GSM ARCHITECTURE

Operator OMS
External networks

NSS

BSS

MS User

GSM

Mobile Station (MS), Base Station Subsystem (BBS), Network and Switching Subsystem (NSS), Operation Management Subsystem (OMS).

External networks NSS BSS MS Users

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PSTN PSTN ISDN ISDN PSDN PSDN PLMN PLMN

Asub interface VLR VLR

AS AS HLR HLR MSC MSC

NSS
EIR EIR

OMS OMS
BSC BSC Abis interface BTS BTS Um interface

BSS

MS

SIM

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BSS components and interfaces

BTS

OSS BTS BSC BTS

Abis interface Radio interface (Um) Asub interface Message Signalling Figure 4.12

NSS

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Base Station
TRXn . BSC . TRX2 TRX1

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BLOCK DIAGRAM OF A BASE STATION

A-bis
64 kbits

Receiver

A D

Equalizer Mod./Dem.
13 kbits

Speech 8/13 bit Codec 13/8 bit

A law

VCO Synthesizer

Control Unit

64kbits

Channel Codec
16 kbits

Signaling

Transmitter

A D

Burst building Multip./Dem.

BTS

Speech 8/13 bit Codec 13/8 bit

BSC

64 kbits

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Radio Frequency channels for GSM D900

890-915 MHz for uplink, MC to BS 935-960 MHz for downlink, BS to MS fup(n)=(890+0,2xn) MHz fdown(n)=fup(n)+45MHz
Radio frequency channel spacing: 200 kHz; Duplex spacing: 45 MHz

(with,ARFCN 1n124)

CHANNEL DISTRIBUTION FOR D900

Uplink
001 002 123 124 001 002

Downlink
123 124

890 890.2
200 kHz Channel spacing

914.8 915
Duplex spacing 45 MHz

935 935.2

959.8 960

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GSM EXTENDED BAND (E-GSM 900)

880-915 MHz for uplink ; 925-960 MHz for downlink With FDMA 124 (174 for extended band ) Fup(n)=(890+0.2 x n)MHz (with ARFCN 0n124 ) and fup(n)=(890+0,2xn) (n-1024) (with ARFCN 975n1023) fdown (n)=fup (n)+45 MHz Radio frequency channel spacing: 200 kHz; Duplex spacing: 45 MHz

GSM 1800
1710-1785 MHz for uplink; 1805-1880 MHz for downlink Duplex spscing is 95 MHz with 374 channels 200 kHz spacing Numberd with 512-885 fup(n)=(1710+0,2xn) (n-511) fdown(n)=fup(n)+95MHz
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(with,ARFCN 512n885

GSM FRAME STRUCTURE

Hyper Frame Super Frame Multiframe
0 0 0 0 3 1 1 1 1 57
Data 17 18 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 2047

Duration 3.48 s
50

Duration 6.12 s
19 20 21 22 23 24 24 25

3 1

5 26

7 1 S 57
Data

1250 bits; Duration 4.615ms

3
SP

Duration 120 ms

8.25
G

Time Slot

ST

Training

156.25 bits Duration 0.57692 ms

ST:Start Bits S:Stealing Bit SP:Stop Bits G:Guard Bits

Normal burst
3 57 1 26 1 57 3 8.25

TB

Data SF

SF

Data

TB G

TB:Tail Bits S:Stealing Bit SP:Stop Bits G:Guard Bits

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Control Channels

CCH ( Control Channels )

DCCH

BCCH

SDCCH

ACCH

BCCH

Synch.

FACCH

SACCH CCCH

SCH

FCH

RACH

CBCH

PCH/AGCH Fahreddin Sadkolu 9

GSM PHYSICAL LAYER

Microphone ADC
Linear Predictive cooding Rgular Pulse Excitation Analysis Long-Term Prediction

Microphone ADC

Speech coding

LPC-PEA
Shufling Interleaving Channel cooding Ciphering

Speech Decoding

Decreases possibility of distortion of consecitive bits in radio channel Cyclic and Convolutional codes for error detection and correction purpose Is used to protect data Ki+Rand A8 Kc GMSK

DeShufling DeInterleaving Channel decooding

Deciphering

Modulation

Demodulation

Channel
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Speech and Channel Coding

0.3-3.4 kHz fs =8kHz; 13 bits 104 kbs

BPF

A D

Speech Encoder

13kbs

To Modulator Channel Coding

22.8 kbs

From Demodulator LPF A D Speech Decoder Channel Decoder

Speech
Block Filters Every 20 ms 160 samples 1 2 3 4
1 5 . 37 2 6 . 38 3 7. 39 4 8. 40

Encoder
Selection Sequence with maximal energy Si Correlation analysis C(Si, Si-k)=max = Si-Si-k

Linear Predictive Coding and Regular Pulse Extantion LPC/RPE

Long Term Prediction-LTP

Channel
Cyclic Coding For error detection
189 bits

Encoder
Convolutional Coding for 1 bit error correction
456 bits

Reordering Restructuring Interliving 11

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GMSK MODULATION
Sin 2fct I(t) COS(c(t)) Integrater di(t) Gaussian Filter C(t) Q(t) Sin(c(t))

(t)

+
X
Cos 2fct

m(t)

I ( t ) = cos( c ( t ));

Q ( t ) = sin( c ( t ))

m ( t ) = I ( t ) sin 2 fct + Q ( t ) cos 2 fct

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AUTHOINTICATION MS
MS Ki A3 Algorithm SRES Yes/No Um Interface Rand Network SRES

=?

DATA CIPHERING
Ki MS Rand A8 Kc
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MS Kc Data A5

Um Interface Kc Cipherd Data

Network

A5

Data

Convolutional Coding

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Functional Sequence of Basic Call Types

Before an MOC begins a location registration and with it an authentication must have taken place.The MS sends the call setup information dialed by the mobile subcriber to the MSC (1). The MSC requests call information from the VLR (mainly about any relevant restictions) concerning the mobile subscriber identified by the IMSI (2). After assigning a traffic channel, the MSC then informs PSTN.

Mobile Originated Call (MOC) to the fixed network

Calling subscriber MS 1 BSS Called subscriber

BTS/BSC/TRAU

1 VLR 2 MSC 3

NSC PSTN PST N PLMN

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Figure 4.16

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Mobile Internal Call (MIC)

The MS1 sends the call setup information dialed by the mobile subscriber (MSISDN) to the MSC (1). The MSC requests informaton about the calling mobile subscriber MS2 from the VLR (2). The MSC uses the dialling information (MSISDN) to establish the HLR and sets up signalling connection to it (3). The HLR sends a request to the VLR in whose area the called mobile subscriber MS2 is currently roaming (4). The VLR sends the requested MSRN back to the HLR. The HLR forwards the MSRN to the MSC (5). Steps (6) to (9) are the same as steps (6) to (9) in Figure 7.17.

MS1

MS2 Called subscriber 8 7 8 9

Calling subscriber

1 BTS/BSC/TRAU BSS 1

BTS/BSC/TRAU

BTS/BSC/TRAU 8 7 9

MSC 2 3 VLR 4 HLR 5 PLMN 6 5 NSC

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Mobile Terminating Call (MTC) From The Fixed Network

A call for mobile subscriber arrives at the GMSC (1). The GMSC uses the dialing information (MSISDN) to es tablish the HLR and sets up a signaling connection to it (2). The HLR sends a requested VLR in whose area the called subscriber is currently roaming (3). The VLR sends the requested MSRN back to the HLR. The HLR forwards the MSR to the GMSC (4). On the basis of the MSRN the GMSC sets up the connection request to the MSC, i.e. the MSC in whose area the mobile subcriber is roaming at this point in time (5). As the MSC does not know the mobile subscriber up to this point, the MSC requests the mobile subscriber information for the call setup from ts VLR (6). The MS is now called by means of paging to all BTS/BSCs in the locato area, as the radio cell in which the MS is located is not known to the MSC (7). If there is a response to the paging, this information is transmitted to the MSC (8). Finally the connection to the MS is set up (9). Figure7.17 shows the call sequence of an MTC .

MS 7 BTS/BSC/TRAU 7 8

Called subscriber 9 BTS/BSC/TRAU 7 BSS NSC

BTS/BSC/TRAU 7 8 9

VLR 4 3 VLR

MSC 5

Calling subscriber

2 4

GMSC

PLMN

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