
1/
(.)
33.30
30.86
29.58
28.34
3.0x3.0x1.20
2/
11x10
% (.)
88.00
82.00
66.00
53.00
696
Number of egg mass
100
80
60
40
20
0
1
Date after mating
( 5 )

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-2- niclosamide ..................................104

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Research on a suitable post-emergence weed control in

Split plot in RCB 4

(recover) ametryn hexazinone/diuron

1. Pseudococcus cryptus Hempel Planococcus minor

2 50 x 100 x 100 Eco2 fume

Efficacy Test of Methyl Bromide and Eco2 fume for Controlling

1. Thrips palmi Karny

2 50 x 100 x 100 Eco2 fume

Efficacy of Insecticides and Natural Extracts

, Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton

: , Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton ,

2 petroleum spray oil 83.9 % 40

clothianidin 16% WSG 5

clothianidin 16 % WSG lambda-cyhalothrin

petroleum spray oil 83.9%

petroleum spray oil 83.9 % 60 20

1 , Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton

petroleum spray oil (SK 99 Enspray

2 , Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton

petroleum spray oil (SK 99 Enspray

petroleum spray oil (SK 99 Enspray

petroleum spray oil (SK 99 Enspray

5 , Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood

dinotefuran (Starkle 10%WP)

6 , Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood

dinotefuran (Starkle 10%WP)

dinotefuran (Starkle 10%WP)

8 , Diaphorina citri Kuwayama

petroleum spray oil (SK 99 Enspray

9 , Diaphorina citri Kuwayama

petroleum spray oil (SK 99 Enspray

10 , Diaphorina citri Kuwayama

petroleum spray oil (SK 99 Enspray

petroleum spray oil (SK 99 Enspray

petroleum spray oil (SK 99 Enspray

petroleum spray oil (SK 99 Enspray

Effectiveness of some Insecticides for Controlling Mango leaf hopper on

3 pyridaben (Sanmite20 % WP), emamectin

Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Banks)

(Experimental Design) RCB 3

(23 -22 2549)

wa 1 spray = week after 1st spray

wa 1 spray = week after 1st spray

( golden apple snail, Pomacea canaliculata Lamarck)

Anonymous,1968 (niclosamide) clonitralid

Pomacea canaliculata Lamarck

Table 3 Comparison on efficacy of various molluscicides for the control of GAS in

In a column,means followed by a common letter are not significantly different at the 5%

niclosamide(Bayluscide 70% WP) 50

(2539) (Pomacea sp.)

Pomacea canaliculata Lamarck

Efficacy of Neem extract Petrolium oil and Insecticides for controlling

(Efficacy of Bacteria, Virus and Insecticides for Controlling

, Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley

: 07- 01 - 49 - 01- 01-01-12-49

(Sesame) Sesamum indicum Linn. Pedaliaceae

Randomized Complete Block 4 6

, Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley

2551 2549 2550

, Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley

Field Trial on Effectiveness of Some Insecticides for Controlling