UNIVERSITY OF ENERGY AND NATURAL RESOURCES

DEPARTMENT OF PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS

GROUP 4
UEB0505120 KWARTENG GERARD AGYEMANG BOAKYE
UEB0506320 NKULENU JOSEPH
UEB0507120 TAKYI STANLEY

UEB0500220 HARUNA ANYASS

UEB0503820 FRIMPONG GABRIEL SARFO
UEB0504920 KUUBIER DANIEL
UEB0501420 OWUSU AFUA ADUTWUMWAA

UEB0503620 YUSSIF UBAIDU RAHMAN

 NORMAL & DIP
MOVEOUT IN SEISMIC
DATA PROCESSING.
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
 INTRODUCTION
 NORMAL MOVEOUT(NMO)
 PURPOSE OF NMO
 NMO CORRECTION FACTOR
 CHALLENGES AND SOLUTIONS TO NMO
 DIP MOVEOUT(DMO)
 DMO IN SEISMIC PROCESSING
 CHALLENGES AND SOLUTIONS TO THE DMO
 REFERENCES
 
 
INTRODUCTION
One objective of the seismic data processing is convert information recorded in the field into a form that
can be used for geological interpretation. Since the introduction of digital recording, a routine sequence in
seismic data processing has evolved. This basic sequence now is described to gain an overall
understanding of each step. There are three primary steps in processing seismic data — deconvolution,
stacking, and migration, Seismic processing attempts to enhance the signal to noise ratio of the seismic
section and remove the artifacts in the signal that were caused by the seismic method. The end result
should be a more interpretable section. This presentation focuses on normal and dip moveout in data
processing. NMO, or normal moveout, is the difference between the zero offset travel time and the travel
time observed for a given source-receiver offset in a surface seismic survey. Offset traces must be
corrected for normal moveout to correctly position the reflection in time. normal moveout correction is
also known as dynamic correction. Dip moveout processing, or DMO, is a seismic processing operation
to correct for the fact that, for dipping reflections, the component traces of a CMP gather do not involve a
common reflecting point.
 
 NORMAL MOVEOUT
What is normal moveout in
seismic?
NMO, or normal moveout, is the difference between the zero offset
travel time and the travel time observed for a given source-
receiver offset in a surface seismic survey. Offset traces must be
corrected for normal moveout to correctly position the reflection in
time. 1. n. [Geophysics]
The effect of the separation between receiver and source on the
arrival time of a reflection that does not dip, abbreviated NMO. A
reflection typically arrives first at the receiver nearest the source. The
offset between the source and other receivers induces a delay in the
arrival time of a reflection from a horizontal surface at depth. A plot
of arrival times versus offset has a hyperbolic shape
SOME IMAGES ON NORMAL MOVEOUT
 NMO CORRECTION FACTOR
Mostly used for stacking purposes, the
normal moveout corrections play a
significant role in seismic processing.
Such corrections are responsible for
eliminating time difference resulting
from midpoint and half offset
displacement around a reference position
in space and time
 PURPOSE OF N.M.O
 To prepare data for stacking.

 To find the NMO velocity to the reflector.

 It removes the effect of source-receiver separation from the reflection records,

 It transforms the record as if recorded at normal incidence.

 CHALLENGES AND SOLUTIONS TO
N.M.O
CHALLENGES
1. Reflection do not have straight alignment
after normal move out .
2 .Show three reflection before and after
normal moveout and broadening of the
wavelet produced by normal moveout
correction.
SOLUTIONS
If the velocity above a reflector were
constant and normal moveout correct , the
corrected reflection would be straight for
the entire wavelength.
However, because the velocity usually
increases with arrival time , different
normal move out are used to correct
different paths.
 DIP MOVEOUT
D.M.O is done to correct non-zero
offset to a true zero offset of a dip A.Levin Equation C.Before and After
dependent velocity. DMO
D.M.O is done when the reflection
point is below or above the
reflection point of the surface
midpoint.
✓ D.M.O enhances the quality of
the final image B. .Uncorrected CMP gather &
Corrected CMP gather
✓ D.M.O helps in correcting
reflection paths
✓ Helps to avoid errors during
interpretation
D.M.O estimations are mostly done
with the levin equation.
 D.M.O IN SEISMIC PROCESSING
There are four main stages in seismic processing

1.It is assumed that the reflection point is pre-stack CDPs

is located in the midpoint position between source and
receiver and the reflection is recorded at time t(x)

2.After NMO correction arrival time t(x) is moved to

zero offset time t(0) but the reflection is still located
below the midpoint position

3.DMO move this reflection to true zero offset distance

which is the location between source and receiver where
the true zero offset ray normal to the reflector is recorded
at the surface. This process eliminates CDP smearing.

4.After poststack migration, the reflection is moved to its

correct subsurface location below the surface position
and to its accurate recording time.
 CHALLENGES AND SOLUTIONS OF
THE DIP MOVE OUT
CAUSTIC PRESENCE: AZIMUTHAL ANISOTROPY:
Introduced by Malcom Hoop and Rousseau, in Developed by Shragge and Lumly in 2012.They
2005.They developed a theory of continuation developed an elliptical DMO operator to address
data with the presence of caustics . the velocity structure and the azimuthal anisotropy.
Caustics are rays that are reflected /refracted by It was done by combining forward elliptical DMO
curved surface. and adjoint elliptical DMO, and this will result in a
They use calculus of Fourier integrals operators to single elliptical moveout (EMO). A new method o
construct output sets from input through solve the azimuthal elliptical problems.
composition of 3 operators . However for DMO,
operator Composition was reduced to 2
operators .i.e imaging and exploding reflector
modelling.
 REFERENCES

Wiki.seg.org
geoscienceworld.org
Reproducibility.org