1.

[SPM2004]
(a)
B

2. [SPM 2006]
Shade A B '

(a)
Q

Shade

P
B

A
Step 1

Step 2

Step 3

{ 1,2
}
{ 1,
4}
{ 1
}
12 ) ( 14) = {1}

A
1

(b)

1
P 3
2

6 7
1
25 4
3

1
P 3
2

5, 6 }
4, 5, 6 , 7 }
4, 5, 6, 7 }
6, 7 }
6, 7 }

A
B
C
= {1256} {4567} {167 }
= { 124567 } {167 }
=
{ 167 }

6 7
1
5
2 4
3

A={ 1,2,
B={
A B = { 1, 2,
C ={ 1,
A B C ' ={ 1,

R
4

P={
2
Q= {
P Q = { 2
R ={
( P Q ' ) R ={

C
Step 3

Shade ( P Q ' ) R

(b)

Step 1

P = { 1,
3, 4 }
Q = { 1,2 ,3
}
P '
Q = {1 ,
3
}
P Q = {134} {123} = {13}

Shade

A B C'

Step 2

1
P 3
2

A=
B=
=
A B'
AB =(

P '
Q

=
=
=

4
4
3, 4
4

}
}
}
}
}

P
Q R
{ 2 } {4} { 34}
{ 24 }
{ 34}
{4}
Q
1
P 3
2

R
4

27
.

3.
Shade S T U

(a)
S

(a)

4.
Shade V W

U
V

S
3
Step 1

T
2

Step 2

5
6

V
W

S = { 2 , 3 , 4, 5 }
T ={1,2
5 6
S T = { 1 , 2 3, 4 , 5 , 6
U ={1,2,3
S T U ={ 1 , 2 , 3

}
}
}
}

V = { 1
W = {
V W
= {

4 }
3, 4 }
4 }

V W
= { 14 } { 34}
=
{4}

S
T
U
= {2345} {1256} { 123 }
=
{ 123456 }
{123}
=
{ 123 }
S

Step 3

3
T
1

4
5
6

V
W

28
.

Shade ( S T U

(b)

(a)

Shade (V W )

T
S

U
T

S
1

Step 1

Step 2

Step 3

6
4

S={
3 , 4, 5
T ={1,2, 3
S T = { 1 , 2 3, 4 , 5
U ={1,
5
S T U ={ 1
5

}
}
}
}
}

V = {
2, 3
W = {
3,4
V W
= {
3
(V W ) = { 1 , 2
4

}
}
}
}

(
V
W )
= ( {23} {34} )
=
{
3 }
=
{ 124}

S T U
= {345} {123 } {15}
= { 1234 5}
{15 }
=
{15 }
U
T

S
1

V
W
2

29
.