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  • Basic Scheme of The Seismic Data Processing

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    Namwangala Rashid Natindu
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    Dip moveout (DMO) correction is a seismic data processing technique used to correct for smearing of seismic reflections from dipping formations. DMO effectively corrects for the fact that reflections from dipping formations do not share a common midpoint by transforming the data so that reflections with various dips can be stacked together using the same velocity. Applying DMO correction before stacking results in a more detailed velocity field and less smearing of reflections compared to stacking without DMO.

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    Dip moveout (DMO) correction is a seismic data processing technique used to correct for smearing of seismic reflections from dipping formations. DMO effectively corrects for the fact that reflections from dipping formations do not share a common midpoint by transforming the data so that reflections with various dips can be stacked together using the same velocity. Applying DMO correction before stacking results in a more detailed velocity field and less smearing of reflections compared to stacking without DMO.

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    16 views17 pages

    Basic Scheme of The Seismic Data Processing

    Uploaded by

    Namwangala Rashid Natindu
    Dip moveout (DMO) correction is a seismic data processing technique used to correct for smearing of seismic reflections from dipping formations. DMO effectively corrects for the fact that reflections from dipping formations do not share a common midpoint by transforming the data so that reflections with various dips can be stacked together using the same velocity. Applying DMO correction before stacking results in a more detailed velocity field and less smearing of reflections compared to stacking without DMO.

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    Basic scheme of the seismic data processing

    Loading of the data/conversion Demultiplexing Geometry Editing Amplitude correction Frequency filter Deconvolution CMP-Sorting Velocity analysis NMO/DMO-Correction Stacking Migration Post-processing Measurements Navigation

    Pre-Processing

    Prestack

    Poststack

    Printing/storage

    Printing/storage

    A seismic processing operation to correct for the fact that, for dipping reflections, the traces of a CMP gather do not involve a common reflection point. DMO effectively corrects for the reflection-point smear that results when reflectors dip. Events with various dips stack with the same velocity after DMO. (DMO can be performed in a number of ways)
    Sheriff, 1991

    Dip move out (DMO)

    Horizontal Reflector CMP = CDP CMP = CDP

    Dipping Reflector CMP CDP CMP CDP

    CMP = common mid point CDP = common depth point

    Zero offset: coincident Source (S) and geophone (G)

    Common offset: offset between Source (S) and geophone (G)

    Show possible reflection points for one particular traveltime

    NMO: coordinate transformation from A (yn,t) to B (yn,tn) DMO: coordinate transformation from B (yn,tn) to C (y0-t0) Zero-offset migration: coordinate transformation from C (y0-t0) to D (ym,t)

    Cases of conflicting dip Analysis of data without DMO correction Analysis of data with DMO correction
    (following pictures are obtained from Yilmaz, 2001)

    Selected CMP gathers from a 2D marine dataset


    NMO DMO NMO-1

    Yilmaz, 2001

    Without DMO correction (smearing of data)

    With DMO correction


    Yilmaz, 2001

    Without DMO correction


    Yilmaz, 2001

    With DMO correction


    Yilmaz, 2001

    Velocity field used to stack the CMP gathers

    Without DMO correction

    With DMO correction


    Yilmaz, 2001

    With DMO: less smearing: more detailed velocity field

    NMO correction of DMO corrected gathers

    Without lateral varying and with lateral varying velocity

    Yilmaz, 2001

    NMO

    DMO

    NMO-1

    NMO

    Stacking CMP stack Migration Migrated CMP stack Migrated DMO stack DMO stack

    CMP stack and DMO stack Amplitudes of reflections off the flanks of the salt have similar amplitude as flat events
    Yilmaz, 2001

    Comparison between Migration of CMP stack and DMO stack

    Amplitudes of reflections off the flanks of the salt have higher amplitude
    Yilmaz, 2001

    Time migration of CMP and DMO stack

    Yilmaz, 2001

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