Music Education in the Renaissance

From Vittoriono De Feltre (1378) to the Council of Trent (1563)

Education in General

Humanistic Fascination with antiquity Originated and developed in Italy The system

liberal arts quadrivium

music, geometry, mathematics, astronomy

Education in General

First humanist school (1424-1428)

Vergerio

First significant theorist in humanist education tutor at Padua court conduct Becoming Free Men fundamentals of Liberal Education Logic, Grammar, History, Eloquence, Moral Philosophy

Education in General

First Boarding School of Europe

developed in 1423 at Mantua by Virrorino

financial aid available mixed economic mixed national not mixed sex abandoned medieval learning traditions Morals, treatment of nature, movement of stars, numbering, measuring, geometry, harmony and music Core curriculum Greek and Latin Grammar and literature Dialectic & Rhetoric additional curriculum Philosophy, mathematics, language, PE Music practical music making included singing and Lyra

Important People and Themes

Vittorino De Feltre (1378-1446)

led by writings of Quintillion and Cicero Education should produce a broadly educated person

know how to sing, dance, write poetry, and be in good health

Established school for the Duke of Mantuas children

Standards are Christian Faith and Humanist ideas

Important People and Themes

Niccolo Machiavelli (1469-1527)

Latin scholar, scientist, politician, humanist

Politics are secular not religious War Psychology keep your friends close, keep your enemies closer Act against: faith, charity, humanity, and religion to maintain the STATE The end justifies the means

Wrote The Prince

Empiricism knowledge comes from experience

Important People and Themes

Desiderius Erasmus (1469-1536) Inspired by Quintillion

Virtue can be based on humanity Christianity was an expression of the classical spirit of the whole man Liberal Education for Boys, The Right Method of Instruction

Believed in the Life of the Mind Man must study

Education & religion must be combined gentleness not punishment man was good

Important People and Themes

Martin Luther (1483-1546)

95 Theses (1517) Was vigorous and influential spokesperson for universal education published a letter on how to establish and maintain Christian Schools (1524) Translated the Bible into German Translated Mass into German Wrote many Hymns

Important People and Themes

John Calvin

wrote Geneva Psalter (1543) Act of Supremacy (1534)

King Henry VIII

Chantries and Monasteries dissolving beginning of end of Music. Ed.

Book of Common Prayer (1549 & 1552)

Council of Trent (1545-1563)

Music Education in the Renaissance

Performance and Education centered around the church Music became more accessible

printing by Petrach Lute music & playing

dignified modesty for women Tablature Music for leisure time

The Courtier by Castiliogone

Music Education in the Renaissance

Music conservatories

began as charitable institutions in Italy developed from ospedali (asylums) for orphan & OW girls Venice had the oldest one: 1262 Opidale dei Mendicanti Naples changed the name to conservatorio 1537 Conservatorio Santa Maria de Lorento Provided excellent music training

both vocal and instrumental

performed in public concerts Monteverdi and Lotti taught in them

Music Education in the Renaissance

The Convent school

some were great some were not - lots of abuse girls w/o dowry ended up there 12% of 15th century girls in Florence were nuns

Music Education - France

Humanistic curriculum at universities

admittance by owning certain textbooks

one may have contained music

emphasis on classical writings and empirical methods music taught most likely as part of mathematics Oronce Fine

epithoma musice instrumentalis (1530)

Jean Pena

euclidis optica et catoprica (1557)

Pierre Forcadel Later on music was part of physics

Music Education - France

Chansonniers multi-composer anthologies Notation mensural notation

developed in Ars nova Musicae by Johannes de Muris notation of polyphony in Ars Nova by Philippe de Vitry

Music Education - England

Education viewed as sign of being civilized Motives for pursuing and education increased

literacy up in towns 50% of mid-16th century Londoners could read and write criminal sentences reduced if you were literate intermediate schools for those with no prior knowledge of Latin Government began to censor books not much art produced

Illiteracy was highly distrusted

Oxford and Cambridge sole universities of England

Popularized learning led to growing civil threat

Music Education - England

Music

Old Hall Manuscript

from college of St. Edmund Most important collection of English music in Renaissance

Many establishments that sustained Men and boys choirs dissolved

Monasteries, Colleges, chantries, elementary song schools This decline showed a communal need for elevating the level of literacy in schools Musically educated boys and men attempted to remedy the problem

this possibly contributed to the ascent of secular music in England in the late 16th century

Music Education - England

Under the reign of Elizabeth I, several choirs called for new anthems and services

Required training of boys and men Great Achievements in Music Ed. 24 cathedral choirs Westminster Main college at universities Eton School Chapel Royal

Music Education - Germany

Education was for boys and most curricula included music Latin schools made choral singing a requirement

Protestant gymnasium did this as well

basis for singing schools in the USA

Elementary schools

music learned by rote students sang by ear

Music Education - Germany

Intermediate schools

Music theory part singing composition

Upper level

Advanced Music theory sight singing & part singing

mastery required some offered instrumental instruction

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Music Education in the Renaissance Test.doc